Introduction To MS Excel
Introduction To MS Excel
Introduction To MS Excel
Introduction to MS Excel
Before you start using this MS Excel tutorial, it is very beneficial for you to become
familiar with the basic features of MS Excel workbooks and worksheets. In MS Excel,
a workbook is the file in which you work and store your data. Because each
workbook can contain many sheets, you can organize various kinds of related
information in a single file. Worksheets are used to list and analyze data. You can
enter and edit data on several worksheets simultaneously and perform calculations
based on data from multiple worksheets. When you create a chart, you can place
the chart on the worksheet with its related data or on a separate chart sheet. The
names of the worksheets appear on tabs at the bottom of the workbook window. To
move from one sheet to another, click the desired sheet's tab.
As you can see, we have already used the terms "spreadsheet" and "worksheet".
Although people generally use the two terms interchangeably, the term worksheet
refers to the row-and-column matrix sheet on which you work upon while the term
spreadsheet refers to this type of computer application.
As mentioned earlier, the workbook can contain worksheets and chart sheets. The
following illustration shows a new worksheet in an MS Excel 2007 workbook:
Title bar
Menu bar tabs
Menu bar is used to provide commands and options available in a program, if you
click a certain menu bar tab, a program will change the commands to suit the
commands related to the menu you have just clicked.
Title bar is used to show the name of a program and file you are currently using
or working on.
2.3. Cell
2.6. Sheets
Sometimes it is useful to reference a cell by name rather than by column and row.
For example, the tax rate (of 30%) could be held in a cell named taxrate and then
referred to as such in any formulae
Deleting contents in MS Excel depends on what to delete. For examle you might
need to delete part of the contents in a cell, or you might need to delete the
whole content in a cell, row or column.
3.2.1. Deleting part of content in a cell
Sorting and Filtering allow you to manipulate data in a worksheet based on given set
of criteria.
Excel allows you to move, copy, and paste cells and cell content through cutting
and pasting and copying and pasting.
The Auto Fill feature fills cell data or series of data in a worksheet into a selected
range of cells. If you want the same data copied into the other cells, you only
need to complete one cell. If you want to have a series of data (for example, days
of the week) fill in the first two cells in the series and then use the auto fill
feature. To use the Auto Fill feature:
6. Modifying a Worksheet
Click the Find & Select button on the Editing group of the Home tab
Choose Find or Replace
Complete the Find What text box
Click on Options for more search options
6.4. Go To Command
The Go To command takes you to a specific cell either by cell reference (the
Column Letter and the Row Number) or cell name.
Modifying fonts in Excel will allow you to emphasize titles and headings. To
modify a font:
In Excel, you can also apply specific formatting to a cell. To apply formatting to a
cell or group of cells:
There are several tabs on this dialog box that allow you to modify properties of
the cell or cells.
Number: Allows for the display of different number types and decimal places
Alignment: Allows for the horizontal and vertical alignment of text, wrap text,
shrink text, merge cells and the direction of the text.
Font: Allows for control of font, font style, size, color, and additional features
Border: Border styles and colors
Fill: Cell fill colors and styles
Click the Format button on the Cells group of the Home tab
Manually adjust the height and width by
clicking Row Height or Column Width
To use AutoFit click AutoFit Row Height or
AutoFit Column Width
To merge cells select the cells you want to merge and click
the Merge & Center button on the Alignment group of the
Home tab. The four choices for merging cells are:
Merge & Center: Combines the cells and centers the
contents in the new, larger cell
Merge Across: Combines the cells across columns without
centering data
Merge Cells: Combines the cells in a range without
centering
Unmerge Cells: Splits the cell that has been merged
To align cell contents, click the cell or cells you want to align and click on the
options within the Alignment group on the Home tab. There are several options
for alignment of cell contents:
You can view two areas of a worksheet and lock rows or columns in one area by
freezing or splitting panes (pane: A portion of the document window bounded by
and separated from other portions by vertical or horizontal bars.). When you
freeze panes, you select specific rows or columns that remain visible when
scrolling in the worksheet.
For example, you would freeze panes to keep row and column labels visible as
you scroll, as shown in the following example.
When you split panes, you create separate worksheet areas that you can scroll
within, while rows or columns in the non-scrolled area remain visible.
To lock rows, select the row below where you want the split to appear
To lock rows, select the row below where you want the split to appear.
To lock columns, select the column to the right of where you want the split
to appear.
To lock both rows and columns, click the cell below and to the right of
where you want the split to appear
On the View tab, in the Window group, click Freeze Panes, and then click the
option that you want.
Note: When you freeze panes, the Freeze Panes option changes to Unfreeze
Panes so that you can unlock frozen rows or columns.
There two ways of perfoming calculation in Ms Excel. Manually anf Using inbuild
funtions.
Click Enter
To calculate a function:
Excel uses two types of cell references to create formulas. Each has its own
purpose. Read on to determine which type of cell reference to use for your
formula.
Situations arise in which the cell reference must remain the same when
copied or when using AutoFill. Dollar signs are used to hold a column and/or
row reference constant.
Example:
To filter data allows you to extract your recrds based on different criterias. In Ms
Excel we can filter data in two ways, Auto Filter and Advance Filter.
10.1. Using Auto Filter
Filtering allows you to display only data that meets certain criteria. To filter:
Click the column or columns that contain the data you wish to filter
On the Home tab, click on Sort & Filter
Click Filter button
Click the Arrow at the bottom of the first
cell
Click the Text Filter
Click the Words you wish to Filter
To filter a range of cells by using complex criteria (criteria: Conditions you specify
to limit which records are included in the result set of a query. For example, the
following criterion selects records for which the value for the Order Amount field
is greater than 30,000: Order Amount > 30000.), use the Advanced command in
the Sort & Filter group on the Data tab. The Advanced command works
differently from the Filter command in several important ways.
It displays the Advanced Filter dialog box instead of the AutoFilter menu.
The process of avnaced Filter involves three items, List Range, Criteria Range and
Copying Location. List Range refers to a set of data, in ther words you can say “all
the data before Filter”. Criteria range refers to condition speciafied for the data to
match. It has a Title and Condition. You might have more than One condition
depending to the data you want to acquire. The Copying Location is the place for
you to put the extracted data.
Before you do anything make sure your data has got column heading ot
titles.
Next , prepare your Criteria Range, for example, if you want
to extract from a list Students who are Boys, You should
identify the title used to present the gender, if its Sex or
otherwise and the text used to present the gender, like Male and Female, F
and M, Boys and Girls.
Then Highlight your List Range
On the Data tab, in the Sort & Filter group, click
Advanced
To filter the range by hiding rows that don't
match your criteria, click Filter the list, in-place.
To filter the range by copying rows that match your criteria to another
area of the worksheet, click Copy to another location, click in the Copy to
box, and then click the upper-left corner of the area where you want to
paste the rows.
In the Criteria range box, enter the reference for the criteria range,
including the criteria labels.
To move the Advanced Filter dialog box out of the way temporarily while
you select the criteria range, click Collapse Dialog .
To change how the data is filtered, change the values in the criteria
range and filter the data again.
10.3. Remove duplicate values
When you remove duplicate values, only the values in the range of cells or table
are affected. Any other values outside the range of cells or table are not altered
or moved.
Caution:
Because you are permanently deleting data, it's a good idea to copy the original
range of cells or table to another worksheet or workbook before removing
duplicate values.
Select the range of cells, or make sure that the active cell is in a table.
On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Remove Duplicates.
Click OK.
A message is displayed indicating how many duplicate values were
removed and how many unique values remain, or if no duplicate values
were removed.
Click OK.
11. Conditional formatting
Whenever you analyze data, you often ask yourself questions, such as:
Where are the exceptions in a summary of profits over the past five years?
What are the trends in a marketing opinion poll over the past two years?
Who has sold more than $50,000 dollars this month?
What is the overall age distribution of employees?
Which products have greater than 10% revenue increases from year to
year?
Who are the highest performing and lowest performing students in the
freshman class?
Color scales are visual guides that help you understand data distribution and
variation. A two-color scale helps you compare a range of cells by using a
gradation of two colors. The shade of the color represents higher or lower values.
For example, in a green and red color scale, you can specify higher value cells
have a more green color and lower value cells have a more red color.
EXPENDITURE:
Fuel 180 100 200 150
Rent 70 70 70 70
Labor Charge 300 300 340 340
Electricity 150 180 80 200
Others 40 25 59 60
Total Expenditure
Profit/Loss
a) Create the following worksheet in Landscape format, produce a copy and save it
Your name E4.
CHIBANGUZA HOTEL
EMPLOYEE NAME WORKED HOURS RATE PER HOUR
CHIHURI 59 220000
CHINYERERE 66 110000
MAKINA 95 330000
MANYERE 78 450000
MBASERA 55 250000
CHIGIJI 98 329000
ZUVA 123 222000
KONDO 100 161000
ANDERSON 88 176000
TOTAL
i) Insert column for Gross Salary, PAYE, Aids Levy, Housing allowance,
Transportation allowance and Net salary.
ii) Given that
a. PAYE is 16%
b. Aids Levy is 3%
c. Housing allowance is 15%
d. Transport allowance is 10% of Gross Salary
iii) Calculate the following:
a. Gross Salary
b. PAYE
c. Aids Levy
d. Housing allowance
e. Transport allowance
f. Transport allowance
g. Net Salary
iv) Calculate the totals and save the worksheet as Yourname E41
v) Produce a column graph that shows Employee name and Net Salary, save the
worksheet as Yourname E42.
EXERCISE 5:
COURSEWORK MARKSHEET
THEORY PRACTICAL
TESTS ASSIGNMENTS ASSIGNMENTS
NAMES 1 2 20% 1 2 15% 1 2 25%
MAKWIRO 73 55 89 50 90 60
GORONGA 74 55 75 54 85 65
BANGO 77 55 70 63 80 70
MAKAHA 55 73 66 65 75 75
MEKI 60 58 66 70 60 92
MAPHOSA 85 51 70 63 75 80
MADI 63 90 50 83 75 85
LIMA 50 53 53 39 50 63
DAUSI 75 41 29 61 59 49
AVERAGE
HIGHEST
LOWEST
a) Using your Spreadsheet skills to construct the Brue Sky Hotel pay slip for
December 2013 followin the instruction below.
b) Insert a Footer with characters “Brue Sky Hotel” and Todays Date.
c) Enter the following values
i) Housing Subsidy $6000 per year
ii) Car Allowance $100 per month
iii) PAYE $636.36
iv) Mediacal Aid $70
v) Bond Repayment $6.30
d) Calculate the following
i) Calculate Net Salary
e) Format all figure to 2 decimal points
f) Insert a custom footer with your name
EXERCISE 7
a) A Furniture shop sells furniture to customers on credit. The credit terms request
the customer to make a deposit of 25%. The balance after the deposit is paid
monthly installments over 24 months without interest.
b) Make all titles Bold and Shade the cell backgroung for titles in light grey color
c) Format the furniture value for deposit, balance & monthly installment
d) Sort the sheet in alphabetical order of names
e) Insert borders on all entries
f) Create a full labelled
i) Column Graph
ii) Bar Chart
iii) Pie Chart
g) Save yor work as Yourname E7