A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:

Challenges and Sustainable Solutions 21

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1. Profile of Respondents According to Socio-economic Characteristics

1.1 Education

Table 1 shows the profile of respondents according to education. There were 104

high school graduates-respondents part taking the biggest number at 28%. Moreover, the

26.9% been garnered by the interviewees who finished their studies as elementary

graduates. Placing to the 3rd to 5th of the line-ups are those who is under high school level,

college graduate and college level. While the remaining percentages, 5.4 and 1.1% been

taken by respondents’ clusters of elementary level and vocational courses. Based on the

results shown, it can be stated that (ADD EXPLANATION)

Table 1

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Education

Education Frequency Percent

Elementary Level 20 5.4%
Elementary Graduate 100 26.9%
High School Level 54 14.5%
High School Graduate 104 28.0%
College Level 40 10.8%
College Graduate 50 13.4%
Vocational 4 1.1%
Total 372 100.0%
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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1.2 Employment

The table below shows the differences of the respondents with respect to their

employment. It can be seen that majority of the results were self-employed with a

percentage of 91.4%. The 4.8 and 3.8% were gathered by the other two in the table,

which are Government Employee and Private Employee, respectively. This datum proves

the fact that the main source of living of the citizen of San Isidro is farming. Typically,

the respondents either owned pieces of land for farming or work for the farm owners. In

addition, some of them said that it is their only source of income because they only finish

high school or elementary, thus not being employed in government and any private

sectors.

Table 2

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Employment

Employment Frequency Percent

Self Employed 340 91.4%
Government Employee 18 4.8%
Private Employee 14 3.8%
Total 372 100.0%

1.3 Household Size

Household size is a big factor for accumulating data to determine the kind of

living of every families. Mostly, those families having big numbers are not totally

satisfied and experiencing shortage in terms of their needs. From Table 1, by dividing the

total populations of each barangay to their corresponding household sizes, it can be

determined that the average size of household to the whole municipality of San Isidro,
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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which is five (5). This was proven in this study that shows the highest percentage was

from the household size of five (5) with a percentage of 24.5%.

Table 3

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Household Size

Household Size Frequency Percent

1 7 1.9%
2 22 5.9%
3 52 14.0%
4 89 23.9%
5 91 24.5%
6 59 15.9%
7 25 6.7%
8 11 3.0%
more than 8 16 4.3%
Total 372 100.0%

1.4 Housing

According to table 2, most of their incomes are coming from farming to their own

land and we can say that it plays a big correlation to the housing aspect. As it illustrates,

95.4% are living on their houses and while the remaining percent lies to renting. San

Isidro is mostly for residential land use and the residents have been living in this area for

a very long time. Unlike in cities, acquiring land in this area is less expensive that is why

residents can afford their own housing. Moreover, through ocular inspection, it can be

distinguished that the Municipality in focus is in attach in agricultural feature of living.

A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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Table 3

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Housing

Housing Frequency Percent

Rented 17 4.6%
Owned 355 95.4%
Total 372 100.0%

1.5 Monthly Income

The tabulation shown below displays the differences in frequency and percentage

in terms of the respondents’ monthly income. From the earlier discussions, it shows that

most of the interviewees were only graduated in high school (28%) and elementary

(26.9%). And it can never deny the fact that education may leads for better production.

As you can see from the table, mostly, the respondents’ income only nailed at 5k to 10k

Php (45.7%). It reflects their source of income which is farming, and how the season

serves as a big factor into their incomes. It can be also stated that the land ownership has

a big effect into their living. From the table 5, incomes less than 5k and 5k to 10k Php

placed at 3rd and 2nd. While the lowest, having salary around 40k to 50k Php garnered

only 0.3%.
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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Table 5

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Monthly Income

Monthly Income Frequency Percent

Less than PHP5,000 87 23.4%
PHP5,000 - PHP10,000 170 45.7%
PHP10,001 - PHP20,000 91 24.5%
PHP20,001 - PHP30,000 16 4.3%
PHP30,001 - PHP40,000 3 .8%
PHP40,001 - PHP50,000 1 .3%
more than PHP50,000 4 1.1%
Total 372 100.0%

2. Source of Drinking Water

The table below shows the source of drinking water and percentages along with

its corresponding percent of the respondents of San Isidro. Commonly, their main

sources are Refilling station (37%) and Public Standpipe (36.3%). Some of the

interviewees told that in terms of drinking water, health is a must especially if the

family has children. It can be concluded that mostly of them doesn’t feel safe in

drinking their waters from their own borehole and dwelling.

A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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Table 6

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Source of Drinking Water

Source of Drinking Water Frequency Percent

Refilling station 150 37.0%
Piped water into dwelling 50 12.3%
Public tap/standpipe 147 36.3%
Tubewell /borehole 58 14.3%
Total 405 100.0%

3. Amount of Time to Obtain Drinking Water

The table shown above illustrate how public standpipe and refilling station been

placed to top. Some of the refilling stations added delivery services. So it can be

concluded that if affects the need to time to obtain drinking water. Placing at 1st,

respondents’ only take less than 10 minutes to fetch some drinking water at 72.8%.

While from 10-35 minutes has 17.5% on its belt. Some of the areas been the emphasis

of this study is drastically distanced from the public stand pipe. The numbers of the

fetchers also affect the time needed to obtain. In some stations, neither they only

deliver once nor twice a week to their customers and it also declares numbers to the

table below. 17.5% of the total respondents been obtaining drinking water for 10-30

minutes. While the other limits takes 4.8% square.

A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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Table 7

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Amount of Time to Obtain

Drinking Water

Amount of time to obtain

Frequency Percent
drinking water
less than 10 minutes 271 72.8%
10-30 minutes 65 17.5%
31 minutes – 1 hour 18 4.8%
more than 1 hour 18 4.8%
Total 372 100.0%

4. Except for Drinking from Bottled Water or Refilling Station

It can be shown from the gathered data below that the majority of respondents

doesn’t used any treatment to their water before drinking. It reflects how they trust their

water for in taking whatever the source come from. 62.9% and 30.1% answered none and

it’s unnecessary. And mostly, the other percentages did some methods because they want

assurances of safety and the health of the children of their family been taking part of their

decisions.

Respondents were asked on the following items except for drinking from bottled

water or refilling station:

A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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4.1 Method of Water Treatment Used Before Drinking Their Water

Table 8

Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Method of Water Treatment Used

Before Drinking Their Water

Method of Water
Frequency Percent
Treatment
Boil 12 3.2%
Strain it through a cloth 2 .5%
Let it stand and settle 7 1.9%
Use a water filter (ceramic,
5 1.3%
sand, composite, etc.)
NONE 234 62.9%
Not Necessary 112 30.1%
Total 372 100.0%

4.2 Level of Satisfaction of the Respondents with the Source of their Drinking

Water
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
Challenges and Sustainable Solutions 29

According to the facts stated above, it compliments the 70% of the respondents

who told that they are satisfied to their drinking waters while 4.3% answered very

satisfied. The remaining satisfactions, fair and dissatisfied, have 24.7% and 0.8%.

Respondents stated that even they fetch their waters in stations and public

standpipe, there are still hesitancies. But since more of their neighbour also

fetching in the same place, then hesitations can be diminish.

Table 9

Level of Satisfaction of the Respondents with the Source of their Drinking Water

Level of Satisfaction Frequency Percent

Very satisfied 16 4.3%
Satisfied 261 70.2%
Fair 92 24.7%
Dissatisfied 3 .8%
Total 372 100. 0%

4.3 Cost of Drinking Water

From table 6, refilling stations and stand pipe mostly are mainly the sources of drinking

water of San Isidro. Several of the standpipes has price, but only for maintenance and

donations. While the refilling stations, wherein every container costs 25-30 Php.

Answering the content of this part varies the decision of the respondents as it affected by

the monthly income and size of the family. The 49.2% answered moderate while the 2 nd

and 3rd replied free (21%) and low (20.4%). The 2 big numbers commonly came from to
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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those who fetch their water from their own borehole and standpipe while the rest is to be

considered to those who gather from dwelling and refilling stations.

Table 10

Cost of Drinking Water

Cost Frequency Percent

Very high 1 .3%
High 23 6.2%
Moderate 183 49.2%
Low 76 20.4%
Very low 11 3.0%
Free 78 21.0%
Total 372 100.0%

4.4 Alternative Source of Drinking Water

What if the main source been cut? Or out of supply? This section shows how they react

once their sources been held. Some of them answered they will proceed to refilling

stations (30.4%). Even though it’s costly yet it is safer than to the owned borehole

(28.8%). Several reacts into dwelling (14.2%) and public stand pipe (17.5%) and these

were affected by the distance and time to obtain water. While in some other cases, they

only borrow to their neighbours (1.1%) or use their stocks (7.5%).

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Table 10

Alternative Source of Drinking Water

Alternative Source Frequency Percent

Refilling station 113 30.4%
Piped water into dwelling 53 14.2%
Public tap/standpipe 65 17.5%
Piped water to yard/plot 2 .5%
Tubewell /borehole 107 28.8%
Others (Borrow) 4 1.1%
Others (Stock) 28 7.5%
Total 372 100.0%

4.5 Service Provider

Getting 39.3%, from the table, is local community organization. A proof that is

showcasing that the respondents are commonly getting drinking water to local

community organization provided. Secondly is refilling station (36.8%). While the

lowest, owned tubewell, garnered only 11.1% showing that only few of the interviewees

fetch their water into borehole.

Table 10

Service Provider

Service Provider Frequency Percent

Local Water District 52 12.8%
Local Community
159 39.3%
Organization
Others (Refilling Station) 149 36.8%
Others (Owned) 45 11.1%
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Total 405 100.0%

5. Waterborne Disease Taken from Drinking Water to Trusted Source of

Drinking Water

From section 4.2, level of satisfaction, it declares the fact that most of the respondents are

between fair and satisfied. They came into such answers because of several aspects

specifically the health of the taker. The table shows the diseases that been encountered

from taking their drinking water. 96% answered that they not experienced any disease at

all. While the remaining percents, 3.2% and 0.8% told that they experience diarrhea and

stomach ache.

Table 11

Waterborne Diseases Taken from Drinking Water to Trusted Source of Drinking Water

Water borne diseases Frequency Percent

Diarrhea 12 3.2%
None 357 96.0%
Others (Stomach ache) 3 .8%
Total 372 100.0

6. Possible Solutions that can be Proposed for Sustainable Potable Water

For respondents that use piped water connections from the water district, what are

the usual problems you experienced in using your pipe water connection especially if

used for drinking purposes?

A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
Challenges and Sustainable Solutions 33

Problems Experienced Frequency Percent

Instances of dirty water
51 27%
coming out.
Too much chlorine 88 47%
Tastes Bad 19 10%
Experienced stomach ache
6 3%
and Diarrhea
There is a bad smell 5 3%
Presence of Sand 7 4%
Blurry Water 9 5%
Presence of rusts 1 1%
TOTAL 186 100%

7. Relationship Between the Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Respondents

7.1 Source of Drinking Water

From this table, we notice that education is not significant in source of drinking

water in the community in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. The employment of the head of the

family is significant in what kind of drinking water they use. Based on obtained results,

it has been found that being an employed head of family would create opportunities to

purchase a source of drinking water, which they think is safe. Household size and total

monthly income is not significant in selecting source of drinking water though.

Indicators f value p value Decision Remarks

Education 7.931 0.000 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Employment of head 1.199 0.310 Reject H0 Significant
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
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of the family
Household Size 3.722 0.012 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Housing 0.608 0.610 Reject H0 Significant
Total monthly income 6.608 0.000 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant

7.2 Amount of Time to Obtain Drinking Water

According to the table below, education is not significant in how long to obtain

drinking water. No matter where we look, access of drinking water makes a huge

difference in people’s lives. Therefore, if the head of family is employed, it is very

significant if they can afford to have the supply of drinking water as fast as they want. On

the other hand, household size and total amount of income are not significant in obtaining

drinking water.

Indicators f value p value Decision Remarks

Education 7.931 0.000 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Employment of head
1.199 0.310 Reject H0 Significant
of the family
Household Size 3.722 0.012 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Housing 0.608 0.610 Reject H0 Significant
Total monthly income 6.608 0.000 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant

7.3 Method of Water Treatment

In method of water treatment, education, housing and total monthly income are

not significant.
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
Challenges and Sustainable Solutions 35

Indicators f value p value Decision Remarks

Education 2.368 0.039 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Employment of head
1.539 0.177 Reject H0 Significant
of the family
Household Size 2.776 0.018 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Housing 0.453 0.811 Reject H0 Significant
Total monthly income 2.670 0.022 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant

7.4 Level of Satisfaction with the Source of Drinking Water

Survey responses regarding the degree of satisfaction with drinking water quality

and cost are shown in Table 9. Education, household size and total amount of income are

not significant in satisfaction level with the source of drinking water. In contrast,

employment of head of the family is significant in satisfaction level about drinking water

they are consuming. Correlation analysis between drinking water type and degree of their

satisfaction revealed that people whose main drinking water source was refilled water had

the highest degree of satisfaction. Most of the people surveyed who are satisfied in their

drinking water are those who are employed. All the same with employment of head of the

family, we consider housing as significant factor in level of satisfaction with the source

of drinking water.

Indicators f value p value Decision Remarks

Education 2.368 0.039 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Employment of head
1.539 0.177 Reject H0 Significant
of the family
Household Size 2.776 0.018 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
Housing 0.453 0.811 Reject H0 Significant
Total monthly income 2.670 0.022 Fail to Reject H0 Not Significant
A Study of Accessibility and Treatment of Drinking Water in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija:
Challenges and Sustainable Solutions 36