 However, he might need professional help

PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION

and guidance so as to bring about these
(Community Health Education)
changes and to sustain these altered
Health education is any combination of learning lifestyles
experiences designed to help individuals and CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
communities improve their health, by increasing their
knowledge or influencing their attitudes (WHO) Human Biology:

 The effects of alcohol, smoking, resuscitation

Health education has been used interchangeably with: and first aid are also taught.
Nutrition:
Behavior change communication
 Eighth WHO Expert Committee on nutrition
Information, Education & Communication (IEC)
stated that education in nutrition is a major
Objectives of Health Education strategic method for the prevention of
malnutrition.
Hygiene:
 PERSONAL HYGIENE includes bathing,
clothing, washing hands and toilet; care of
feet, nails and teeth; spitting, coughing,
sneezing, personal appearance and inculcation
of clean habits in the young.

ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE:

Objectives:

a) to educate the people in the principles of

Objectives of Health Education (2) environmental health with a view to bring about
desired changes in health practices
INFORMING PEOPLE: b) to secure adoption, wide use and maintenance
 people are informed about the different
of environmental health facilities, and
diseases, their etiology and how to prevent
c) to promote active participation of the people in
them. planning, construction and operational stages of
MOTIVATING PEOPLE:
environmental improvements.
 concerned with clarifying/changing or forming
attitudes, beliefs, values or opinions. After Family Health Care:
health information is given, it is necessary to  The aim of health education is to strengthen
motivate them alter their lifestyles so that it and improve the quality of life of the family as
becomes favorable to promoting health and a unit so that it can survive the vicissitudes of
preventing disease. rapid and complex social changes.
 MOTIVATION is defined as "a combination of
forces which initiate, direct and sustain Control of Communicable and Non- communicable
behavior Diseases:
GUIDING IN TO ACTION:  People are encouraged to participate in
 concerned with development of skills and programmes of disease control, health
action. protection and promotion.
 A person who has obtained health
information might be motivated to change
his behavior and lifestyle.
Mental health:
 Components:
 The aim of education in mental health is to help
1. motivation
people to keep mentally healthy and to prevent
2. communication
a mental breakdown
3. decision making
Prevention of Accidents  results slow, but permanent and enduring.
 Sufficient time for an individual to bring about
 occur in three main areas: the home, road and
changes and learning new facts as well as
the place of work.
unlearning wrong information as well.
 Safety education should be directed to these

areas.
APPROACH IN HEALTH EDUCATION
 It should be the concern of the engineering
department and also the responsibility of the  Since individuals vary so much in their socio-
police department to enforce rules of road economic conditions, traditions, attitudes,
safety. beliefs and level of knowledge
 Management must provide a safe environment,  A single approach may not be suitable.
and promote general order and cleanliness.  Combination of approaches must be evolved
depending upon local circumstances
Use of Health Services
Health Education VS Propaganda
 inform the public about the health services
that are available in the community, and how to PROPAGANDA
use them.
 defined by Webster as ideas or statements
 They should not be misused or abused
that are often false or exaggerated and that
APPROACH IN HEALTH EDUCATION are spread in order to help a cause, a political
leader, a government, etc.
1. Regulatory Approach (Managed Prevention)
2. Service Approach
3. Educational Approach
4. Primary health care Approach

Legal or Regulatory Approach

 Any governmental intervention, direct or

indirect, designed to alter human behaviour

Service Approach

 Intends to provide all the health facilities

needed by the people at their door steps on
the assumption that people would use them to
improve their own health.
 Limitation: not based on the felt-needs of
people

Educational Approach

 Most effective
 Gives autonomy towards their own lives
 Principles of Health Education

1. Community involvement in planning health

education is essential. Without community
involvement the chances of any programme
succeeding are slim.
2. The promotion of self-esteem should be an
integral component of all health education
programmes.
3. Voluntarism is ethical principle on which all
health education programme should be built
without its health education programmes
become propaganda.
o Health education should not seek to
coerce but should rather aim to
facilitate informed choice.
4. Health education should respect cultural
norms and take account of the economic and
environmental constraints face by people. It
should seek positively to enhance respect for
all. Methods of Health Education
5. Good human relations are of utmost importance
in learning. 1. Individual approach
6. Evaluation needs to be an integral part of 2. Group approach
health education. o chalk and talk
7. There should be a responsibility for the o symposium
accuracy of information and the o group discussion
appropriateness of methods used. o panel discussion
8. Every health campaign needs reinforcement. o workshop
o Repetition of messages at intervals is o conferences or seminars
useful o role playing/socio drama
o demonstrations
Educational Aids Used in Health Education
3. Mass approach
1. Audio
Various Mass Media Used Are
2. Visuals
3. Audio Visuals o Television
o Radio
o Newspaper/Press
o Documentary Films
o Posters
o Health Exhibitions
o Health Magazines
o Health Information Booklets
o Internet
 PLAQUE CONTROL Gram positive, thick, single cell wall, retain
PLAQUE purple color when stained in a dye known as
 is a clear sticky gelatinous aggregation of crystal violet
bacterial colonies which adhere on the Gram negative, double cell wall, do not stain
surfaces of the teeth and gingival tissue purple, associated in tissue destruction seen in
periodontitis
 It is not a unidimensional or even single entity.
Disclosing agent- identify presence of plaque
Plaque appears to be associated with:
o initiation dental caries
o formation of calculus DENTRIFICES (toothpaste)
o inflammatory responses
A. Active Ingredient
Substances most frequently implicated with plaque
1. fluoride
Enzymes- capable of hydrolyzing intercellular
safe fluoride content for over-the-counter
substances. (amylopectin)
dentifrices is 0.22 percent for sodium, 0.76 percent
Toxins- particularly bacterial endotoxins
for monofluorophospate and 0.4 percent for stannous
capable of lysing tissue cells and thus releasing
intercellular inflammatory products. 2. Antimicrobial dentifrices
Inflammatory antibodies- resulting from a) stannous salts
reaction of the tissue cells with antigenic b) triclosan –broad spectrum phosphate and
bacterial components. disodium dihydrogen
c) anti-tartar – tetrasodium phosphate and
Cycle of plaque formation
disodium dihydrogen
Pellicle- deposition of a thin mucoprotein coat d) ant hypersensitivity agents – potassium
on the tooth surface nitrate, strontium chloride and sodium citrate
Biofilm/colonies- pellicle serves as nidus for B. Inactive ingredients
the attachment of microorganism
1. humectants – prevent drying of dentifrice,
Calculus- mineralization and production of
glycerin and sorbitol
extracellular products for plaque adhesion
2. Preservatives – prolong shelf life, alcohol and
begins from tooth surface and proceeds
benzoates
outward
3. Flavoring agents – menthol
Salivary glues/protein- dextran and Levan
4. Foaming agents – sodium lauryl sulfate
5. Coloring agents – vegetable dyes
Types of Plaque
6. Thickening agent – alginate (prevent separation
1. supragingival of solid and liquid agents)
2. subgingival
MOUTH RINSES

Types

1. Cosmetic – reduce oral malodor

2. Therapeutic – reduce some disease in the mouth
 Ingredients: :

1. Oxygenating agents – cleanses by effervescent 4. Foods - such as onions, garlic or cauliflower,

action, short lasting antimicrobial effect, which induce certain odors. However, these
hydrogen peroxide. effects are only short-lived.
2. Chlorhexidine gluconate – inhibits and reduces
development of plaque.
3. Phenolic – related essential oils – reduces both
plaque accumulation, bitter taste and burning
sensation
4. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds – central
halitosis.
5. Sanguinarine – antigingivitis
6. Fluoride – antiplaque
7. 1.2% Chlorhexidine – Perio guard, orahex
8. 1% Hexetidine – appliance
9. Zinc Chloride with cetylpyridinium- halitosis

Volatile Sulfur Compound and Halitosis

Sulfur sulfide
Methyl mercaptan

Apart from the Sulphur-producing bacteria that

colonize the back of the tongue,
the other major causes of halitosis are:

Dental factors – such as periodontitis

(infection around the teeth) or poor oral
hygiene
Dry mouth – caused by medicines, alcohol,
stress or a medical condition
Smoking – which starves the mouth of oxygen.

Less common causes of halitosis include:

1. Acid and bile reflux from the stomach

2. Post-nasal discharge – for example, due to
chronic sinusitis
3. Kidney failure, various carcinomas, metabolic
dysfunctions, and biochemical disorders,
together account for only a very small
percentage of halitosis suffers