A Review of Evaluation of Cement Concrete by Partial Replacement of Natural Sand
A Review of Evaluation of Cement Concrete by Partial Replacement of Natural Sand
A Review of Evaluation of Cement Concrete by Partial Replacement of Natural Sand
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49502
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue III Mar 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
Abstract: Although fly ash as a partial replacement for cement has been utilized for many years, it has been almost exclusively
used in low-volume percentages, such as 10 or 20% cement replacement. In this study partial replacement of Natural sand with
Crushed stone waste for M 15 grade of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete of OPC concrete and with natural sand
and Crushed stone waste is compared and it has been found that the strength of concrete got increased. Work may be extended
with use of stone waste from different crushing plant. Different zones of stone waste can be formed from the result which will
give better understanding of type of stone waste that can be replaced for each zone. Thus it can be concluded that use of stone
dust can be effectively done for partial replacement of natural sand and better concrete can be achieved for structural use.
Optimum replacement value is about 30 to 40 percent. Thus its use will also ensure less cost and use of waste material causing
less environmental pollution.
Keywords: Compressive strength, natural sand, crushed stone, environmental pollution.
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a product obtained artificially by hardening of the mixture of cement, sand and coarse aggregate in predetermined
proportions. When these ingredients are mixed, they form plastic mass which when placed in form and cured with water becomes
hard. This hardening is the result of chemical action between water and the cement, which binds sand and coarse aggregates. This
process continues for a long period and consequently the concrete grows stronger in compression with age.
In today's world concrete is used in each and every construction activity. Today we have various types of cement, which can give us
the concrete of desired strength. In Maharashtra largely Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), basalt stone aggregates and river sand,
which is available locally is used. Strength of concrete varies with different proportion of the concrete ingredients, e.g. 1:2:4 known
as nominal mix refers to a particular concrete manufactured by mixing cement, sand and broken stone in 1:2:4 ratio (with specified
type of cement, water cement ratio and maximum size of aggregate.) Thus, selection of proportion is an important task in any
construction with concrete.
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 749
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue III Mar 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 750
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue III Mar 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
D. Replacing Natural Sand With Crushed Stone Dust, Manufactured Sand Foundry Sand Etc.
Tahir and et al (4) studied behaviour of concrete using crushed stone dust passing through 75 micron and 150-micron sieve. In test
carried out percentage of dust was varied from 0 to 30 %. It was observed that as percentage of dust increases slump of concrete
decreases. Hence more water was required to wet concrete, thus workability decreased. Compressive strength increased up to 10
percent replacement of sand. As the dust content exceed 10 percent compressive strength decreased. The reason for this is, when
dust content exceed 10 percent the amount of fines in the concrete increases so much that there is not enough cement paste to coat
all coarse aggregate and fine aggregate particles and this consequently leads to decrease in compressive strength. A.D. Pofle and et
al (1) found that compressive strength of concrete with stone dust increases up to 80 percent at 7 days. Shukla M and et al(2) carried
out test on use of Stone Dust partially replacing sand in mortar and in concrete and concluded compressive strength increases when
replacement is upto 40-60 %. If percentage of stone dust was increased beyond 60 % test result gave decreased compressive strength
B. P. Hudson (11) used Manufactured sand, which contains particle of size less than 75 micron about 15-20%. He investigated that
it does not have detrimental effect on concrete quality. Reason is unlike natural sand risk of contamination in this size is minimized.
His investigations were based on test he carried out by varying fine particle percentage in natural and crushed sand from 0 to 20 %.
Compressive Strength of concrete with manufactured sand increased with fine particle as compared with concrete containing natural
sand and fine particle. Due to fine particle resulting concrete with crushed stone sand is dense. Denser concrete is more durable and
less permeable. T.S. Nagraj and Zahida Banu (12) carried series of test using granite stone dust as fine aggregate and pebbles as
coarse aggregate in concrete mix designed for 65 N/mm2 and low workability. Test results revealed that more cement is required as
in comparison with sand to satisfy workability. In the hardened state rock dust and sand mixes reflect same concrete strength thus
enhancing the utilization of rock dust. Pebbles due to smooth edge surface texture reduce concrete strength, thus reflecting the effect
of mortar aggregate bond strength. Paul Tikaslsky and et al (8) used foundry sand in Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM).
CLSM is a self-compacting and self-leveling cementious material use primarily as a back fill in lieu of compacted fill. Typically,
CLSM consist of sand, Fly Ash, Cement and water (mortar) Typical mixture contains 80 to 85 % of sand, 10 to 15 % Fly ash, and 5
to 10 % cement by mass. He observed that foundry sand assist in keeping strength from exceeding the upper compressive strength
limit.
REFERENCES
[1] A.D. Pofale and S.S. Kulkarni, "Comparative Study Of Strength Properties Of Concrete Mixes With Natural Sand Replaced Fully Or Partially By Crushed
Stone Powder From Aggregate Crushing Plant Waste", National Seminar on Advances in Special Concretes, Indian Concrete lnstitute(kc), 23-24 Jan 1998,
Banglore, pp 227- 240.
[2] Shulkla M. and et al, "Performance of Stone Dust As Fine Aggregate Replacing Sand in Concrete and Mortar", National Seminar on Advances in Special
Concretes, Indian Concrete lnstitute(kc), 23-24 Jan 1998, Banglore, pp 241-248. M. Wegmuller, J. P. von der Weid, P. Oberson, and N. Gisin, “High
resolution fiber distributed measurements with coherent OFDR,” in Proc. ECOC’00, 2000, paper 11.3.4, p. 109.
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[4] Tahir Celik and Khaled Marar, Effects of Crushed Stone Dust on Some Properties of Concrete", Cement and Concrete Research, vol 26., No.7, 1996, pp 1121-
1130.
[5] Alan D. Buck, " Recycled Concrete as a Source of Aggregate", AOl Journal, May 1977, pp 212-219.
©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 751
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue III Mar 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com
[6] V.M. Maihotra and G.G. Carette, Performace of Concrete Incorporating Lime Stone Dust as Partial Replacement for Sand ", ACI Journal May-June 1985, pp
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[7] Ali R. Khaloo, Properties of Concrete Using Crushed Clinker Brick as Coarse Aggregate", ACt Materials Journal, July- August 1994, pp 401407.
[8] Paul Tikasisky and et al., Properties of Controlled Low- Strength Material containing Foundry Sand", ACI Materials Journal, Nov-Dec 2000, pp 698-701.
[9] Amjad Masood and et al. ," Variation in Strength of Concrete on Addition of Demolished Waste", The Indian Concrete Journal, August 1998, pp 395-399
[10] Ahmed E and et at." Properties of Concrete Incorporating Natural and Crushed Stone very Fine Sand", ACI Materials Journal, July-August 1989, pp 417-424.
[11] B. P. Hudson," Manufactured Sand For Concrete", The Indian Concrete Journal, May 1997, pp 237-240.
[12] T. S. Nagaraj amd Zahida Banu," Efficient utilization of Rock Dust and Pebbles as Aggregate in Portland Cement Concrete", The Indian Concrete Journal, Jan
1996, pp 53-56
[13] IS 269 "Specifications of ordinary and low heat portland cement" - Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, 1970
[14] IS 383 " Specification of coarse and fine aggregate from Natural source of Concrete"- Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, 1970
[15] IS 456 "Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete"- Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi, 2000
[16] M.S. Shetty "Concrete Technology" - S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi
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