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1 UL Cloud Air Solution Introduction
LTE
2U 100% downlink sharing
+80% vs L5MHz
UMTS2'
UMTS1 LTE
Downstream UMTS
1U
only 140-150% vs U5MHz*
Downlink U&L share 5MHz,Uplink LTE only
UMTS
Time 2 Scenario 2: The UMTS network capacity ≤ 1 carrier, in the later stage of refarming.
Solution: UMTS and LTE Spectrum Sharing Phase 2
Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Value: In the case of a single carrier, UMTS shares a maximum of 2.6 MHz with LTE, a thin
UMTS capacity requirement UMTS capacity requirement
network with the last carrier.
> 1 carrier ≤ 1 carrier
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Solution Value: U>1Carrier + Best LTE Experience
LTE
UMTS1 UMTS2' DC-HSDPA
UE
UMTS1 UMTS2 LTE
/
U 10 MHz
UMTS DC PCC
L10MHz
UMTS DC 2nd carrier, which is used only
UMTS LTE for the downlink HSDPA channel.
140-150% vs U5MHz +80% vs L5MHz
(considering the LTE PRB
Total bandwidth ≥ 15 MHz (If usage of 30%)
UMTS1 uses 4.2 MHz, 14.6
Application Scenario
MHz can be deployed.)
1 Total bandwidth ≥ 15 MHz 2 UMTS traffic 3 LTE Experience and
(If U1 uses 4.2 MHz, BW requirements Capacity
≥ 14.6 MHz) >1C Improvement
Requirements
Note: It is recommended that the number of UEs in the primary and secondary cells do not exceed 60.
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Solution Value: UMTS ≤ 1 Carrier + More LTE Bandwidth, Minimum Spectrum Reserved for
UMTS
UMTS and LTE Spectrum Sharing Phase 1 UMTS and LTE Spectrum Sharing Phase 2
(SRAN13.1) (SRAN15.1)
Static sharing TTI-level dynamic sharing
U3.2+L11.8@15M U5+L12.6@15M
LTE LTE
UMTS UMTS
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Gains: UL Static Sharing and UL Dynamic Sharing
After UL CloudAIR is enabled, UMTS shares part spectrum with LTE, and the LTE interference to UMTS is greater than that when the standard UMTS bandwidth is
used. As a result, the uplink and downlink capacities of UMTS cells decrease, the RRC connection setup success rate decreases, and the drop rate increases.
UL Static Spectrum Sharing: UMTS capacity degrade UL Static Spectrum Sharing: LTE Capacity Gain
UMTS Bandwidth cell capacity after bandwidth compression / cell capacity with 5 MHz bandwidth Configured LTE Minimum LTE Cell DL Capacity Gain Lower
3.2 MHz 35%~40%
Bandwidth available bandwidth Limit
3.4 MHz 40%~45%
3.6 MHz 45%~50%
3.8 MHz 50%~55% 10 MHz 6.6 MHz 22% more than with 5 MHz of
4 MHz 55%~60% LTE bandwidth
3.6MHz~5MHz 45%~80%
3.8MHz~5MHz 50%~80%
4MHz~5MHz 55%~80%
4.2MHz~5MHz 60%~85%
4.4MHz~5MHz 85%~90%
4.6MHz~5MHz 90%~95%
4.8MHz~5MHz
7 95%~100%
Huawei Confidential
Gains: UL 0 DC
The UL 0 DC feature provides the negative gains in UMTS capacity:
The overall objective of this solution is to decrease the downlink PS capacity on the UMTS side to 20% - 70% of the original UMTS capacity.
LTE PRB usage UMTS downlink PS capacity
10% 60%-70%
30% 40%-50%
50% 20%-30%
⚫ Compared with the baseline standard 20W 5MHz cell, the virtual DC cell uses the 20W 5MHz bandwidth. The UMTS/LTE PSD (Power Spectral Density) ratio is 1:1. If the
LTE bandwidth after reconstruction is 10MHz, the total power of the LTE network is 40W. The PSD ratio of the UMTS primary carrier / UMTS secondary carrier is 1:1.
⚫ If the power configuration does not meet the preceding conditions, the gains of the UMTS and LTE Spectrum Sharing cell need to be adjusted as follows:
− If the PSD ratio of UMTS secondary carrier / LTE carrier is 1:1 before feature activation, the UMTS secondary carrier’s configuration remains unchanged, the PSD ratio
of the UMTS secondary carrier / LTE carrier will be changed to 2:1, the UMTS capacity increases by about 10%.
− When the UMTS/LTE PSD ratio is 1:2, the interference from LTE will be increased compared with UMTS/LTE PSD ratio is 1:1. The UMTS cell capacity will be 5% - 10%
lower than the UMTS cell capacity with the 1:1 PSD ratio.
Configured LTE Bandwidth Minimum LTE available bandwidth Maximum LTE available bandwidth Cell DL Capacity Gain Lower Limit
10 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 80% more than with 5 MHz of LTE bandwidth
15 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 35% more than with 10 MHz of LTE bandwidth
Note: The preceding capacity gains are evaluated based on the assumption that the capacity of LTE 10MHz is twice that of LTE 5MHz, the capacity of LTE 15MHz is 1.5 times that of LTE 10
MHz, and the capacity of LTE 20MHz is 1.3 times that of LTE 15MHz. The following table lists the mapping between LTE bandwidths and capabilities.
If the traffic statistics KPIs in Table 2-2 cannot meet the requirements in Table 2-1, perform drive tests to evaluate the capacity gain. Alternatively, disable the UMTS feature and check
whether the standard bandwidth can meet the capacity gain requirement.
⚫ The
8 gainHuawei
specifications can be met only when the LTE PRB usage is greater than 20%.
Confidential
Deployment Requirements and Delivery Risks
1. Spectral overlapping is prohibited: If ICS (Indoor Connected System) or micro sites are deployed in the deployment area, check whether the spectrum of these sites
overlaps that of the UL CloudAIR sites. If yes, perform frequency refarming for the ICS or micro sites. (The frequencies used by the ICS or sites cannot interfere with those
used by the macro sites.)
2. LTE Only intra-frequency spectrum alignment: Check whether there are LO sites working on the same frequency band in the deployment area. If there are, the LTE
spectrum of the LO sites can only use the LTE exclusive spectrum to enable the standard bandwidth.
3. UMTS Only intra-frequency spectrum alignment: Check whether there are UO sites working on the same frequency band in the deployment area. If yes, (1) If the UO sites
use spectrums that are not shared by UMTS networks, no reconstruction is required. (2) If UMTS spectrum sharing is involved at a UMTS only site, frequency replanning or UL
CloudAIR must be performed. The hardware and license requirements must be the same as those in the area where this feature is enabled. Alternatively, the UMTS Non-
Standard Bandwidth feature must be enabled.
4. Mixed networking is prohibited: In mixed networking scenarios, LTE cannot effectively share UMTS frequencies, affecting the performance gain on the LTE side. In addition,
the number of sites in the buffer zone increases significantly, affecting the performance on the UMTS side. Therefore, it is recommended that this feature be deployed in a
entire area.
5. Buffer zone planning: Select relatively isolated areas for verification to reduce the number of sites in the buffer zone. The less sites in the buffer zone, the better.
6. Evolution solution: The prerequisite for enabling CloudAir is that the LTE network has stable KPIs (for example, the LTE network is evolved from 5MHz to 10MHz and shares
2.4MHz bandwidth). It is not recommended that CloudAir be enabled when no LTE network is deployed, this prevents large-scale feature rollback due to unclear problem
demarcation (LTE basic network problems or CloudAir feature activation problems that cause LTE KPIs to fail to meet the requirements),.
7. Pilot verification: Pilot verification must be performed for the first time feature activation (10 - 30 sites are recommended). Confirm the acceptance criteria through pilot
verification and reach an agreement with the customer. After the pilot verification is complete, expand the deployment area. The selected pilot cluster must include typical
scenarios to effectively guide subsequent large-scale deployment. If the number of pilot sites is too small, the KPI will fluctuate greatly. For example, in project A in country T,
only 1 site is enabled with the U/L dynamic feature. The CS call drop rate fluctuates greatly because the sample space is too small (the average users is 1.x).
8. UMTS load requirements: The UMTS cell load cannot be too high (for example, the average TCP > 60%) to ensure that the UMTS traffic volume will not be affected due to
capacity restrictions after the feature is enabled.
9. LTE cell load requirements: The LTE cell load cannot be too low (for example, the PRB usage < 20%) to ensure that the LTE traffic volume and single-user data rate will
increase significantly after the feature is enabled. For example, this feature can be verified in traffic suppression scenarios (for example, the PRB usage > 80%).
10. UMTS/LTE co-coverage networking: The U/L co-site co-coverage ratio must be 1:1. The antennas should share the same azimuth and downtilt. Otherwise, the near-far
effect affects KPIs.
11. PSD: To reduce co-channel interference between UMTS and LTE, the PSD of UMTS and LTE must be 1:1.
12. Mutually exclusive features: Before enabling CloudAIR, check the mutually exclusive features and ensure that the mutually exclusive features are disabled to prevent
CloudAIR activation failures caused by mutually exclusive features.
13. Hardware requirements: CloudRAN, Small Cell (LampSite/Micro/Pico), and BBU3910C; The WBBP, LBBPc, LBBPd1, LBBPd2, LBBPd3, and LBBPd4 are not supported. For
details, see the appendix.
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Buffer zone deployment recommendation for UL spectrum sharing
General principles:
I. Bufferzone does not need to be deployed in the following scenarios:
① Station spacing is large enough:When the distance between the UL CloudAIR area and the non-CloudAIR area boundary station is large enough (>1km), no
deployment is required. Otherwise, you need to consider deploying Bufferzone.
② LTE uplink spectrum does not overlap with UMTS core 3.8MHz spectrum:When the LTE exclusive spectrum bandwidth is greater than 5.8MHz, the UL CloudAIR
carrier LTE uplink does not use the UL shared spectrum. The Bufferzone area does not need to deploy the Bufferzone for the UMTS carrier; otherwise, it needs to be
deployed. LTE 15 MHz
UMTS 5MHz (DL:12.6MHz available,
UL:10MHz available)
LTE(CloudAIR)
… …
LTE’(CloudAIR)
Bufferzone UL Sharing 2.6MHz
UMTS’(Not CloudAIR)
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Case 1: UMTS KPIs Degradation of U/L2100 CloudAir due to LTE Only Mixed Deployment
Scenario:
UMTS KPIs deteriorate beyond expectations when LTE 10MHz only
sites are mixedly deployed between UL Cloudair sites.
Root cause:
LTE 10MHz only sites cause interference to UMTS of UL shared sites
in the downlink (with completely overlapped 5MHz). As a result,
UMTS KPIs deteriorate beyond expectations, the Ec/No deteriorates
by 1 dB, and the capacity deteriorates by 15%.
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Case 2: LTE KPIs Degradation of U/L900 CloudAir due to UMTS Only Mixed Deployment
Scenario:
UMTS and LTE Spectrum Sharing is enabled at sites in yellow, and UMTS 900 only sites are in purple, forming a serious mixed network.
Root cause:
The U900 only sites are mixedly deployed between UL Cloudair sites, the near-far effect (far from the UL shared site but close to the
UMTS only site) causes strong interference from the UMTS only site in the downlink of the LTE shared site. As a result, the LTE RACH
SR, SINR, CDR, and HOSR deteriorate more than expected.
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Content
1 UL Cloud Air Solution Introduction
UMTS LTE
UMTS LTE
2.6M shard
2.6M shard
C
UMTS NodeB A LTE eNodeB
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Eliminate the interference from U NodeB to L UE.
UMTS downlink ms-level dynamic filtering
Principles of downlink ms level daynamic filter:
1 Time
…
① At TTIi-σ the eNodeB L2 (MAC) calculates the PRB will be used at
TTI i+1-σ
… … TTIi according to the scheduling rule, and transfers the
calculated information to baseband L1 (PHY) for coding and
TTI i-σ
… …
modulation, finally RF module sends LTE signal at the TTIi
Frequency
moment.
② The eNodeB sends usage of spectrum information to NodeB
eNodeB through inner private interface of base-station.
PRB Modulatio 4
2 Schedule
…
n ③ After NodeB receiving the spectrum information from eNodeB at
Time
TTIi-σ+ξ, the baseband L1 (PHY) of NodeB precisely aligns the
…
LTE Delay : σ
M Private TTI i+1 time-domain and frequency-domain bits of the UMTS and LTE
Interference Delay : ξ …
B Interference …
T
signals. The baseband of NodeB filters out the part occupied by
NodeB
S
Dynamic Modulatio
TTI i … … the LTE in the UMTS spectrum, and then the baseband signal is
…
Frequency sent to the radio frequency module for modulation and sent at
Filtering n
3 shared spectrum
TTI i+1-σ+ξ data.
Idle PRB in UMTS and LTE
shared spectrum Notice:Only co-coverage UMTS and LTE cells support real-
TTI i-σ+ξ
time information exchange and dynamic filtering.
Frequency
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Eliminate the interference from L UE to U NodeB:
UMTS Uplink Adaptive Interference Suppression
UMTS signal
Not Changed decreased
No Maintain the
Io
UMTS Intra-freq Interference constant receive
1 UMTS power spectrum
LTE density.
LTE Interference
LTE interference
reduced
By using the uplink frequency domain suppression technology, the uplink interference signal strength of the LTE network
to the UMTS network is reduced, then uplink Ec/Io and receiving performance of the UMTS cell are improved.
① The UMTS cell calculates the average power spectral density of UMTS cells without interference based on the
dedicated spectrum and uses it as the baseline for cell interference decision.
② The UMTS cell detects the power density of the shared spectrum in real time based on the PRB. If the power spectral
density in a PRB spectrum range is higher than the baseline, the receive signals corresponding to this part are 16
Background:
1. LTE PUCCH SINR will totally decrease 3dB if there is UMTS uplink interference with 6dB maximum on one side of LTE PUCCH RB
2. LTE PUCCH is working on Code Division Multiplexing with Hopping between two RBs in the figure above.
3. The totally interference includes both UMTS interference and Code Division Multiplexing of PUCCH
1 LTE big bandwidth: PUCCH inward shift to avoid overlapping with UMTS spectrum, and then to avoid inteference
UMTS LTE
UMTS LTE
2.6M shard
2.6M shared user1 User N/2+1
user1
user2 User N/2+2
user2
N users working on two PUCCH
RB with two different slot per TTI userN-1
userN-1 User N/2-1
User N/2 userN
userN
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Eliminate interference from L eNodeB to U UE:
PDCCH dynamic DTX
18
Key Technologies for UL Spectrum sharing based on DC-HSDPA
C
UMTS NodeB
A LTE eNodeB
D
B
• Direction B: L eNodeB to U UE • Direction D: U NodeB to L UE
interference UMTS UE LTE UE interference
• L: Sharing RB, PDCCH dynamic DTX • U: Downlink dynamic filtering
• L: Dedicate RB schedule with high priority • L: Dedicate RB schedule with high priority
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UL Spectrum Sharing Based on DC-HSDPA:
No interference in the uplink direction
The LTE UE does not interfere with the The UMTS UE does not interfere
UMTS NodeB. with the LTE eNodeB.
The UMTS NodeB does not have uplink on DC-HSDPA The UMTS UE cannot camp, DRD, handover, or
secondary carrier F2, and U&L exclusively uses uplink redirection to the DC-HSDPA secondary carrier. The
spectrum. Therefore, the uplink interference of the LTE secondary carrier does not generate uplink interference
UE is not affected. to the LTE eNodeB.
LTE
U2100 f1 U2100 f1
U2100 f2 U2100 f2
DC-HSDPA
U900
UE
G900
F1: DC-HSDPA primary carrier
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•
•
DL
UL
952.5
2.4MHz
2.4MHz
LTE 3.0M
PUCCH
UMTS 5.0MHz
UMTS 5.0MHz
955.5
After : L5M+U5M@7.5M
2.6MHz
2.6MHz
Share Spectrum
LTE dedicate spectrum : 2.4M
LTE dedicate spectrum : 3.0M
957.4
LTE 5.0MHz
LTE 5.0MHz
UMTS 3.8M
2.4MHz
2.4MHz
959.3
保护带
959.9
The UL dynamically shares the 2.6M spectrum and improves
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Thank you.
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