Jatit Knowledgesharing
Jatit Knowledgesharing
Jatit Knowledgesharing
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ABSTRACT
Social media (SM) are designed for easily online information sharing and communicating among people,
and the sites relate to entertainment, educational and business domains. From requirement elicitation and
analysis, social media provide effective communication and sharing on the knowledge and information of
system development among stakeholders. This paper aims to identify the relevant functional and non-
functional requirements for knowledge sharing (KS), and explore the relationships between the
requirements and perceived social media to support knowledge sharing. Hence, a survey was conducted that
involve software requirements practitioners in order to gather the requirements on KS. Besides that, partial
least squares (PLS) method was used to evaluate the hypothesis and research model. The findings of this
study represented that there was a positive and strong relationship between functional requirements and
Perceived SM to support requirements knowledge sharing (RKS), however, non-functional requirements
has a weak relationship with Perceived SM to support RKS.
Keywords: Social Media, Functional, Non-functional, Requirements, Knowledge Sharing
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of posting, chatting, creating groups. However, the RQ3: What are the functional requirements of
main objective of social media is designed for social media towards supporting knowledge sharing?
keeping social relationships among people, and it is
This paper is organized as follows. In section 2,
not developed only for knowledge sharing.
the related work on functional and non-functional
Therefore, it has limitations to use social media
requirements of social media, requirement
functions to support knowledge sharing. This gives
elicitation and analysis, and knowledge sharing are
us the motivation to examine the functional and
given. Section 3 proposes research model and
non-functional requirements of social media that
hypothesis. Section 4 describes research
relate to supporting knowledge sharing. However,
methodology. Data analysis and result are discussed
lack of research highlights this aspect.
in section 5. The paper concludes with future work
In the field of requirements elicitation and in section 6.
analysis, there has involve communicating among
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
stakeholders on requirements information such as
functionalities and non-functionalities of the
2.1 Requirement Elicitation And Analysis
system. In order to obtain a correct, complete,
Requirement Elicitation is the first phase of
reliability and understanding of requirements, the
requirement engineering which include four phases,
stakeholders and software developers should
namely requirements elicitation, requirements
communicate and share their knowledge with each
documentation, requirements validation and
other. However, the main problem in requirements
verification, and requirements management [14,20].
elicitation is lacking of adequate communication
Requirement elicitation is the activity of eliciting
and shared understanding [11, 12]. Based on this
the relevant requirements from different
premise, we noticed that several problems can be
stakeholders. The raw requirements mainly
partially solved or mitigate by using social media
gathered from the various viewpoints of customers,
for communicating on requirements information.
other requirements obtained from sponsors,
To resolve the problem in requirements developers, quality assurance teams, analyst,
elicitation and analysis, it needs to enhance the business objectives, system operating environment,
quality of communication and sharing of the constraints, and marketing environment [14,
requirements knowledge. Social media has proven 15].
to be useful as a platform on which information can Requirement analysis is the process of examining
be shared during requirements elicitation and the high level requirements. In this process, the
analysis [10]. The feasibility of using popular social requirements are determined to see whether they
media (i.e. Facebook) to support end users to are clear, complete, and free of contradictions. If
participate in requirements elicitation and analysis there are some issues on that, it needs to define the
was discussed [13]. The issues regarding social strategy to resolve the issues [16]. There are a set of
media-supported approaches need to be identified activities to check the obtained requirements in this
clearly. However, there is a lack of discussion by phase, which involve checking the needs of
researchers on examining how the functional and stakeholders, the consistency of expressed
non-functional requirements of social media to requirements, the completeness of requirements,
support knowledge sharing. To address this and the feasibility of requirements [17].
research gap, this paper aims to identify the
For gathering and analyzing the requirements
requirements of social media towards supporting
during requirements elicitation and analysis, the
knowledge sharing. According to that identification
several basic activities is to understand the
of requirements, this paper will propose and
application domain, to identify the requirements
evaluate a research model to investigate the
sources, to analyze the stakeholders, to select and
relationships of functional and non-functional
use the eliciting techniques, approaches, and tools,
requirements with supporting knowledge sharing at
to elicit the requirements [18]. When there is a
social media. The following research questions (RQ)
knowledge gap or conflict understanding or
define the focus of this research:
misunderstanding, negotiation and communication
RQ1: What are the functional requirements of are involved to resolve the issues. The shared
social media towards supporting knowledge sharing? understanding is very important for software
developers and stakeholders to achieve a common
RQ2: What are the non-functional requirements
understanding of requirements through negotiation
of social media towards supporting knowledge
and communication [19]. During communication,
sharing?
the activities are revolved around knowledge
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acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge A survey was done to show the universal features
negotiating, knowledge integration, and knowledge of social network, the basic elements involved
acceptance [19, 21]. social actors, social relations, content,
communication tools, privacy and content visibility,
The techniques for requirement elicitation
ratings, activities timeline, wall, home, and profile
comprise Interview, Use Case, Observation and
[30].
social analysis, Focus group, Brainstorming and
prototyping [17]. 2.4 Non-Functional Requirements Of Social
Media
2.2 Knowledge Sharing
Non-functional requirements are the constraints
Knowledge sharing is a process to share and
of the services provided by software system. With
exchange knowledge among individuals, teams and
different definition to functional requirements, the
organizations [4,5]. In this process, the knowledge
non-functional requirements are not directly
or resource are given by one individual or
describe the specific services of software system,
organization and received by another, actually, the
and they usually describe how good the software
knowledge should be passed between knowledge
system does. The constraints are involved of the
source and recipient [22]. Hence, knowledge
constraints on development process, standards, and
sharing involves senders, receivers and techniques
time [28].
[23].
The non-functional requirements in software
The knowledge sharing behaviors are discussed engineering are discussed by some authors. They
on some social media platform. From the are involved in usability, reliability, security,
perspective of why people decide to give or acquire availability, portability, operability, maintainability,
knowledge with others, the paper proposed flexibility, and efficiency [28, 31, 32, 33].
knowledge sharing behaviors including knowledge
contributing and knowledge collecting [24]. The
shared knowledge derives from the knowledge 3. RESEARCH MODEL AND HYPOTHESIS
owner, and received by knowledge demander, the
behaviors are involved knowledge transfer,
knowledge sending and knowledge receiving [8]. The research model is provided in Figure 1. This
The communication path for exchanging model is comprised of three components which are
knowledge, the identification of needs for Functional requirements, Non-Functional
knowledge, and the constraints for sharing requirements, and Perceived social media (SM) to
knowledge are highlighted before knowledge support knowledge sharing (KS). The purpose of
sharing [26]. In order to keep continued knowledge this paper is to identify the functional requirements
sharing, the factors of driving knowledge and non-functional requirements of social media
contribution and knowledge seeking are discussed towards supporting knowledge sharing.
[27]. Furthermore, this model is divided into two parts.
The first part is to explore the quantitative
2.3 Functional Requirements Of Social Media
relationship between the functional requirements
Social media are computer-mediated tools, and
and perceived SM to support KS. The second part
social media can be taken as high interactive
is to explore the quantitative relationship between
platform for people to create, share and exchange
non-functional requirements and perceived SM to
information, knowledge, and other resources [1, 2].
support requirement knowledge sharing (RKS).
Functional requirements describe what the
software system should do. The functional
requirements mainly are the statements of the Functional
services that the system should provide, how the requirements H1
system react to inputs, and how the system should
behave in some particular situations [28]. Perceived
There are six groups of functionalities of social SM to
network which are discussed to facilitate the Non- support RKS
modularization and integration of different social functional
network applications. The six basic functionalities requirements H2
consist of identity management, expert finding,
context awareness, contact management, network
Figure 1: Research Model
awareness, and exchange [29].
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3.1 Functional Requirements Of Social Media resist errors. Moreover, the software system need
Toward Knowledge Sharing developed easily to add new functionalities and
According to the definition of social media [1, delete unwanted capabilities. The set of non-
2], social media is taken as a tool to allow functional requirements leads to the following
individuals or organizations share and exchange hypothesis.
information or knowledge. The identification of H2: Non-Functional requirements are positively
information requirements is very important to related to Perceived social media to support
enhance knowledge sharing [26]. For requirements knowledge sharing.
elicitation and analysis, the developers and
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
customers must collaborate to get the right
requirements. They need to recognize the In this research, we carry out a primary study to
knowledge needed based on the tasks, the propose a model. In order to test the research
objectives, the constraints. The functionalities of model, a survey of using questionnaire was done.
new knowledge added, information changing, Furthermore, the method of partial least squares
knowledge providing, knowledge searching are (PLS) was used to evaluate the hypothesis and
important for knowledge sharing. Offering a research model.
consultation service is highlighted as a functional
requirement of knowledge sharing [34]. For sharing 4.1 Measurements
The items in this questionnaire were developed
knowledge with others, the individuals need the
based on literature review. Some items come from
functionalities of interaction, communication,
the core idea of other measures that were
discussion, commenting, and chatting. The
functional requirements related to knowledge previously validated; other items were developed
sharing are summarized as the followings: according to the relevant definition. There are three
constructs and 18 items in the research model, as
managing information, searching information,
shown in table 1. All variables were measured
notification of information changing, exchanging
using Likert scales (1= strongly disagree,
information and knowledge, communicating
information and knowledge, group discussion, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree).
comment, sharing and discussing. The set of Table 1: Questionnaire Items
functional requirements will lead to the
successfully sharing behaviors of software Construct Item Source
developers and customers at social media. This FR1 I believe social media
leads to the following hypothesis. should provide the
H1: Functional requirements are positively function for managing
related to Perceived social media to support information.
knowledge sharing. FR2 I believe social media
should provide the
function for searching
3.2 Non-functional Requirements Of Social information.
Media Toward Knowledge Sharing FR3 I believe social media
Adapted
should provide the
from
function for the
According to the definition of non-functional [29]
Functional notification of
requirements [28], these requirements are the
critical constraints to show how good the system requirements information changing
services are provided. Although knowledge sharing (e.g., updated profile
is a process of exchanging and sharing knowledge, information).
to achieve that, some non-functional requirements FR4 I believe social media
are demanded by individuals. Usability, which should provide the
describes how the software system designed to be function for
easily understood, learned, and used, is an exchanging
important non-functional requirement [35]. When information.
individuals share knowledge through social media, FR5 I believe social media
Adapted
they want the software system is secure for the should provide the
from
shared information and knowledge. They also hope function for
[10]
the responds from the software system are efficient. communicating
The software system need developed to be strong to
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variable and other latent variable (by row and by Table 6: Results of hypothesis testing
column). In Table 5, for each construct, the square Hypothesis Result
root of the AVE value was larger than the H1: Functional requirements are positively supported
correlation coefficient values with any other related to Perceived social media to support
variable; consequently, it was verifying the knowledge sharing
discriminant validity of this study. H2: Non-Functional requirements are Not supported
positively related to Perceived social media
5.2 Structural Model to support knowledge sharing.
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