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Only the physical appearance of water is enough to distinguish the quality of water
The assessment of water is done by monitoring or analysis the water Quality parameters
Physical parameters Chemical parameters Biological parameters
Turbidity, Temperature, Taste PH, Alkanilty, chloride, Bacteria, algae, virus and
and adore, color, solid, and hardness and Acidity protozoa
conductivity
A-SOLID
: exit in water either in
Solutions or in suspension they have diameter of about 2 micro meters or less
They can be identified using glass fiber filters
Suspension : they can be retain at the top of the filters
Dissolved solid pass through filter with water
Solid as waster is known as Total dissolved solid (TDS)
TDS exit in all dissolved constituents such as Ca, cl, Na, etc.
Term TDS and conductivity of water interrelate
TOTAL SOLID = TDS + TSS(Total suspension solid)
FIXED SOLID: they are the residue of TDS and TSS after heating them to dryness at specific
temperature for period of time
volatile solid: they're those solid lost on ignition (550 C°)
ADVANTAGES OF SOLID WATER MEASURE
1- Roughly approximate the amount of organic matter
2- helpful for waste water treatment plants
Classifications of water base DIAMETER (mg/L TDS)
on TDS
FRESH WATER Less than 1500
BRACKISH WATER 1500 - 5000
SALINE WATER More than 5000
3-TURBIDITY is the cloudiness of water, its measure the ability of light to pass through water
Caused by suspension particle ( clay slit) and organic materials ( plankton)
Underground water has very low Turbidity because of natural filtration that occur when the
water pentrate through the soil
Turbidity is measure in ( Nephelometric turbidmeter)
NTU = 1g/l of silica in suspension
Turbidity more than 5NTU is available to avarage human
Muddy water Turbidity exceed 100 NTU
IMPACTS OF TURBIDITY
1- increase the cost of water treatment in variou uses
2- provide hiding place for harmful microorganisms shielding them in disinfection process
3- suspension particle provide adsorption media for heavy metals ( mercury, chromium, lead
and cadmium)
4- amount of available food is decreased because of higher Turbidity raise water temperature
because suspension particle observed more sun heat there (O2 conce is decreased)
PH PARAMETERS Unit Strength Narrow PH Higher PH
1-Its negative Dimensionless Acid and base Microganism Greater the tendency
algorithm of Lower PH solutions survive formation
Hydrogen ion Determine Corrosivety is decreased
conc Tendency of solubility of of
water is metals
decreased
corrosivety is
increased
Biological oxygen demand : is the amount of oxygen required by living organism for oxidation of
biodegradable organic matter in water under aerobic conditions
CH2o + O2 - - - - - - - -> co2+h2o( Microganism)
High value of BOD is indication to water pollution
Biological chemical demands (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand
Oxidation of organic Matter (20-30 days) It's value is greater than BOD
Calcaluted by 5day incubation method
Does not contain non biodegradable organic K2Cr2O7 oxide contains both non and biode
Can't determine if water contain toxic or antimi Can determine toxic