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STANDS
R COOLE CONENSERS
FIRST EDITION
Heat Exchange Institute, Inc.
PULICATION LIST
TITLE
Standards r Steam Surface Condensers,
10th Editon 2006
Standards for Direct Contact Barometric and
Low Level Condensers,
8 Edon 2010
Standards r Steam Jet Vacuum Systems,
6 Edon 2007
Standards r Closed Feedwater Heaters,
8 Ediion 2009
Standards and Typical Specications for
Tray Type Deaerators,
8 Edon 2008
Performance Standard for Liquid Ring
Vacuum Pumps,
4 Ediion 2011
Standards r Shell and Tube Heat
Exchangers,
4 Ediion 2004
1300 Sumner Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 445-285
2162417333
Fax: 26-24-5
www
email:.heatexchange.g
hei@heatexchangeog
STADS for
AR COOLED CONDENSERS
FIRST EDI
Copyright 2011
Heat Exchange Institute, Inc.
1300 Sumner Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 4415-2851
Reproducon of any porton of hs standard whou wrtten permsson of the
Heat Exchange Insiute is stricly rbdden.
HEAT
EXCGE
INSTIUE, IN.
AR COOLED CONDENSERS
Btc Intntin
Malto, NJ
GEA P g c.
Lewod, CO
SX g Tchgs c
Overlad ak K
ii
CONTENTS Page
FOEORD ..
.. . ... . .
.
. . ..
. . .
.
. .... ... . .
v
1.0 SCOPE ND PURPOSE . . . . . .. . ... . ... .. . . 1
2.0 DEFINTOS
. . .
. .
. .. ..
... .
.
1
30 SBOS & UNTS . . .. . . ..
.
.
3
400
4 GEEA OVERVIE / DESCRIPTIO
DESCRIPTIO OF
O F AN ACC SYSTEM ...
... :
...
... 4
4 Denton
Denton ofan
of an ACC ..............
..............
4
42 Major Components of an ACC System .....
........
... 4
50 DESIG COSDETONS .......
.........
.. 5
5 1 Desgn Pressure and Temperature.
Temperature........
..........
.......
......
.. 5
52 Corroson Allowance ..........
.......... 6
53 ArMoving Equipment Seecion Guidelnes
Guidelnes.....
..... 6
54 Air Flow Consderations ...............
................
..
... 7
55 Fn Tube Cleaning Systems .............
............. 7
6.0 AR COOLED CODESER PERFORMCE OPERATON....... ........ . . 8
61 General Considerations..
Considerations.. . ...... . .
. . .... . . .. .
. . . 8
6.2 Thermal
Therm al Perrmanc ... : .................
................... .. 8 ·
6.3 Deaeration and Dissolved Oxygen .
... . . .
..
. .. ..
. ... 9
64 Condensate Suboolng
... .. . . . .. .... .... 10
6.5 Cleanlness Facos, Foulng Factors,
Factors, ad Perrmance
Perrmance Margns ... . 10
6.6 Steam-side Hdr
Hdraulics
aulics
. .. . ..
... . .. . 11
67 Arside Press
Pressure
ure osses . . .
. . .
. .
. . .. . . . 11
68 Ar nlet Temperature .. . . . .. . . . .
.. . . .... . .. .
12
6.9 Auxilary Power Consumpton . .. . .. .
.. 13
610 Cod Weather
Weather Perormace...
Perormace .... . . . . . . .... ... 13
611 ow oad
o ad Operation . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... . . ..... .. ..
14
612 Perrmance Cures . . .. . .
. . . . . . . . .. .
14
613 Perrmance Testing ........
......... . ..
. 14
614
614 Eects ofWind
of Wind on ACC Permance.
Permance. . . ... .. . . . .. . . . . . 14
615
615 Eecs o Solar
Solar Radiation
.
.. .
. .... ..... .
. 15
70 STRUMETA
STRUMETATIONTION AND COTRO
COTRO.
.......
..............
........ 1 5
7 71 Recommended nstrumentaton
nstrumentaton..
...
.....
..........
...... 15
72 ACC Contro and
an d Freeze Protecton Considerations .....
......
. . .
. 16
73 Selection ofNumer ofsolato Valves ... .
. . ... 16
7 4
7 Drain Pot Capacty .
. . .
...
..
.
. ... .. . .. . .. ..
... 17
75 Condensae Tank Capacity .
..
....... . . .
. ... . 1 7
80 SERVCE COEC
COECTIONS
TIONS ...
........
............
........
. 1 7
81 General Consideratons ..........
..........
1 7
822
8 Flow Data
.
.......... .....
......... ... 1 7
3
8 . 3 Connecton ocatons
ocatons ....
......
...
. 1 7
8 . 4 Connection Design Guidelnes ...
....
.. 18
8 . 5 Steam Turbine E
Exhaus
xhaus nterce ....
....
......
...... . 19
8 86
6 Steam Turbine Bypass Gudeines
............
...............
... 200
2
8 . 7 Feedwaer Heater Consderaions
..
...
. 22
ii
CONTENTS
90 NTIG QPMT CPACITIS ....
. .
....
.........
...... .... ....
. 23
9.1
9.1 Venting Reureme
Reurements...
nts........
. ..
.. ..
....
..
... 2 3
3
92 Desgn Suction Pressure . .....
.. .
........
......... 23
9.
9 . 3
3 Design Suction Temperature ......
.... . ...... ............. ... 2 3
9. Calculaton ofWater
ofWater Vapor Load Component...
Component....... .....
...
......... 23
9.
9. 5 Mnimum Recommended Capacities . .... . .... .......... 23
9.66
9. Rapid vacua
vacuaton
ton (Hoggng) quipment . . ...
. ..
. . 2 5
1 0.
0.00 ATMOSPHRIC RIF DVCES..
DVCES....
...
. ... ...
. .
.... .... 29
1 0
011 Genera 29
102 Vacum Breaker Vaves .. .. . ...
. .... ...
...........
...... 29
1 03 Rupture Devic
Device
e..
. .
.......
29
1.0 INS PCTION, QULITY ND FID INSTAATION ...........
INSPCTION, ............ . 3 0
3 0
111 Leaage Testing...
Testing.........
....... . : ....
...... 3 0
3 0
112 Inspection and Quality
Quality of
o fWelding ..............
........ ...... 3 0
1133 Surce Preparaton Reurements ..
11 ...........
........... 31
31
114
114 Panting Coatng an
Panting and
d Corroson Prot
Proteection
ction· ................
.....................
..... 3 2
115
115 Quality Assur
Assurance
ance ...........
..................
....... 3 2
2
116 rction Advisor Duties
Duties ...........
..................
........
. 3 2
117 rection Cleanliness
....
.
.
. ...... .. . . 32
118 Posrection Walkdown...
Walkdown...
.. .
. .
. .....
33
20 COMMISSIONNG. . .
COMMISSIONNG. . .
....
...
..
.. ... ... .. . 33
1 2.1 Cold Comissioning . .....
..
.
.
.......... .. 3 3
3
1 22 Hot Commissioning ..
.. ..... ..
.. ..... ..
........ . 3
1 2.3 Duties o a Commissioning
Commissioning Advisor ....... .. ...
......... .. .. . 3 4
APPENICES
Apendx A HI ACC Data Seets ......................
...................... 35
Appendix B Conversion Factors ....................................
..................................... 37
Appendx ACC Troubeshootin
Troubeshootingg Gudelines .....................
....................... 38
TALES
Table 1 Typcal Corrosion Aowance Values ..............
...............
.. 6
Table 2 Ratio o
o the Actual Non-Condensable
Non-Condensable Load Remoed From the System
9
Table 3 to Design Capacity...................
Prerred Capacity
Locatons.........................
ofConnections sually Instaled on te ACC System ......
......
.... 18
Tabl Typcal Alowabe ozzle
ozz le oads .....................
................. .......
....
.. 22
Table 5 One L Exhaust Casng .................
.....................
..... 2 5
Table 6 Two LP xaust Casngs ...................
................... 27
Table 7 Tree P Exhaust Casngs ..........................
........................... 28
Table 8 Vacuum Breaker Size r ACCs ...................
.................... 29
Table 9 Recommended Acceptable
Acceptable Preparatons of Components and Assembles Built
n Manuctures Faclites ..........................
..............................
...... 311
3
FGURES
Fgure 1 AFram Air Cooled Condnser
Condnser ....................
.........................
...... 4
Figur 2 Ar Cooed Condenser Bundles
Bundles ..................
.....................
....
iv
gure 3 Air net Bockage Consierations .....
......
.
7
gure 4 ACC Operating
Operating Characterstic ........
. .........
...
. 8
gure 5 Recmmended Vacuum Steam Velocity Limts (Impeial Unts)
. 11
igure 6 Recommended Vacuum Steam Velocity Lmts (SI Unts .
..
. . 11
igure 7 ACC with Recircuation
Recircuation...
... . 14
igure 8 ACC with net A Fow Reductio
Reductio ........
........
...
...
15
u
FOREWORD
The rst diton Standards fr Air Cooled Condnsers has been developed by te Ar Cooled Condenser
Section o the Heat Exchange Insttute Inc. he technica inormation in these standards combnes
present industry standards typical Purcaser requiremens, and Manuact
Manuacturer
urers
s experience.In
experience.In additon,
te standards outlne the important desgn critera r air cooled condensers These standards provde
practical nrmation on nomencature, dimensons, testng, and perrmce. Use o te standard will
ensure a minimum o misunderstanding between Manucturer and Purchaser, and wil assist in the
proper selecton o equipment best suited to the requirements o te appcation
The publicaton o the rst edition o Standards r Air Coold Codensers represents another step in
the Heat xchange Institute's
Institute's continu
continuing
ing program to provide standa
standards
rds which refect the latest techno
techno
logical advancement in thefeld o heat exchange equipment. he Standards r Air Cooled Condensers
are continally reviewed
reviewed by the ecnical Commttee at a t scheduled meeting under the directon o the
r Cooled Condenser Section Suggestions r mprovement o this standard are welcom and should be
sent to the Heat Excange nstitute,
nstitute, Inc
Inc, 30
3000 Sumner Avenue,
Aven ue, Cleveland,
Cleveland, Ohio
Ohio 4 4 5 , or va teleph
telephone
one
at 21 62 4 1- 7 333,
333, v
va
a
ax
ax at 21 6-24 -0 10 5, or email
email the HEI at he@eatexchange.org Addtional
nfrmation, such as tech sheets, member company proles, membershp inormaton, and a complete
isting o al HE Standards, can be und at wwwheatexcange.org
ui
1.0 SCOPE AND PURPOSE
Tis tandard covers te specication and design conditions suc as terma perrmance eects in
considerations along wit te perrmance nd te summer deadzone rmation and eezing in
opeationa issues ssociated wit Air Cooed te winter
Condensers ACC) r power pant applications. In
addition genral eld installation and commission Tere are many ierent types of ACCs designed
ing practices will also be discussed r varios seices Tis tandard appies only to
Tis tandard wi address cmmon operational twostage
utilized in vacuum steam
power plant condensers predominanty
appications
problems experienced during extreme ambient
20 DEFITNS
21 F 29 B F
art of the steel structure above te n deck The are esured at te ce side of a
i te shape of te letter A tat ay support budle The len of te bundle is equal to te
te heat exchager bundles Atoug tis is length of the tubes excluding the ube seets Te
te most coon couratio alternative with correspods to te width of te oral air
bunde arraeents re feasible (ie horizotal ow plane on a per bunde basis
vetcal, Vae etc 210
22 t P allest subdivisio i ACC, soeties
The pressure measured o absolute
absolute zero rerred to as odule which ca nctio as an
ic gA br. independent unit wth
ow; it is unded regrd by
eerally to air andexterior
either steam
23 R
R
St
syste to reove o-condesable gases walls or patition
patitio n wlls Each cell may ave oe or
ad maitai the capbiliy of the ACC The ore as although typicl the uber of ans
airrmoval syste ay contain additioal per cell is ite
itedd to oe
componets to support the opertio of a vacuu 211 t
daerator ollects the condenste o the ed tube
24 C budles and conveys the uncodensed steam om
A eat echger usg abiet air as te the rst stge to te scod stge budles
heat sink to bsorb het directly o sea at 212 t /R
vcuum codtios codensin te stem ad A vessel t approiately the same pressure
recoveg the condese as would be typiclly as the ACC that collects condesate retug
usd in an electric powergeneratig sttion. o the eat trasr suraces system dras
25
Ht and akeup water t is equivalent to the hot
'e eiht om gade level to the a inlet o well of a ste suface codeser
bottom of the a rings 213 P P
26 t
t The absolute static pressure of te condensing
Te dry bulb teperature of the ar enteri stea at a dened location.
the ACC includig the eect of rcirculation n/ 214 St t
t
or added et sources The saturatio teperature coresponding
27
2 7 B P to te absolute static pressure of te condensig
Te absolute value of the static pressure t stea at dened location
the prescribed locatio ypically at or ear e 215 Dt
stem turbie ehaust ange at
a t which desig and A ass transr device tht reoves
reo ves dissolved
dissolved
guaranteed perorace are to be achieved nocondesbles o te condensate and/or
28 B keup wter
et ecager element
eleme nt composed of a set of
ned ubes hrin coon tube sheets
1
216 Da P 227 Ra
A vsse that is an intega pat of the steam A condtion in whch a porton of the ACC's
duct ocated at the owest point and coects the wa dschage a eentes the a net aong
condensate o steam duct Atenativey, a wth esh ambent ai ts eect is an eevation of
sepate coecton vesse can be uted wth a the aveage a inet tepeatue compaed wth
gavty dain connection at the ow pont of the the ambent dy bub tempeatue
stea duct 228 R CC R)
217 Ea Sa Ra Goup of ces served by a common stea
Tota mass ow rate of the steam etng the heade t s aso eed to as a "steet
ow pessue stea tubine ehaust 229 S Sa C
218 E a ACC ce wth the steam and condnsate owng
The aveage dy bub temeatue of the ai n counte-ow; the second stage c coects
eaving the heat ehange bundes the non-condensabes and s connected wth the
29 a e e aeova syste at the top and the condensate
The aveage air net veocity noma to the heade at the boom s aso efeed to as a
bunde ce ephegato o eu ce.
220 a D 230 S R
oizonta pane ocated at the top of the ACC
AC C A mechanca device incopoated beween the
sbstctue with access to the ns drve and the n, desgned to educe the speed of
the drve to an optu speed the an A speed
221 F
F
Sae Ce edu�er c be eithe a geabo o a Vbet.
CC ce wth the stea and condensate
owing down concuenty the st stage bundes 231 Sea D
D Se
ae connected wth the steam heade at the top Conveys the ow of sta om the ow pessue
and the condensate heade at the botto It s steam tubne eaust
eaust to the bundes. The duct may
aso efered to as a Ko Condense ce incude epanson joints byass spages, dain pot,
bach syses (ises) and isoaton vaves.
222 H Se 232 Sa Ha
The poton of the a-emova system used
duig statup to emove ar om the ACC Conveys the steam o the ises to the net of
bee admttng stea a st stage bundes n an ACC ow
223 H Se 233 Sa Qa
The potion ofte
of te a emova syste dedcated The mass action of dy ad satuated stea in
to contnuous emova of noncondensabe gases a satuated wate/stea mtue. A stea quaity
o the top of the second stage bundes of zeo ndcates % condensate, whie a stea
quaity of indcates % dy ad satuated
224 I eea
eeae e D OD seam
The dence between the condensing steam
tepeatue at the ACC iet and the ai inet 23 Ha S a
teperatu. The tota aea of the outsde heat tans
suce posed to ai.
225 L a ae
ae De
LD) 235 Ea
nce the condensng pocess n an ACC s not The d
tubine nteace betwen
the ACC steathe ow pesse steam
duct.
sothema because of the sigicat steasde
pessue dop nvoved, a epesentative vaue 23 Ea e
the MT can be dened as the tota heat duty of ee back pessue.
condensaton dvided by the puct o the ovea 23 Wa
heat tansfe coecent utiped by the tota The vetica peimete wals above the an deck,
aisde heat tasr suce aea whch tycay extend to the top of the tube bundes
226 P e/S to minmize potntia ecicuation and shed the
The aea between a pimay ACC suppot heat tans suce om wind eects
coumns pected at grade eve
2
3.0 SYMBOLS & UNITS
Abreviato Name Typcal Uns
FV Fu Vauum Hg, (a
(a)
)
Prt,ins Iaed Moo Powe h (kW)
P Fa Sha Powe h, (kW)
. Deg A e emeaue "F, ( °C)
c�
c�i i
Mmum A Ie emeaue F (C)
AIH A Ie egh (m)
Q Hea Loa� Bu/h (W)
Uve Oea ea afe Coee See Bu/2 h °F, (/m K)
(/m 2
A A-e ea afe Sufae Aea (m )
M ogahm Mea emeaue Deee F (C)
E ea Exhage Efeee
m a'
Ma Fow Rae A /e, (kg/e)
C,a S ea A Bu/ F (J/kg K)
I I a emeaue Deee F (C)
Tslam,i Ie Seam emeaue F (C)
Trn1t
Tr Ie A emeaue F, c·>
fT.1, Chage emeae of he A F (C)
m"
Ie Ma Fow Rae /e (kg/e)
h; Ie Ehay Bu/ (kJ/kg)
ot Oue Ma Fow Rae /e, (kg/e)
h hay Coeae Bu/ (kJ/kg)
m vn
vnll Ma Fow Ve /e (kg/e)
h_ Ehay Ve Bu/ (k/kg)
DO Doe Oyge
Foug Fao h F/B (mK
Oea ea afe Coee New a Cea Bu/ h F, (W/m K)
w Wae Vao oa / (kg/kg)
MW Moeua Wegh, NoCoeae g/mo
P Sauao Peue of Seam a Mxue emeaue a (aa)
P oa Peue of Mxue a (aa)
A Mmum Reque Fow Aea ( )
w. Dhage Fow Rae (/h)
K Fow Coee
Coee
PA Reeg Peue a
3
4.0 GENERAL OVERVEW / DESCRIPTO
DESCRIPTON
N
OF AN A R COOLED CONDENSER (ACC)
(ACC) SYSTE
SYSTEM
M
4 1 De
Den
nt
tn
n of an ACC
An ACC is a system that conveys exhaust stea
to an array
steam of heat the
by rejecting exchangers
heat to that condense
abient th
air. The
mthod o cooling is direct heat exchange because
the heat is transrred o the primary source
(exhaust stea) directy to th� utmate cooing
meda (ambient air) The ACC cn use natura dra
or mechanical dra (rced or induced) to drive ----•
) cn
cnde
dens
nsabl
ables
es o
ott
ambient air across the heat xchange surce (tube nndensabes out
bundes). Te most comon design is the A-Frame
rced dra
dra arrangement
arrangement as seen in igure No. 1. Fgre 2
AR
AR COOED CONDENSER BU NDES
Vndwal
Stage Bundle es
422.1 First Stage esee bundes
A Moving System are connected
connected to the steam header
hea der at the top
and condensate e!der at te_bQtom. The
Fan ec
steam ows concurrenty through th tubes
o the rst stage bundes,
bunde s, where steam and
condensate ow
design, steam in th are
veocities sae drection
maintain
maintained By
ed high
Supp
enough to continuay sweep nonondens
Sture abe gases into the second stage bunde via
Mi t D the condensate header. Condensate s aso
coleced within the condensate hedr and
Figre 1 drained. The rst stage bundes typcay
A - FRAME AIR
AIR COOLED
COOLED CONDENSER condense 6090% o the tota stea through
the ACC
42 Ma
Majr
jr Cpnents
C pnents an ACC Syst
System:
em:
Stage Bunde he second
4222 Secnd Stage second
421 Air-
Air-Mving
Mving Syst
System
em A typica
typica rce
rcedd stage bundles condense the rmaining
dra airmoving system
system consists o the owing
owin g stea and coect noncondensabe gases
coponents: at the top o the bunde. These bundles
• Fan Ax Axia
ia ns push
push ambien
ambientt coolng
coolng are attached to the condensate header at
air across the extended surce o the n the bottom and have ar remova headers
tube bunde to transer the heat om the at the top r noncondensabe extraction
condnsing steam within the tubes by the air remova sysem. Ste ows
• Eectric
n
Mtr Eect
Eectric
ric motors
motors drive
drive the countercuently through the tubes o the
second stage bundles, where the steam and
• Speed Reducer The gearbox or V bet noncondensabes trave up and condensate
reduces the rotationa speed o the n and ows down
down into the condensate header.
provides the n with th required torue and
sped. 4.27
4.2 7 Supprt
Supprt Structure The support
• RTh
RThe enrin
nringisa
gisacyindr
cyindricastruc
icastructure
ture structure s typcaly an arrangement o coumns
that surounds the n in order to optimize and bracng that uppots the ACC coponents
n perrance. It s typcally constructed at the proper eevaton abov gade
o steel, berglass or poypropyene.
42.8 Fan Deck The n deck s the ower
ower n
422 Bundes A bunde conssts o multipe penum boundary r the airoving system
nned tubes weded into
int o the tubesheets at ethe
etherr
end. There are two types
types o bundles rst and
second stag
stag condensing
condensin g bundles
4
29 S
S
Dtt St
St The stea
steam
m bundles. The nction of the windwal is to
distributon system consists of the llowing reduce te negative wind eects on the an air
primary components: ow and unirm heat transr, as well as to
• M St D D
The man
man steam duct mnimze potental r warm air recirculation.
interces with the steam turbne and serves
to convey all eaust steam to the steam 2
Te condensate
distribution network The main steam duct is tank serves to collect te condensate that
also dsigned to provide connection ponts r s rmed within the ACC ran pipng is
steam turbine bypass mscllaneous vents, routed om the condensate eaders to the
drains, low point drain pot, etc tank Typcally, the condensate tank s located
S D M The steam beneat the ACC and supported at ade level.
dstrbution manild s _used to dstribute
steam between te main steam duct and 212 St St The prmaprmary
ry
the steam headers Ts manild includes purpose ofthe
ofthe ar removal system is to extract any
vertical ducts rerred to as risers The non-condensable gases that accumulate at te
risers wll generally ave expansion joints to top of te second stage condensing bundles Air
accommodate te thermal xpansion. removal systems are typcally either a twostage
St H The steamsteam ader sees to steam et air eector
eector (JAE)
( JAE) or luid
l uid ring vacuum
convey stea between te manilds and the pump (LRV) system Alternatively, ybrid
rst stage bundles of an ACC row. Expansion systems may also be employ
employed
ed Typcally, te air
onts may also be required in te steam removal system also contains a hogging system
header to accommodate termal expansion. to rapidly evacuate the ACC volume r startup
420 Wndwals are generally
installed around the perimeter of the ACC and
extend om te an dec to the top of the tube
5. 0 ESI
ESIGN
GN CONSDERATIONS
D
D
P
P t
t At certain locatons of the steam duct, te local
temperature may exceed the maximum design
511 The maximum desigdesign
n pressue is te temperature (at te bypass connections, r
maximum pressure specied by t ACC example), and the supplier typcally imposes a
supplier as a crterion r ACC design The lmit on the enthalpy of the bypass
bypass steam
steam entering
mamum design pressure is not the same the duct A maximu
maximum m value
value of 7 Btu/lb (7
as orating pressure; it is somewhat ger kJ/k
kJ /kgg is typical.
typical. Te value of 7 Btu/b (7
than te operating pressure r all operating J/kg) may result in a steam temperature >
conditions. Althoug te maximum and F ( C.
C . owe
owever,
ver, experen
experence
ce has
has proven
proven that
mnimum design temperature and pressure this is a in
results good practical upper
acceptable limit andwen
temperatures typically
te
could also be specied by the purcaser, the
maximum limits are typically determined by ACC is operated undr vacuum conditions.
the ACC tub technology For sngle row tube
technologes, the mamum desg pressure of Te desgn temperature s primarly used r
the ACC is typically set at psig (. barg. selectng materal suitability and thermal
expansion calculations
e minimum desgn pressure r ACCs
operatng below atmospheric pressure s ll The desi pressure is used r te design of
vacuum (FV. steam ducting tanks and, ruptur discs, among
other equipm
equipment.
ent.
The desig temperatu
temperature
re is typica
typically
lly °F
·)
5
5.2 Cor
Corrosion
rosion Allowance motors normally hae a seice
sei ce ctor
cto r of 11 5
Classinsulatio
Class insulationn with a Cla
ClassB
ssB temperature rise
Corrosion allowance is the incremental material
thickness aboe what is required to meet th or stan
standar
dardd nois
noisee applica
applicatiotions,
ns, 1 8 0 0 rpm, sinle
structural anor process requirements A corrosion speed (wi
(with
th or without
without VDs) or two speed sinle
allowance is recommended r all surces exposed windi
windin
n mot
motor
orss (1 8 0 0/9 0 0 rpm)
rpm) cancan be used
used
to the process uid as per Table 1 Control of turbine back ressure and
and/or
/or eeze
protection wll determine whether sinle speed,
Table 1 two-speed motors or VDs ar required in order
TYPICAL CORROSION ALOWANCE VALUES to proide a sucient number of control steps
ACC Equipment I Typ cal Corros
Allowance Valeson n the eent VFDs ar used, the motor should be
suitable r such application
Dg 1 mm
b 0m Horizontal motors mounted ertically are
�p 3m typically used r ACCs desined in accordance
with NEMA
NEMA B
k 3m
h rat
rated
ed motor power
powe r shall be eater tan
t an the
53
5 3 Air-ovng Eqpment electio
electionn equired motor output power at the desin point
Guidenes n accordance with th lowi equation:
The air-moin equipment of an ACC consists of
ofa mot,slsl . (f,sh / 0
Pmot, 0.. 9 7 ) X ( 27 3
3 + Tdesi )/( 27 3 T i
i
°
an, speed reducer and motor wih T deag
and T m
i n C
531 Fan Selecton irst, the n n is selected; Where T is the mnimum inlet ar temperature
m
axial ow ns ar used r ACC applications r which one ofthe motos is expected to be at
The duty point of the n is detemned by ll speed this alue
alue is typica lly 5 C or an
typically
the required air ow rate and correspond aessie motor selection and hiher desin
n n static pressure in order to meet the bient tempera
temperatures
tures T may be increased up
thermal capacity of the ACC or lare siz to 10 C Athouh the drien load may exceed
°
ns (dameter . 28 , a mnimum of e an the nameplate alue at temperatures below this
blades is recommended with a maximum tip point this is normally acceptable to the motor
spe thathatt should
should not exceed 6 0 ms ( 1 2, 0 0 0 suppliers due to the additional coolin aailable.
m
m The an
an sha power
p ower serves as the basis r
r Conrmation should be obtained om the motor
determinin
determin in the
th e motor rat
ratin
inThe n rotati
rotation
on supplier this applies only to rced dra con
speed is used in combination with the motor rations with the motor installed in the cold
speed to determine th sed reduction ratio ambient air stream
Aditionall fa selection parameters:
Aditiona 5 33 pee
peed
d Rucer eecto
eecton
n ypi
ypical
call
l
• Air ow marin the speed reducers are helical, multi-reduction
• ressure margin paralel sha earboxes.Vbelts
earboxes.Vbelts can also
also be used
• an coerae on smaller installations The sece ctor r
• an blade tip clearance speed reducers (eabox or belt shoul
shouldd be 2
2.0
.0
• Operatin and natural equency of an blade based on the motor nameplate power r sinle
• an blade loadin and multised motors and 17 5 r ariable
• Low ambient temperature hardware equency drie applicationsThe
applicationsThe thermal ratin
• Viration imits of the earbox should be 10 at the maxmum
,
• Stati
Staticc eciency
ecien cy air temperature based on the motor nameplate
• Wind eect on the n capacity powr Possible accessories r eboxes are
• an ocation with respect to obstacles listed below
• ose limitations • Backstops
Oil pumps (sha drien or electrical
5.32 Motor election yp ypica
ically
lly 4 6 0V
0V// 3 • Oil pressure/ow switches
phase/6 0 Hz, NMA, TEC motors are used r
phase/6 • Oil heater & themostat
ACCapplications up to and includin 25 0 hp
hpuch • Input couplin
6
54 Ar Flow Consideration Equpment pacement and obstaces undeneath
and besdes the ACC sha be coodnated wth
54.1 Coon a fows nto the ACC ns va the the manuctue
manuctue
a net
net n most cases some o the a net
n et aea • Eectca o othe budns
w be bocked by obstaces e the steam duct, • Condensate tank and vacuum deaeato
othe equpment o o bu
b udngs
dngs ven i obstaces
obstaces • A emova equipment
ae not ocated unde the ACC o at the a net, • Condensate extacton pumps
these can st be consdeed bockae •• Cabe
Othe tays
heat exchanes
As a ue o thumb obstaces that
that beow a 4 5 • Othe obstaces
degee ne onatn at a pont equa to 1 a
net heht AH) away om_
om_ the ACC w have 55 Fin Tube Cean ng Sysem
negigbee eects on
negigb o n the a
a w to the ACC
ACCAny
obstace that extends above ths ne sha be 55 The purpose o a n Tube Ceann
consdeed n the manuctue's desin System CS) s to cean the outside heat
tans sufce n such a way that the thema
capacity o the ACC s estoed cose to the
ona capacy Extena ung o the heat
tans sufce by abone patcuates can
signicanty educe
educe the pemanc o the
the ACC.
ACC.
Because the extent o extena ung s hghy
hgh y
dependent on oca envonmenta condtons
the equency o ceanng w vay with the
Fige 3 envonmenta condtons. At a mnmum, the
AR NLET BCKAGE CNSIDERAT
CNSIDERATION
IONS
S ACC shoud be cea
ceaned
ned once pe yea typca
typcay
y
bee the wam season stats
542 To mnimze warm a eccuaton t s 552 The n tube bundes ae ceaned usng
ecommended that the aveage a veocty at hh pessue wate; an opeatn pessue o at
the ACC
the ACC outet be equa to o eate than the
t he east
east 7 5 0 ps s ecommended Hi Hihe
he pessues
pessues
aveage a veocty
veoc ty at the ACC net, wth both can esut n a moe eectve ceann and
the aveage a net and a outet veoctes educe cean tme and wate consumpton.
based on ee ow aea The quaty
qua ty o the wate the n tube ceann
system shoud be spece
sp ecedd by the ACC manuc
manuc
In addton t s ecommnded to mt the tue to avod cooson and scang o the
aveage a net
n et veocty
ve octy to 5 ms
ms based on the outsde
outs de heat exchange
exchan ge suce
ee ow aea) and shou
s houdd be seected to
to pomote
unm a dstbuton to a fns 553 Deent n tube
tub e ceanin
ce anin systms ae on
the maet and can be cateozed by the eve
543 The tota n statc pessue sha o automaton
automaton o th
thee ceann
c eann devce
consde the own osses:
• A net accee
a cceeaton
aton and tunn 553 Manua fn tube canin systems
• Fan uad bockae
net be shape consst oon one
mounted o sevea
a suppot spay
that uns heades
alon both
• Fan bdge bocae sdes o the A-ame Because thee ae no
• Penum dschae motoed parts, the spay headers must be
• Bunde moved manua y.
• Dectona chanes
• Dschage oss 5532 Sem automatc n tube ceann
• Natua daf coecton systems have a educed numbe o spay
• A net
ne t and ai oute
outett ouvers appcab
appcabe)
e) nozzes mounted on an automated spay
• A net ad a outet nose sences ( caae that taveses the bundes Some
appcabe) degee o manua oeaton s
s equed wth
ths system
t is ecommended that every ce sha be
patton ed on the
pattoned th e an dschae
dscha e sd
s de
7
6.0 AR COO LED CONDEN
CONDENSER
SER PERF ORMA NCE / OPE
OPERA
RATION
TION
6. 1 Genera
Generall Consideatons
Consideatons The genera heat transfer equaton are
The errmance of an ACC cannot be exactly Q = 1
1 LM
redicted under all ossble oerating conditions. UA
Consequently
errmance datacures or aroximate
are only tabulations excet
of ACCr
Q = E ;,
;,cp
cpI
ITD
TD with i 1 - e"
with "r'
r' and
one secic condition termed the Desgn Pont" JTD = T,1 miinn - Tai
a lt l
Perrmance chcks should be mad only when the
system has been stablized and eroducble vaues
are attain
attainabe.
abe.
Q�
� m i hl. m
· OU hcond m· wt h vent
Commercia oeratng conditions are recognized as
nvolving uncontrollable variations in ar eakage
nto the ACC and ts reated system under vacuum. I should be noted that the term h is
These varations whie neggble under some qute sma and is generaly considered negigible;
conditions, render te exact redcton of the ACC therere,
there re, r the urose of the thrmal
thrmal errmance
rrmance imractical r ar/non-condensable caculatons the above equaton can b rduced to:
ilet rates exceeding 50% of the values secied in
section 9 � m• hin - mo
Q=� · u, hcd
mou
ACC errmance nrmation is based on venting The overal serice heat transr coecent (U)
equiment havng a caacity secied n Section 9. combnes
at the ofconvective
the insde th tube heat transrthrough
conduction coecient
th
Due to the eect on ACC errmance the ocaton tube wall and ns, and the convective heat transr
o edwater heaters and/or extraction iing and coecint at the outside of the ns. The governing
b-ass sargers or related equment shoud be resistance
resistan ce r heat transfer
transfer is the air-side resistance
subject to the ACC manucturer's aroval aer whch s deendent on the tube and n geometry
th turbine ow disrbution dagram (veocity
(veocity ma) Therere s a function of the tube character
arc
ha been made availabe
availabe istics and will vary r each manucturer
Ithoud be recognized that the ACC errmance The steam temerature is related to the steam
becomes unredictable at reduced heat duty ambent ressur
res suree whch is a known reationshi r saturated
tmeratures below eezng and ow turbine back steam conditions. Therere r a given ITD, the back
back
ressures ressure wil vary wth thethe ar net temerat
temerature.
ure.
62
reations
reationsh
h between
between From the equations above it can be demonstratd
trbne back ressure stam ow T• altitude that f the load () is increased, then the ITD wll
and n ower. incease roortonally, ignorng th eect of the
steamsde ressure losses.
losses.
The desig of angases
non-condensable ACC that
mustareconsider
rsentthein eects
the ACCof
and ressure dro of the steam as it ows through
the duct
du ct syst
system
em and through
thro ugh the tubes of both stages
stages
of the ACC
The heat transr coecent of a typica commercial
oeratng ACC is ess than that attainable n
aboratory tests The sce heat transr
cocent coared wth a new and clean heat
transr surce area shoud be taken into account
in the design of the
the ACC
Figre 4
ACC OPERATING CHARACTERSTC
CHARACTERSTC
8
6 2
62 Oher ors
ors inening he ACC e ACC perrmane owever, under
perrmane are ised beow eezing ambien ondiions, aumua
62 Fae a ety Te e air ion of nonondensaes (dead zones)
veloy is diretly proportonal to te air may aso resut in damage to the hea
mass ow rae hrough the ea exhangr ransr sura de o eeing of e
and has a signiant impat on he overall ondensae side he ubes
hea ransfr oeient or a given
ACC, iger
inreased e heat
overal ar veoty
ransr resls n an
oien, 626
62 6sally
leves oiseave
ACCsower
desiged r low oise
e veoities and
abei agains inreased an power owerr speed ns Conseque
owe Consequenly,
nly, these ACCs
A CCs
ypay ave greaer sure area and are
62 2 esy Th Thee air ma
mass
ss o
ow
w more sensive to wind ees
rate is proporonal he ar density,
and has an impat on e overal eat 62 7
Re
Re
rr o eti
etion
on
transr oeen as we. T air densty
is a ntion of e dry bb emperatre, 628 Pea repitation may
atmosper pressre, and o a muh lesser have a beneia ee on he herma
exten, of the
the relaive midity ne e perrmane as a onseqene
onseqen e of evaporaive
evaporaive
impa of he relaiv midity on he oolng However, in some ass te preipi
herma perrmane of ACC is rater aion an inreas he airside rsisanes
sma i is suay omied in the ermal eading o a redution in perrmane
aulaions
62 9 S
629 Sa
a aa Rer o etion
62 3 F Ref
Refer
er to e
eon
on
624 Sea ees 63 eaea
eaea
a sse ye
sualy, he steam leavig he seam
rbne ehast s sauraed
sauraed wh a steam Under pratia operang ondiions, withou a
quaiy geaer a 8% nder bypass deaeraor a reasonably
deaeraor reasonably airtgh ACC
AC C an be exptd
or sartup onditions, sperhaed seam to prode ondensae wih a dissoled oxygen (DO
may ener he ACC. ACC manuar onen no exeedng 0 ppb Rer o Table elow
ers usuay impose limiaons on he
ntapy
nta py of he seam
seam entering the ACC
AC C Wit erain onditions of sable opeaion and
tha are lower tan hose r steam stable onsruion, an oxygen onent no
srae ondensers This s reated to exeeding 0 ppb may be obtained as lows:
he reativey on
ong
g rav
rav dis
disanes
anes of te
seam
seam por t o reahng he eat
e at ransr 63
6 3 Th
Thee rato of h
hee aa
aall nonondensable
sraces and he assoiaed arge ermal load removed om he sysem o te desgn
epansion of he steam dting A yia apay of te arremoval eqipment shoud e
maximum seam enhapy entering t no greaer an the vaes in te table beow
du is 0 B
Bu/
u/b
b (0 kJ/kg)
kJ/kg)
Tabl
Table
e2
621 esaes RATIO OF THE
THE ACTUAL NON-CONDEN SABLE
Nonondensaes mus e removed om LOAD REMOVED FROM THE SYSTEM
he ACC o avoid aumul
au mula
aion,
ion, whih wi
resu redued ACC apabity There
are two major ees of nonondens
abes a redution in avaae ea
transr area (when nonondensabs are
V
I
TO DESI GN CAPACTY
' b
E
aumuating o rm a dead zone or air 50 50
pok) and a redion in overal eat 0 0 M
M 5 0
ransfer oeien (redued ondensa
ion rae) espeialy in he seond sage, 50 50
0 0 M
M 5 0
where he onentration of non-ondens
aes ecomes sigian ng warm > 0 M ee oe ee oe
weaher operation, aumuaion o f
non-ondensabes would primay aet
9
Noes: 634.2 Wheer or no a vacuum deaeraor
aTe des design
ign capaciy of e air-remova is uilized, e above O leves canno be
equipmen sould be in accordance wi acieved during saup condiions low
Secon 9 load operaion (less an 25%
25% or in eeze
.T
Tes
esee raios
ra ios are r airremov
ai rremova
a equipme
eq uipmen
n proecion conrol mode.
raed a 1 inc HgA.
For airremova equipmen wi design 6.4 Condensate
C ondensate Subcoo
Subcoolng
lng
capacy
capac y exceeding 0 SCFM, e non-condens
non-condens
abess removed soud no excee
abe exceedd 20 SCFM 6.4.1 Condensae subcoo
Condensae subcooling
ling is casualy dened
r 5 0 ppb and 0 SCFM SCFM r 20 ppb. ppb. s e dierence beween e sauraion
emperaure of e seam a e seam ubine
6.3.2 Tere soud be zeroair eaage drecly exaus and e emperaure of e condensae
ino e condensae below e condensae evel a e oue ofe
ofe condensae ank is is no
in e condensae ank e arrangemen and o be consed wi e convenional subcooling
ocaion of
o f all ingress poins ino e condenser deniion, wic is e local emperaure
r waer vapor or oer gases sould be subjec dierence
dierence a
a a given locaion
loc aion beween e seam
o e approva of e manucurer Examples nd e condensae
ofe poenial sources ofair ae as llow
llows
s
• P seam urbine casing ad inerace wi 6.42 ue o e sigican seamside pressure
e ACC losses, condensae subcooling will be muc
eakage into e vacuum side of e sysem reaer an e values obseed in a seam
roug leaks in welds packing gands, gauge surce condenserValu
condenserValueses up o 5 F are possible
°
glass; insrumenaon eads loop seals wi ACC uness a vacuum deaeraor
deaeraor is used o
seam raps ec reea e condensae coming om e ACC A
• vens,
Low pressure eaerwen
paricularly condensae drainsbeow
operaing and vacuum deaeraor
ondensae sould
o wiin
o bee
4 F ofe
of abe o reea
sauraed e
seam
amosperc pressur
pressure
e emperaure a e seam urbine exaus
• Me-up waer wic is usually sauraed xra consideraion sould be gven o e
wi oxygen seam-sde pressure drop beween e seam
• Condensae surge ank wen uilized in urbine exaus and e vacuum deaerao
closed cyces.
65 Ceaness Factors
Factors,, Foing Factors
Factors
63.3 Were condensae om
om processing sysems and Perfrmance Margns
anor cogeneraion sysems is nroduced o
e ACC i sal be assured a e oxygen 651 A cleaniness c
cor
or is e raio of e
conen ofe
ofe reurned condensae
condensae s no
n o eaer acual ea
ea ransfer coecien
coecien o e clean
an a specied r e dissolved oxygen ea ransr coecien
coeci en Aoug a cleanliness
cleanlin ess
guaanee Iis
Iis is no e case special inernal
inernal cor is used wi waercled condensers, i is
deaeraing provisions may be required and/or no applicable o ACCs since e seice value
reurns sa e deaeraed exernally prior o e overal ea rsfe coecien (U) is
ofe
of
beng reurnd o e ACC Te specic oxygen provded by e manucurer
evel (ppb n reuing condensae and e
quaniy
specied of
or
f condensae
e manu being
manuc reurned
reur
curer's
urer's ned mus
mus be
consideraon
652 A ui
"seice uing
ng co
overa cor
ea rransfer
(F iserused
ransf o relae
cecien e
o e
"clean overall ea ransr coecien, and is
634 For all unspecied drains i is e dened by e lowng equaion
purcase's responsibiliy o limi e DO level
r all exernal sreams o a value below e 1 1
-
uaranee +F
Usrvic
=
ucle
6341 Aloug ACC sysems a ave
viruly no air leakage may yield ower 652.1 A ypica value r F is 0000
00 3 r
leves, r design purposes vacuum Fu or 00005 m based on e
2
deaeraors sould be uilized o oban leves
ppb down o 7 ppb.
om 20 ppb oa airside suce area wic accouns
r bo e seam-side and unrecoverabe
airside uling Addiional airsde uling
10
67. The lowing arside pressure osses shall 6 Bunde This is the
6.76
6.7 the pressure
pressure loss
loss
be accounted r associated with the airow through the heat
67. Ar in
inlet Ths is the prssure oss
let exchanger bundles This loss incudes the
associated with drawing the ar i om the entrace loss to the heat exchang surce
ambient environment through the air inlet oss through the heat exchange surce
beneath the ACC along with the urning and the bundle outlet dumping loss. This
loss om a horizontal ow stream to a is highy dependent on n tube desgn and
vertica ow stream The ar nlet height varies between manucturers
manucturers This is aso
should be sucient to provide unirm the predominant pressure drop within the
distribution of coolin
coolingg ar to al
al ans
ans
This syst
sy stem
em and
and typicaly
typicaly represe
represents
nts 5 0 7 0% of
is typically deterined by establishing a the tota air side pressure drop
air inlet velocity such that the horizontal
velocity pressure is scenty ower tha 6 7.. 7 Bun
Bund
dee outet- Th is the pressur
outet-
the static pressure developed by the an loss associated with air ow turning om the
A typica
typicall mai
maimum
mum vaue r the ar inlet heat exchager bundle exit to the discharge
velocity is 5 ms. ofthe ACC.
6.7.2 Fan a and fan iet be 6.7.1.
6.7 .1. 8 Natura
Natura drat correction This
correction
The n ard is typicaly
typi caly a rm of screen is the buoyancy contribution that the hot
that can vary om a lght gauge
g auge material to discharge air contributes to the air-side
prevent immediate access and sow ling pressure losses This will be reported as a
debris to a heavier gauge materal tha negative pressure oss and is a nction of
can also serve as a working platrm. The the windwal/dra height and the dierence
air-side pressure loss associated with the in the air density between the ambient and
n gard of
geomety depends upon the The
this component location and
an inlet the ACC discharge air
bell sees to create an ecient arow 6. 7 .9 Air net
net and air outet lover if
outet lover
guide into the n The inlet prole and appicable) Etreme ambien
ambienoperat
operationa
iona
overall geometry
overa geom etry of the an bel will aect considerations may necessitate air inlet or
the pressure loss Fan vendor equipment outlet louvers to enhance airow contro.
rating programs
progr ams utilized
utili zed withn the industry This feature can generate
gener ate signicant
sig nicant
typicaly consider these ctors
ctors additional
additional airside
ai rside pressu
pressure
re losses.
6.7 .1 3 Penu
Penum
m dicarge o As the
dicarge 6.7..0 nlet and air outlet noie
air is discharged om the n ring to the lencer if appicab
appicable)
le) Ext
Extreme
reme nois
nois
plenum there is a sudden enlargement of rstrictions may require air inlet or outlet
the air ow path This causes an expansion siencers to reduce the noise emitted by the
loss that
th at is a ncton of the geomet and ACC This ature can generate signic
signicant
ant
airside properties (i.e., veocity and densit) additiona air-side pressure losses
ACC manuc
manucturrs
turrs should consider this
loss and other losses associated with the
nonunrm airow conditions that exist at 68 Ar Inlet eperat
eperature
ure
the discha
d ischarge
rge ofthe n
68. The perrmance of an ACC is dependent
67 . 4 n bridge The n bridge is
Fan
Fa
upon the dry bub temperature of the cooling
c ooling
the structura support of the airmoving air stream It is important to note that the air
system
syste m i
iee an, motor
mo tor and
a nd gearbox).
ge arbox). Fan tmprature may vary aound the power pant
bridge designs vary and are manucturer and not be consistent or representative of the
depndent The ar ow obstruction type air temperature entering the hat exchanger
and dstance om the n aect ths oss bundles The tempera
temperature
ture of the air
a ir entering
the ACC may b negatively aected by the
6 1 B
B This is th
thee pres
pressure
sure lowing:
oss assoiated with air ow turning om • Warm air recirculatio
recirculation
n
the n discharge into the heat exchanger • Discharge air om other heat exchangers
bundles • Other sources of thermal nergy
12
6.82 The plant desgne should take nto consid pemance unde vaious opeating conditions
eation the pacement of addtonal souces of Ths typcally involves
themal enegy with espect to the locaton of • Singe-speed motos Swtchng ns on/o
the A CC aong with
with th e pevaling
pevaling summe wnd • Tos
Tospeed
peed motos
motos witc
witcng
ng betwee
between
n l
condtions. sped/patial spee/o
• Vaiablespeed moto
motoss ncemental
6.9 Auxiiay Powe
Powerr Consumptio adjustment
6.91 Typicaly, when evaluating ACC designs, The vaous contol scenaos wl povde very
the ACC n dve motos ae the ony loads to dieent auxiliary powe consumption poles
be consideed when evauated on an annual basis and shoud
be consideed withn the ACC speccation.
6.92 In additon to the A an moto powe,
the llo win
wingg additional system loads may exst: 61 0 Cold Weahe Pe
Pefformance
• Geabox ol pumps and heates
• Vacuum pumps 60 As the a tempeatue deceases, the
• Dan pot pumps capability of the ACC nceases based on a
• Condensate wadng pumps constant condensing pessue Howeve, it is
• Conde nsate ank heates qute common to allow the steam tubine back
• Moto opeated valves pessue to uctuate wth the ai tempeatue
• nstumentation within ceain lmtations
• Space heaters • ACC manuctue ow pessue lmit
• Heat tacing • St eam tubn e manuctue ow pessue
• Lighting lmit
• Cabe osses, vaiable equency dives etc. • Min
Minimum
imum opeating pessue
pessue of the
aiemoval system
69.3 The auxilay powe consumption should • Steam Velocities
be evaluated at the an moto nput temnals
consideng
consid eng speed educe eciency
eciency (96 to 98%) 6102 Once one of the low pessue li mitatons
and moto ecency (91 o 95%) This can cause has been acheved, uthe a tempeatue
the electical powe consumption to exceed the eductions must be accomodated with a contol
n sha powe by geate than 10% ote that step Typcally this is achieved by educing an
an
smalle moto
motos
s (< 50 hp) and V-belt
V-belt dves
dves may speeds
have lowe ecencis
603 If the ai tmatue contnues to
694 The auxil a
ay
y powe consumption wl vay decease so that al ns ae o, the
the contol
cons ideabl
conside ablyy due to the eect
eectss of mpatue on steps wll
w ll be equed to educe ai ow
ow (inle t o
a densty. As the ai tempeatue inceases, ext louves) o emove heat exchange suce
auxiliay powe will decease, and as the a om opeation (sectonazing valves) Highe
mpeatuee deceases, the auxilary powe will
mpeatu powe density designs (highe an pow e
incease ased on constant n speed I is unitt of heat tansfe
uni tansfe suce aea) wl incease
consideed pudent to have a powe magn (5 the ambent ar tempeatue ange that an
to 10%)condition.
sign
design
de o the instaed moto
Howeve, it iscapabilty at the
not necessary speed contol can acommodae
to spec that this margin be avalable
avala ble ove the 60. It is vey impotant to ensue that theACC
entie ange of ambient condtions. Since most has the capabl ity to opeate eliably and sa sae
ey
y
ced da ACC desigs place the moto in the thoughout the ange of specied tempeatues
dischage steam of the n, the electic moto and in paticula, tempeatues below
below eezing
w ll benet om
om a cooe opeating envionment Although conto phi losophes va
vayy between the
as the air tempeatue deceases. t s not manuctues, it is impotant to ensue that
unusual to obtan an ambient ar tempeatue steps ae taken to avoid the mation of dead
coection cto om the moto manuctues zones (noncondensable accumulaton) Dead
that will povde nameplate powe correctons zone maton duing eezng conditions will
based on coole opeating
opeating envionments esult n depessed condensae tempeatues
If ths condton is not coected
coected eezing of the
695 The ACC contol logc adusts n condensate withn the tubes and manent
speed(s) in ode to achieve the desied them
thema
a damage of th ACC may esult.
13
6.1 1 Low Load Opera
Operation
tion 6 132 f specid by the purchaser the ACC
manufcturer shall includ the necessary
6111 Low load operation is dened as a provisions within the ACC supply so that test
conditon in which the ACC is operated at less instrumentation can be installed on the ACC to
than the design steam load I is important that conduct the spcied perrmance tst
the low load and the corrsponding minium
air temperature are clearly identied r the 614 E
Eects of Win on ACC errmance
errmanc e
approval
approval of the
the ACC manucturer.
6.141 There are 2 primay eects that wind
6112 Low load operation presents similar
can have on the perrmance
perrmance of an ACC
challenges as the low temerature operation
described in 6.10. The rsulting situation is
6.14.1.1 (Warm air) recir
recirculati
culation
on - Wil
that more hea
heatt transr · surce is avail
available
able
occur if th wind sped and direction are
than what is required At air inle t te mper
mperatur
atures
es
such that the ACC discharge air stream
abov zing
abov zing this is not a signic
s ignicant
ant conce.
is brought within cose proximity of the
Dead zone rmation
rmation under these conditions wil
air inlet whereby the two air streams
only aect the ACC operating eciency along
mx. This wil cause an increase in the
with an increas in DO potential
air inlet temperature and a rduction in
the peromance of the ACC. The level of
61 13 Low load operation with air inlet
permance degradation will be nction
temperatures
temperatu res below
belo w eezing wll have he same
of the quantity and temperature of the
concerns
conce rns as described in 61 0 However the low
recrclated air stream Recirculatng air
load opration w ill cause the conces to develop
can also cause an imbalance in condensing
more quckly or at higher temperatures.
load om one section to another within the
611.4 The duration of the low load operation ACC Windwalls reduce this phenomenon by
separating the discharge air stream of the
is important. What should be evaluated is
inlet air stream Also design practices such
the minimum load uner sustained operation
as keeping the ar inlet velocity lower than
(greater
(greater than
than 4 to 6 hours) at the minimu
mi nimu m air
the discharge velocity are oen employed
inlet temperature ACC sectionalizing louvers
to mitigate the potential r recirculation
or enhanced contro algrithms may be required
The placement of the ACC relative to other
in order to provide sa nd reliable
reli able operation
large structures or ow disturbances should
be evaluated in order to understand their
6.12 Performance Curves
inuence on the potential r recirculation
612.1 Pe
Peormance
ormance cures shal b e provided by
AC with
the ACC manucturer in accordance with the Recrulao.
specied perrmance test code
6.122 errmance cues shall be generated
with all ns running at the design an speed.
Supplemental curves may be generated r
partial n speed operation; however such
curves are generally not guaranted
6123 errmance cues
cues shall
s hall clearly identi
the minimum operating pressure of the ACC Figre 7
and shall identi
i denti
when the cuves are subject
subject to IH RIRUIN
eeze protection control austments.
6.1412 Dynamic eects on the air ow
6.13 erormance Testing Elevated wind speeds can disturb the ar
ow of the ACC inlet ans and ACC outlet
6131 For contractual compliance, th ACC • ACC air inlet and outlet High wind
should b tested in
i n accordance
accordance with a specied speeds around the ACC structure and
i ndustryrecognized perrmance test code such other plant structures or obstacles can
as ASME
ASME PTC
PTC 30.1 or VGB
VGB 13 1Me cause localized vortices and ow distur
bances that can reduce the air ow
14
through portios of the heat exchager 6.14.2 As a geera
geer a rue, the higher the absoute
budes This wil cause a reductio i vu e of
vue o f the pressure marg of a , the ess
perrmace
perr mace of the
the ACC Reduced
Reduced air susceptbe to wid eects the ACC w e.This
ow through the s ca aso cause is why ower oise ACCs with slow turig ow
a imbalace codesig oad om pressure s) are geeray more sestive to
o secto to aother withi the ACC wid eects
Depedig o the svrity of the ow
disturbace, ths may cause uexpectd 6 5 Eec
Eecs
s of Slar Radiatin
Radiatin
spikes i back pressure that coud resut
steam turbie back pressure alams 6 5 The amout of soar radatio icidet
or trips o a ACC is detemied by the maximum solar
• Fans High wid speedsspeeds wll cause
cause a ux r a give
give ocatio A vaue o the order of
icrease
icrea se i the veoc
v eocty
ty pressure
press ure of
o f the 0 0 0 W/m2
W/m2 is typica
typica r areas
areas ofcocer
ofcocer which
et air stream of the ACC. This wil are coser to the equator or i a desert cmate
crease the static pressure loadig o Ts soar ux s appied to the pot aea ofthe
of the
the causg the s duty pot to ACC, ot the heat trasfer surcsurcee area. f a
shi
shi The resut wi be a higher
high er operatg ACC wer to absorb 100% of the soa eergy eerg y
statc pressure at a reduced ar ow rate, cidet upo its pot area it woud equate
reducig
reduc ig the perormace
p erormace of the ACC to less tha 15% of the ACC's heat rjecto
Typicay the s that are subectd to capacityAthough
capacity Athough the mssvity ofthe
ofthe tub ad
the greaest degadatio i perrmace materias varies betwee AC manuctur-
are those o the eadig ce (upwid) of ers, whe it is cosidered, the maximum impact
th ACC Widscrees or other devices due to soar radtio habe caculated to be
may be empoyed to mitgate these eects ess tha 05% o a istata
istataeous
eous basis If
Ifths
ths
eect is itegated over the dayight hours, the
ACC w Inlt Air �
pact s cosidered egigibe.
Fo Reduc
€
' 652 Operators of ACC
ACCss have obsered back
pressure reductios as age couds bock so
\ I\ I \ I radiatio It is beieved that ths has more to
do with the reductio i air iet temperature
rather than the temporary bockage of soar
radiatio o the ACC heat trasr suace
Figre 8
ACC WTH INLET AR FLOW REDUCTIO
7.0 INS
INSTRUM
TRUM ENT
ENTA
ATON AND CONTROL
CONTROL
7. Recomnded Instumenn 7 1 1 Back pressure ad correspodig
steam temperature: At east oe pressure
7. The ACC shal be equipped wth suce
sucett trasmiter ad oe temperature eemet
istrumetatio to motor the process should be istaled ear the steam turbe
coditios Both oca strumetatio ad exhaust terce or other prscrbed
trasmitters, swithes, ad other devices sha ocatio
be icuded Some of the istrumetatio wil
be ivoved i the cotrol ad protectio of ..2 Codesate temperature i the
the ACC over the
th e speced rage of operatig codesate tak At east oe temperature
coditos The owg process coditios elemet shoud be istalled beow the owest
shal be moitored as a miimum operatig codesate eve
15
7113 Codesate temperature i of air ow cotrol steps avalable is oly a
the coesate heaers At least oe ctio of the umbe
um be ACC as
as ad the type
temperature eemet should be istalle o motor cotrol (sgle, two speed or variable
each coesate heaer. It is importat spee)
that these thermowells are istalle • For exaple,
exaple, a 100-cll ACC with sigle speed
properly such that the temperature s ca provide up to 00 airow cotrol
of the codesate owig i the bottom steps, which, i may cases
cases will be sucet
sucet
of the heaer is measure ad ot the r proper ACC operatio However a 4cell
steam space temperature Where ezig ACC may require VFDs i order to provide
coitios exist temperature elemets may suciet air ow cotrol
be istalled to measure temperature o both • The rage of steam ow rate a ilet ar
sides of the codesate header drai pipe tmperatures will determie th quatity ad
magntude o cotro
cotro steps required
r equired
7114 Temperature of the ocodes
ables At least oe temperature elemet 722
72 2 ACC Freeze Protec
Protection
tion
shoud be istalled i each air removal lie Considerations
per row
t is very importat to esure that the ACC
7115 Ilet air temperature: At east o has the capability to operate reliably ad saly
temperature elemet should be istalled i throughout the rage of specied temera
the air ilet stream
stream othe
o the ACC ad shielde tures a, i partcuar, temratures below
om solar radatio. eezig Although cotrol a eeze protectio
philosophis vary g maucturers, it is
7116 Level of coesate i the tak: importat to esure that steps are take to
At least i
istalled oe
thelevel trsmitter
codesate tak should be
codesate reduce the riskrofeezig
ad potetial low coesate temperatures
• Ehaced moitorig of process coditios
7117 Leve of codesate i the rai a cotrol
pot: At least oe level trasmitter shoul be • Modie air ow cotrol (an spee louvers
istalled i the dra pot. cotrolled recirculatio, etc.)
• Reuce heat trasr area (use of sectioal
7118 Gearbox ol pressure or ow: Oe izig valves)
pressure or ow switch per gearbox is the
staard. 7.3 See
Seectio
ction
n o Numb
Number
er of Iso lati
lation
on Valves
7119 Fa speed: Fa motor speed status 731 I the ACC must be operate at low
shall be moitore r each idividual stam ow rates at air ilet temperatures below
via fedback
fedback om the Motor Cotrol Ceter
Ceter eezig a the suctio pressure at the vacuum
equipmet is too low whe all cotrol steps
71110 Valve positios ofautomatd
ofautomatd valves are exhausted, the heat trasr area of the
The vave positio of each automated valve ACC must be reduce This ca be achieved by
withi the ACC should be moitord
moitord via the rmovig heat transr surce om operatio
lilimit
mit switches or valve ositioers sig sectioalizig valves
71111 Vibratio of airmovig equipmet: 7 32 The umber of sectioaizig valves is
At least oe vibratio switch or trasducer etermie by th amout of heat trasfer
should be istalld r each rive surce that must be isolated i order to
assembly. maitai a sucietly high suctio pressure at
the air-removal ski at the miimum sustaid
72 ACC Control and Freeze Protect
Protection
ion steam ow rat a coiciet miimum design
onsiderations air ilet temperatur The miimum sustaie
steam ow rate ad coicidet mimum desig
721
72 1 General conrol concepts air ilet temperature shall be specied by the
The back pressure ca be cotrolled
cotr olled by purchaser.
modifyig the air ow rate of the ACC
achieved by austig a speeds uless air
ileoutlet louvers are supplie. he umber
16
74 Drain Pot Capacity 75 Condensate Tank Capacit
741 The capacty ofo f the drai pot s a fu
fuctio
ctio
751 The codesate tak is typcay a
o the quaity o the steam
steam eterg the ACC the horzo
ho rzotal
tal cyldrical tak
tak sied usg
us g the design
umberr ofdrais
umbe ofdrais eterig the dra pot ad the steam turbie exhaust steam ow rate, uless
stea duct codesig capacity The dra pot secied othese by the purchaser Typical
capacity shal be szed r at least ve miutes codesate
co desate tak capacty is the volum
volumee sucet
sucet
betwee the ow ad hgh opeatig level usig to cota a of the codesate
codesate produced the
the maximum cotuous codesate ow ACC a period o ve miutes betwee ormal
rate eterg
e terg the drai pot
pot f the codesate
c odesate operatig leve ad low operatig level at the
colected i the steam duct is
is draied
draie d by gravy design steam turbie exhaust steam ow rate
to the codesate retu sysem, a drai pot s Norma opeatg level is
Norma is typcally 5 0% of
o f the
ot requred tak diameter.
8.0 SERV
SERVICE
ICE CONECTIONS
81 Genera Consideations o the acceptable locato ad orietatio of
co ecto
ectos
sco
correct
rrect or icomplete irmato
81.1 Ths sectio sees as a guide to provde cn result mproper locatio,
locatio, orietatio ad
rmatio o the locatio ad dsig of the possible operatioal issu esSimilarly codtio
co dtioss
variouss types of coectios o a ACC to
variou o serce
se rce (e.g, start-up coti
c otiuous
uous)) shall be
permit the dispersio of uid eergies
eergi es at
a t seady specied because probems may occur if i f actual
state operatio without causig detrimetal servce diers om that orgially specied.
eects o the teas, steam duct, dra pot
ad codesate tak. 822 All thermal ad hydraui
hydrauicc des
desg
g
coditos o the coectios provided to the
8.12 Specic recommedatos are provided, mnucturer shall be at the coectio o the
sce each coecto w have dieret ows ACC (ot upstrea ofcotrol
of cotrol valve, etc.)
ad uid eergies ord
order
er to acheve the most
eectve
e ectve dspersio
dspersio
Required coec to seice
seic e 8 Conection Locations
wll rage om higheergy arge volume steam
dumps (i some cases requirig multistage 831 Lcatig coectios o the steam duct,
breakdows ad desuperheatg) to relativey drai pot codesate tank, ad/or ash tak
ow ow ad low eer level coectos must be give high priorty ad be itegrated
to the plat ayout durg preparatio o
813 A AC
ACCC is sigicantly di
d ieret
eret om a the speccatios to avod compromisig ACC
steam surce codeser ad requires uiqu perrmace. t s recommeded that hgh
design cosdeatios Coectos o the ACC eergy
e ergy or ashig drais be routed to a separate
separate
ae typically at a signicat dstace om ash tak as to coditio the uds to an
ash
the heat exchage surac Due to omial acceptable
veted ethapy
to the ACC steamThespace
ash ad
takdraed
sha be
to
steam duct system expaso desgn provsos,
the design temp
temperature
erature of the AC C system the ACC codesate
code sate retur system.
is typcaly 25 0 F 121 C) The ethapies of
typcaly °
the varous ilet coectio ows, particuarly 832 order o esure that all coectos o
steam turbe bypass ow shall be lmited to the ACC are located so that the itegrity ad
approxi
ap proximate
matey
y , 7 0 Btu
Btu/lb
/lb 27 20 kJ/
kJ/kg)
kg) operato of the ACC is ot ot compromsed ad
a d
to esure that requred deaeratio s obtaied,
82 Flow Daa
the lowg requremets o the placemet of
co ectios ad accepabe
accepabe coditios o fows
the co
c oectios
ectios shall be provided
prov ided
The lowg
821 It is imperative that the ACC manucturer
manucturer tabe idicates the prerred locatos r some
is ushed with reiabe ow data requred r categor ies
ies of coectios usually istad o
desgig the coectios ad iterals The the ACC system Numbers dica the order of
er eves ad ows wll have a bearig pref
pre fere
erece
ce
Table 3
PRR RD LOCATIONS
LOCATIONS OF CONNCONS
USUALY INSAL
INSAL D ON THE ACC SYSM
I Steam Duct I Drain Pot I Condensate Tak I Oeaeato I F Tank
o s R No NR NR 1 NR
o Ro
(NR
NR))
o s No R 2 2 1 NR 2
o
M 3 3 2 1 NR
os Ro NR NR NR NR
o Ro NR 1 NR NR NR
o Es NR NR NR NR
G 2 NR NR NR 1
s 2 N R NR NR 1
s 2 NR NR NR 1
ss s 1 NR NR NR NR
oos
s 2 NR NR NR 1
Msos s s oo s o s o o
'1 = Bst choi, 2 God, 3 = Aceptbl
846 t is rcommdd that dras rqurg
84 Connect
Connection
ion Design
Design Guidelines darato
dar
bar) ato hav
gatr thaath
prssur ofat lastprssur.
ofat
ACC opratig 5 ps (034
8.41 Complt dsign coditos (prssur
tmpratur thalpy ad ow)
ow ) must b prodd 84 Dsign o ACC coctos
coct os ad/or latos
at ach co ct
ctio
ioI addito sic codtos should b such that th stam rlas volums
shal b suppld (i, cotiuous itrmittt om th additioal stam loadig wll ot rsult
startu
star tup
p tc).
tc). steam vlocts i xss ofthos
ofthos idicatd
Sctio 66.
842 Lmt th thalpy of trg stam to
1 1 7 0 Btu/
Btu/lb
lb ( 27 20 kJ/
kJ/kg).
kg). Accptac of ows 848 Thrma sl should b provdd o
wth thalpy
thalpy grat
gratrr tha 7 0 Btu/
Btu/lb
lb ( 27 20 procss coctos dsgd r tempraturs
kJ/g) may b cosdrd ddg o spcc xcss of 450 F (232
°
(232C)
C)
coditios o src
849 Udr o crcumstcs should stam
8.43 Lmt coctio prssurs to a maximum ashg dras b admittd to th ACC ulss
of 50 psa (3.44 bara) Prssurs should b lor
lo r coolg air ow s stablshd ad o-cods
whr possbl spcaly r liqud owsSpcal
owsSpcal abl gas rmoval qupmt s i opratio
cosidratos r hghr prssurs should b
rvwd wth dvdual maucturrs 8410 Coectos as dcatd th abov
tabl shoud ot b locatd blow th watr
844 Vtlator val (and othr hgh rgy vl ar ld wld lis itral brcg
short durato sourcs) dschargs should b to corrs or ar ay xpaso jots ruptur
th atmosphr; howvr f thy ar drctd dscs strumts or tral apparatus.
to th ACC lmtato as dscribd abo wil
apply. 841 D o ot loca
locat
t a sr
srs
s o f coc
cocto
tos
s
xcpt gaug ad cotrol, clos proxmty so
845 Wr coditios xcd th abo that high ow coctratos aor itrr
rqurmts xtral dsuprhatg must b cs om dischargs
disch args om all o th cocto
co ctoss
prodd by th purchasr r all coctos wll rsut Hgh rgy drai
dra i ut
u t ls must
that ar i oprato wh xhaust stam ow b kpt away om lqud rtur ls to prt
s abst. Dsup
Dsuprhat
rhatg
g shall b accomplshd droplt trasport ad assocatd rosio
a mr such that th abov thalpy imts
ar ot xcdd
8
2 I ucient ow re not vlbe
8.4.2
8.4. o te tem turbne exut nterce to
wtn te te duct r te introducton o te ACC T nvolve degnng te te
tem turbine byp prger(), ntegrl bel turbne undton urrounding equpent
oung() locted on te tem duct ould be nd tructure to ccopi tee requr
condered ent.
84.3 Te ue o extern tnk 8.5.2 Conectio Types
recoended
preure r g
drn ow temperture
pror to beng dmttedg
to 8521 The two (2) mn type o tem
te ACC T would uuly pply to yte turbine nterce connecton re welded nd
were lrge number o l connecton wt bolted. Te purcer
purce r
l
l provde ucent
g energ eve ext. Minor tem dn detl depctng te interce o tt te
or vent my exceed peced condton n ACC mnucturer cn develop nd ngneer
prgrp
prg rp 84.2 nd 8
8
3,
3, prov
provded
ded ow om nterce connecton detl.
the in tem turbine
turbine ext nd te octon
re cceptble o te mnucturer 852.2 A weded connecton prrred
over bolted connecton to mtgte r
8.4.14 Ppng uptre oll owng connecton
connecton ekg nto te ACC. A lndng br weded
hl be propery
prope ry trpped nd drned to prevnt connecton recommended, t low
dgng wter lugs beng ntroduced nto r djutment durng ntton to
connectons conte r nucturng nd ntll
ton tolernce
t olernce Weldng etod,
et od, cce,
cce, nd
845 Te externl locton l be uc tt · detl be condered wen deveopng
reroutng o nternl ppng not requred, te equpent rrngeent
nce ntel ppng y nteere
nteere wt norl
tem ow wtn te ACC 8.52.3 Bolted nge connecton l be o
the O-rng or gket type T connecton
5 S
Sea
ea Turbi
Turbie
e Exhaus
Exhaus Ierface l be properly ntled nd mntned
to provid e lek-ee el. el. Appropr
Approprte
te
8.5 1 Oienaion, Loca
Locaion
ion ad tolernce
toler nce in ti connecton
c onnecton l be pecfd
pecfd
Diesios Metltometa nterce ll be voded
• Flnged te turbne connecton l
8.5. Te purcer l
lll provde ucent be ced nd drlled per te te turbine
detl depctng te over te turbne uppler gudelne
rrngeent, pticurly te orentton • Expected nge ce c e ne ll be
nd locton o te te turbne nterce indcted.
reltve to te ACC Addtonlly interce • Ct ron nge connecton ll be t
denon nd hpe det ll be ced
provded o tt te ACC nucturer cn • Gener geo etr etrcc dimenionng nd
deveop nd engneer nterce connecton toernce ould be reonble nd tte
detl te ncton requreent.
• Crel degn nd plnnng re eenti
85.2 Typicl
orentton ncludete turbne
bottom exut
exut, xl nd cutoer
outne peccton
l expected ut
dmenion, clrly
tol ernce,
tolernce,
exut, lter/ide exut nd top nd fne
exut Mutple exut openng my
ext 8.5.3 is
islacemes
lacemes a Selemen
Selemen
8.5.13 Locton nd orentton o te Stem turbne exut inerce dplce
te turbne nterce() ut be gven ent nd derentl ettement between
hg pro
p rort
rt y nd be ntegrted into te pnt te te turbne nterce, te te duct
yout durng preprton o te pecic upport, nd te ACC tructur uppot
ton to vod comprong te mn temtem due to y ctor h be pecfed by te
duct degn nd perrnce o the ACC purc
pur cer
er nd l be le tn 0
012 5 nc
Te locton nd oienttion l ciltte ( m), une oterwe cceptble by the
the ecent nterconnecton, ntllton, ACC nucturer
upport nd routng o te n te duct
19
It is imperative tat te purcaser specied, then atrnate expansion joint
cooperates wit the ACC manucturer to types, materials and arrangements may
ensure tat all conditions ae examined be considered I this event it is incumbent
prior to the ACC initial design Care upon te purchaser to advise the ACC
design and planning are essentia, and manucturer so tat alternate desgn
customer specications must cearly outline considerations can be explored
all expected settlement and displacements
85 It F Mt 856 St
St E D
D
8541 Considera
Consideration
tion o the interaction
interaction 85 61 Te main steam duct is a thin-waled
8561
o rces and moments at the stam externaly pressurized vesse Accordingy
turbine exaust interce are o paramount externa and/or interna stieners are
importance Te purcaser must speciy required to provide te necessary structural
reasonabe allowabe external rces and integrity Te purchasers design o its
moments at te interce location turbine support structure internal piping
and components shall consider the ACC
8542 In no case shal the
t he ACC
AC C steam duct manucturer'
manuc turer'ss stiening
sti ening requirement
requir ement
be required to support te steam turbine
8562 Unless specied otherwise, support
support
853 It is imperativ
imperativee tat the purchase
purchaserr o the purchasers components (edwaer
cooperates wit te ACC manucturer to heaters, pping spargers, patrms, etc) is
assure all conditions ae examined prior to not consideed
consideed Isupport
I support osuch
osuch components
the ACC initial design Car design and is required then it is incumbent
incu mbent upon te
planning are essential and cusomer speci purcaser to advise te ACC manucturer
cations must cearly outline all expected o suc details tat may be required r te
rces and moments ACC manucturer to consider in i n it desi
854 Unless specied otherwise, te
854 857 S
S
E
purchaser understands that te steam S P
turbine is capabe o accepting te internal
vacuum rces associated with te incorpo nless scied otheise it is assumed tat
ration of an unrestrained expansion joint the steam ow velocity, pressure and density
near the steam turbine interce Te prole exiting the steam turbine ae unirm
intenal vacuum rce is in
i n addition o those in nature Tis assumption shall be considered
rces and moments specied under 1 by te ACC manucturer in its structural
Te purcasers seam turbine undation ydrauic designs
design shall consider te resutant vacuum
rces and moments n te event tat the 86 S
S
B
B
G
steam turbine is not abe to accept vacuum
rces it is incumbent upon te purcaser 861 G
to advise the ACC manucturer so that
alternate design considerations should be 861.1 Comple
Complee
e evauation o t
tee design
explored parameters r main steam bypass ines
is important te sa operation o te
855 Se E
E
ACC Operating requirements and speca
E
E Jt
Jt customer requirements could aect the ACC
desig t is imperative that te purcaser
855 1 In order to accommod
8551 accommodateate te cooperates with the ACC manucturer to
alowable external rces and moments assure al conditions ae examined prior to
loads) and displacements at te steam the a design
turbine interce an expansion joint is
routnely required Usu
Usuay
ay an
a n unrestrained 861 2
8612 Operation o steam turbine
expansion
expansio n oint is
i s utiized bypass sould occur wit all ACC systems
capable to operate at ll capacity or
855 2 I unusua
8552 unusuall design temperature
temperature,, startup conditions, to acieve maxmum
displacement or load conditions are condensing capacity a non-condensable
20
ust be extracted om te ACC system. I i s mprative that the purchaser cooperates
Durng sustaned steam turbine bypass wt t ACC manucturer to assure all
operation noncondnsabe xtraction sall condtons are examined prior to te ACC
be mantained at the requred holding rate. nta design. Carel design and planning
Carel design and pannng are essential are essentia, and customer speccatons
and customer speccatons must clearly must cearly outlne all expected rces and
outlne al expected operational modes. moments.
86.13 The total amount o condtoned If unusual desgn temperature dispace
bypass steam admtted to the ACC can ment, or oad conditons are speced, then
vary over a wde range. ACC manuctur- aternate connecton types materals and
ers do not guarant
guarantee
ee perormance r steam arrangements may be consdered. n ths
turne bypass srvce ut rather make event t is incumbent upon te purcaser
accommodatons
accommodat ons r te condensaton o the to advse th ACC manucturer so that
bypass steam ow. aternate desgn consderatons can be
expored
8614 Noise abatement measures such as
the use o specal nose attenuatng valves 62
6 2 Bypa
Bypass
ss S
Seam
eam Condt
Condtionng
ionng
spargers or nose attenuatng nsulaton,
should be consdered by plant degners 862. ACC bypass steam nlet enthalpy
n accordance wth spced noise requre values shal not eced
values eced 111 1 70 Btu/lb
Btu/lb 27 20
ments. ACC manucturers shal not be kJ/kg)
kJ /kg) and 5 0 psa ( 34
444 ara) to ensure the
the
required to provide noise guaran
guarantees
tees dung dscarge des not exceed the ACC den
steam turbne bypass operatons. temperature. External desuperheating
devces tat reduce enthalpy to 1,170 Bt/
86
86 5 Bpass Connect
Connecton
on lb ( 27 20 kJ/
kJ/kg)
kg) must be located sucenty
suce nty
Alowable Loads: upstream o te ACC to ensure adequate
mxng and evaporaton o te attempera
Location and orientaton o the steam ton ud
turbne bypass nterce(s) must be gven
hg prority and be ntegrated nto the plant 8622 e steam turbine manucturers
layout durng preparation o te specca- may set specic gudelnes r maxmum
tons to avoid compromisng th main steam temperature at te nterce o te steam
duct desig and perrmance o te ACC. turbne wit the ACC. Man steam turbine
The locaton and orentaton shall clitate exaust expanson jont supplers aso
the ecent nterconnecton installation have temperature mts that need to be
support, ad routng o the man steam duct consdered When such lmitatons are
om the steam turbne east inteace to encountred a coong water spray curtan
te ACC.
ACC. Ts nvolves desgnng te steam may be required near the steam tubne
turbne bass surroundng equpment and exhaust duct transiton area to reduce local
structures to accomplis tese requre- temperature excursons. Te purcaser
ments. sall design and supply the spray curtain
Consderaton on the interacton o components
within whcturbne
te steam shall exaust
be ntegrated
duct.
rces and moments at the steam turbine Water loading pressure connecton sze
exaust duct nterces are o paramount and components shal be speced by the
mportance. Te purcaser must specy the purcasr.
purcas r. Carel dsgn
d sgn and planning are
external rces and moments at te nterce essentiall and must
essentia mus t b coordinated
coordinated wt te
location. he rces and moments sal be ACC manuactuer. In no event sall te
reasonable, consdering te arrangement to ACC manucturer be requred to provde
the steam turbne exaust duct. garantees wit regard to te spray curtain
perrmance.
21
Table 4
TYPICAL ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS
SIZE Forces (N) Momets (Wm
NPS ON FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
2 50 800 800 800 160 160 160
3 80 1 800 1800 1 800 540 540 540
4 100 3200 3200 3200 180 180 180
6 150 72 700 7200 430 430 430
8 200 1800. 1800 1 2800 10240 1 04
040
0 10240
10 0 14000 14000 14000 1 1000 1 1 00
000
0 1 100
1000
0
12 ad over 3 14000 14000 14000 1 100
1000
0 11000 1 000
SZE Forces (lbf M omens (f*b
NPS ON FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
50 180 180 180 10 120 120
3 80 405 405 405 4 4 400
4 1 00 720 70 720 945 945 945
6 150 1620 1620 1 62
620
0 3185 3185 3185
8 00 2880 2880 880 7550 7550 7550
10 50 3145 3145 3145 8110 8110 8110
1 ad oer 300 3145 3145 3145 8110 8110 8110
87
8 7 F
F
H
8711 Th nstallaio
87 nstallaion
n of edwate
edwate heae
heaer(s)
r(s)
wthin the ACC steam duct wi aect the
perormance of the ACC. As such, the incusion
of feedwatr heater(s) requres the purchaser
to speci the location, orientation, dmensions,
pipe routing, and quanti
quan ti
If all of th above
inrmation is not provided, the guaranteed
back prssure shall be measured downsteam of
the feedwater heaters)
872 Addit
Additiona
iona thermal
thermal loads if any are not
considered by the ACC manucurer uness
specied otherwise by the purchase
22
9. 0 VENTING EQU IPM ENT CAPACITIES
9. Vent
Ventng
ng eq
eq
reme
remens
ns 9. Pmps compressors, and
a nd other mechanical
mechanical
drives The venting
venting equipment design
design sction
sction
9.1.1 Venting equipment mst be capable of pressure is that r whch the ACC is desgned
removing all noncondensables and associated minus 10 inch Hg or the lowest reqired sction
water vapor om the ACC to produce the pressure. Minimm shall be .0 inch HgA
minimum steam condensing pressure consistent
with physical dimensions and heat transr The 9.3 Desgn Sucion Temperare
sources of the noncondensables to be removed
include bt are not limited to . 9.3 The temperature ofthe
ofthe gas vapor mixtre
• Low pressure steam turbine·casng, seals and shall be considerd as 7.5 F below the steam
°
associated drains saturation temperate at the eective sucton
• Air leakage nto all system components
components pressure.
oprating
oprat ing at sbatmospheric pressre.
• Gases released om
om edwater drans and
and 932 The 75 F temperature dierential is
vents admitted to the ACC a design vale tlized to physically size the
• Gases released om makeup admitted to the ventng qipment The actua temperatre of
ACC. the vapor at the vent otlet dring operation is
• Con
Conddensate surge and ash tans when inuenced by the operating characteristics the
vented or drained to the ACC noncondensable load, and the capacity charac
• Disassocation of ed
edwatr
watr nto oxygen, teristcs of the ventng quipm
quipmnt
nt nd may
may not
hydrogen and other noncondensables in necessarily be equal
equal to the 75 F ierential
°
certain tyes ofnuclear
ofnuclear eed cycles. 9.4 Caclaio
Cacl aion
n of Waer
Waer Vapor
92 Unless specied by the purchaser and Load Componen
accepted by the ACC manucturer the ACC
manctrer shal no be responsible r the The amount of water vapor to satrat the
eect that additiona sources of noncondens non-condensables can be caculated om the
ables have on ACC perormane. llowing rmla
9.1.3 n addition to non-condensables,
non-condensab les, a qantity
of associated water vapor will also be vented.
This qantity wll e a unction ofthe
ofthe qantity,
temperature, and pressure
pr essure of the noncondens
noncondens Wen the non-conden
non-condensable
sable s dry ar (MWNC= 29),
able ow. the weight of the water vapor can be obtaned om
the above eqaton PW is the satration pressure
92 es
esgn
gn Sc
Scon
on Pressre of steam at the mixture tmperature and PT is the
total pressure of the mixture.
n orer
ore r to coordinate
coo rdinate the perrmance of the
venting equipment to be installed with an ACC 9.5 Mni
Mnimm
mm Recom
Recommended
mended Capac
Ca paci
ies
es
seing a trbine,beitinis accordance
sction prssure recommendedwithtat
thethe design
llowing: t is recommnd
recommndeded that the capacity
capaci ty of th
thee venting
equipment not be less than the values shown in
9.2.1 Eecric generaing service The Tables 5 thr 7 at the design sucton pressure to
venting eqipment design sucton presse is insure adeqate removal capacity nder commercial
.0 nch HgA or the mnmum sction pressure operating conditons
(as measured at the inlet to the air removal
equipment) based on the specied range of 95
9 511 Pocedre r S
Sz
zng
ng
operating conditions
c onditions r the ACC Fnal selection Venng Eqpmen
should consider compatible operaton ofthe
ofthe ACC
and its vntng equipment over th ll range of 95. Determine the total steam ow of
anticipated operating pressures and loads In the unt by adding the main trbine exhast
addition, the physical location of the eqipment ow and any auxiliary trbine exhast
shoul be considered when the design sction ows entering all main ducts ofthe ACC.
pressure is selected
23
1 Determine the tota number of
ofLP
LP Entr Table 5 and a nd se the row listed r the
trbne exhaust openings Do not ncde Eective Steam Fow Each LP Exhast Openng
axilary trbine exhaust openings of1,5
of 1,5 0 0, 0 01 to 2, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 lb/hr
13 ivide ow obtai
13 obtained
ned n 95 1
11
1 The total nmber of exhaust openings
openi ngs s one
by exhast openng nmber obtaned This
(1)
(1) This is determned by the sum of the tota
n 95
51
12
2
Th
Thee resultant nmber s the nmber main exaust openngs and axiiry
eectve steam ow r each Ip trbine trbne openings
exhaust opening
opening
The ntersecton ofths
ofths column and row reslts in
1 Enter the
the appropriat
appropriatee secton of
of a venti
ve nting
ng capacity
capac ity of 225 SCFM
Tabe 5 and ocate the ow obtaind n
Step 9513 Example o. 2: The cond condense
enserr design parameters
are the owing
Determin
Determinee total
total number
number ofexhaust
ofexhaust • One L P Exhaust Casing Casing
openings by adding the toal number of • Total steam ows om LP turbne exhasts
LP turbine exhaust openings to the total 9 5 0 0 0 0 lb/h
lb/hrr
nmber of auxliay turbines exhasting • Total steam ows o omm auxl
a uxlary
ary turbne
into the ACC. exhau
exh auststss = 20 0, 0 0 0 lb
lb/h
/hrr
• umbr ofLP ofLP trbn
trbn exhaust
exhaust openings = Four
Determine the recommended (4)
capacty by sing the number obaned in • mber of axiliary trbine exhast openngs
95
951
15 Two (2)
If the ACC is separated nto indivdua The tota stea
steam
m ow of the nt is the sm of the
block s or split congurat
blocks co ngurations
ions (i.e
(i.e parael
para el main turbine exhast and axiliary exhausts
condensers) so that the sction pressres at Th
Thss va
vae
e s 115 0, 0 0 0 lb/
lb/rr]
ll perormance can be derent, then the
venting system capacty of each block shall be The number ofLP main trbne
t rbne openings s ur
ur
per Table 5 (4).
The llowing s
s an example of
o f sizi
sizing
ng the Dvidee 1,15 0 0 0 0 b/
Dvid b/rr by r (4) The rest
rest is
ventng eqipment: 28 7 5 0 0 b
b/hr
/hr which is the eect
eective
ive steam ow
r each man exhaust opening
Example o 1: The condenser desgn
paameters are the llowing Enter Table 5 and se the row lsted r the
• One LP Exhast Casing eective
eective steam ow r each LP exhast openng
open ng
• Tota stea o ows
ws om LP trbine exhasts o 25
25 0, 0 01 to 5 0 0, 0 0 0 lb/r
1
1 6 0 0, 0 0 0 lb
lbr
• Total steam
ste am ows om axiliary
axiliar y turbine The totatota number of exhast openings s six
exhausts = 0 lb/ lb/hr
hr ( 6 ) This is determined by t he sm of the total
• umber of LP turbne exhaust openngs = number LP exhast openings and auxiary
• One (1)
Number
Num ber of axiliar trbine exhaust turbine openngs
openings Zero
Zero ( 0) The intersection ofthis
ofthis colmn and row resuts in
a ventng capacity of 25 SCFM
SCFM..
The total steam ow of the nt is the sm of
the LP trbine exhast and axliay exhasts 3 (B) t
t
[This
[This val
valee is 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 lb/
lb/hr When sustaned steam dmp operation is requred
ventng equpment must also be suitable to
The number ofLP
ofLP turbine openngs is one (1) handl the desgn quanttes ofnon-con
non-condensable
densabless
satraed at a temperature 7.5 F beow that
°
Dvid
D videe 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 lb/
lb/hr
hr by one
one (1)
(1) Th
Thee resut
resut corresponding to the satraton steam pressures
is 1 6 0 0, 0 0 0 lb/h
lb/hr
r whch
whch s the
the e
eect
ective
ive stea
steam
m at the highest condensing pressure liely to occur
ow r each L P exhast openngopenng ith ll steam dmp load with all or a partial
nmber of ns orating at the maximum nlet
air dry bb temperature
24
9.6 Rapd Evacaton
Evacaton (Hoggg) Equipment wel as the time desired r such reduction. Where
specc vaues are not listed the industy standard
When staring the steam turbine it is desirable to has een estabished at O"HgA (0338 ara) in 30
reduce te ACC pressure om atmospheric to some minutes based on a xed voume Depending on
lower value. This can be done by means o snge overa plant design, bypass stea ow rates may
stage ejector or mchanical vacuum pump The require moduation in order to pevnt pressure
capacity of the device is dependent on the eective- spikes that may burst rupture discs Therere
ness o the turbine gland seals, the voue of the owe evacuation pressures or longe evacuation
ACC turbine casings and associated ducting as perids may b dsired.
Table 5
ONE LP EXHAUST CASING
I
Eecve Seam Fow Each
Ma has Openg bshr Toal Nmber of xas Opes
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Up o 250 ·SCFM 30 4.0 5 5 7. 5 7.5 7. 5
Dr Ar bs 13.5 18 22 22 33.8 33.8 338 45.0
Waer Vapo bs 297 396 49 5 49 74.3 743 .3
74.3
74 99
Toal Mixte bs 432 76 720 72 8.0 080 080 1 44
44 0
21 o 00 •CFM 40 50 7.5 7.5 00 10. 100 25
Dr Ai bs 18 225 338 338 40 4 40 63
Wa Vapo, bs/ 39.6 49.5 74.3 74.3 99.0 99.0 99 1238
Toa Mix bs/r 76 720 108.0 8 1440 1 44
44 0 1440 18
0 o 1000 FM . 7 .5 00 1 25 125 15 175
Dr Ai bsh 225 338 45 45 563 563 67 788
Wae Vapo lbs 495 7 4.3
.3 990 990 1 23.8 238 1485 1733
Toa Mre lbsh 720 08.0 1440 1440 1800 80 260 220
1000 o 20 FM 75 12.5 25 0 17 200 200 20
Dr A, bsr 338 63 56.3
56 .3 675 788 900 9.0 112
Waer Vapo bsh 74..3
74 1238 1238 48 733 1980 980 2475
Toal Mx bshr 18 1800 80 216 2520 2880 288. 3600
20 o 500, *SCFM 10. . 17.5 20 2.0 2. 30.0 300
Dr A, bs/ 45.0 67.5 788 25 1 2.5 30 1350
Waer Vapo,
Vapo, b 99 1485 733 198. 2475 2475 2970 2970
oal Mixte, b 144.0 216.0 2520 288 36.0 360.0 432.0 432
0 o 750,0 SCM 125 20 20.0 2 3.0 30 350 400
Dr Air bsr 56.3 90.0 9 2. 13.0 35.0 157 1800
Wa Vapor, bs/r 23.8 98.0 198 247 297.0 297. 346. 3960
Toal Mxue, bs/r 80.0 2880 288 3600 432.0 432.0 04. 5760
7000 o 1 0,0 *SCFM 50 22.5 22.5 27. 32 35 4 45.0
.0
Dr Ar bs 675 03 101.3 238 146.3 575 8. 225
Wae Vapor lbsh 485 2228 2228 272.3 3218 3465 396 44
4
Toal Mi lbs 26.0 3240 324 396. 4680 040 76 6480
100,001 o 1,2500 SCFM 7. 20 27 32. 37.
7. 400 45 00
Dr Ar lbsr 788 112 1238 1463 1625 8. 225 220
Wae Vapor lbsh 173.3 2475 2723 328 375 396 44.5 490
Toa Mxe lbsh 252 36 3 468 20 576 648 720
1,2,01 o 150000 ·FM 200 275 30 35 40 40 45 00
Dr Ar lbsh 90 23.8 13.0 575 800 225 225 225.0
Wae Vapor lbsh 198 2723 297 3465 396 445 4455 49
Toa Mix lbshr 288 3960 432 540 76 648 648 72.
25
I
Efectve Stem Fow Each
an Ehaus Openg bh Tota Nube of Exas Oes
1 500001 to 2,000000 •FM
•FM 225 300 350 37.5
37.5 450 500 500 550
Dy A lbs/hr 0.3 1350 575 1625 2025 2250 2250 2475
Water Vapo lbs/hr 2228 2970 346.5 3575 445.
45.55 495. 0 4950 545
Tota Mite lbs/hr 324.0 4320 5040 5200 6480 720.0
.0 720.0 7920
2,00000 to 2500000 *SCFM 25.0 325 3 7.5 400 50.0 55.0 .0
55.0
55 600
Dry Air bs/hr 125 1463 1625 800 225.0 247.5 2475 2700
Water Vapo /r 247.5 32.8 35 7.5 3960 4950 544
44..5 544.
54 5
4.5 5940
Tota Mte bs/hr 3600 4680 5200 5760 7200 7920 7920 8640
2500001 to 3,000,000 SCFM 27.5 35.0 40 0 450 50 .0 550 600 65.0
D bs/hr 238 1575 800 2025 2250 247 5 2700 292.5
Water Vapor, bs/hr 2723 3465 3960 4455 4950 54.5 594.0 635
Tota Mixre lbsr 396.0 5040 576.0 6 4 8 0 720.0 792.0 860 9360
3,000001 to 3 5000
500000
00 SCFM 300 400 45.0 500 550 600 650 700
Dy Ai lbs/h 350 180.0 2025 2250 2475 2 7 0 .0 2925 35.0
Wate Vapo bs/h 2970 396.0 445.5
445.5 4950 54.5
54 .5 5940 3.5
643.5
64 6930
Tota Mixr e bs/h 4320 5760 68 ' 7200 7920 860 936.0 008.0
3500001 to 4000000 SCFM 325 450 500 55.0 600 65.0 700 75.0
Dy ir lbs/hr 146.3 2025 2250 2475 270.0 292.5 3150 3375
Wate Vapor lbs/hr 328 4455 495.0 5445 5940 6435 6930 7425
ota Miue lbs/hr 4680 6480 720.0 792.0 864.0 9360 10080 080.0
•14_7 psia at 70F
Noe:: These tls
Noe tls r ba d o kge ony ad r vapor mxur c HgA ad .5
°
26
Table 6
TWO LP EXHAUST CASINGS
I
Efectve Stea low Each
Man Exhast Openng bsh Tota Nmbe of haust Openngs
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10000 to 250,000 •CFM 150 200 20 225 250 275 300
Dr Ar lbsr 675 90 90 103 1125 1238 350
Wate Vapo bs/hr 48 5 198 1980 2228 2475 2723 2970
otal Mixture, bs/hr 26.0 2880 288 3240 3600 3960 4320
25001 to 5000 SCM 200 225 250 30.0 325 375 400
Dr A
A bs/hr 90.0 1013 125 1350 46.3 1625 800
Waer Vapor
Vapor lbs/h 1980 2228 2475 2970 328 3575 396.0
Total Mxte lbsh 2880 3240 360 4320 468.0 5200 5760
500001 to 750000 SCFM 250 275 32.5 375 40.0 45 0 500
Dr Ar, bs/h 1125 238 463 1625 1800 2025 2250
Water Vapor bs/h 247 5 2723 3218 3575 3960 445
44 5 5 4950
otal Mte bs/h 3600 30 4680 5200 5760 648.0 7200
750,0 to 1 000,0
000,000
00 SCFM 275 30.0 350 400 450 500 550
Dr Air lbsh 23.8 135.0 1575 180.0 2025 225.0 2475
Water Vapo, lbs/h 272.3 2970 365 30 4455 4950 5445
Tota Mxture, lbsh 3960 4320 500 5760 6480 7200 792.0
1 0000 to 250000
0 00 'SCFM 325 350 40 450 500 550 600
Dr Ai, lbs/h 1463 1575 180 2025 2250 2475 2700
Water Vapor bs/h 32.8 3465 30 45.5 4950 5445 5940
Total Mixte bs/hr 4680 5040 5760 6480 720.0 7920 860
2500 to 1 500,000 *SCFM 350 3 7 .5 450 500 55.0 600 650
Dr A lbs/hr 1575 625 2025 225.0 2475 2700 2925
Wate Vapo lbs/hr 3465 3575 4455 4950 54
4 5 594.0 643.5
Total Mxte lbs/hr 5040 5200 6480 7200 7920 8640 9360
500
500
to 2,000 SCFM 37.5 400 5.0 550 600 65.0 700
Dr Ar lbs/hr 1625 1800 2250 2475 2700 2925 315.0
Waer Vapor lbs/hr 357.5 3960 4950 544
44 5 5940 6435 6930
Tota Mxte lbsh 5200 5760 7200 7920 8640 9360 008 0
008
2,00000 to 2,500000 FM 400 450 550 60 65.0 700 750
Dr Ar lbs/h
lbs/hrr 800 2025 247.5 270.0 2925 350 3375
Wate Vapor bs/hr 3960 5.5
445.5 5445 5940 643.5 6930 742.5
ota Mixture bshr 5760 648.0 7920 8640 936.0 0080 1800
2,50000 to 3000,000 SCFM 450 50.0 550 650 70.0 750 800
Dr Ai bshr 2025 2250 2475 292.5 350 7.5
337.5
33 00
Wate Vapo bshr 4455 4950 5445 643.5 6930 7425 7920
oal Mxture bshr 6480 7200 792.0 936.0 10080 0800 152.0
3,0001 to 3,500000 ·FM 500 55.0 60 700 750 800 85.0
Dr Air bs/hr 2250 2475 270 350 3375 3600 3825
Water Vapor bsh 495:0 445 590 693.0 7425 7920 845
Total Mixture bs/h 7200 792.0 860 10080 080 152
1520
0 224.0
3500,0 to 4,00000 SCFM 550 600 65.0 700 800 850 900
Dr Ai bs/h 2475 2700 2925 350 3600 3825 4050
Water Vapo bs/hr 544.5
544.5 5940 643.5 6930 7920 845 8910
ota Mxte, lbs/h 7920 8640 9360 10080 152 12240 20
"14.7 psia t 0•F
No e: Ths ables r bsed on ai akag y a d h vao mxtur t 1 ich HgA a F
oe °
27
Table 7
THREE LP EXHAUST CASINGS
I
ectve Steam Fow Each
Ma Exaust Openg lbs/hr Total Nmber of xhaust Oe
3 4 5 6 7 8
25000 to 500000 ·FM 30.0 325 375 40.0 450 50.0
D A, lbsh 350 463 625 800 2025 2250
Wae Vapo lbs 2970 32.8 3575 396.0 4455 4950
Tota Mxt ue lbsr
Tota 4320 4680 5200 5760 648.0 7200
500001 to 750000 ·FM 325 75
375 450 500 550 600
D lbs 1463 625 202.5 225.0 2475 2700
Wate Vapor, lbs 321 .8 3575 4455 495
95.. 0 5445 594.0
Total Mxte bs 468.0 5200 80 7200 792.0 8640
750001
750001 to 000000 •SCFM 375 450 500 550 65.0 700
Dy Ai, lbs/r 1625 202.5 2250 2475 2925 3150
Water Vapor, lbs
lbs 3575 445.5 4950 544.5 6435 6930
Total Mxtue bs 5200 6480 7200 7920 9360 0080
1 ,000,00 to 1 250000 CF
CFM
M 400 500 550 650 700 750
D Air, bs/ 1800 225.0 2475 2925 350 3375
Water Vapor lbs/
lbs/rr 30 4950 5445 6435 6930 7425
Total Mxture lbr 5760 7200 7920 936.0 008.. 0
008 10800
1 25000 to ,500000 *SCF
*SCFM
M 45.0 55.0 600 700 750 800
D Air, bs 2025 2475 2700 350 3375 0.0
Wate Vapor b 445.5 54 4 . 5 5940 6930 7425 7920
Total Mxe bs 680 7920 8640 1008.0 080
0800
0 1520
1 500,00 to 2000000
2000000 FM
FM 500 60.0 650 75.0 80.0 90.0
D Air bs
bsh
h 225.0 2700 2925 7.5
337.5
33 60.0 405.0
Wae Vapor bsh 4950 5940 643.5 7425 792.0 890
Total Mxue lbshr 7200 864.0 936.0
936.0 080
0800
0 520 20
2,00000 t o 2,5000 FM 55.0 65.0 700 800 85.0 950
Dy Ai bs 2475 292.5 3150 3600 3825 4275
Wate Vapo bs 5 4 .5 643 .5
43.5 6930 792.0 8415 9405
Tota Mxure bsh 792.0 936.0 0080 520 2240 3680
2500,00 to 3,000000 FM 60.0 700 75.0 850 900 1000
Dy A lbsr 270.0 315.0 3375 382.5 4050 450.0
Wate Vapo lbs 594.0 6930 7425 8415 890 9900
Tota Mxue bshr 8640 10080 0800 12240 2960 1440.0
300000 to 3500,000 FM 65.0 750 800 900 950 1050
Dry A bshr 2925 3375 3600 4050 427.5 4725
Water Vapo bs/h 6435 742.5 7920 89.0 940.5 1039.5
Total Mxre bs/h 9360 080.0 52
520
0 296.0 13680 1520
3500001 to 4000000 FM 700 800 850 95.0 1000 00
Dry A b
bhr
hr 35.0 360.0 3825 4275 4500 4950
Water Vapor lbs/r 6930 7920 8415 940.5 990.0 0890
Total Mixtue br 10080 1520 12240 13680 1 44
4400
00 5840
"14.7 psia at 0F
Ne: Ths abls
abl s a s on ar akg ad
a d a vapo mxur a c HgA ad 5
°
28
1 0.0 ATM
ATMOSPHER
OSPHER C RELIEF DEVCE
DEVCES
S
0.1 Gneal the
the syst
syst volu
volue e excee
exceedsds 4 5 000000 then
3
ultple devices oo the
the sae
sae size
si ze sho
should uld b used
used
,
0. The size o atospheric relie devices 10 3 Rupt ure Device
conditions
ois sucient
dependenttsizeisupon
tounderstood
passtheall specied
othatthe they operating
steaust
whichbe 0.3 A rupture disc is a non-reclosing
non-reclosing pressure
can be aditted to the ACC except o the relie diaphrag actuated by static pressure
lines that are alrealready ady protected by relie devices dierential and designed to nction by the
set to open at pressures not eceeding the ACC burstin
burs tingg o a pressurecontaining
pressurecontaining nonagent
relie pressre Typically th! axiu stea ing disc
ow rate is dened by a stea turbine bypass
condition 032 Every ruptre disc shall have its burst
pressre tagged in accordance with the design
0..2 The size
siz e and location o at atospheic
ospheic relie reqireents
reqi reents The
The selected brst
b rst pressure shall
devices should be based on th llowing criteria: take into account anufcturing tolerances
• elie device size and associated piping should Underr no circustances
Unde circustances shall the burst pressure
e selected to prevent pressure in ACC o plus all associated tolerances xceed the ACC
eceeding the ACC design pressure design pressure
• elie
so theydevices should rbe inspection
are accessible located andandinstaled
repair 03.3 Thee total installed ptue disc capacity
Th
The protective devices need not be directly shal be sucient to reieve the axiu
axiu ACC
installed
the
are stea onturbine
properly thesizedACC
exhaust
but ayhoodbeprovided
installedtheyon stea owTheatllowing
0.3.4
or belowequation
the ACC
ACC design
ay bepressure
used to
• Exhaust o al reliedeices ustbe properly estiate the size o the rupture disc based on
vented by the purchaser to avoid injuy to dr and saturated stem
personnel or daage to eipent
0 .2 Vacuum Breake
Breaker
r Valves
seiceValves
10.2.1
A watershallsealbeay
designed r llovacuu
be required aple Where,
depth around the valve disc to ensure proper A Miniu required ow rea in 2
sealing o the seat with provision r adequate W = Discharge
Di scharge ow rate lb/hr
ll and dranage K Flow coecient use value
5
value o 0
06
6 2
= Reievin
4
Re ievingg pressure psi a
suggestedThe lowing
breaertable
sizes rprsents the A
1022
vacuu r ACCs This 0.3.5 I the required rupture disc diaeter
ethodolog
atospheric
at
six ospheric pressure
inuts considers
Purchaser(0( 0breaing
0shallbaraconr
toll1.0vacuu
1scope
3 aa)
aa)andtoin sizsize
exceds
e shall30"be then
utilied.
ultiple ruptre discs o eqal
sizing criteria
cr iteria 1036 upture discs are usually located on the
Tb 8 ACC ain duct or distibution header Location
VACUUM B REAKER SIZE FOR ACCS
r ease o replaceent as well as
protection and the avoidanc o accidental dsc personnel
daage should be considered
considered
o ' e Bee Se
oeSe-S Rupture discsandshall
o
o
4 037
opeate satisfctorily withoutbeleaage
designed
leaa ge underto
o 9 8 ll vacuu
9 o 10
o 88
88 o 8
8 14
o
29
1. 0 INS
INSPECT
PECTION,
ION, QU ALT
ALTY
Y AND FIEL
FIELD
D INSTALLATIN
INSTALLATIN
1 1 1 Lea
Leakag
kage
e Testin
Testing
g 1121 Suppemental nondestructive
xamination (ie, dyepenetrant, magnetic
11.11 A pneumatic leak test is perormed to partice testing radiography, etc is typically
veri the
th e leak tightness o the n tube bundes, not required
steam distrbution headers and miscelaneous
pipin gTypicaly testing o the main
main steam duct 1122 The welding shal be perrmed using
is optional r muti-row ACCs hn the main welders and writtn wed procedures, which
steam duct is tested, the main steam duct and have been quaied in a manner comparable to
the tube bundle drain nozzes must be banked that dened in Section X o the ASM Unred
Unred
an engineered blankin plate must be used to Pressure Vessel Code
blank the main steam duct the main steam
duct is aso tested, the duct blanking plate 1123 All wl ds sha
shall
ll be examin
examined
ed in the "as
" as
is instaled as close as possible to the steam welded condition preceded ony by normal
turbine exhaust interfce. ceaning
1112 An ar compessor is used to put the 1124 Weld inspection methods and
system under pressure; a typica testing pressure equipment
is 435 psig ( 0.3 barg The acceptance criterion • Personnel perrming visual inspections shall
r the pressure test is to imit the air leakage be qualied to eye examinations in accordance
expressed in lbr (khr ) to 2 % o the holding with SME or AWS.
AWS.
capacity o the airremoval system associated • Al measuring equipment shall be maintained
maintained
with the tested section Th pressure and the and calibrated i n accordance wth the manufc
temperature oo the air inside
in side the ACC should be turer's approved quality contro manuals and
montord on an houry basis The duration o prcdures
the test should
shoul d be up to 24 hours
hours or as
as required
to demonstrate leak tightness 1 125 Wed Cae ores Th
Caeores Thee lo
lowi
wing
ng
categories are estabished considering the
1113 A temporary pressurerelie devic devicee seice requirements o specic typs o welds
should be installed to prevent overpressur These criteria appy to shop welds and to eld
ization o the ACC The capacity o the relie wlds in the apparatus except r pipe welds
device shall be at least equal to th capacity o made to connection stubs
the compressor utiized r the pressure test • Category includes pressure bounda welds:
During the pressure test it is recommended to Those welds which provide a separation o
blank o the rupture disc to prevent accidental atmospheric pressure and ACC internal
activation pressure
• Category includes structural welds Those
1 1 14 ACC structures are not designed o welds which are associated with the primary
withstand
withsta nd the oads associated with a hydrostatic
hydrostatic support structure o th ACC platrms,
test aer installation Terere, hydrostatic staiays ducting, vesses and piping
testingg shal n ot be prrm
testin prrmed
ed
• Category incudes
welds associated withalldirt
other weds vortex
collars, hose
1 1 2 Inspe
Inspecion
cion and
and Quay of Weldin breakers inteal
in teal shielding, lagging, personnl
grating, ladder rungs, grab bars instrument/
Tis section estabishes minimum standards r accessory support, temporary erection and
visual inspection o ACC weds perrmed in the shipping members nameplatesrackets etc
shop and eld The visual acceptance criteria are
devloped using recognized codes and standards 1 126 Accep ance evels Acceptance eves
Accepance
such as ASM codes ANS standards, A A A r various types
typ es o weds in Categories II, and
and AWS as a guide More stringent requirements are to be identid
identi d by the equipment suppier
may be specied by the purchaser and wil take with SME used as a guide r Cat�gory and
precedence AWS
A WS r Category .
30
1 .3 Sfa
Sface
ce Preparation Rqirements surces need no be rmoved. Pre-cleaned
material such as prbasted plates ma b
1 1 .3 1 Geeral euiemets Su Sur
rce
cess painted pror to brcaton. Al accessbl
shal be prepar b the manucurer to assre pan scars and blemshes shall be rouced
that e equpment wl be accepable om te pror to shipment I must b recognzed
lowing
lowin g aspec s: tha some toucup wll be requred aer
unloading or nstaaion
3.. Surces o be coaed (paned
or gavanzed) wl be sutaby ee om 32 Gee
Geea
a Reireme
Reiremets
ts
deleterous materials that ma aec e
adeson of e coatngs. .32 Table 9 contans te recommended
accepable preparatons r varous areas
1312 n any case te suce preparaton and components of he ACC Eac area
sall mee te requiremens of e coaing s evaluated on te bass of preparaton
ssem to e utzed. requred r coangs as wel as e ulmate
desinaton of he contaned
conta ned uds and any
.33 Loose scale wed spaer or oher partices ta ma be carred wi te ow
materals sall be removed by sutabe
meods. 1322 The requiremnts as wrten
appy o th preparaton
prepar aton of componens ad
34 Surces wll have a workmanke assembis as bult n the manucturer's
appearance and eedom om scars and clites
clit es Fna assembl o f te apparatus
protrusons that could cause bl njury y the ercton contractor sould met te
applicabe sectons of Table 9
113.5 Thebepreparatons
perred requred b hs 3 The purchaser should assure tha
scton ma a any i in 132.
132.3
te manuctu
man ucturng
rng cycl
cycle
eRust ta develo
develops
ps parts of te componens
compo nens suppled
suppl ed b oter
durng manucure sall be removed pror tan te condenser manucturer but
to pantg f t would be detrimenta to wch are conneced to or nsaled in the
te pant applcaton. us on nonpaned condensr, are prepare n smlar son
Table 9
R ECOMMENDED ACCEPTABLE PREPARATONS OF COMPONENTS
AND ASSEMBES BUILT IN
IN MANU FACTURER'S FACLITIES
Chaacteistic I Bundles Ducng I Tanks P1png Axliay Equpment
Pe te
te appca ble weldng pode Pe Manuaces
Wed Suraces Per Manufactes sandad
sandad
Ineal suace per SSPCSP2 o
General Sace Pe Manactes
Per Manuactu
Manuactues
es sandad better
Condton tena sa pe SSPC-SP6 standard
Mno ue ndentatons
ndentatons and
n deomaton s aeptale. Dep to be e smalle o Per Manacues
Indenatons be ndentons sold not
02*ckness o /8" (3mm) standard
compromse te pesse
bonda
Resda Wed Max. egt = 8
8 (3mm;
(3mm; Dess
Dess
Pe Mauacures
Metal and Per Manuacurers sandad as nessa to assure good pant
sandad
Protsons coveage
Arc Srkes Remove al Ac Stkes
Pe Man uacter
uacter's
's
Wed Spater Remove spatte pe SSPCSP2 o beter
sandard
Remove spatte pe SSPC-SP2 o bete Pe Manuacters
Ml Sle sandad
Genea Condon Loose d, paces ecessv
ecessvee ust, os and genera contamnans sal be emoved
emoved b bsng
bsng ar
o Compone ts or blowng and o wae
wae o poduce a wokmanke
wokmanke appearan (pe SSPC2
Sb-Assembles
31
1 .3.3 Specal Requr
Requremen ts The require
ements .5 Quaty Assur
Assurance
ance
mnts o this section represent good practices
recommnde by the ACC manufcturer, the The manucturer shal have a Qualty Assurance
paincoating manucturers appicators and program r ACCs This program
prog ram shal be outlned
in general mt the intent o specications n a Quaty Assurance manual which wl be
by engneering frms owners and prchasers available to the purchaser and hs representatves
o this equpment However there may be upon request. The system shall provide fr control
xceptions requiring
There are two special
basic groups preparation
o special require- o
thatquaity
o anyinsubcontractor
both the manucturers plantFeld
fbrcatng parts and
ments Qualty Assurance is the responsbilty o the
purchaser anor installing contractor The party
.3.3 Purchaserspecied requiremnts responsible r the fd instalation should have
the
the purcha
p urchaer
er or his agent desire
desire any a quality assurance program comparabe to that
preparation more stringnt (ie abrasive o the ACC manufcturer Review o this quaity
blastng) than this Standard it must assurance program shall be the responsibilty o
be clearly stated n the procurement the purchaser
documents.
The Quality Assurance progam shall provide r
.3.3.2 anucturerspecfed requre
.3.3.2 assurance o compliance with but not limited to
mens The manuctur
mens manucturer er may
may at any the manucturers and HE Standards which
time prepare the equipment n a manner provide as a mnimum
superior to the requirements o Table 9 • Proj
Projct
ct contro
c ontros
s (i
(iee engi
engineer
neer procurement
Ths improvemet is discretonary and instalation
could be done to suit the manucturer's • Materal controls
economic evaluation andand/or
/or his processing • Fabrication controls
equipment and schedules. As a minimum • Quality control
the manufcturer is required to provide • Document control
preparation as dicated by the require • System r audit o contro o procedures
ments oo the painting or coating process
process
.6 Ere
Erecto
cton
n Advsor
Advsor Dutes
1 .4 Pat ng, Coatng ad
Corosio Protection The manuc
manucturer
turer may provide the servces
servces o an
erection advisor to counsel the purchaser n the
.4. External surfces o carbon steel ACC proper installation o the ACC and accessories n
components (steel structure ducting piping accordance with the erection drawings and nstal
ad vessels are to be cleaned and either hot atin procedures.
dip galvanzed or painted with one coat o
prmer Touchup o the prmer and applicaton n the event o any conct between the manuc
o the nish paint
pain t are
ar e perfrmed aer
aer fnal
fnal eld turer's requirements and site practice the erection
installation by the purchaser advisor wil bring such confcts to the attenton o
the purchasers designated representative
representative
1.4.2 Inteal ACC suraces do not rquire
prmer
shipmentpaint,
and orstorage
rust inhibitors
Oxidationronormal
these The erection advisor shal not be responsibe r
the lowing:
suces
suc es s acceptable and is to be epe
epected
cted Any • The supeision o the erecton crew
internal surce preparaton activties should • Fitup and weld quality
use frrous materials that are slica ee
ee • Lifing and riggng plans
• The heath and sa
saety
ety o
o the
the erection
erectio n crew
.43 echaical eupment shal be provided • The schedule o erecton and work progress
with the manuct
man ucturers
urers standard ctory fnish
fnish
7 Er
Erect
ecton
on Cleanlnes s
1.4.4 These Standards do not cover the
application o any coatings. All such appica 11.7.1 Due to the reativey large intenal
tions shal be done to the requirements o the voume and confned spaces within an ACC
appicable process
pr ocess t is mportant that the erection contractor
exercises a heghtened evel o housekeeping
eort s ACC row sections are completed
32
the erection contractor shall inspect the upper This is not detrimen
detrimenta
ta to the perra
perrance
nce o the
stea headers and reove al constructon ACC and s removed durng the hot comission
debris (i.e, tools, weld ods, sag too boxes, ing phas
lights, etc) so that it does not enter the n tubes
or other areas. 75 xterna
xternall debris and
and construction
construction ateia
ateials
ls
must be removed om al suraces o the ACC
11 72 The erection contractor shal sequn
1172 sequnce
ce
the installation o the ACC to provide opportu prior to This
procss the includes
start o but
the iscold
not coissioning
liited to the
nities to remove any debris prior to closure llowing
A practical approach to clean the interior o • Heat transr surce
surcess
the ACC
A CC om the top to the bottom shall be • Walkways and platrms
llowed In particuar, the conensate headers • echanical equipent (ns, otors, etc)
shal remain open r cleanout·until the stea • Fan guards and cabe trays
headers are copletely instaled and cleaned.
18
18 Pt-Et al
173 Other AC C co
coponen
ponents
ts (stea ducting,
drain pot, condensate tank, and piping systes) Upon completion o the eection activities, it is
shal be cleared o debris and broo cleaned recommended that a representative o the ACC
as each coponent is instaled or prior to nal anucturer
anuct urer and the purchaser (or
(o r purchasers
purchasers agent)
closure perr a posterection wakdown The llowing
activities shall be perrmed:
117 4 Appropriate clean
1174 cleanout
outss or ea
eans
ns o • Visually inspec all instaled ACC coponents
collecting debris within the condensate drain • Review inspection and testing records associated
syste shall be provided r during the hot wih the erection activities
commissioning
contractor. t is phase by thetocoissioning
very coon have surce • Review and modi punch list items as required
rust r on the internal surces o the carbon
stee aterials (ie ducting, piping, tubes, etc)
1 2.0 COMMISSIONNG
21
• eri proper lubrica
lubrication
tion o al
Typical cold comissioning or "dry run" activities rotating equipent
are completed aer construction. Noral prerequi • Caibrate instruents and perr
sites incude that the ed pressure test is complete nctional check
and success, punch list items are satised, all • Megger all motors
electrical and instrumentation connections are • Remove blanking pate(s) and install
copleted and pow
powerer is availa
available
ble to an
an otors an
and
d rupture
rupture disks)
disk s)
• Remove shipping braces o all
other electrical components expansion joints
211 Typical prestart inspections include but
but
are not liited to the lowing: 2 1
21 33 rceed with the cold coission
12 1 Conr thathatt the erec
erection
tion activities pe the ACC anucturers O&M
cleanliness requirents as described in manua, which include but ay not be
secton are met limited to
• Bup
B up motors and chec k an
an
12 2 Conr
Con r that preoperational • err n run test and adust vibration
checks of all echanical equipment have switches and gearbox ow/pressure
been perred in accordance with the switches, as necessary
ACC anucturer's O&M anual which • Adjust an blade pitch as necessary
include but may not be liited to: • Note any unusu
unusual
al vibrations
vib rations record
• Conr
Conr gearbox oi type and level i necessary) and noises om rotating
• nstal gearbox breathers equipent
3
• Test valve ncton (stroke valve and set Once seam cleaning has been competed the
or adjust limit swtches as necessary CC is ready r norma operaton and the
• Per
Perrm
rm vacuum equipment nctiona
nctiona llowing hot commissioning activites should be
test conducted:
• Commissioning of CC Eectrcal System tun a s
• Veri pressure contro at CS and tun
• Commissioning of CC Instrumentation necessary verify vave control.
and Control systems • Veri ar remova system operation.
•• eat Tracing
Groundig Functional
System Checkheck
Functional • Verify
ambienteeze protection
temperature nctions subject
contions). subject t o
• Check and record the noncondensable gas
122 H
temperatures, condensate temperatures and
n tube bunde temperatures.
221
2 21 ot commis
commisoning
oning actvit
actvities
ies can • Perrm a vacuum decay test of the system
commence once steam becomes avaabl. It and check r CC system leaks as necessary
is recommended that all cold commssioning
activities be successlly compleed 23 D
A
A
222
2 22 The CC manuctu
manucturer's
rer's O&M Manua
Manuall 231 The manu
manuctur
cturer
er may provde the
shall be used in conunction with the llowing services of a commssonng advisor to counsel
chckst r reference the purchaser n the proper commissonng and
ntal operation of the CC and accessories n
22 3 Commissonin
Commissoningg activite
activitess r equi
equipment
pment accordance with the CC manucturers O&M
· suppled by others are not the responsbility anual
of the CC manucturer Some typcal hot
commissioning actvities include 1232 n the vent of any conict between the
• Conduct ineal steam cleaning of the CC manucturers requirements and site practic
until the purchaser's water chemistry require- the commissoning advisor will bring such
ments are met. The purchaser shall provide conicts to th attention of th purchasers
and install teporary provisions to collect desigated representatve
condition or dispose of the initial condensate
• urng the stea cleaning, inspect steam 2 33 The commissionin
233 commissioningg advsor
advsor shal
shal not be
duct hat exchanger, and piping movements responsible r the owing:
to conrm ee expansion • Te supesion of the commissionng crew or
plant orators
• nstallaton or removal of temporary
componens requred during the cold o hot
commissioning
• Th schedule of commis
commissoning
soning and work
progress.
34
APPENDX A
HE A R COOLED
COOLED STEAM
STEAM CONDENSER
CONDENSER DATASH EE
EET
T - M PERIAL UNTS
Maufaer:
2 Cstome I Projec Name
3 Loction
4
5 Cstome RefRef
Maufacrer Dae
eson:
• "'
"' , .-
6 Steam-side r-sde
Steam ow ae b/hr oal air mass fow Ibs
8 Non-codesable ow ate b/hr Temperate n / o F
9 be exhast esse " HQ(A) dle ce veoc /s
10 le ehapy Btu/b Fa sac essure "H,O
1 Seam quali Alow per an c
12 emerate / o F otal motor nu owe
owe W
13 aometric pressure: ·s(a)
14 ea ase Daa
15 Heat trase ate: B/h'F xeded sufa
16 Heat dut MMBtu/hr MTD F
17 Bde ace area f' are tbe surface: f'
18 nde Desg Dt
9 Design pessure ps(g) Desg temeratre: F
20 est
essue:
essue: ps(g) I
. -
2221 Po areahegh
Oveal W x : ft X Nmbe
Nmbe
frst obe
stae ubeleh
rows:
23 Ce arranet rows x (cells/
(cells/ow
ow secod stae tbe ength:
24 Nmber of ls 1"2 stage
"
be dsions x n
25 Ce size, W x x be ch
26 Man d length ft be wal hckess n
27 Man d diameer
dia meer n be mateial
28 Dt cooson aowa n Fn mateal
29 Disrbto
Disrbto header
head er diamete
d iamete n Fi dnsons n x in
30 Bdes per cel Fi thickne
thi ckness
ss / fp
fp in /
31 Tbes pe bnde:
32 Fans
33 Fas pe Diamete
34 Speed I RPM Nm o bades
Nm
35 Hb maeral:
35 lade materia
36 Fan shaft power hp SPL@3 dBA
37 o
38 Type: Nm e
Nm e :
39 Seed
39 RPM nclosee te
nclos te
40 Moto ratig h Vots / Phase / Cce
4 Seed Redcers
42 Typ: Nm er
Nm er l:
43 Redo ratio: AGMA sei facto
44 Condensate Tank
45 Wa thckness: n Voume al
46 Normal eve n Normalal leve
Norm l eve ca
caac
act
t
3
4 Max evel Max eve
eve caact
caact
48 Dienss dmeer x ength Corrosion aow
aowa
a
49 sellaneu
sellaneus s Equipen
50 Vacuum ssem te: oldinQ steam se b/h
5 Holdi capaty SCFM oging steam se b/h
52 og time to 1 0 HgA mn ubin
u binee expansio
expansi o oit
t te
te
53 Moive steam esse / ps) / F
54 Wei ght
eightss
55 Emt weight lbs erag wegh bs
56 Noes:
35
APPENDIX A
H EI AIR
AIR COOLED SEAM
SEAM CONDENS
CONDENSER
ER DAT
DATAS
ASHEE
HEE - MERIC UN IS
1 Manufacer
2 Custome / ojec
ojec Name
3 Loton
4 Custome Ref Date
5 Manufacte Ref: Revison
1· e1n, •r
•ra
6 teamde
. Ade
7 Steam ow ate T/h Total a mass ow kg/s
8 Noncondesable ow rate T/hr Tem
Tem eatu
eatuee in / ot C
9 Tubine exaust pessure barA) veocit:
Bunde ace veocit s
10 Inlet enthap kJ/k Fan static presure a
1 Steam qual Airfow e fan m3/s
12 Tem
Te merate
erate n / out C Total motor inut powe kW
13 Baotric ressue baa)
14 eat ae Daa
15 Heat ansfe ate W/m2 C Extended sa m'
16 Heat d u
u:: MW LMTD C
17 Bundle fa aea M2 Bae tube srface m
18 Bde De Daa
19 Desgn rese bar(g) Degn temeratue C
20 Test pee bar()
B· ' "•
2 ot area W x L: mxm Num o tube ows
22 Oveal heght m st stae tube length m
23 Cel aranement rows x (cell/ow condd stae
con stae tbe length
length m
24 Num of lls: 1"/ 2 stae
"
ube dimenson m m x mm
25 Cel sze, X L mxm ube ptch mm
26 Man duct enth m ube wal thcnes: mm
27 Man dct damete mm ube mateia
28 Duct rosion aowance: mm Fn mateal
al
29 Distrbuion
Distrbuion heade dameter mm Fn dinsons mm x mm
30 Bndes pe l Fn thicnes / m mm// -
mm
31 Tbes er bundle:
32 Fa
33 Fans er l Date m
3 Sed: RPM Nm of bades
35 Hb mateal Bade mateal
36 Fan sha
sha owe
owe kW SL@ m dBA
37 oo
38 Type: Nm per l
39 Speed RPM Encosue pe
40 Moto ratin kW Vots / Pha / Cce
41
42 ed
Type: Redce Nume l
Nume
43 Reducton atio AGMA sei faor
44
44 ond enae a
45 Wa thnes mm Volume m
46 Normal eve mm Noal
No al leve caa
caaty:
ty: m
47 Max evel mm Max eve ac m
48 Dmensions diamete x lenth m Coosion alowance: mm
49 ceaneo Ement
0 Vacum sstem tvo e:
voe Hodn steam se kg/ hr
kg/
51 Hodn caacit: m/ Hn steam e: /hrr
kg/h
kg
52 Ho tme to 0.34 barA mn Tbne expansion ont type
53 Motve steam
st eam resse
resse / T barg / C
bar
54 eg
55 Emty
Em ty weht T Oatng
Oatng wet
wet T
5 Note
36
APPENDIX B
CONVERSON FACTORS
Area m' = 5500 i
07639
ea ansfer rae 1W = 342 3 Bu/
Bu/
Hea x W/2 0317 Bu/h•'
Hea ansfe ecet W/m•K 76
/•
/•
FF
Enapy kJg 042995 Btu/b
Leg m = 39.3701 .
32808
Mass 1 kg 22046 lb
Mass densiy 1 kg/ = 0062428 b3
Mass flow ae 1 kg/s = 79366 lb,/
Pressue an sress 1 Pa 1 45 10 bi
45 bi
0197 10· aa
= 0197 10 g/c'
405 10- wate
953 X 0- n Hg
1033 X 10 Pa 1 sanar amospee
5
1 X 1 0 Pa 1 bar
Specic ea 1 kJ/kg•K 023886 Bub•F
Teperaure K 5/9)R
(5/
(5/9•(+45967
9•(+45967
= C2735
Tepeaure ere K 1C
= (9/5•R = (9/5)•
Vome m 35.34
264 7 gal
Vume ow ae 1 /s 21 1 89 1 0
m
m
5850 10 gami
Veocity 1 ms 96.85 mi
mi
Power W 341 p
Fouling faco 1 m K = 5678 hf/B
Norma amospeic pressue
pressue 101 ,325 Pa
Pa
37
APPENDIX C
ACC TROUBLESHTNG GUDENES
Ths troubleshooting gude has been prepared to assst perators of ar cooled condensers. Th gude pro
provdes
vdes
genea gudance, and opeators re advsed to consult wth the manucturer hen necessary r specc
nstuctons
mnucturer; regadng
hoeverther
theseequpment Many
tems do aect
a of the tems
ect operaton an lsted belo
must be are not by
consdered n opeatos
the scope of the condenser
Expansion jont ailue Repace
Repace o r eai expason joint
LP Turbne Chec all LP tbne seas
Weld aure ocate wed faue and epair
ube eak octe ad repa
eaks
eaks rom vet or drai conecion
conecions
s Check a potena sources connected to vaum
connected
space
srumentatio Check al isumeato coneons to vacum
spa
Condee
Chemsty
(Hgh Conduct1vty)
I Manhoe or bli d fange gases
Coroson produc
Coroson producs
s or wed sag i n censer
Repai gaset seatng sua
Check· and clean condesae heaes. deaeato
rays and cdesa:e an
Inmg dans Chec dain sources
Fae nstrument
Readg I
Instumes ou o cabron
Damage instrumens
mpror insallation
I Chec caibato
Repar o epa as nessay
Chec manuacues ecommedatons cludng
valve maniold and pigtai equrements
Irect age Che pocess equremens ad rect as
requied
Isoaed instrumen conecon Chec connecto
38
APPENDX C
ACC TROU
TROU B LESHOOTNG GU IDE
IDELN
LNES
ES
Hg Abste Bac
pesse
I A -eakage See ar nl eakage sectn
Esse aiside olng
Esse Cea ext
exteal
eal eat transfer s a
ace
ce
Ar baketig wt te tbe budles Cnst eqpment peas maal n
ecmme
ec mmeded
ded pu gn g actn
actnss
Ht a recrcatn Csu OEM s upper r ecmmeded
ecmmeded sltns
f pat secc arangemets
Ht air ingestn int ACC a inet fm tsde sres Remve
Rem ve sield r redre t ar eent away
frm te
te ACC's ar in et
Hg wnds Cnslt OEM sppler f recm
recmmende
mendedd st is
pant specic
c arangemets
Cndensate dp wti ACC Cea debs tat may be bstrug cndesate
danage (i.e, staners DA spray vaves
vaves etc)
Ct gic t pessre t
t g Reduce set pressre
ase nstrmet eadgs See Fase nstrumeat Readig sect
Air-mvg system fare Cnsu O&M mana r OEM suppie
Vacm eqipment faie See HE Vacuum Eq ipment ublestg
Gude
g ssved A I-eakage See A Ineaage sec
I I Cec et
Cndesate o,
Hig disslved 02 n prcess pant dans et steam s s
Vacm eqpment ilre See HE Vacum Eqpment blestig
Gude
Ai ban ketng wtin te f tbes cas ng cdensate
cdensate t Csl eqpment peatns manua
sbc ecmmended pging atns
Cnsut HE desgn sandards
I I
ca Overeating Opeaig cndtins exedig desgn parameters Ceck for pper dsperheatg f dran
cnec
Re-evauate ntea dsperi desig
I parameters I Expected at w ad/w back pesse Pssibly
w Htwe Make p t cdensate tak exceedg desgn Ceck ad adJust make p fw
Tempeatues
Opeati design/lw lad peatin
aevated wit steam spagig 1 n cdesate tank
Tube aes
I be inet esn
Fze tubes
Repacee epa tb es ad cs
Repac
evsed
ev
csl
l OEM fo
sed pratng cndt s t av d r
reeng
eeng
Cnsl OEM f repar tecqes and apprv
apprvdd
metds fr sding
Maitena nce cnstcn
cnstcn damage Repa replace as equred
I I
g V1bran Fa mbaace Ceck a baance accdance w O&M
A1r-Mv1ng System manua
Ceck r brke/cracked blades
Ceck f ce bades
Lst fa bade Repace accding O&M manal
Essve ai-sde lng Cea n tube bndles
39
NOTES
40
NOTES
41
NOTES
42
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