Research 1 Module 1 L1 L4
Research 1 Module 1 L1 L4
Research 1 Module 1 L1 L4
Quarter 1- Module 1:
Nature of Inquiry and Research
Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Nature of Inquiry and Research
INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE
1. In order to achieve the objectives of this module, here’s a simple guide for you:
2. Read and follow instructions carefully.
3. Answer the pretest before going through the lessons.
4. Take note and record points for clarification.
5. Compare your answers against the key to answers found at the end of the module.
6. Do the activities and fully understand each lesson.
7. Answer the self-check to monitor what you learned in each lesson.
8. Answer the posttest after you have gone over all the lessons.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Learning Objectives 1
Pretest 2
Lesson 1 The Importance of Research in Daily Life
I. What is Research? 3
II. Nature of Inquiry 3
III. Investigation and Immersion 4
IV. Difference between Inquiry and Research 4
V. Purpose of Research 4
VI. Importance of Research in daily Life 4
Post test 9
Pretest 11
Lesson 2 The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
I. Characteristics of Research 13
II. The Seven Steps of a Research Process 14
III. Ethics in Research 15
IV. Rights of Research Participants 17
V. Ethical Standards in Research Writing 18
Post test 24
Pretest 27
Lesson 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Research
I. When to use Qualitative versus s Quantitative 28
Research
II. Differences: Qualitative Research versus 29
Quantitative Research
III. Similarities: Qualitative Research and Quantitative 32
Research
Post test 36
Pretest 38
Lesson 4. The Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry
I. Kinds of Research across Fields of Inquiry 39
Post test 46
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Every day you encountered various problems in any facets of life be it social,
political, environmental and personal. It may link between persons, groups or an
organization. In this case, there must be a solution not only to resolve it but can be a
progress that everybody benefited from it. As a learner how can you find a solution to
these problems that is based on knowledge not on ordinary beliefs, predictions or
theories? You need to have this knowledge through organized and well-planned
procedures that are accurate and useful. Thus, you need to do research.
Research is asking what you know and think. It helps us to inquire on the right
information. It is of great importance to man in everyday life. The quality of man’s life
is improved through research making it easier and valuable from simple to modern.
Research develops you to an attitude to not believe everything easily available and
seek for truth - Research sharpens our mind to give a judicious vision to look. It is a
catalyst in solving complex issues in different sectors including health,
communications, business and the environment.
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to be able to:
What I know
Direction:
A. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes
research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
_1. There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
_2. To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should
avoid listening to another researcher.
_3. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she
is studying.
_4. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer
to the question asked by the researcher.
_5. The researcher has the final say in his findings.
B. Underline the words in the box that are related to the definition of research.
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1This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City.
What’s in?
In yo ur junior high school, you learned that research is essential knowing that
it is used in your daily life. It will enable you for inquiry and research in finding solutions
to problems especially in real life situations. Sharing your experiences and knowledge
on the importance of research develops your skills to think critically and relate it in
every decision you do.
What’s New?
I. What is Research?
Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or
investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for
truth, information, or knowledge.
V. Purpose of Research
1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To augment knowledge in a field or study.
What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the importance of research in daily life. Answer the following
questions briefly on the blanks provided.
1. Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research? Share
and describe your experiences .What are your challenges and difficulties?
__
2. As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily life?
__
What’s more?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Let’s check how well do you know about research. Write your answers on the space
provided.
1. Research is different from inquiry because the later will ask you a question .If
inquiring is synonymous with investigation then what makes inquiry different
from research which also investigates?
2. Research in our daily life help us to understand various issues in life leading
to a solution, in what way does research empowers you with knowledge to
learn new things?
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What I can do
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Additional Activities
Interview your classmate or a friend about their plans after senior high school.
.Ask them how research played a major role in their chosen track or strand. Make a
report about it and share it to your teacher.
Write your report using a narrative format. Make use of the notes you wrote
down before and after you conducted your interview to flesh out the report. The first is
the brief detail about what the report is, who is the interviewee and the location of the
interview. Then break up the interview into paragraphs, like narrating a story and finally
a conclusion paragraph to end your report.
Assessment
Direction:
A. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a
research, FALSE if you think it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
_1. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer
to the question asked by the researcher.
_2. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is
studying.
_3. The researcher has the final say in his findings.
_4.To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid
listening to another researcher.
_5.There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
B Underline the words in the box that are related to the definition of research.
1This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City.
REFERENCES:
9
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lOMoAR cPSD| 16484359
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store. Manila
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City.
https://www.slideshare.net/annnams1/lesson-1-nature-of-inquiry-and-research
https://rdcastro1.wordpress.com/2017/12/04/practical-research-1-quiz-1-reviewer/
https://studentniche.blogspot.com/2017/06/practical-research-lesson-1.html
What I know
1. All the data to be reported should include all facts and accuracy.
a. Honesty
b. Objectivity
c. Competence
d. Care
2. Whatever agreed upon by the participants must be actualized.
a. Integrity
b. Legality
c. Social Responsibility
d. Responsible Publication
3. The researchers should accept all comments and considerations.
a. Openness
b. Respect for intellectual property
c. Non-discrimination
d. Responsible mentoring
4. When a paper is already submitted to a publication, no submission to another
should be done.
a. Objectivity
b. Legality
c. Care
d. Responsible Publication
5. The researcher should be fully equipped with research skills when conducting the
study.
a. Confidentiality
b. Competence
c. Legality
d. Openness
6. An experience researcher should impart knowledge to his or her students.
a. Responsible Publication
b. Non-discrimination
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility
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7. The researcher should ensure that the participants will not be adversely affected
by the research and its results.
a. Care
b. Human subjects protection
c. Respect for colleagues
d. Social Responsibility.
8. Any participants to any research activity must not be forced to take part in the
study.
a. Voluntary participation
b. Informed consent
c. Risk of harm
d. Social responsibility
9. Informed consent for a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Talking to him or her privately
b. Surprising him or her with a questionnaire
c. Writing him or her a letter
d. Using a padrino system
10. Confidentiality of a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Asking the participant to write his or her name in the questionnaire
b. Not mentioning his or her name in the Participants of the study section
c. Introducing himself or herself in an interview
d. Taking his or her picture
1This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City.
12
What’s in?
(
In the previous lessons, you learned the meaning of research and its
importance in your daily life. Research is different from inquiry. When you inquire or
investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for
truth, information, or knowledge. The importance of research helps improved life as
well as finding a solution to problems through reliable and validated information.
What’s New?
I. Characteristics of Research1
_
1For more information on this Characteristics of Research, see Calmorin,E.&
Calmorin,A.(2015).Research Methods and Thesis Writing. Retrieved from http:/www.
https://www.rexestore.com/e-books/
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Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related
Literature).
Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research)
and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for quantitative
research) (Data Gathering Activities).
Step 5. Process and analyse data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research)
and statistical tools (for quantitative research).
Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.
1For more information on this Seven Steps of the Research Process, see Abdullah, S.N.
(2018).Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu./ppt
14
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct of research which
educates and monitors researchers to ensure high standard. It promotes the aim of
research, such as expanding knowledge and supports the values required for
collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness.
2. Honesty.It report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do
not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.
4. Integrity.Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for
consistency of thought and action.
1For more information on this Ethics of Research, see Abdullah, S.N. (2018).Practical Research 1:
Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
15
6. Openness. Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and
new ideas.
9. Responsible Mentoring. Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their
welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.
11. Respect for Colleagues. Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do
not outsmart others.
12. Social responsibility. Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate
social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.
14. Competence. Maintain and improve your own professional competence and
expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence
in science as a whole.
15. Legality. Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.
16. Animal Care. Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in
research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
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1. Human Rights. They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards
of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They
constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity,
inherent to all human beings.
2. Intellectual Property. It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and
a commercial value.
Examples:
a. Downloading movies and music without proper payment for use.
b. Recording movies in a theatre
c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission
d. Copying software code without giving proper credit
e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips
5. Anonymity. It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name
or not exposing their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which
informant’s name is not given nor known.
6. Privacy. It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret.
It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.
Plagiarism
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Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes,
and results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized
use of original works, a violation of intellectual property rights.
2. The first step of research process is to develop your topic or research problem.
What is the importance of considering those factors in selecting a research problem?
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3. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.
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4. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?
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5. A research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?
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What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
2. What are the various research ethics and rights of a research participant
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What’s more?
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increase the likelihood that the most effective (candidate) vaccines will
ultimately become available), (c) validate tests of immunity, and (d)
improve knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.2
Questions:
1. Based on the article, how will you define ethics in research?
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2. Are SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission.study on humans rather than animal
models unethical?
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3. If you were a part of the research teams conducting such phenomenon, what will
you do to correct the unethical feature of the experiment?
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Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. Research process is a step by step procedure that guides the researcher in
conceptualizing and conducting the research. These seven steps are
_
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2World Health Organization (2020). Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 .human
challenge studies. WHO/2019-nCoV/Ethics criteria/2020.1
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_ _
4. What are some tips to avoid plagiarism when one is conducting research?
What I can do
Answer the following question and write your answers on a space provided.
1. How do you characterize good research writing?
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Additional Activities
Assessment
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b. Legality
c. Care
d. Responsible Publication
5. The researcher should be fully equipped with research skills when conducting the
study.
a. Confidentiality
b. Competence
c. Legality
d. Openness
6. All the data to be reported should include all facts and accuracy.
a. Honesty
b. Objectivity
c. Competence
d. Care
7. Whatever agreed upon by the participants must be actualized.
e. Integrity
f. Legality
g. Social Responsibility
h. Responsible Publication
8. The researchers should accept all comments and considerations.
a. Openness
b. Respect for intellectual property
c. Non-discrimination
d. Responsible mentoring
9. Informed consent for a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Talking to him or her privately
b. Surprising him or her with a questionnaire
c. Writing him or her a letter
d. Using a padrino system
10. Confidentiality of a participant is best exemplified in which of the following
actions?
a. Asking the participant to write his or her name in the questionnaire
b. Not mentioning his or her name in the Participants of the study section
c. Introducing himself or herself in an interview
d. Taking his or her picture
1This set of questions presented in the post-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. &
Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City.
REFERENCES
24
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store.Manila.
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City
World Health Organization (2020). Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-
19 .human challenge studies. WHO/2019-nCoV/Ethics criteria/2020.1
https://www.slideshare.net/jedliam/meaning-and-characteristics-of-research
https://www3.nd.edu/~pkamat/pdf/ethics.pdf
http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
https://www.fhi360.org/sites/all/libraries/webpages/fhiretc2/Resources/RETC2_Test_
and_Evaluations.pdf
1.Objective
2.Subjective
3.Naturalistic
4.To validate the already constructed theory
5.Open-Ended Questions
6.Highly-structured Research
7.Hypothesis
8.Multiple Methods
9.Pure words, phrases, sentences, compositions
and Stories are used in data analysis
10.No criteria
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What’s in?
(
What’s New?
Qualitative data adds the details and can also give a human voice to your survey
results.
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DESIGN
TYPES
Ethnography Experimental Research
Grounded Theory Pre-Experimental
True-Experimental
Case Study
Quasi-Experimental
Discourse Analysis
Phenomenology
Non-Experimental
Historical Research Research
(Survey Research)
Narrative Report
1. Descriptive Research
Biography 2.Comparative Research
3.Correlational Research
1. Scholarly Chronicle
2. Intellectual
Biography Action Research
3. Life History Writing
4. Memoir Biography
5. Narrative Biography
Qualitative Quantitative
It aims to create new theory The purpose is to test a
based on the gathered data. hypothesis or theory.
Objective
A fact-finding research used to Measures problem using rating
gain understanding of individual scale and other research
differences in terms of feelings parameters of group
and experiences. similarities.
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Example: Example:
Guide questions for the Strongly agree to strongly
interviews disagree
In quantitative research closed
1. What was your experiences ended questions are the basis
during quarantine period on the of all statistical analysis
COVID-19 pandemic? How did techniques applied on
you handle the situation caused questionnaires and surveys.
by the pandemic?
2. Was the support of the Sample Question:
National and Local Government Do you agree on onlinemodality
enough for your basic needs?Did class in transitioning the new
they conduct evaluation for those normal of education?
who were affected? a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
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Inductive Deductive
The researcher starts with the Starts from a hypothesis or
Activities observations, an open mind already created theory
without biases, gathering all emphasizing the previously
exact details of the topic and researched phenomenon from
generalization or new theory is different views (tested against
given towards the end of the observations).
research process.
Uses both inductive and deductive
They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Subjective Objective
Data Analysis
Data analysis is influenced by The researcher employs
the personal experiences and
standard criteria in analyzing
views.
data.
1 Formore information on these Designs of Research, see Abdullah, S.N. (2018).Practical Research 1:
Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu./ppt
2 For more information on “Differentiate Qualitative and Quantitative Research”, see Abdullah, S.N.
(2018).Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research [PowerPoint slides].Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu./ppt
30
1. How do you define the two designs of research: qualitative and quantitative?
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What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned to differentiate quantitative from qualitative research.
1. In one sentence, differentiate a quantitative research from qualitative research?
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What’s more?
Direction: Using a Venn Diagram below, illustrate the differences and similarities
between a quantitative and qualitative method of research by filling in completely the
Venn diagram presented in the next page.
Similarities
Natural Dependent on
Setting Both are rigorous & statistical tool
uses textual form in
data analysis
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Complete the box by filling out the missing description of qualitative or quantitative
research.
Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
1. Dependent on statistical tools
No conclusions formulated. 8.
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What I can do
What do the figures below mean? Explain and write your answer below.
Additional Activities
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35
Assessment
Direction: Determine whether each word or group of words indicates
Qualitative Research or Quantitative Research.
1.Naturalistic
2.To validate the already constructed theory
3.Hypothesis
4.Multiple Methods
5.No criteria
6.Pure words, phrases, sentences,
compositions and stories are used in data
analysis
7.Open-Ended Questions
8.Highly-structured Research
9. Objective
10.Subjective
36
REFERENCES
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store. Manila
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon City
http://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-qualitative-
research-and-quantitative-research/
37
What I know
Modified Identification
Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by
choosing your answers from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on
the space provided below each number.
A. Science Research
B. Fisheries research
C. Information & Communication Technology Research
D. Arts Based Research
E. Business Research
F. Humanities Research
G. Agriculture Research
H. Sports Research
I. Mathematics Research
J. Social Science Research
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Lesson
The Kinds of Research Across
4 Fields
Developing an interest in different kinds of research will help you look into
something that affects your personality or your life in some important way. If you are
interested on a topic you are researching, you will enjoy reading and learning about it.
To define clearly the types of research in areas of interest you want to embark, focus
your scientific skills, your passion and ideas. It supports you to connect to your
career path. The examples of research in areas of interest will lead you to choose
specific topic of your research study which you will be exploring to create new
knowledge.
What’s in?
(
Review
In the previous lessons, you learned about research methods to be used in your
particular field of study. Whatever methods are used, there are many resources to
support research, and any number of variations to the basic methods. Choosing a
method of research that is adaptable in your study as a learner guides you to start
making a decision on what topic you want to pursue.
What’s New?
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40
Information and Aim to adapt current technology 1. The Role of ICT in the New
Communication advancement which enhances Normal Education
Technology (ICT) development of resources.
Research 2. Exploring the Interactive
Computer Simulation in Public
Schools
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2. Implementation of Enhanced
Community Quarantined in Low
Risk Area of Misamis.Oriental.
2. How do samples of research in different areas of interest help you in writing the
research proposal?
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What is it?
Discussion of Activity 1
You just learned the kinds and samples of research in areas of interest. Answer
the following questions on the space provided.
1. What are your views in using the samples of the research papers presented
previously in areas of your interest?
2. Can you write your qualitative research proposal through the use of such pattern
from the sample research paper?
What’s more?
Enrichment Activity
Choose two researches from the different areas of interest like those in the field of
arts, humanities, sports, science, mathematics, business, agriculture, fisheries, ICT
and social science. Be able to differentiate your chosen topics. Highlight their
similarities and differences.
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Identify the specific area of interest for each given topic by writing the letter of
each type in the correct column. Likewise, below the letter representing your answer,
write the importance of such research in your daily life.
A. Digital Age
B. Child in Conflict with the Law
C. Classroom Environment
D. Herbal Medicines
E. Financial Management
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What I can do
Additional Activities
Think of your own topic for research which you would like to work on. Keep in
mind what you have learned from this lesson to justify the specific research type for
each chosen topic. Write your “top two” most interesting topics below.
1)
2)
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Assessment
Modified Identification
Direction: For the following research titles, identify from which field it belongs to by
choosing your answers from the box below. Write only the letter as your answer on
the space provided below each number.
K. Science Research
L. Fisheries research
M. Information & Communication Technology Research
N. Arts Based Research
O. Business Research
P. Humanities Research
Q. Agriculture Research
R. Sports Research
S. Mathematics Research
T. Social Science Research
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REFERENCES
Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Ist ed. Rex Book Store. Manila
Calmorin, L.P. (2016).Research and Thesis Writing with Statistics and Computer
Application. Rev.ed.Rex Book Store
Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High
School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc. Quezon City.
https://sites.google.com/deped.gov.ph/research1
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17z5_eXy2wp-LDVgBaBrrvIHqLtD-
JIarMDe0jOi0VX0/edit?usp=sharing
http://www.umsl.edu/~lindquists/qualdsgn.html
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1KYoixU3L9SerYAYcurbHOZ0IM0Vsdz6z
47
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