Compositepresentation 140318211701 Phpapp02

University of Engineering and Technology,
Peshawar
Materials Engineering Department
Presented By:
Mohsin Ali Marwat
Presented To:
Dr. Rizwan Gul
Contents
• Introduction
• General Properties and Microstructure
• Classifications
• Processing Methods
• Applications
• Trade Names
• Availability in Pakistan
Introduction Definition
A materials system composed of a mixture or combination
of two or more micro or macro- constituents that differ in
form and chemical composition and are essentially
insoluble in each other.
Composite
Materials General Properties:
•High Strength-to-weight ratio
•Corrosion Resistance
•Wear Resistance
•Greater fatigue Life
•Low electrical conductivity
•Anisotropic
•Lower cost
•Easy processing
•Covers almost all application areas
Introduction Factors affecting Microstructure and properties of
composites
• Type of Reinforcement
Composite • Reinforcement size and its Orientation

Materials
• Matrix Type
• Fiber-Volume-Fraction (FVF)
• Direction of loading
• Bonding between Reinforcement and matrix

Classification Classification
1. On the basis of Reinforcement

– Size:
Composites
Composite
Materials
Particulate Fiber Laminate
– Type of Fibers:
• Aramid
• Glass
• Carbon
2. On the basis of matrix

– PMC
– MMC
– CMC
Classification • Particulates:
– Equal sized, spherical reinforcement material
– Imparts least anisotropic property to composite
• Fibers:
Reinforcement – Long relative to particulates
• Laminates: Figure: Honey Comb Structure

– Layer-by-layer Structure
– Honey Comb Structure (HCS)
• Honey comb cells are filled with flexible material.
• Higher strength, Stiffness along the columnar side
(Upside) of the HCS.
• Lower strength when pressed from sides.
Classification
Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
Material having Metal as a matrix material in

composites is called a Metal matrix composite.
Matrix
Materials •High Tensile Strength
•High Specific Gravity
•High Toughness (For Large diameter Fiber)
•High Creep Resistance
•High Elastic Modulus
•Examples:
– Boron/Aluminum Composite
– SiC/Aluminum Composite
Classification MMC
Matrix
Materials
Classification Diffusion Bonding
Matrix
Materials
Classification Ceramic Matrix Composites
Material having Ceramic as a matrix material in
composites is called a ceramic matrix composite.
Properties:
•High strength
Matrix
•Hardness
Materials
•High service temperature
•Chemical inertness
•Low density
Matrix SiC Whisker Flexural Fracture
Content (Vol%) Strength (MPa) Toughness
(Mpa/(m) ½
Si3N4 0 400-650 5-7
10 400-500 6.5-9.5
30 350-450 7.5-10
Al2O3 0 ------ 4.5
10 400-510 7.1
20 520-790 7.5-9.0
Source: “Engineered Materials Handbook”, Vol 1, Composite, ASM, 1987
Classification Ceramic
CeramicMatrix
MatrixComposite
Compositeand
andNanotechnology
Nanotechnology
 80-85% Alumina
 5-10% Carbon Nanotubes
 5% finely Milled Niobium Sintered and Densified
Matrix
Materials
Properties:
 High Fracture Strengths i.e. Five times greater than
Alumina
 Ten trillion times greater conduction of Electricity than
pure alumina
 Conducts heat if C fibers are oriented parallel to the heat
flow
 Insulate heat if C fibers are oriented perpendicular to the
heat flow
Classification Polymer Matrix Composites
Material having Polymer as a matrix material in

composites is called a Polymer matrix
Matrix composite.
Materials
Properties
•Ease of Fabrication
•Lower cost
•Polymer phase increases
– Elastic Modulus
– Yield Strength
– Tensile Strength
– Creep Resistance
Processing 1. Hand Lay-Up
– Simplest method
– Multiple layering for achieving desired

thickness
Methods – Hand roller is used for

• Compaction of the structure
• Removal of air bubbles
– Applications: Boat hulls, tanks, housing and

building panels
Processing 2. Spray-Up Process:
– Combination of Chopper and Spray Gun
– Catalyzed resin + chopped fibers Spray
– Multiple layering for achieving desired thickness

Methods
Processing 3. Filament Winding
Resin bath
Methods
Roving or tow Roving guide
package
Rotating
Mandrel
 Continuous technique  Increasing tension on bands

 Band of fibers  Applications: cylindrical products
 Successive layering  Lowering resin viscosity
 Seven axis of rotations
Processing 4. Vacuum Bagging
• Placing fabric into the mold
• Making it airtight by Polyethylene bag

Methods • Adding resin inside
• Resin spreads
• Impregnates the fibers

Processing 5. Prepreg
• Fibers + partially cured Resin
• Available in the form of tapes

Methods
• Easy to apply
Processing
6. Compression Molding
• Charge: uncured resin and fibers
• Mold: Tool Steel
Methods • Placing the charge into the mold cavity
• Closing the mold and compressing the charge
• Charge uniformly fills the mold cavity
• Charge is heated under pressure for curing

Processing 7. Pultrusion
• Pull + Extrusion
• Fibers are impregnate with resin
• Preheating of fibers
Methods
• pulled through a heated Die (Extrusion)
• Curing in “Curing Die”
Processing 8. Sheet Molding Compound (SMC)
• Spreading resin and filler paste on a carrier film
• Sprinkling Chopped fibers
• Spreading another resin and filler paste layer
Methods • Compacting and removing air entrapped via compact
mills
• Storing on the Take-Up Roll
Applications
Trade Names
Manufacturer:
– CYTEC
– Automative Armor Manufacturer (AAM)
– 3Tex Inc. (3d fiber designing)
– Avanced Carbon Technology Inc.
– Dupont
– Bayliner (GFRP Boats)
Product Trade Names:

– TEAM V (GFRP Boats)
– Nomex (Solid Surfaces)
– CORIAN (THERMAL PROTECTIVE FIBERS)
– PRO V II (GFRP Boats)
– DANISCO (FOOD BEVERAGES)
– KEVLAR
– TYVEK (CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY)
Availability in Pakistan
• Sami Fiber Glass

• Fiber Master
• Industrial Techno International
• Matrix Private Limited
• Pioneer Fiber Glass
• Mianjee Fiber Glass Work
• Institutes (providing facility composite Works)

– PIEAS
– IST
– NUST
– GIKI
– UET Lahore

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University of Engineering and Technology,

• General Properties and Microstructure

Composite • Reinforcement size and its Orientation

• Bonding between Reinforcement and matrix

1. On the basis of Reinforcement

2. On the basis of matrix

• Laminates: Figure: Honey Comb Structure

Material having Metal as a matrix material in

Material having Polymer as a matrix material in

– Multiple layering for achieving desired

Methods – Hand roller is used for

– Applications: Boat hulls, tanks, housing and

– Catalyzed resin + chopped fibers Spray

– Multiple layering for achieving desired thickness

 Continuous technique  Increasing tension on bands

• Placing fabric into the mold

• Making it airtight by Polyethylene bag

• Impregnates the fibers

• Fibers + partially cured Resin

• Available in the form of tapes

• Charge: uncured resin and fibers

• Mold: Tool Steel

Methods • Placing the charge into the mold cavity

• Closing the mold and compressing the charge

• Charge uniformly fills the mold cavity

• Charge is heated under pressure for curing

Product Trade Names:

• Sami Fiber Glass

• Institutes (providing facility composite Works)

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