Cambridge IGCSE™

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PHYSICS 0625/04
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) For examination from 2023

SPECIMEN PAPER 1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 9.8 N (acceleration of free fall = 9.8 m / s2).

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest.

30

speed 25
m/s
20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time t = 0 s.

acceleration = .......................................................... [3]

(b) Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time t = 100 s compares to the
acceleration at time t = 10 s.
Using ideas about forces, explain why any change in the acceleration has occurred.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time t = 1 0 s an time t = 1 0 s.

distance = .......................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

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2 (a) Complete the definitions by giving the name of each quantity.

mass × acceleration = ........................................................

force × time = ........................................................

[2]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a man using a golf club to hit a ball.

golf club ball

Fig. 2.2

The ball has a mass of 0.0  kg. The golf cl b is in contact with the ball for a ration of
5.0 × 10–4 s an the ball lea es the golf cl b at a spee of  m / s.

(i) Calculate the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club.

momentum = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact with the golf
club.

average force = .......................................................... [2]

(iii) While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes
shape.

State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2020

Question Answer Marks

1(a) mention of gradient of graph at t = 30 s OR tangent drawn at t = 30 s and triangle drawn OR values of t and v taken from C1
graph
Dv C1
α= OR calculation shown
Dt
acceleration in range 0.30 to 0.45 m / s2 A1
1(b) acceleration less / at a slower rate B1
less driving force OR greater resistive force / friction / air resistance / drag AND resultant force less B1
1(c) area under graph / area under line C1
1 1 C1
distance = (20 × 40) + ( × 40 × 10) OR × (30 + 20) × 40
2 2
1000 m A1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) force B1
impulse B1
2(b)(i) (p =) mv OR 0.046 × 65 C1
3.0 kg m / s OR 3.0 N s A1
2(b)(ii) C1
m (v − u ) 3.0 OR (v − u)
(F =) or a= and F = ma or
t 0.00050 t
0.046 # 65
or
0.00050
0.046 × 130 000

A1
6000 N OR 6000 N

2(b)(iii) elastic (energy) OR strain (energy) B1

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows solar cells that use radiation from the Sun to generate electrical power.

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) State the name of the process which releases energy in the Sun.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe what happens in this process.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Apart from solar cells, there are other energy resources used on Earth for which the radiation
from the Sun is the main source.

State the name of one of these energy resources and explain whether it is renewable.

name of energy resource ..........................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) State two advantages and two disadvantages of using solar cells to generate electrical
power.

advantage 1 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

advantage 2 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage 1 .........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

disadvantage 2 .........................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 9]
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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a balloon filled with helium that is used to lift measuring instruments to a great
height above the Earth’s surface.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Using ideas about momentum, explain how the atoms of helium produce a force on the wall
of the balloon.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) At ground level, the pressure of the helium in the balloon is 1.0 × 105  a. The ol me of the
heli m is 9.  m3.

The balloon is release an it rises ickl thro gh the atmosphere. The ol me of the heli m
increases. The temperature of the helium remains constant.

(i) Explain why the pressure in the balloon decreases as the balloon rises.
You should refer to helium atoms in your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) alc late the press re of the heli m when its ol me is 1  m3.

pressure = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2023

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) nuclear fusion B1
3(a)(ii) nuclei combine / join together B1
small nuclei to larger nuclei OR hydrogen to helium (in some way) OR loss of mass B1
3(b) any suitable resource, e.g. fossil fuels; hydroelectric; wave; wind NOT geothermal, nuclear M1
renewable OR not (according answer) AND matching explanation A1
3(c) any two advantages from: no polluting gases / quiet / low maintenance / can be placed on roofs / clean / cheap to run B2
any two disadvantages from: intermittent supply / unattractive / takes up space / uses land / d.c. output B2

Question Answer Marks

4(a) atoms collide with wall (and rebound) OR atoms rebound from wall B1
(atoms) undergo change of momentum C1
force on wall = (total) rate of change of momentum (of atoms) A1
OR = change of momentum (of atoms) per second
OR = change of momentum (of atoms) / time
4(b)(i) fewer atoms per unit volume OR density of gas less B1
rate of collision (with walls of balloon) decreases OR fewer collisions per unit area B1
4(b)(ii) P1 V1 1.0 # 105 # 9.6 C1
PV = constant OR P1V1 = P2V2 OR (P2 =) OR
V2 12
8.0 × 104 Pa A1

Question Answer Marks

5(a) arrangement: B2
Ice: in lattice / regular / arranged / orderly / fixed in place
Water: random / irregular / not arranged / not orderly

motion:
Ice: vibrate
Water: move (around) or slide over each other
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5 (a) Compare the arrangement and motion of the particles in ice and in liquid water.

arrangement .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

motion .......................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) lake has a la er of ice on its s rface. The area of the lake is 1800 m2. The ice has a
thickness of 0.0  m. The ensit of ice is 9 0 kg / m3.

(i) alc late the mass of ice on the lake.

mass = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) t night the temperat re of the ice on the lake falls b .   .

The specific heat capacity of ice is 2.1 × 103   / kg  .
Calculate the change in energy as the temperature falls.

energy = .......................................................  

[Total: 6]

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2020

Question Answer Marks

5(b)(i) m C1
d= in any form OR (m =) Vd OR 1800 × 0.025 × 920
V
41 000 kg A1
5(b)(ii) (∆E =) cm∆θ OR 2.1 × 103 × 41 000 × 3.5 C1
3.0 × 108 (J) A1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) any two rays that start at the top of the image from: M2
• seems to come from F1 to lens and emerges paraxially
• passes through centre of lens undeviated
• paraxial to the lens and passes through F2
two correct rays traced back and image indicated A1
6(a)(ii) any two of: enlarged / inverted / real underlined B1
enlarged AND inverted AND real underlined B1
6(b) refracted ray in prism below yellow ray AND above normal B1
emergent ray diverging away from the yellow ray AND outside of prism B1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) 330–350 m / s B1
7(b) v (a) C1
v = fλ OR (f =) OR
m 0.022
Correct answer: e.g. 330 m / s gives 15 000 Hz A1
7(c) use of transducer to send and receive pulses of ultrasound B1
(display used to determine) time for echo of pulse to return from front AND back of bubble B1
use of speed of sound in the metal B1
use of distance = speed × time to calculate position and size B1

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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a converging lens and its principal axis. The points F1 and F2 are each a
principal focus of the lens.

O
principal axis

F1 F2

Fig. 6.1

An object O is placed between F1 and the lens.

(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw two rays from the top of the object O to locate the image.
Label the image I. [3]

(ii) The object O is moved to the left along the principal axis so that it is further from the lens
than F1.

Fig. 6.2 is a diagram of the new arrangement with the new image shown.

F1 F2

principal axis

image

Fig. 6.2

Underline three of the terms below that describe the image shown in Fig. 6.2.

diminished enlarged inverted real same size upright virtual

[2]

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(b) Fig. 6.3 shows yellow light passing through a glass prism.

Fig. 6.3

Blue light enters the prism along the same path as the yellow light.

On Fig. 6.3, draw the path of the blue light as it enters, passes through and leaves the prism.
[2]

[Total: 7]

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7 (a) State a typical value for the speed of sound in air.

speed = .......................................................... [1]

(b) so n wa e in air has a wa elength of  mm.

Using your value for the speed of sound in (a), calculate the frequency of the sound wave.

frequency = .......................................................... [2]

(c) ig. .1 shows a soli block ma e from hot li i metal. s the li i coole a b bble forme
inside the block. The b bble is not isible from o tsi e the block.

bubble inside
metal block

metal
block

Fig. 7.1

Describe and explain how to use ultrasound to determine the size and position of the bubble
insi e the metal block. o ma raw on the iagram.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 7]

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8 Fig. 8.1 is a circuit diagram.

24 V

8.0 ! 4.0 !

Y Z
6.0 !

Fig. 8.1

(a) Calculate the combined resistance between Y and Z.

resistance = .......................................................... [4]

(b) alc late the potential ifference (p. . across the 8.0 Ω resistor.

p.d. = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2023

Question Answer Marks

8(a) RS = RA + RB in any form OR (RS =) RA + RB OR (RS =) 4 + 8 C1
(RS =) 12 (Ω) C1
1 C1
(RP =) in any form
b 1 +
1 l
RS RC
RS RC
OR (RP =)
(RS + RC)
1 (6 # 12)
OR (RP =) OR (RP =)
18
d + n
1 1
12 6
(RP =) 4.0 Ω A1
8(b) C1
V8 = supply V × d n OR = 24 × d n
8 8
12 12
(V8 =) 16 V A1
OR alternative route C1
supply V 24
I8 = OR = OR = 2 (A)
12 12
(V8 = 2 × 8 =) 16 V A1

Question Answer Marks

9(a) ball gets –ve charge (from –ve plate) B1
–ve(ly charged ball) attracted to +ve / repelled from –ve B1
9(b) particles: electrons B1
direction: from left to right (through ammeter) B1

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a conducting ball that oscillates between two charged plates.

clamp
insulating
thread

positive plate
negative plate

ball

+ –

very high sensitive

voltage supply ammeter

Fig. 9.1

As the ball oscillates, it touches each plate in turn.

(a) Referring to the charge on the ball, explain why the ball moves to the positive plate after
touching the negative plate.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) State which particles move when there is a current and state the direction in which they move
through the sensitive ammeter.

particles: ...................................................................................................................................

direction: ...................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) For each complete oscillation of the ball moving between the plates, a charge of 8.5 × 10–10 C
is transferre from one plate to the other. The fre enc of oscillation is .0  .

Calculate the current shown on the sensitive ammeter.

current = .......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2020

Question Answer Marks

9(c) Q C1
Q = It in any form OR words, numbers, symbols
t
8.5 # 10-10 C1
correct use of f = 4 Hz OR T = 0.25 s i.e. 8.5 × 10–10 × 4 OR
0.25
(I =) 3.4 × 10–9 A A1

Question Answer Marks

10(a)(i) 237
Np B1
93

4
a B1
2

10(a)(ii) gamma and beta will not produce enough ions / ion pairs per cm B1
14 14 14
10(b) (No of Am atoms remaining = 8 × 10 – 6 × 10 ) = 2 × 10 C1
4 × 1014 (Am atoms remain after 470 yrs or 1 half-life) C1
(2 × 1014 Am atoms remain after) 940 yrs or 2 half-lives A1

Question Answer Marks

11(a) hydrogen gas in stellar cloud / nebula pulled together by gravity B1
temperature of hydrogen increases AND a protostar is formed B1
nuclear fusion begins and outward force from this reaction balances inward force of gravity B1
11(b) any three from: B3
microwave radiation is observed at all points in space around the Earth o.w.t.t.e.
radiation was produced when the Universe was formed
this radiation has expanded into the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum
this is evidence that the Universe expanded

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10 (a) (i) n americi m ( m n cle s eca s b the emission of an particle into a nept ni m
(Np) nucleus.

Complete the nuclear equation for this decay.

241
95
Am →
[2]

(ii) merici m is se in smoke etectors.

Explain why beta (β) emitters or gamma (γ) emitters are not se in smoke etectors.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The half-life of this americium nuclide is 470 years. A sample of this nuclide contains
8.0 × 1014 atoms. After some time, 6.0 × 1014 americium atoms have decayed.

Calculate the time required for this decay.

time = .......................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

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11 (a) Describe and explain how a stable star is formed.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) escribe an e plain what can be e ce from cosmic microwa e backgro n ra iation
(CMBR).

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 6]

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12 Fig. 12.1 shows a transformer.

240 V
mains

8000
turns

Fig. 12.1

There are 8000 turns in the primary coil of the transformer. The primary coil is connected to a
0  mains s ppl . .0  lamp connecte to the secon ar coil operates at f ll brightness.

(a) Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.

number of turns = .......................................................... [2]

(b) The c rrent in the lamp is .0  . The transformer operates with 100 efficienc .

Calculate the current in the primary circuit.

current = .......................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 0625/04/SP/23

0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2023

Question Answer Marks

12(a) Ns Vs Np # Vs 8000 # 6
C1
= in any form OR (Ns =) OR
Np Vp Vp 240

200 A1
12(b) Is # Vs 2 .0 # 6 C1
IpVp = IsVs in any form OR (Ip =) OR
Vp 240

0.050 A A1

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Cambridge IGCSE™

PHYSICS 0625/04
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) For examination from 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 80

Specimen

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

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0625/04 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme For examination
SPECIMEN from 2020

Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific
content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking
principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

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SPECIMEN from 2023

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade
descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.
2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.
3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).
4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.
5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

• The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
• Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
• Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
• Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
• Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a × 10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1 and
10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.
7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

Mark categories

B marks These are independent marks, which do not depend on other marks. For a B mark to be awarded, the point to which it refers must be
seen specifically in the candidate’s answer.
M marks These are method marks upon which A marks later depend. For an M mark to be awarded, the point to which it refers must be seen
specifically in the candidate’s answer. If a candidate is not awarded an M mark, the later A mark cannot be awarded either.
C marks These are compensatory marks which can be awarded even if the points to which they refer are not written down by the candidate,
providing subsequent working gives evidence that they must have known them. For example, if an equation carries a C mark and the
candidate does not write down the actual equation but does correct working which shows the candidate knew the equation, then the C
mark is awarded.
If a correct answer is given to a numerical question, all of the preceding C marks are awarded automatically. It is only necessary to
consider each of the C marks in turn when the numerical answer is not correct.
A marks These are answer marks. They may depend on an M mark or allow a C mark to be awarded by implication.

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Abbreviations and guidance

/ Alternative answers for the same marking point.

underline Actual word underlined must be used by candidate (grammatical variants accepted).
(brackets) The word or phrase in brackets is not required but sets the context.
AND / and Statements on both sides of the AND are needed for that mark.
OR / or Indicates alternative answers, any one of which is satisfactory for scoring the marks.
NOT / not Indicates that an incorrect answer is not to be disregarded but cancels another otherwise correct alternative offered by the
candidate for this mark.
Accept / Acc A less than ideal answer which should be marked correct.
Ignore / Ig Indicates that something which is not correct or irrelevant is to be disregarded.
e.c.f. ‘error carried forward’
o.w.t.t.e. ‘or words to that effect’
s.f. ‘significant figures’ – answers are normally acceptable to any number of significant figures ⩾ 2. Any exceptions to this general
rule will be specified in the mark scheme.
Arithmetic errors If the only error in arriving at a final answer is clearly an arithmetic one, all but the final A mark can be awarded. Regard a
power of ten error as an arithmetic error.
Transcription errors If the only error in arriving at a final answer is because given or previously calculated data has clearly been misread but used
correctly, all but the final A mark can be awarded.
Fractions Only accept these where specified in the mark scheme.
Crossed-out work Work which has been crossed out and not replaced but can easily be read, should be marked as if it had not been crossed
out.

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SPECIMEN from 2020

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