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    Principles of Physical Geography

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    peter jago
    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in physical geography. It covers the materials that make up the Earth's crust, the structure of the Earth, volcanic activity, processes that sculpt the surface like weathering and erosion, underground water, rivers and drainage systems, lakes, glaciation, deserts, coastlines, ocean features, climate factors, temperature, pressure, winds, humidity, and precipitation. The document is intended to introduce students to the fundamental topics in physical geography.

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    Principles of Physical Geography

    Uploaded by

    peter jago
    162 views3 pages
    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in physical geography. It covers the materials that make up the Earth's crust, the structure of the Earth, volcanic activity, processes that sculpt the surface like weathering and erosion, underground water, rivers and drainage systems, lakes, glaciation, deserts, coastlines, ocean features, climate factors, temperature, pressure, winds, humidity, and precipitation. The document is intended to introduce students to the fundamental topics in physical geography.

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    Principles of physical geography

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    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in physical geography. It covers the materials that make up the Earth's crust, the structure of the Earth, volcanic activity, processes that sculpt the surface like weathering and erosion, underground water, rivers and drainage systems, lakes, glaciation, deserts, coastlines, ocean features, climate factors, temperature, pressure, winds, humidity, and precipitation. The document is intended to introduce students to the fundamental topics in physical geography.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    162 views3 pages

    Principles of Physical Geography

    Uploaded by

    peter jago
    This document provides an overview of the key concepts in physical geography. It covers the materials that make up the Earth's crust, the structure of the Earth, volcanic activity, processes that sculpt the surface like weathering and erosion, underground water, rivers and drainage systems, lakes, glaciation, deserts, coastlines, ocean features, climate factors, temperature, pressure, winds, humidity, and precipitation. The document is intended to introduce students to the fundamental topics in physical geography.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    PRINCIPLES OF

    PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

    F. J. Monkhouse M . A , D.SC.
    formerly Professor of Geography
    in the University of Southampton

    O.STU^T:
    6^
    BIBLIOTECA.

    Hodder & Stoughton


    A MEMBER OF THE HODDER HEADLINE GROUP
    Contents

    Preface

    T H E M A T E R I A L S OF T H E E A R T H S CRUST

    Classification of the rocks: igneous rocks: sedimentary rocks:


    metamorphic rocks: the age of the rocks: the economic geology of
    the rocks

    T H E S T R U C T U R E O F T H E E A R T H 20

    The earth's interior: the continents: earth movements: earth-


    quakes: the effects of earth movements on the crust: faults and
    relief forms produced by faulting: folding: fold-mountain systems;
    tlie older fold mountains

    3 V U L C A N I C I T Y 6l

    Intrusive forms of vulcanicity: extrusive forms of vulcanicity:


    dormant and extinct volcanoes: the distribution of volcanoes:
    vulcanic landscapes

    4 T H E S C U L P T U R I N G O F T H E E A R T H ' S S U R F A C E 92

    The definition of denudation: weathering: mass-movement: slopes


    and surfaces

    U N D E R G R O U N D W A T E R IIO
    The hydrological cycle: the permeability of rocks: springs: wells:
    underground streams and caverns: dry valleys: chalk and lime-
    stone landscapes—a summary: applied hydrology

    6 R I V E R S A N D R I V E R SYSTEMS I34

    Fluvial morphometry: overland flow: river regimes: channel flow;


    the long-profile of a river: the development of a river valley: fans
    and deltas: drainage patterns: river basins and structure

    7 L A K E S 190
    Lake-hollows produced by erosion: lake-hollows produced by
    deposition: lake-hollows due to earth movements and vulcanicity:
    former lakes
    vii
    CONTENTS
    CONTENTS

    18 C L I M A T I C T Y P E S 452
    8 G L A C I A T I O N 2IO
    Methods of classification: hot climates: warm temperate climates:
    Snow: firn and glacier ice: types of ice-mass: glacial and fluvio-
    glacial erosion: glacial and fluvioglacial deposition: past ice-ages: cool temperate climates: cold climates: arctic climates: desert
    the chronology of the Quaternary glaciation: the periglacial fringe: climates: mountain climates
    post-glacial time
    19 T H E SOIL 486
    •The mineral content of the soil: the organic content of the soil:
    9 T H E D E S E R T LANDS 26a the air tind water content of the soil: the soil profile: the maior
    Wind erosion and transportation: wind deposition: the action of soil types: zonal soils: intrazonal soils: azonal soils: the soils of
    water in the desert: desert landscapes: the cycle of arid erosion Britain: land classification: soil erosion

    ID COASTLINES 280 20 V E G E T A T I O N . ,Le factors controlling vegeta-


    Factors of coastal evolution: marine erosion: marine transporta-
    tion: coastal deposition: changes of sea-level: classification of
    coasts: coral coasts scrub and desert

    21 T H E V E G E T A T I O N O F T H E BRITISH ISLES 534


    11 A CLASSIFICATION O F LANDFORMS 322

    22 CONCLUSION 540
    12 T H E CONFIGURATION O F T H E OCEANS A N D SEAS 327

    Submarine relief: the Pacific Ocean: the Atlantic Ocean: the Index 547
    Indian Ocean: the Arctic Ocean: marine deposits

    13 T H E W A T E R S O F T H E OCEANS 347

    Salinity: the temperature of the ocean waters: sub-surface move-


    ments of ocean waters: surface currents: the tides

    14 C L I M A T E : G E N E R A L F E A T U R E S 371
    Climatology and meteorology: 'local climate' and microclima-
    tology: climatic factors and elements: the atmosphere

    15 T E M P E R A T U R E 378

    Measurement and recording: temperature factors: world tem-


    perature distribution: simshine

    16 PRESSURE A N D WINDS 396

    Measurement and recording: world distribution of pressure: wind:


    wind systems: air-masses: local pressure and wind systems in mid-
    latitudes: tropical low-pressure systems: special winds

    17 HUMIDITY AND P R E C I P I T A T I O N 4Q7


    Water-vapour in the atmosphere: the hiunidity of air-masses:
    evaporation: condensation: clouds: rainfall: types of rainfall:
    other forms of precipitation
    ix
    viii

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