GLOBAL

CITY


Learning Outcomes:
After the end of reporting, we should be able to:

1. Explain why do we need to study global cities;

2. Define what global city is;
3. Identify the attributes of a global city;
4. Analyze how cities serve as engine of globalization;
and
5. Discuss the inequality in the global cities.
 Introduction
The notion of "global city" has a place in
understanding contemporary spatial patterns
of globalization: the ways it impacts on local
life is nowhere more visible than in the global
city.
why Study Global Cities?
Globalization is spatial because:
1. It occurs in physical spaces
2. What makes globalization move is the fact
that it is based on places
Percentage Living in the Urban Areas
20% 60%

2050

2014

1950

0 25 50 75
Defining the Global
City
 Sociologist Saskia Sassen identified
three global cities, namely:
1 2 3

NEW YORK LONDON TOKYO

All of which are hubs of global finance and capitalism.

 Global City
> the main physical and geographic playground of
the globalizing forces: in this space of population
concentration and mixing the global flows of
people, capital and ideas are woven into the daily
life experiences of its residents.
INDICATORS
FOR
GLOBALITY
1. The foremost characteristics
is ECONOMIC POWER
 > New York may have the largest stock market in the
world, but Tokyo houses the most number of corporate
headquarters (613 company headquarters as against 217
in New York)
> Shanghai may have a smaller stock market compared
to New York and Tokyo, but it has the world's busiest
container port, moving over 33 million container units in
2013.
 2. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES in a
global city make it attractive to
talents from across the world.
> Since the 1970s, many of
the Top IT programmers and
engineers from Asia have
moved to San Francisco Bay
Area to become some of the
key figures in Silicon Valley's
technology boom.
 2. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES in a
global city make it attractive to
talents from across the world.

> London remains a preferred

destination for many Filipinos
with nursing degrees.
 3. To measure the
ECONOMIC
COMPETITIVENESS of a
city, the Economist
Intelligence Unit has
added other criteria
like market size,
purchasing power of
citizens, size of the
middle class, and
potential for growth.
 > Tiny" Singapore is considered Asia's
most competitive city because of its
strong market, efficient and
incorruptible government, and livability. It
also houses the regional offices of many
major global corporations.
 4. Global Cities are also CENTERS
OF AUTHORITY.
> Washington D.C. may not be
as wealthy as New York, but it
is the seat of American state
power. Its major landmarks are
the White House, the Capitol
Building (Congress), Supreme
Court, Lincoln Memorial, and
Washington Monument.
> Compared with Sydney and Melbourne,
Canberra is a sleepy town and not
attractive to tourists, but as Australia's
political capital, it is home to the
country's top politicians, bureaucrats, and
policy advisors.
 5. The cities that house major international
organizations may also be considered centers of
political influence.
> New York- headquarters of
United Nations
> Brussels- headquarters of the
European Union
>Jakarta- not just capital of
Indonesia, but also the location of
the headquarters of the ASEAN
>Frankfurt- where the European
Central Bank is Located
 6. Finally, global cities are center of higher learning
and culture
> New York City- where we can find New York
Times
> Australia- having leading English-language
universities
> Boston- where we can visit the Harvard University
> Los Angeles- center of American film industry
> Copenhagen- one of the culinary capitals of the
world
> Manchester- prominent post-punk a New Wave
bands hailed in this city
> Singapore- house of the region's top TV stations
and news organization
CULTURAL
DIVERSITY
 CULTURAL
DIVERSITY
> A key marker of the global city and a
consequence of human mobility and migration
> Usually detected on the surface as a
"cosmopolitan feel": the global city's "natives"
encountering an engaging daily with a variety
of immigrant and visitors
 CULTURAL
DIVERSITY
> The results are:
Cosmopolitan consumption
Cosmopolitan work culture,
Global networking, and,
Global transnational community relations
COSMOPOLITANISM
> A phenomenon most readily associated with the
global city: large, diverse cities attract people,
material and cultural products from all over the
world
> Its idea usually invokes pleasant images of travel,
exploration and "wordly" pursuits enjoyed by those
who have benefited from globalization and who can
consider themselves "citizens of the world"
COSMOPOLITANISM
> In the capitalist context, it often focuses on
consumption in global cities, where everyday life is
significantly shaped by commercial culture, retail and
shopping. (Zukin, 1998)
COSMOPOLITANISM
> the global city also provides a cosmopolitan
variety of cultural products by engaging with their
"original cultures" through movies, music, and other
events, in the company of their compatriots
Hollywood and Bollywood nowadays coexist in
every global metropolis
World music is on offer alongside classical music
of the concert halls
COSMOPOLITANISM
> However, the cosmopolitan consumption in all its
richness and variety that a global city has to
offer requires time and money
> Most are short of either the time or money
required for the full enjoyment of the benefits
of living in and consuming the global city
 Tourists
> A constant and visible
presence in global cities,
are the only people fully
devoted to cosmopolitan
consumption during their
short, hyper-mobile
unreality known as "
(overseas) holiday"
Downsides in the Global City
High housing costs A fear od strangers
Long working hours and crime after dark
Competitive and Residential hyper-
precarious labor market mobility
Long commuting times Challenges of
Urban anonymity and neighborliness and
relative social isolation multiculturalism
The Global City and the Poor
As a city attracts more capital and richer
residents, real estate prices go up and poor
residents are forced to relocate to far
away but cheaper areas. This phenomenon of
driving out the poor in favor of newer,
wealthier residents is called "gentrification."
 The Global City and the Poor

In places like New

In France, poor Globalization
York, there are
Muslim migrants are creates high-
high-rolling
forced out of Paris income jobs that
investment bankers
and have clustered are concentrated
whose children are
around ethnic in global cities
raised by Filipina
enclaves as
maids.
banlieue.

A large global city may thus be a paradise for some, but a purgatory for others.
 Global City- A dream and a
Nightmare

Global city attracts migrants and visitors

but it does not accept all newcomers with
the same welcome and it does not treat all
its residents with the same benevolence.
 Global City- A dream and a
Nightmare
Globe-trotting business people and highly
paid professionals may be living a
cosmopolitan dream, while mostly hidden
from sight in the global city are its
marginal dwellers.
 Global City's Marginal Dwellers
Sweat-shop workers
Poorly paid labor in the grey economy
Asylum seekers
Undocumented immigrants
Women trafficked for sex work
Drug dealers and addicts
The homeless
 CONCLUSION
Global cities are sites and medium of globalization.
They are material representations of the
phenomenon. They are places that create exciting
fusions of culture and wealth. However, they
remain sites of great, inequality, where global
servants serve global entrepreneurs.
THANK
YOU