Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine
Arts From The Regions
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Integrative Art As Applied To
Contemporary Art

Department of Education• Republic of the Philippines

 UNIT 1
INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO
CONTEMPORARY ART

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2
 What I Know

Let us check your prior knowledge about this module’s coverage.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. This element refers to the way the surface or object looks as it may feel.
a. Time and motion c. Monochromatic
b. Texture d. Shape and mass
2. This refers to the brightness and dullness of color.
a. Saturation c. Texture
b. Value d. Color scheme
3. This refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel.
a. Hue c. Space
b. Tetradic d. Color
4. This painting depicts scenes from ordinary life.
a. Nudes c. Genres
b. Landscapes d. Historical paintings
5. This is also known as sculpture in motion.
a. Book design c. Assemblage
b. Embroidery d. Kinetic sculpture
6. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the use
of a sharp instrument.
a. Tattoo art c. Advertising art
b. Mat weaving d. Welded sculpture
7. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical
plate or film.
a. Pottery c. Metalcraft
b. Photograph d. Symbolic sculpture
8. An example of this form of visual arts is the use of coconut leaves in wrapping
cooked rice.
a. Textile weaving c. Printmaking
b. Multimedia d. Leaf art
9. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the palengke or
market.
a. Ethnic house c. Government buildings
b. Movie house d. Mall/galleria
10. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of Christian
families living in lowland areas.
a. Masjid c. Bahay kubo
b. Apartment d. Bungalow

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 What’s New

Activity 1. What you will know

Fill in the boxes with your ideas about visual elements of art. There are no wrong or
right answers. Your own ideas matter.

ART AND ITS VISUAL

What Is It

In order to understand how to describe a painting or a sculpture, it is important to

comprehend first the visual elements of art. These visual elements of art are line,
color, shape, space, value, texture, time and motion.

Line

This refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a

surface. Solid lines can be used in order to define form
while broken lines are typically used to suggest hidden
forms.

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Shape and Mass

This element refers to an area with boundaries

identified or drawing lines. A shape may be natural or
living forms called an organic shape and can be irregular
or rounded. It may also be measured forms called
geometric shape. In contrast to shape which is
two-dimensional, mass refers to solid portions of a
three-dimensional object.

Color

This refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects due to
the way various wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is a very important element
because it can communicate information and emotion to the viewer. These are the
three properties of color:

 Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color
wheel.
 Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or tint
is the result of adding white to a hue, while a dark color or shade results from
adding black to a hue.
 Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also referred
to as purity of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding more
pigment to the same hue, while a dull color can be produced by adding gray or
the color’s complement to the pigment.

The color wheel is an arrangement of primary,

secondary and tertiary colors. It is important tool to
identify which colors can work well if used in a certain
artwork which is the color schemes or color
relationships. These are some of the color schemes:

Color Schemes

 Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with different gradients
of value.
 Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color
wheel.
 Complementary – involves the use of a color and its complement
-meaning the color located opposite of the first color.
 Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary color
scheme. But instead of using the color’s complement, this scheme uses
the two colors adjacent to the complement.
 Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.
 Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses
two pairs of complementary colors.

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Texture

This element refers to the feel or appearance of a

surface. A. person may describe as actual or implied.
Actual texture can be felt tangibly based on the
material that is used for the artwork while implied texture
can be exhibited, for instance, in a painting of fur of an
animal.

Value

This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This is evident in creating

shadows for a two-dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Space

Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the
area surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of space can still be created in a
two-dimensional surface using perspective. There are two types of perspective:
atmospheric perspective, which utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the
illusion of distance; and linear perspective, which involves the use of vanishing points
and receding hidden lines.

Time and Motion

Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or an actual motion. An

illusion of movement is more common in two-dimensional artworks. On the other
hand, actual motion is easily seen in kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or are
vibrating with the surrounding air.

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 What’s More

Activity 2. Test your knowledge

Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement.
Write your answers on the space provided.

1. This refers to a prolongation of a point.

a. Color c. Space
b. Line d. Value
2. This type of sculpture has parts that can be moved with the wind.
a. Kinetic sculpture c. Texture
b. Implied motion d. Color wheel
3. This color scheme involves using colors that are located beside each other
in the color wheel.
a. Monochromatic c. Complementary
b. Analogous d. Split-complementary
4. This statement refers to the way the surface or objects looks as it may feel.
a. Line c. Color
b. Shape and mass d. Texture
5. This element of art refers to an area with boundaries identified or drawn
using lines.
a. Value c. Shape
b. Color d. Texture
6. This type of texture refers to the real qualities of the physical surface of an
artwork.
a. Implied texture c. Actual texture
b. Space d. Value
7. This refers to brightness and dullness of color.
a. Hue c. Saturation
b. Value d. Color
8. This color scheme involves the use of four colors.
a. Triadic c. Color scheme
b. Tetradic d. Color wheel
9. This refers to the purity of a certain color.
a. Hue c. Saturation
b. Value d. Color
10. This type of perspective involves the use of properties of light and air to
portray the illusion of distance.
a. Texture c. Atmospheric perspective
b. Space d. Linear perspective

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Activity 3. Your Turn

You have identified color schemes. This time, give your own examples of each color
scheme or color relationship. Please review to be sure your answers are correct. Use
a table format below.

Color Schemes Examples

Monochromatic

Analogous

Complementary

Split-complementary

Triadic

What I Have Learned

Reflective Question:

How can learning visual elements of art help you?

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Remember these key points:

 These are visual elements of art:

o Line
o Shape and Mass
o Color
o Value
o Texture
o Space
o Time and Motion

 Color wheel is an important tool to identify which colors can work

well if used in a certain artwork.

What I Can Do

Activity 4. My Own Color Wheel

Create and draw a color wheel using the color schemes. In this activity, make sure
that you draw the color wheel with color schemes applied well. It is important that
you are able to apply what you have learned.

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Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 1 successfully! Before going to the next
lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach

what I learned to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other

things that I need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the

lesson. I need help in some tasks.

If you checked the first icon, you are ready for lesson 2. If you have checked
the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have
checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your
teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find it difficult. Be honest
so that you will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed

A question I have is

I’m not sure

I realized

10
 What’s In

Activity 1. Review

Fill in the box with what you learned in the previous lesson.

ART AND ITS VISUAL

What Is It

Painting refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface. Forms can be
created using a wide variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel,
and charcoal. Surfaces for painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.
Painting is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and width.

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FORMS OF PAINTING:

Easel Painting

The easel painting is perhaps the most common

form of painting which involves applying color to a board
or canvas that is fixed on an upright support called an…
easel. These are meant to be framed and hanged on a
wall after creating them.

Murals

A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting

used to impart messages to the public. A new form of.
mural which is a portable mural, was developed in
order to prevent the mural from being erased from the
wall which was created by using bold
strokes in applying bright colors on pieces of
cheesecloth or canvas.

Telon Painting

A telon is describes as a backdrop or background

for the stage which are used for komedya, sarswela, and
sinakulo, the popular forms of theater in the country.

Jeepney and Calesa Painting

The calesa is typically painted using one color. The

borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric
patterns, repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.

Jeepney painting evolved from calesa painting. In

a typical jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is covered
near the driver’s seat, as well as near the seats adjacent.
to it.

Collage

This refers to a form of painting that involves

combine images in a single artwork. This entails cutting
and pasting materials such as paper, fabric, tin foil and
other relatively flat.materials onto a board or canvas.

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THEMES OF PAINTING:

Genre Painting

Genre painting portrays people in daily activities.

During the contemporary period, genre painting took
several directions. One of these new approaches is folk
genre, which mainly focuses on the everyday activities
of the folk. Another approach is using the style of cubism
in depicting folk or urban subjects. On the other hand,
folk-naive is another style wherein it uses a lot of
color and spontaneity.

Historical Painting

The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson
concerning national values.

Interiors

This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building. This
usually reveals the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as
the traits of the people living in it.

Landscapes

These painting portrays natural scenery or urban scenes. Mixed media is now
used in creating landscape paintings. Closely related to landscapes are seascapes,
which focus on large bodies of water, particularly the ocean or the sea.

Portraits

This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals. This usually
portrays the physical characteristics of the subject and seeks to show an
understanding of that person’s character.

Nudes

These are paintings that portray the unclothed human figure. Nowadays, a wide
variety of materials and styles can be used in painting nudes. Nude painting sessions
are conducted in galleries.

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Religious Painting

Common subjects of religious painting includes a

lone religious image, lives of the saints, and scenes
based from the Scriptures like the Nativity scene, and the
Station of the Cross.

Still Life

This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a
composition in a natural setting. A lot of styles can be used by artists in painting,
ranging from Baroque and Rococo, to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract.
Neo-realism involves creating representational figures that also look abstract;
hyperrealism or magic realism, the subject is painted in a highly realistic way that it
resembles a photograph and social realism entails creating paintings that depicts
socioeconomic and political problems.

What’s More

Activity 2. Test your knowledge

Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement.
Write your answers on the space provided.

1. This refers to a painting that shows an arrangement of objects such as fruits

and flowers in a natural setting.
a. Interiors c. Nudes
b. Still life d. Landscapes
2. This refers to painting that is applied on a wall or a large permanent surface.
a. Mural c. Historical painting
b. Genre painting d. Religious painting
3. This painting depicts scenes from ordinary life.
a. Still life c. Genre painting
b. Interiors d. Landscapes
4. This refers to a painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building.
a. Landscapes c. Interiors
b. Portraits d. Still life
5. This refers to a painting that is finished on a portable upright support.
a. Telon painting c. Genre painting
b. Historical painting d. Easel painting
6. This is a painting that involves cutting and pasting relatively flat materials onto
a board or canvas.
a. Religious painting c. Portrait
b. Collage d. Landscapes

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 7. A painting portraying the crucifixion of Jesus Christ is an example of this
theme of painting.
a. Interiors c. Historical painting
b. Nudes d. Religious painting
8. A painting portraying the execution of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan is an
example of this theme of painting.
a. Historical painting c. Murals
b. Easel painting d. Telon painting
9. A painting featuring the physical characteristics of Jose Blanco is an example
of this theme of painting.
a. Still life c. Portrait
b. Interiors d. Landscapes
10. This refers to a style of painting that resembles more a photograph than a
painting.
a. Hyperrealism c. Portraits
b. Photograph d. Still life

Activity 3. Evaluate

Look at the given picture. Find out what forms of painting or what themes of painting
is used. Write your answers in the box.

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 What I Have Learned

Reflective Question:

How can a painting be best created?

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Remember these key points:

 Forms of painting are the following:

o Easel Painting
o Murals
o Telon Painting
o Jeepney and Calesa Painting
o Collage
o
 Themes of painting are the following:
o Genre Painting
o Historical Painting
o Interiors
o Landscapes
o Portraits
o Nudes
o Religious Painting
o Still Life
o
 Painting refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface.

Activity 4: Your turn

Using the key points above on forms and themes of painting, illustrate what particular
forms or themes of painting does a particular region in the Philippines have in
practice. Use pictures and photos from the internet.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5. Samples of paintings

Create your own painting based on the forms and themes of painting that you
learned using painting/coloring materials found in your surroundings.

RUBRICS:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
The design is The design is The design is The design is
DESIGN well thought thought out. thought out in not well
out. some part. thought out.
Model is Model is Model is Model is not
CREATIVITY original and original. original in original at all.
unique. some part.
There is There is There is There is
evidence evidence that evidence that evidence that
EFFORT that the the student the student the student
student worked very showed some showed little
worked very hard most of effort. effort.
hard on all the time.
aspcets

Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 2 successfully! Before going to the next
lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach

what I learned to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other

things that I need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need help

If you checked the first icon, you are ready for lesson 3. If you have checked
the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have

18
checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your
teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find it difficult. Be honest
so that you will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed

A question I have is

I’m not sure

I realized

19
 What’s In

Activity 1. Review

Give the forms and themes of Sculptures.

FORMS OF PAINTING THEMES OF PAINTING

What Is It

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is
one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and
modelling; in stones, metals, ceramics, woods and other materials but, since
Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process. In
contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions – height, width, and depth. It is
created by either carving, modelling, or assembling parts together.

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GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE:

Free-standing

This is a kind of sculpture that can independently

stand in space. It has a flat horizontal base. All its
sides contribute to the overall form of the sculpture.

Relief

This kind of sculpture does not have a flat horizontal

base. The form is projected from a flat surface. There are
two types of relief – low relief or bas-relief which is slightly
from the flat surface; and high relief. Cagayan de Oro’s
Legendary River Monster is an example of relief sculpture.

Assemblage

This sculpture is formed by putting together materials

such as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges, wood
scraps, and other materials. A good example of this is
Lamberto Hechanova’s Man and Woman.

Kinetic Sculpture

This is considered as a sculpture in motion because

the entire sculpture or some parts of the sculpture are
moving with the wind or are vibrating with the
surrounding air.

Welded Sculptures

Creating these sculptures involve the process of.

connecting sheets of metal together by using an
acetylene or electric torch.

Use of Glass

A kind of sculpture where the medium of expression

used by the artist is glass.

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Symbolic Sculpture

It is a kind of sculpture in which an abstract idea is represented by means of

allegory and personification.

OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART:

Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual forms can be seen in every region
in the country. Some of them are even used by people on a regular basis. The
following are some of the visual arts used by various companies and offices:

Advertising Art

This refers to using paid space or time in any of the

media to inform and influence the public. This is used to
encourage the public to patronage certain goods and
services, or to support policies or persons.

Bamboo Art

This refers to works made of bamboo that may be

used for everyday purposes, for decorations or
ornaments.

Basketry

This refers to the art of creating containers by

weaving, plaiting, or braiding materials into hollow
three-dimensional shapes that can either be used for
carrying, storage and trapping animals.

Book Design

Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound pages that are filled
with text and / or images, and are protected by hard or soft covers.

Costumes

These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by individual
members in a particular society.

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Embroidery

This refers to the art of stitching ornaments on cloth

by hand.

Food Art

This involves packaging and / or presentation of food

in an artistic way. Food art involves enhancing the food
itself or its packaging in an artistic way.

Furniture

These are decorative and functional objects which are typically found in a public
or private dwelling or building. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

Komiks and Editorial Cartoon

Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of stories or events.

However, an editorial cartoon is a single-frame illustration that may either makes fun
of political leaders or institutions, or comments on current events. The komiks, on the
other hand, may use single or multiple frames with conversations of people or
animals placed inside “balloons”.

Leaf Art

Leaf art is used in religious rituals, food wrapping, and

even as a form of modern artistic expression. This makes
leaf. art different from basketry.

Mat Weaving

This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of organic fibers into mats”. These mats,
locally known as banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to fixed beds.

Metalcraft

This includes all objects made from metal using the processes of brass casting
and blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and silversmithing.

 Brass casting and blacksmithing

This process involves casting and forging pieces of brass or
bronze. Anting-anting or amulets are also created using this
process.

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  Goldsmithing and silversmithing
These processes involves the use of gold and silver in creating
objects and ornaments.
 Tinsmithing
Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating jeepneys, kalesas,
and cariton or ice cream cart.

Multimedia

This consist of works that involves the use of other senses in appreciating those
works aside from the sense of vision.

 Conceptual Art
In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a
situation, placing philosophical value in the process itself while negating
the importance of craftsmanship in arriving at a finished art object.
 Installation Art
In this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and
objects in an exhibition space to cast a new experience or idea.
 Performance Art
In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself
into an art object in motion and sound.

Paper Art

This involves the processes of cutting, pasting,

recycling, and / or constructing of objects from paper.
Paper art used to be limited with folk paper art such as
taka and higante from Angono, parol, pastillas, wrappings,
and kites.

Personal Ornaments

These are objects that are worn on the human body. Jewelry falls under this
form. These are worn either to enhance a part of the body of the wearer, to exhibit
rank or status, or to symbolize ritualistic and emotional states.

Photography

This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical

plate or film. Photographs are taken to serve as portraits and as propaganda which is
highly useful medium for an artist.

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Pottery

Pottery is a general term for decorative and useful

objects made from clay and set off at high temperatures.
This is frequently interchanged with “ceramics”. However,
it is important to note that application of ceramics is wider
and even includes industrial use.

 Earthenware or Terracotta
This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at
1,700-2,100 ᵒF.
 Stoneware
This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
 Porcelain
This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay
that is extra fine, white and feldspar.

Printmaking

This refers to transferring images from a firm surface, such as metal or wood , to
a pliable surface, such as cloth or paper, using pressure. This is different from
production because printmaking involves making the plate either by hand (of the
artist) or mixed with mechanical means.

Tattoo Art

This refers to a body adornment permanently

engraved on the skin using a sharp instrument and plant.
dyes or inks.

Textile Weaving

This refers to the process of creating cloth by

interweaving a series of parallel vertical threads with
another series of horizontal threads at right angles.

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 What’s More

Activity 2. Test your knowledge

Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement.
Write your answers on the space provided..

1. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the use
of a sharp instrument.
a. Leaf art c. Textile weaving
b. Tattoo art d. Multimedia
2. This kind of sculpture stands independently and has a flat base.
a. Free standing c. Assemblage
b. Relief d. Use of glass
3. This form of visual arts refers to the way food is packaged and / or presented
in an artistic way.
a. Tattoo art c. Food art
b. Printmaking d. Costumes
4. This contemporary type of sculpture involves placing together materials such
as found objects, pieces of paper, sponges, wood scraps, and other materials.
a. Assemblage c. Performance art
b. Advertising art d. Installation art
5. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical
plate or film.
a. Symbolic sculpture c. Bamboo art
b. Kinetic sculpture d. Photography
6. This is defined as a sculpture with its form projecting slightly from the flat
surface.
a. Conceptual art c. Relief
b. Pottery d. Photography
7. This form of visual arts involves braiding, plaiting, or weaving materials to
create hollow three-dimensional containers that can either be used for carrying,
storage, and trapping animals.
a. Basketry c. Printmaking
b. Textile weaving d. Personal ornaments
8. This is also known as a sculpture in motion.
a. Tattoo art c. Furniture
b. Metal craft d. Kinetic sculpture
9. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine
and white, and feldspar.
a. Stoneware c. Earthenware or Terracotta
b. Porcelain d. Ceramics
10. An example of this form of visual arts is the use of coconut leaves in wrapping
cooked rice.
a. Bamboo art c. Leaf art
b. Book design d. Metal craft

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Activity 3. Matching artworks

Match the artworks in column A with the corresponding form of visual arts in column B.

Column A Column B
1. Anting-anting A. Advertising art
2. Basey mat B. Bamboo art
3. Billboard showing C. Food art
a canned tuna product D. Mat weaving
4. Earrings E. Metalcraft
5. Kiping chandeliers F. Paper art
6. Lakub from Lanao G. Personal ornaments
7. Sapin-sapin H. Pottery
8. T’ nalak I. Sculpture
9. Kites J. Textile making
10. Terracotta jars

Activity 4: Your Turn

Fill in the Grid with what is asked.

Forms/themes of Sculpture Regions in the Philippines

What I Have Learned

Reflective Question:

What have you discovered from the lesson?

27
Remember these key points:

 These are kinds of sculpture:

o Free-standing
o Relief
o Assemblage
o Kinetic sculpture
o Welded sculptures
o Use of Glass
o Symbolic Sculpture
o Advertising art
o Bamboo art
o Basketry
o Book design
o Costumes
o Embroidery
o Food art
o Furniture
o Komiks and Editorial cartoon
o Leaf art
o Mat weaving
o Metalcraft
o Multimedia
o Paper art
o Personal ornaments
o Photography
o Pottery
o Printmaking
o Tattoo art
o Textile weaving

 Sculpture is created by either carving, modeling, or assembling

parts together.

What I Can Do

Activity 5. My Own Sculpture

Create your own sculpture. In making your sculpture, you can use objects or
materials found in your surroundings which you think helpful for making your desired
output (e.g. Soap for carving).

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RUBRICS:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
DESIGN The design is The design is It has an The design
well thought thought out. appropriate is not well
out. sizze and thought out.
shape but the
arrangement
is not very
attractive.
CREATIVITY Model is Model is Model is Model is not
original and original. original in original at
unique. some part. all.
EFFORT There is There is There is There is
evidence that evidence evidence that evidence
the student that the the student that the
worked very student showed some student
hard on all worked very effort. showed
aspcets hard most of little effort.
the time.

Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 3 successfully! Before going to the next
lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach

what I learned to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other

things that I need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need help

If you checked the first icon, you are ready for lesson 4. If you have checked
the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have
checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your
teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find it difficult. Be honest
so that you will truly improve.

29
 Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed

A question I have is

I’m not sure

I realized

30
 What’s In

Activity 1. Review

Write the key terms you learned in Sculpture. List them down in the box.

What Is It

Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual

arts. We can freely see architecture in our surroundings because architecture
involves designing the form of a building while allowing the building to serve its
function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”

Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects introduce

innovations when it comes to creating buildings and large structures. Even though
the design of buildings and homes are still Western-inspired, architects started to
appreciate Filipino social traditions and cultural values. In fact, local materials were
used by architects like Francisco Mañosa, a Filipino architect considered as one of
the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes and
buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to express these traditions and values
in architecture.

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FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE:

Domestic Buildings and Houses

Apartment

This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is

usually built in populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of
space and because of the increased buying power of the population, condominiums
were developed. These condominiums are larger offshoots of apartments.

Bahay na Bato

The bahay na bato is considered to be a residence

of. the wealthy. A typical two-storey bahay na bato
generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or
stone, and has a wooden upper level. The windows and
the level have grilles, while the windows at the upper
level have sliding shutters. The roof of a typical bahay
na bato slants on four sides.

Barong-barong

The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or
area. These are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces
along high walls, railroad tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage
dumps; or any vacant lot. Some of these barong-barong are built under bridges.

Bungalow

This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may
also have a terrace, which may be roofed or not.

Ethnic Houses

Bahay Kubo

The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of

Christian peasant families living in the lowland areas.
This is typically owned by families belonging in low
income groups.

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Houseboat

The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as dwelling. The Badjaos or
Sama Laut typically reside in houseboats.

One-and-a-Half Story House

The one-and-a-half story is characterized by an upper level or story covering just

a half of the lower level. This may also become a split-level house if half of the
ground level is higher in such a way that it is halfway between the ground level and
the upper level.

Split-level House

The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level
houses has the kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has the
bedrooms. These levels are separated by about half or less-than-half a story.

Tsalet

The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that has one story, a two-story
house with living quarters on the upper level, or an elevated one-story house. The
term tsalet came from the term “chalet” which refers to a peasant house in
Switzerland that has upper levels jutting over the lower levels, a steep roof and a
decorated gable.

Commercial Buildings

Market (Palengke)

This refers to a place or building for buying and selling

goods. This is also referred to as tindahan, and tiyangge.
Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into the
supermarket, which puts the wet market and the grocery
together in the same complex. The mall, or galleria,
is considered a more recent evolved form of the
palengke.

Buildings that house banks, business offices, and factories

These buildings have plain wall surfaces and large windows. These also have
bold rectangular forms and clean lines.

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Government Buildings

Capitol (Kapitolyo)

This refers to the building of the provincial

government. Most of the kapitolyo in the country use
columns and pediments in the exterior of the buildings.

Town Hall (Munisipyo)

This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the mayor,
the municipal council, the municipal court and jail, and other important offices such
as the municipal registrar’s office are located here. There are some instances,
however, when the municipal court and jail are housed in a separate building called
tribunal.

Public Buildings and Structures

School (Eskwelahan)

This refers to a place where young people are educated to become productive
members of the community. The most common style of the eskwelahan is
American-influenced, which featured a concrete structure elevated on stilts.

Kamalig

The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for storing grain. This is
considered to be the most economically significant structure among the tribes in
Northern Philippines. In some provinces, especially those in the lowland areas, the
bahay kubo or nipa hut can be used as a form of kamalig.

Masjid

The masjid or mosque refers to a place of worship of.

the Muslims. A typical Philippine mosque has the
following features: a tower called minaret, a prayer niche
called mihrab , the dome, arches that are reinforced with
pillars, and a pulpit called mimbar.

Cemetery (Sementeryo)

The cemetery is a place where people bury the dead. It has other names, such
as kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or
nichos surrounding the chapel. Nowadays, memorial parks are developed.

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Church (Simbahan)

The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a church

was designed usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs.

Movie House (Sinehan)

The sinehan is a place where people watch film or motion pictures.

Theatre (Teatro)

The teatro is a building for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations. This is
different from an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate building
compared to the former.

Other Forms and Structures

Fort (Kuta)

These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies.
These are usually found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow
passes, mountains, and waters.

Lighthouse (Parola)

The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that

ships will be able to pass through a narrow area safely.

Bridge (Tulay)

The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two

areas separated by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road.

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 What’s More

Activity 2. Test your knowledge

Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of Christian

families living in lowland areas.
a. Kamalig c. Bahay kubo
b. Masjid d. Church
2. This commercial building is a place for buying and selling goods.
a. Market c. Theatre
b. Movie house d. Tsalet
3. This house generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or stone and has
a wooden upper level.
a. Apartment c. Bahay kubo
b. Barong-barong d. Bahay na bato

4. Camp Evangelista of Cagayan de Oro is an example of this architecture.

a. Apartment c. Fort
b. Bahay kubo d. Market
5. Libingan ng mga bayani is an example of this architectural form.
a. Fort c. Market
b. Cemetery d. Movie house
6. A pulpit in a mosque is called a .
a. Mimbar c. Mihrab
b. Masjid d. Minaret
7. This is a place of worship for a Christian congregation.
a. Kamalig c. Church
b. Masjid d. Cemetery
8. The building of Cagayan de Oro Provincial Government is an example of this
architectural form.
a. Market c. Church
b. Capitol d. Bahay kubo
9. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the palengke or
market.
a. Market c. Bahay na bato
b. Mall/galleria d. Apartment
10. This domestic building is deemed as an evolved form of apartment.
a. Mall c. Capitol
b. Market d. Condominium

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Activity 3. Your Turn

Draw the following structural forms:

FORT (KUTA)

LIGHTHOUSE (PAROLA)

BRIDGE (TULAY)

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 What I Have Learned

Reflective Question:

What have you discovered from the lesson?

Remember these key points:

 Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional

branches of the visual arts.

 These are the Forms of Contemporary Architectures:

o Domestic buildings and houses
o Bungalow
o Ethnic houses
o One-and-a-Half Story house
o Split-level house
o Tsalet
o Commercial buildings
o Government buildings
o Public buildings and structures
o Kamalig
o Masjid
o Cemetery
o Church
o Movie house
o Theatre

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 What I Can Do

Activity 4. My Own Architecture

Create your own architecture. In making your architectural form, you may use objects
or materials found in your surroundings which you think helpful to make your desired
output (e.g. Popsicle sticks, broomsticks, barbeque stick, etc.). You can apply color
for a better output.

RUBRICS:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
CREATIVITY Both model Both model Both model Both model
and drawings and drawings and drawings and
are original are original. are original in drawings
and unique. some part. are not
original at
all
DEGREE OF Both model The Both model Neither
DIFFICULTY and drawings complexicty is and drawings complex in
are very not as high. are good, but any nature.
complex. not as
complex.
DESIGN An excellent A good design A fair design A poor
design which which would which would design
would work work well. work. would not
very well. work very
well.
EFFORT There is There is There is There is
evidence that evidence that evidence that evidence
the student the Student the Student that the
work very worked hard showed some Student
hard on all most of the effort. showed
aspects of the time. little effort.
assignment.

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Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 4 successfully! Before going to the next
lesson, check the icon that best shows your learning experience.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach

what I learned to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other

things that I need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need help

If you checked the first icon, you are ready for the next module. If you have
checked the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If
you have checked the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from
your teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find it difficult. Be
honest so that you will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed

A question I have is

I’m not sure

I realized

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 Assessment

Let us check how much you learned from this module’s coverage.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. This element refers to the way the surface or object looks as it may feel.
a. Time and motion c. Monochromatic
b. Texture d. Shape and mass
2. This refers to brightness and dullness of color.
a. Saturation c. Texture
b. Value d. Color scheme
3. This refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented by the color wheel.
a. Hue c. Space
b. Tetradic d. Color
4. This painting depicts scenes from ordinary life.
a. Nudes c. Genres
b. Landscapes d. Historical paintings

5. This is also known as sculpture in motion.

a. Book design c. Assemblage
b. Embroidery d. Kinetic sculpture
6. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the use
of a sharp instrument.
a. Tattoo art c. Advertising art
b. Mat weaving d. Welded sculpture
7. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical
plate or film.
a. Pottery c. Metalcraft
b. Photograph d. Symbolic sculpture
8. An example of this form of visual arts is the use of coconut leaves in wrapping
cooked rice.
a. Textile weaving c. Printmaking
b. Multimedia d. Leaf art
9. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the palengke or
market.
a. Ethnic house c. Government buildings
b. Movie house d. Mall/galleria
10. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of Christian
families living in lowland areas.
a. Masjid c. Bahay kubo
b. Apartment d. Bungalo

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