Bleeding of Concrete: Standard Test Methods For
Bleeding of Concrete: Standard Test Methods For
Bleeding of Concrete: Standard Test Methods For
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C 232 – 07
4.4 Glass Graduate, 100-mL capacity for collecting and cylinder into a metal beaker. Determine the mass and record
measuring the quantity of water withdrawn. the mass of the beaker and its contents. Dry the beaker and its
4.5 Tamping Rod—A round, straight steel rod, 16 mm (5⁄8 contents to constant mass and record the final mass. The
in.) in diameter and approximately 610 mm (24 in.) in length, difference between the two masses, D, is equal to the mass of
having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip, the the bleeding water. The mass of the sludge shall also be
diameter of which is 16 mm (5⁄8 in.). obtained, if desired, by initially determining the tare mass of
4.6 The apparatus listed in 4.7, 4.8, and 4.9 are required if the beaker.
the procedure of measuring the amount of bleeding water
recovered is one involving weighing, evaporation, and re- 7. Calculation
weighing.
7.1 Calculate the volume of bleeding water per unit area of
4.7 Metal Beaker (Optional)—A 1000-mL metal beaker for
surface, V, as follows:
collecting the decanted supernatant water and sludge.
4.8 Balance (Optional)—A balance sensitive to 1 g for V 5 V1/A (1)
determining the mass of the decanted water and sludge.
4.9 Hot Plate (Optional)—A small electric hot plate or other where:
source of heat for evaporating decanted water. V1 = volume of bleeding water measured during the se-
5. Test Specimen lected time interval, mL, and
A = area of exposed concrete, cm2.
5.1 For concrete made in the laboratory, prepare as de-
scribed in Practice C 192/C 192M. For concrete made in the The comparative rate of bleeding shall be determined as the
field, sample the concrete as described in Practice C 172. The test progresses by comparing the volume of bleeding water for
apparatus described in this test method is permitted to be used each equal time interval.
with samples of concrete containing any size of aggregate
7.2 Calculate the accumulated bleeding water, expressed as
graded up to and including a nominal maximum size of 50 mm
a percentage of the net mixing water contained within the test
(2 in.). Concrete containing aggregate larger than 50 mm (2 in.)
specimen, as follows:
in nominal maximum size shall be wet sieved over a 3.75 mm
(11⁄2-in.) sieve and the test performed on a portion of the C 5 ~w/W! 3 S (2)
sample that passes through the sieve. Bleeding, % 5 ~D/C! 3 100
5.2 Fill the container with the concrete in accordance with
Test Method C 138/C 138M except that the container shall be where:
filled to a height of 254 6 3 mm (10 6 1⁄8 in.). Level the top C = mass of the water in the test specimen, g,
surface of the concrete to a reasonably smooth surface by a W = total mass of the batch, kg,
w = net mixing water (the total amount of water minus the
minimum amount of troweling.
water absorbed by the aggregates), kg,
6. Procedure S = mass of the sample, g, and
D = mass of the bleeding water, g, or total volume
6.1 During the test, maintain the ambient temperature be-
withdrawn from the test specimen in cubic centime-
tween 18 and 24 °C (65 and 75 °F). Immediately after
ters multiplied by 1 g/cm3.
troweling the surface of the specimen, record the time and
determine the mass of the container and its contents. Place the
TEST METHOD B—SAMPLE CONSOLIDATED BY
specimen and container on a level platform or floor free of
VIBRATION
noticeable vibration and cover the container to prevent evapo-
ration of the bleed water. Keep the cover in place throughout
8. Apparatus
the test, except when drawing off the water. Draw off (with
pipet or similar instrument) the water that has accumulated on 8.1 Vibrating Platform—A platform shall be provided upon
the surface at 10-min intervals during the first 40 min and at which the filled container shall be mounted. The platform shall
30-min intervals thereafter until cessation of bleeding, record- be equipped with a suitable device so that intermittent periods
ing the time of last observation. To facilitate the collection of of vibration of reproducible duration, frequency, and ampli-
bleeding water, tilt the specimen carefully by placing a block tudes will be imparted to the specimen container as prescribed
approximately 50 mm (2 in.) thick under one side of the by Section 8 (see Fig. 1). Suitable vibration will be provided if
container 2 min prior to each time the water is withdrawn. there is bolted to the platform a 93W (1⁄8-hp) electric motor, to
After the water is removed, return the container to a level the shaft of which a small eccentric whose mass is approxi-
position without jarring. After each withdrawal, transfer the mately 110 g is attached by means of a setscrew. The eccentric
water to a 100-mL graduated cylinder. Record the accumulated shall be fabricated from cold-rolled stock in accordance with
quantity of water after each transfer. When only the total the details and dimensions shown in Fig. 2. The hole through
volume of bleeding is desired to be determined, the periodic the eccentric is 13.5 mm (34/64 in.) or an appropriate size to
removal procedure shall be omitted and the entire amount accommodate the motor shaft. The platform shall be supported
removed in a single operation. If it is desired to determine the on rubber supports resting on a concrete slab. The concrete slab
mass of the bleeding water and to exclude the material present shall be separated from the floor by a layer of cork as shown in
other than the water, carefully decant the contents of the Fig. 2.
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C 232 – 07
dating procedure immediately upon the first appearance of free
water segregating from the concrete as indicated by the
development of a water sheen on its surface. For some
unusually wet or plastic mixtures, no consolidating effort will
be needed beyond that supplied by placing the sample in the
container and handling the container during the operations of
determining the mass and placing it on the platform for test.
11.2 Intermittent Vibration—Place the cover on the con-
tainer and the container on the vibrating platform. Clamp the
container and cover down tightly. Note and record the time,
and start the motor. Continue intermittent vibration for 1 h.
11.3 Determination of Bleeding Water—The intermittent
periods of vibrations do not permit the determination of
bleeding water at a number of different time intervals. Deter-
mine the total volume of bleeding water as described for
Method A.
12. Calculation
12.1 Calculate the percentage bleeding water as described
for Method A.
13. Report
FIG. 1 Vibrating Platform and Timer 13.1 Concrete mixture proportions,
13.2 Source and identification of each material used,
8.2 Timer—A timing device, by means of which the periods 13.3 Method used for collection of the bleeding data (A or
of vibration provided to the platform and specimen in accor- B),
dance with the provisions of Section 8 is permitted to be 13.4 The volume of bleeding water per unit area of surface,
regulated. and the accumulated bleeding water, expressed as a percentage
8.3 Container—A steel container 290 mm (111⁄2 in.) in of the net mixing water contained within the test specimen, and
diameter at the top, 280 mm (11 in.) in diameter at the bottom, 13.5 Elapsed time required for cessation of bleeding.
and 285 mm (111⁄8 in.) high shall be provided. A steel container
cover shall also be provided. The container and cover shall 14. Precision and Bias
conform with the details given in Fig. 3.
8.3.1 The remainder of the apparatus is identical with that 14.1 Precision:
given for Method A. 14.1.1 Method A—Data are not available to evaluate the
precision of Method A directly. However, there is reason to
9. Vibrating Cycle believe that the precision for Method A is at least as good as
9.1 The vibrating cycle shall be as follows: Power on for 3 that for Method B. The values given for Method B shall be
s, power off 30 s. However, due to the coasting of the motor used as maximum precision limits for Method A.
after the power is turned off, the period of perceptible vibration 14.1.2 Method B—The single operator-day-multibatch stan-
is approximately 7 s. dard deviation (1s) has been found to be 0.71 % for a bleeding
range from 0 to 10 %, 1.06 % for a bleeding range from 10 to
10. Test Specimen 20 %, and 1.77 % for more than 20 %. Therefore, results of two
10.1 The sample shall be prepared as described for Method properly conducted tests by the same operator on the same day
A. on different batches of the same mixture are not expected to
10.2 The sample shall be placed in the container to a depth differ by more than 2.0 % (d2s) for a bleeding range from 0 to
equal to approximately one half the average diameter of the 10 %, 3.0 % for a range from 10 to 20 %, and 5.0 % for more
container. The size of the test sample can best be regulated by than 20 %. (See Note 1.)
mass; a sample with a mass of 20 6 0.5 kg (45 6 1 lb) usually NOTE 1—These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s)
meets the requirements for the apparatus described herein. limits as described in Practice C 670.
11. Procedure 14.2 Bias—The test methods have no bias because the
values determined can be defined only in terms of the test
11.1 Consolidation of Test Specimen—Consolidate the
methods.
sample in the container by means of vibration of only that
duration required to effect the desired degree of compaction.
Sufficient vibration has been applied as soon as the surface of 15. Keywords
the concrete has become relatively smooth. Stop the consoli- 15.1 bleeding; concrete, bleeding of
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C 232 – 07
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C 232 – 07
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to these test methods since the last issue,
C 232 – 04, that may impact the use of these test methods. (Approved July 15, 2007)
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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Thu Apr 16 06:17:13 EDT 2009
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