Paradise Lost PDF
Paradise Lost PDF
Paradise Lost PDF
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Paradise lost
John Milton
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PARADISE LOST
BY
JOHN MILTON
THE ILLUSTRATIONS
BY
WILLIAM STRANG
f
1
W.S.
JOHN MILTON
OF
CH
PARADISE LOST
BY
JOHN -MILTON
W.5 . /
ILLUSTRATED BY W.STRANG
LONDON :GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS LTD
NEW YORK : EP'DUTTON & CO
ON
The Photogravure Series
PARADISE LOST
BY
JOHN MILTON
LONDON
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SONS, LIMITED
NEW YORK : E. P. DUTTON AND CO.
1905
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Libr ary ! L.K.. Frans
3-5-31
CONTENTS
PAGE
BOOK I. 9
BOOK II . 28
BOOK III . 51
68
BOOK IV.
BOOK V. 91
III
BOOK VI .
BOOK VII . •
131
160
BOOK IX .
BOOK X. 186
. 210
BOOK XI .
RAPHAEL .
" 100
That is, above what other poets have attempted ; the Aonian Mount
in Baotia being the supposed baunt of the Muses .
1
1
B. 1. PARADISE LOST IT
!
Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate :
At once, as far as angels' ken, he views
The dismal situation waste and wild ; 60
A dungeon horrible on all sides round
As one great furnace flamed , yet from those flames
No light, but rather darkness visible
only to discover sights of , y m o roUn
Regions of sorrow ,dolefulshades, where peace!
And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
o s r
That comes to all ; but torture without end
Still urges, and a fiery deluge, fed
With ever -burning sulphur unconsumed :
Such place eternal Justice had prepared 70
For those rebellious, here their prison ordained
In utter + darkness, and their portion set
As far removed from God and light of Heaven,
As from the centre thrice to the utmost pole. I
Oh , how unlike the place from whence they fell !
There the companions of his fall, o'erwhelmed
With foods and whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,
He soon discerns, and weltering by his side
One next himself in power, and next in crime,
Long after known inPalestine, and named 80
Beëlzebub. To whom the Arch - Enemy,
And thence in Heaven called Satan, with bold words
Breaking the horrid silence thus began.
66
If thou beest he ; but ob, how fallen ! how changed V
From him , who in the happy realms of light
Clothed with transcende brightness didst outshine Centen
Myriads though bright ! If he whom mutual league,
United thoughts and counsels, equal hope
And hazard in the glorious enterprise,
Joined with me once, now misery hath joined 90
In equal ruin : into what pit thou seest
From what height fallen,somuch the stronger proved
He with his thunder : and till then who krew
g e r l i n
The force of those dire arms? 'yet not for those ,
Nor what the potent victor in his rage
Can else inflict, do I repent or cbange,
Though changed in outward lustre, that fixed mind,
Pen ho
B. I. PARADISE LOST 13
Say, Muse, their names then known, who first, who last,
Roused from the slumber, on that fiery couch,
At their great emperor's call, as next in worth
Came singly where he stood on the bare strand,
While the promiscuous crowd stood yet aloof. 380
The chief were those who from the pit of Hell,
Roaming to seek their prey on earth, durst fix
Their seats long after next the seat of God,
Their altars by his altar, God's adored
Among the nations round, and durst abide
Jehovah thundering out of Sion, throned
Between the cherubim ; * yea , often placed
Within his sanctuary itself their shrines, t
Abominations ; and with cursed things
Hisholy rites and solemn feasts profaned, 390
And with their darkness durst affrort his light.
First Moloch ,I horrid king besmearcl with blood
Of human sacrifice, and parents' tears,
Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud
Their children's cries unheard , that passed through fire
To his grim idol. Him the Ammonite
Worshipped in Rabba and her watery plain.
In Argob and in Basan, to the stream
Of utmost Arnon . Nor content with such
Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart 400
Of Solomon he led by fraud to build
His temple right against the temple of God
On that opprobrious hill,g and made his grove
The pleasant valley of Hinnom , Tophet thence
And black Gehenna called , the type of Hell.
Next Chemos, ll the obscene dread of Moab's sons
From Aroar to Nebo, and the wild
Of southmost A barim ; in Hesebon
And Horonaim , Seon's realm, beyond
The flowery dale of Sibma clad with vines, 410
And Eleälé to the Asphaltic pool.
Peor his other name, when he enticed
* The ark of the covenant was placed between the golden cherubim .
Compare 2 Kings xix. 15.
See 2 Kings xxi. 4 ; Jer. vii. 30 ; Ezek. vii. 20 , vir:. 5, sq .
The nameMoloch signifies king, and he is called “ horrid " king, because
of the human sacrifices which were made to him .
§ Solomon built a temple to Moloch on the Mount of Olives (1 Kings xi. 7 ),
therefore called " that opprobrious hill;" and high places and sacrifices were
made to him “ in the pleasant valley of Hinnom ," Jer. vii. 31 , which lay
south -east of Jerusalem , and was called likewise Tophet, from the Hebrew ,
toph, a drum ; drums and such like noisy instruments being used to drown
the cries of the miserable children who were offered to this idol ; and
9
Gehenna, or “ the valley of Hinnom ," is in several places of the New Testa
ment, and by our Saviour himself, made the name and type of Hell, by
reason of the fire that was kept up there to Moloch, and of the horrid groans
and outcries of human sacrifices. -Newton .
I God of the Moabites, 1 Kings xi. 7.
B , I. PARADISE LOST 19
510
Their boasted parents ; Titan, Heaven's first-born,
With his enormous brood, and birthright seized
By younger Saturn ; he from mightier Jove,
His own and Rhea's son , like ineasure found ;
So Jove usurping reigned ; these first in Crete
And Ida known, thence on the snowy top
Of cold Olympus ruled the middle air,
Their highest Heaven ; or on the Delphian cliff,
Or in Dodona, and through all the bounds
Of Doric land ; or who with Saturn old
Fled over Adria to the Hesperian fields, 520
And o'er the Celtic roamed the utmost isles.
All these and more came flocking ; but with looks
Downcast and damp, yet such wherein appeared
Obscure some glimpse of joy, to have found their chief
Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost
In loss itself ; which on his countenance cast
Like doubtful hue ; but he his wonted pride
Soon recollecting, with high words, that bore
Semblance of worth not substance, gently raised
Their fainting courage, and dispelled their fears. 530
Then straight commands that at the warlike sound
Of trumpets loud and clarions be upreared
His mighty standard ; that proud honour claimed
Azazel , as his right, a cherub tall,
Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurled
The imperial ensign , which, full bigh advanced,
Shone like a meteor streaming to the wind,
With gems and golden lustre rich emblazed,
Seraphic arms and trophies ; all the while
Sonorous metal blowing martial sounds ; 540
At which the universal host up sent
A shont, that tore Hell's concave, and beyond
Frighted the reign of Chaos and old Night.
Allin a moment through the gloom were seen
* Gen. xix. 8 .
+ Javan, the fourth son of Japhet, is supposed to have settled in the
south -west part of Asia Minor, about lonas, which contains the radical
letters of his name. His descendants were the lonians and Grecians ; and
the principal of their gods were Heaven and Earth .
Not the scapegoat, but some demon.
22 PARADISE LOST B. I.
* This name is Syriac, and signifies riches . “ Ye cannot serve God and
Mammon , " says our Saviour, Matt. vi. 24.
B. I. PARADISE LOST 25 .
Men also , and by his suggestion taught,
Ransacked the centre, and with impious bands
Rified the bowels of their mother earth
For treasures better hid. Soon had his crew
Opened into the hill a spacious wound ,
And digged out ribs of gold . Let none admire 690
That riches grow in Hell; that soil may best
Deserve the precious bane. And here let those
Who boast in mortal things, and wondering tell
Of Babel and the works of Memphian kings,
Learn how their greatest monuments of fame
And strength and art are easily outdone
By spirits reprobate, and in an hour
What in an age they with incessant toil
And hands innumerable * scarce perform .
Nigh on the plain in many cells prepared , 700
That underneath had veins of liquid fire
Sluiced from the lal: a, a second multitude
With wondrous art fur:nded the massy ore,
Severing each kind, and scummed the bullion dross :
A third as soon had formed within the ground
A various mould, and from the boiling cells
By strange conveyance filled each hollow nook,
As in an organ + from one blast of wind
To many a row of pipes the sound - board breathes
Anon out of the earth a fabric huge 710
Rose like an exhalation , with the sound
Of dulcet symphonies and voices sweet,
Built like a temple, where pilasters round
Were set , and Doric pillars overlaid
With golden architrave ; nor did there want
Cornice or frieze, with bossy sculptures graven ;
The roof was fretted gold. Not Babylon,
Nor great Alcairo , such magnificence
Equalled in all their glories, to inshrine
Belus or Serapis - their gods, or seat 720
Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove
In wealth and luxury. The ascending pile
Stood fixed her stately height, and straight the doors
Opening their brazen folds discover wide
Within , her ample spaces, o'er the smooth
And level pavement : from the arched roof
Pendent by subtle magic many a row
Of starry lamps and blazing cressets & fe'l
* There were 360,000 men employed for nearly twenty years upon a single
pyramid .
+ On which instrument Milton was himself a performer.
Belus the son of Nimrod , second king of Babylon , and the first man
worshipped for a god, by the Chaldæans styled Bel, by the Phoenicians,
Baal. Serapis, the same with Apis, the god of the Egyptians.
A cresset is any great blazing light, as a beacon .
26 PARADI
SE LOST
B. I.
BOOK II .
THE ARGUMENT.
hul
Common revenge, and interrupt his joy
In our confusion , and our joy upraise
Á In bis disturbance ; when his darling sons,
Hurled headlong to partake with us, shall curse
Their frail original, and faded bliss,
Faded so soon. Advise if this be worth
Attempting , or to sit in darkness here
Hatching vain empires.” Thus Beelzebub
Pleaded his devilish counsel, first devised
By Satan, and in part proposed ; for whence, 380
But from the author of all ill, could spring
So deep a malice, to confound the race
Of mankind in one root, and earth with Hell
To mingle and involve, done all to spite
The great Creator ? But their spite still serves
His glory to augment. The bold design
Pleased highly those infernal states, and joy
Sparkled in all their eyes ; with full assent
They vote : whereathis speech he thus renews.
“ Well have ye judged, well ended long debate 390
Synod of gods, and like to what ye are ,
Great things resolved, which from the lowest deep
Will once more lift us up, in spite of fate,
Nearer our ancient seat ; perhaps in view
Of those bright confines, whence with neighbouring arms
And opportune excursions we may chance
Re -enter Heaven ; or else in some mild zone
Dwell , not un visited of Heaven's fair light,
Secure, and at the brightening orient beam
Purge off this gloom ; the soft delicious air, 400
To heal the scar of these corrosive fires,
Shall breathe her balm. But first, whom shall we send
In search of this new world ; whom shall we find
Sufficient ? who shall temptwith wandering feet
The dark, unbottomed , infinite abyss,
And through the palpable obscure find out
His uncouth way, or spread his airy flight,
Upborne with indefatigable wings,
Over the vast abrupt, ere he arrive *
The happy isle ? What strength, what art can then 410
Suffice, or what evasion bear him safe
Vault. Convex is properly used of the exterior surface ofa globe, and
concave of the hollow interior,
ISE
38 PARAD LOST B. II.
UNIC
OF
42 PARADISE LO.
Of Ternate and Tidore, * whence merc
Their spicy drugs : they on the trading
Through the wide Ethiopian to the Cap
Ply stemming nightly toward the pole . .
Wis
UNID
OF
PICH
1
B. II. PARADISE LOST 43
1
B. II. PARADISE LOST 45
BOOK III .
THE ARGUMENT.
God, sitting on his throne, sees Satan flying towards this world, then
newly created ; shows him to the Son , who sat at his right hand,
foretells the success of Satan in perverting mankind ; clears his
own justice and wisdom from all imputation , having creating Man
free and able enough to have withstood his tempter ; yet declares
hispurpose of grace towards him , in regard he fell not' of his own
malice, as did Satan, but by him seduced. The Son of God reni ers
praises to his father for the manifestation of his gracious purpose
towards man ; but God again declares that grace cannot be exte ,ded
towards man without the satisfaction of divine justice ; man bach
offended the majesty of God by aspiring to godhead, and therefore with
all his progeny devoted to death must die, unless some one can be found
sufficient to answer for his offence, and undergo his punishment. The
Son of God freely offers himself a ransom for man ; the Father accepts
him , ordains his incarnation, pronounces his exaltation above all i ames
in Heaven and Earth ; commands all the angels to adore him; they
obey, and hymning to their barps in full quire, celebrate the Father
and the Son . Meanwhile Satan alightsuponthe bare convex of this
world's outermost orb ; where wandering he first finds a place, since
called the Limbo of Vanity ; what persons and things fly up thither ;
thence comes to the gate of Heaven, described ascending by stairs, and
the waters above the firmament that flow about it : his passage thence
to the orb of the sun ; he Ands there Uriel, the regent of that orb, but
first changes himself into the shape of a meaner angel ; and pretending
a zealous desire to behold the new creation, and manwhom God hai
placed here, inquires of him the place of his habitation , and is directed ;
alights first on Mount Niphates.
Hail, holy Light ! offspring of Heaven firstborn ,
Or of the Eternal coëternal beam ,
May I express thee unblamed ? since God is light,
And never but in unapproached light
Dwelt from eternity, dwelt then in thee,
Bright effluence of bright essence increate
Or hear'st thou rather pure ethereal stream .
Whose fountain who shall tell ? before the sun,
Before the Heaven thou wert ; and at the voice
Of God, as with a mantle didst invest IO
The rising world of waters dark and deep ,*
Won from the void + and formless infinite
Thee I revisit now with bolder wing,
Escaped the Stygian pool, though long detained
In that obscure sojourn, while in my flight
* For the world wasonly in a state of fluidity, when the light was created ;
as Mosessays, " The Spirit of God moved upon the faceofthe waters ; and
Godsaid, Letthere be light, and there was light," Gen. i 2, 3 .
+ " Void " must not here be understood as emptiness, for Chaosis described
full of matter, but as destitute of any formed being.
52 PARADISE LOST B. III .
40
Tunes her nocturnal note . Thus with the year
Seasons return, but not to me jeturns
Day, or the sweet approach of even or morn,
Or sight of vernal bloom , or summer's rose,
Or flocks, or herds, or human face divine ;
But cloud instead, and ever -during dark
Surrounds me ; from the cheerful ways of men
Cut off, and for the book of knowledge fair
Presented with a universal blank
Of nature's works to me expunged and rased ,
And wisdom at one entrance quite shut out. 50
So much the rather thou , celestial Light,
Shine inward , and the mind through all her powers
Irradiate ; there plant eyes, all mist from thence
Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell
Of things invi-ible to mortal sight.
Now had the Almighty Father from above,
From the pure empyrean where he sits
High throned above all height, bent down his eye,
His own works and their works at once to view 60
About him all the sanctities of Heaven
* Apollonius represents Orpheus making the creation out of Chaos the
subject of his muse.
Kedron and Siloah .
Thamyris is an early bard mentioned by Homer. $ Homer.
| A Theban sooth :ayer. T Á king of Arcadia .
B. III . PARADISE LOST 53
Stood thick as stars, and from his sight received
Beatitude past utterance ; on his rigbt
The radiant image of his glory sat,
His only Son ; on earth he first beheld
Our two first parents, yet the only two
Of mankind, in the happygarden placed,
Reaping immortal fruits ofjoy and love,
Uninterrupted joy, unrivalled love,
In blissful solitude ; he then surveyed
Hell and the gulf between, and Satan there 70
Coasting the wall of Heaven on this side Night,
In the dun air sublime, and ready now
To stoop with wearied wings and willing feet
On the bare outside of this world , that seemed
Firm land embosomed, without firmament,
Uncertain which, in ocean or in air
Him God beholding fronı his prospect high,
Wherein past, present, future, he beholds,
Thus to his only Son foreseeing spake :
" Only begotten Son, seest thou what rage 80
Transports our adversary ? whom no bounds
Prescribed, no bars of Hell, nor all the chains
Heaped on him there, nor yet the main abyss
Wide interrupt, * can hold ; so bent he seems
On desperate revenge, that shall redound
Upon his own rebellious head . And now
Through all restraint broke loose he wings his way
Not far off Heaven, in the precincts of light,
Directly towards the new -created world ,
90
IIO
Made passive both , had served necessity,
Not me ? They therefore as to right belonged ,
So were created, nor can justly accuse
Their Maker, or their making, or their fate,
As if predestination over-ruled
Their will, disposed by absolute decree
Or high foreknowledge ; they themselves decreed
Their own revolt, not I ; if * Í foreknew ,
Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault,
Which had no less proved certain unforeknown.
I 20
So without least impulse or shadow of fate,
Or aught by me immutably, foreseen ,
They trespass, authors to themselves in all,
Both what they judge and what they choose ; for so
I formed them free, and free they must remain ,
Till they enthral themselves ;I else must change
Their nature, and revoke the high decree
Unchangeable, eternal, which ordained
Their freedom : they themselves ordained their fall
The first sort by their own suggestion fell,
Self-tempted, self-depraved : man falls deceived 130
By the other first ; man therefore shall find grace.
The other none : in mercy and justice both,
Through Heaven and earth , so shall my glory excel ;
But mercy, first and last, shall brightest shine.”
Thus while God spake ambrosial fragrance filled
All Heaven, and in the blessed spirits elect
Sense of new joy ineffable diffused :
Beyond compare the Son of God was seen
Most glorious ; in him all his Father shone
Substantially expressed ; † and in his face 140
Divine compassion visibly appeared ,
Love without end, and without measure grace,
Which uttering thus he to his father spake :
“ O Father, gracious was that word which closed
Thy sovereign sentence, that man should find grace ;
For which both Heaven and Earth shall high extol
Thy praises, with the innumerable sound I
Of hymns and sacred songs, wherewith thy throne
Encompassed shall resound thee ever blest.
For should man finally be lost, should man, 150
Thy creature late so loved, thy youngest son ,
Fail circumvented thus by fraud , though joined
With his own folly ? that be from thee far,
That far be from thee, Father, who art judge
Of all things made, and judgest only right.
Or shall the adversary thus obtain
His end, and frustrate thine ? shall be fulfil
* Though ; for he expresses no doubt on the subject.
+ Cf. Heb. i. 3. Compare v. 101 , " innumerable force of spirits."
B. III . PARADISE LOST 55
1
B. III. PARADISE LOST 59
|
B. III. PARADISE LOST 67
446 BOOK I V.
THE ARGUMENT.
Satan, now in prospect of Eden , and nigh the place where he must now
altempt the bold enterprise which he undertook alone against God and
man, falls into many doubts with himself, andmany passions, fear, envy ,
and despair ; but at length confirms himself in evil, journeys on to
Paradise, whose outward prospect and situation is described, overleaps
the bounds, sits in the shape of a cormorant on the tree of life, as highest
in the garden, to look about him . The garden described ; Sa:an's first
sight of Adam and Eve ; his wonder at their excellent form and happy
state, but with resolution to work their fall ; overhears their discourse,
thence gathers that the tree of knowledge was forbidden them to eat of,
under penalty of death ; and thereon intends to ſound his temptation , by
seducing them to transgress ; then leaves them a while, to know further
of their state by some other means. Meanwhile, Uriel, descending on a
sunbeam , warns Gabriel, who had in charge the gate of Paradise, that
some evil spirithad escaped the deep, and passed at noon by his sphere
in the shape of a good angel down to Paradise, discovered after by his
furious gestures in the mount. Gabriel promises to find him ere morning.
Night coming on , Adam and Eve discourse of going to their rest : their
bower described ; their evening worship . Gabriel drawing forth his
bands of night-watch to walk the round of Paradise, appoints two strong
angels to Adam's bower, lest the evil spirit should be there doing some
harm to Adam or Eve sleeping ; there they find him at the ear of Eve,
tempting her in a dream , and bring him , though unwilling, to Gabriel ; by
whom questioned, he scornfullyanswers,prepares resistance, but, hindered
by a sign from Heaven , flies out of Paradise .
Ou for that warning voice, which he who saw
The Apocalypse, heard cry in Heaven aloud,
Then when the dragon, put to second rout,
Came furious down to be revenged on men ,
“ Woe to the inhabitants on carth / " * that now,
While time was, our first parents had been warned
The coming of their secret foe, and 'scaped ,
Haply so 'scaped his mortal snare : for now
Satan , now first inflamed with rage, came down,
10
The tempter ere the accuser + of mankind,
To wreak on innocent frail man his loss
Of that first battle, and his flight to Hell :
Yet not rejoicing in his speed, though bold
Far off and fearless, nor with cause to boast,
Begins his dire attempt ; which , nigh the birth,
Now rolling boils in his tumultuous breast,
And like a devilish engine back recoils
Upon himself ; horror and doubt distract
His troubled thoughts, and from the bottom stir
The Hell within him ; for within him Hell 20
90
With diadem and sceptre bigh advanced ,
The lower still I fall, only supreme
In misery ; such joy ambition finds.
But say I could repent, and could obtain
By act of grace my former state ; how soon
Would height recall high thoughts, how soon unsay
What feigned submission swore ! ease would recant
Vows made in pain , as violent and void . 1
: . For never can true reconcilement grow
Where wounds of deadly hate have pierced so deep :
Which would but lead me to a worse relapse 100
so
And heavier fall : so should I purchase dear
Short intermission bought with double smart. ga gres
This knows my punisher; therefore as far
From granting he, as I from begging peace :
All hope excluded thus, behold instead
Goal .
Of us outcast, exiled , his new delight,
Mankind created, and for him this world.
So farewell hope, and with hope, farewell fear,
Farewell remorse: all good to me is lost ;
Evil, be thou my good ; by thee at least 110
Divided empire with Heaven's King I hold,
By thee, and more than half perhaps will reign ;
As man ere long and this new world shall know .'
Thus while he spake each passion dimmed his face,
Thrice changed with pale ire, envy and despair ;
Which marred his borrowed visage, and betrayed
Him counterfeit, if any eye beheld.
* By their fall.
1
Asmodeus was the evil spirit, enamoured ofSarah the daughter of Raguel,
whose seven husbands he destroyed . See the book of Tobit,chap. viii.
+ That would have passed. So in 642- “ So seemed , " 'i.e., would have
seemed , if any one had been there to see him.
: This province (in which the terrestrial Paradise was planted ) extended
from “ Auran ," or Haran, or Charran , or Charre, a city of Mesopotamia near
the River Euphrates.
{
B. IV. PARADISE LOST 73
Flowers side,
( Another ofallhue,andwithout thorncaves
umbrageous grots and the rose :
Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine
Lays forth her purple grape , and gently creeps
Luxuriant; meanwhile murmuring waters fall 260
Down the slope hills, dispersed, or in a lake,
That to the fringed bank with myrtle crowned
Her crystal mirror holds, unite their streams.
The birds their quire apply ; airs, vernal airs,
Breathing the smell offield and grove, attune
The trembling leaves, while universal Pan ,*
Knit with the Graces and the Hours in dance,
Led on the eternal Spring. Not that fair field
Of Enna, where Prosérpine gathering flowers,
Herself a fairer flower, by gloomy Dis + 270
Was gathered, which cost Ceres all that pain
To seek her through the world ; nor that sweet grove
Of Daphne by Orontes, and the inspired
Castalian spring, might with this Paradise
Of Eden strive ; nor that Nyseian isle
Girt with the river Triton , where old Cham,
Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Lybian Jove,
Hid Amalthea and her florid son,
Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye ;
Nor where Abassin kings their issue guard, 280
Mount Amara, though this by some supposed
True Paradise, under the Ethiop line,
By Nilus' head, enclosed with shining rock ,
A whole day's journey high, but wide remote
From this Assyrian garden, where the fiend
Saw undelighted all delight , all kind
Of living creatures , new to sight, and strange
Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall,
Godlike erect, with native honour clad,
In naked majesty, seemed lords of all, 290
And worthy seemed ; for in their looks divine 1
The image of their glorious Maker shone ;
Truth, wisdom , sanctitude serere and pure
( Severe, but in true filial freedom placed ),
Whence true authority in men ; though both
( For contemplation he and valour formed ;
Not equal, as their sex not equal seemed ;
For softness she, and sweet attractive grace ; !
He for God only, she for God in him :
His fair large front, and eye sublime, declared 300 1
Absolute rule ; and hyacinthine locks
Round from his parted forelock manly hung
* While universal nature, linked with the graceful seasons, danced a per :
petual round, and throughout the earth , yet unpolluted, led eternal spring.
+ Pluto.
B. IV. PARADISE LOST 75
Wis
UNIE
OF
B. IV . PARADISE LOST 79
60
Satan, I know thy strength , and thou know'st mine,
Neither our own, but given ; whatfolly, then,
To boast what arms can do, since thine no more
Than Heaven permits, nor mine, though doubled now
To trample thee as mire ! For proof look up, IOIO
And read thy lot in yon celestial sign,
Where thou art weighed, and shown how light, how weak ,
If thou resist. " The fiend looked up , and knew
His mounted scale aloft : nor more ; but fied
Murmuring, and with him fled the shades of night.
against the other, and the descent of one of the scales foreshowed the death
of him whose fate lay in that scale, quo vergat ponderelethum : whereas, in
Milton , nothing is weighed but what relatesto Saran only, and in the two
scales are weighed theiwo different events of his retreating and his fighting.
-Pearce.
* He does not make the ascending scale the sign of victory, as in
Homer and Virgil , but of lightness and weakness, according to that of
Belshazzar, Dan . v . 27, “ Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found
wanting . "
BOOK V.
THE ARGUMENT .
Morning approached, Eve relates to Adam her troublesome dream ; he likes
it not , yet comforts her : they come forth to their day labours : their
morning hymn at the door of their bower. God, to renuer man inexcus.
able, sends'Raphaelto admonish him of his obedience, of his free estate, of
his enemy near at hand,who he is, and whyhisenemy, and whatever else
may avail Adam to know. Raphael comes down to Paradise ; his appear.
ance described ; his coming discerned by Adam afar off, sitting at the door
of his bower ;hegoes out tomeethim, brings him to his lodge, entertains
him with the choicest fruits of Paradise got together by Eve ; their cis.
course at table : Raphael performs his message, minds Adam of his
state and of his enemy ; relates, at Adam's request, who that enemy
is, and how he came to be so, beginning from his first revolt in Heaven,
and the occasion thereof; how he drew his legions after him to the parts
of the north , and there incited them to rebel with him , persuading all
but only Abdiel, a seraph , who in argunient dissuades and opposes him ,
then forsakes him .
3
My guide was gone, and I, methought, sunk down,
And fell asleep ; but ob, how glad I waked
To find this but a dream ! ” Thus Eve her night
Related, and thus Adam answered sad :
" Best image of myself, and dearer half,
The trouble of thy thoughts this night in sleep
Affects me equally ; nor can I like
This uncouth dream , of evil sprung, I fear ;
Yet evil whence ? in thee can harbour none,
Created pure. But know, that in the soul 100
Are many lesser faculties, that serve
Reason as chief ; among these, fancy next
Her office holds ; of all external things,
Which the five watchful senses represent,
She forms imaginations, airy shapes,
Which reason , joining or disjoining, frames
All what we affirm or what deny, and call
Our knowledge or opinion ; then retires
Into her private cell when nature rests.
Oft in her absence mimic fancy wakes 11ο
To imitate her ; but, misjoining shapes,
Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams,
Ill matching words and deeds long past or late.
Some such resemblances methinks I find
Of our last evening's talk, in this thy dream,
But with addition strange ; yet be not sad :
Evil into the mind of God or man
May come and go, so unapproved, and leave
Nospot or blame behind : which gives me hope
120
That what in sleep thou didst abhor to dream ,
Waking thou never wilt consent to do.
Be not disheartened, then , nor cloud those looks,
That wont to be more cheerful and serene,
Than when fair morning first smiles on the world,
And let us to our fresh employments rise
94 PARADISE LOST B V.
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OF
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1
B. V. PARADISE LOST 101
T
B. v . PARADISE LOST 103
• A kind of streamer .
That there were differentgrades of angels in Heaven seems sufficiently
evident from Scripture
104 PARADISE LOST B. V.
1
B V. PARADISE LOST III
BOOK VL
THE ARGUMENT .
Raphael continues to relate how Michael and Gabriel were sent forth to
battle against Satan and his angels. The first fight described. Satan
and his powers retire under pight: he calls a council, invents devilish
engines, which, in the second day's fight, put Michael and his angels
to some disorder ; but they at length, pulling up mountains, over
whelmed both the force and machines of Satan : yet the tumult
not so ending, God on the third day sends Messiah his Son , for whom
he had reserved the glory of that victory : he, in the power of his
Father, coming to the place, and causing all his legions to stand still
on either side,with his chariot and thunder driving into the midst of his
enemies, pursues them, unable to resist, towards the wall of Heaven ;
which opening, they leap down with horror and confusion into the place
of punishment prepared for them in the deep : Messiah returns with
triumph to his Father.
" ALL night the dreadless angel, unpursued,
Through Heaven's wide champain held his way ; till morn ,
Waked by the circling hours, with rosy hand
Unbarred the gates of light. There is a cave
Within the mount of God , fast by his throne,
Where light and darkness in perpetual round
Lodge and dislodge by turns, which makes through Heaven
Grateful vicissitudes like day and night ;
Light issues forth , and at the other door
Obsequious darkness enters, till her hour IO
}
II2 PARADISE LOST B. vi .
120
His puissance, trusting in the Almighty's aid ,
I mean to try, whose reason I have tried
Unsound and false ; nor is it aught but just
That he who in debate of truth hath won,
Should win in arms, in both disputes alike
Victor ; though brutish that contest and foul,
When reason hath to deal with force, yet so
Most reason is that reason overcome.
" So pondering, and from his armèd peers
Forth stepping opposite, half-way he met
His daring foe, at this prevention more
Incensed,
66
and thus securely him defied : 130
“ . Proudl art thou met ? thy hope was to have reached
The height of thy aspiringunopposed,
The throne of God unguarded, and his side
Abandoned at the terror of thy power
Or potent tongue : fool ! not to think how vain
Against the Omnipotent to rise in arms ;
Who out of smallest things could without end
Have raised incessant armies to defeat
Thy folly ; or, with solitary hand,
Reaching beyond all limit, at one blow 140
Unaided could have finished thee, and whelmed
Thy legions under darkness : but thou seest
All are not of thy train ; there be who faith
Prefer, and piety to God, though then
To thee not visible, when I alone
Seemed in thy world erroneous to dissent
From all : my sect thou seest ; now learn too late
How few sometimes may know , when thousands err.'
“ Whom the grand foe, with scornful eye askance,
Thus answered : Ill for thee, but in wished hour 150
Of my revenge, first sought for, thou return'st
From flight, seditious angell to receive
Thy merited reward , the first assay
Of this right hand provoked, since first that tongue,
Inspired with contradiction, durst oppose
A third part of the gods, in synod met
Their deities to assert ; who, wbile they feel
Vigour divine within them , can allow
Omnipotence to none. But well thou com'st
Before thy fellows, ambitious to win 160
From me some plume, that thy success may show
Destruction to the rest : this pause between
( Unanswered lest thou boast ) to let thee know,
At first I thought that liberty and Heaven
To heavenly souls had been all one ; but now
I see that most through sloth had rather serve.
B. VI . PARADISE LOST 115
BOOK VII.
THE ARGUMENT .
Raphael , at the request of Adam , relates how and wherefore this world
was first created ; that God , after the expelling of Satan and his angels
out of Heaven, declared his pleasure to create another world , and other
creatures to dwell therein ; sends his Son with glory and attendance of
angels to perform the work of creation in six days ; ihe angels celebrate
with hymns the performance thereof, and his reascension into Heaven .
DESCEND from Heaven, Urania, by that name
If rightly thou art called , whose voice divine
Following, above the Olympian hill I soar,
Above the flight of Pegaséan wing.
The meaning, not the name , I call ; for thou 1
Nor of the Muses nine, nor on the top
Of old Olympus dwell'st ; but , heavenly born,
Before the hills * appeared , or fountain flowed,
Thou with eternal Wisdom didst converse,
Wisdom thy sister, and with her didst play 10
In presence of the almighty Father, pleased
With thy celestial song . Up led by thee
Into the Heaven of Heavens I have presumed ,
An earthly guest, and drawn empyreal air,
Thy tempering : with like safety guided down,
Return me to my native element ;
Lest from this flying steed unreined (as once
Bellerophon, though from a lower clime )
Dismounted, on the Aleian field I fall, +
Erroneous there to wander, and forlorn . 20
Half yet remains unsung, but narrower bound
Within the visible diurnal sphere ;
Standing on earth , not rapt above the pole,
More safe I sing with mortal voice, unchanged
To hoarse or mute, though fallen on evil days,
On evil days though fallen , and evil tongues ;
In darkness, and with dangers compassed round ,
And solitude ; yet not alone, while thou
Visit'st my slumbers nightly, or when morn
Purples the east : still govern thou my song , 30
* Prov. viii. 24–30.
Bellerophon was a beautiful and valiant youth , son of Glaucus, who,
refusing the amorous applications of Antea , wife of Prætus, King of Argos,
was by her false suggestions, like those of Joseph's mistress to her husband,
sent into Lycia with letters desiring his destruction, where he was put on
several enterprises full of hazard, in which, however, he came off conquerer ;
but , attempting vain -gloriously to mount up to Heaven on the winged horse
Pegasus, he fell and wandered in the Aleian pluins till he died.
132 PARADISE LOST B. VII .
r
Wis
UNIG
OF
B. VII. PARADISE LOST 139
BOOK VIII.
THE ARGUMENT .
1
UNIL
OF
1PICH
B. VIII. PARADISE LOST 155
BOOK IX.
THE ARGUMENT.
Satan, having compassed the earth , with meditated guile returns as a mist
by night into Paradise ; enters into the serpent sleeping. Adam and
Eve in the morning go forth to their labours, which Eve proposes to
divide inseveral places, eachlabouring apart : Adam consentsnot,
alleging the danger lest that enemy, of whom they were forewarned,
should attempt her found alone : Eve, loath to be thought not circum
spect or firm enough, urges her going apart, the rather desirous to
make trial of her strength ; Adam at last yields. The serpent finds
her alone ; his subtle approach , first gazing, then speaking, with much
flattery extolling Eve above all other creatures. Eve, wondering to
hear the serpentspeak : asks how he attained to human speech and such
:
said "that,
Of atrevived Adonis
Venus's ;" for
request, afterrestored
he was hewas tokilled
life. byAnd
thewewild boar, it is
read that his
anniversary festivalwas opened with sorrow and mourning forhis death,and
concluded with singing and rejoicing for his revival.
That is, not fabulous or allegorical, but real.
$ Solomon . Cf. Canticles, passim .
170 PARADISE LOST B. IX .
9
Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse.
Much he the place admired, the person more :
As one who long in populous city pent,
Where houses thick and sewers annoy the air,
Forth issuing on a summer's morn to breathe
Among the pleasant villages and farms
Adjoined, from each thing met conceives delight:
The smell of grain , or tedded * grass, or kine, 450
Or dairy, each rural sight, each rural sound ;
If chance with nymph -like step fair virgin pass,
What pleasing seemed, for her now pleases more,
She most, and in her look soms all delight :
Such pleasure took the serpent to behold
This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve,
Thus early , thus alone ; her heavenly form
Angelic, but more soft and feminine ;
Her graceful innocence, her every air
Of gesture, or least action, overawed 4бо
His malice, and with rapine sweet bereaved
His fierceness of the fierce intent it brought.
That space the evil one abstracted stood
From his own evil , and for the time remained
Stupidly good , of enmity disarmed ,
Of guile , of hate, of envy, of revenge ;
But the hot Hell that always in him burns,
Though in mid Heaven , soon ended his delight,
And tortures him now more , the more he sees
Of pleasure not for him ordained : then soon 470
Fierce hate he recollects, and all his thoughts
Of mischief , gratulating, thus excites :
Thoughts, whither have ye led me ! with what sweet
Compulsion thus transported to forget
What hither brought us ! hate, not love ; nor hope
Of Paradise for Hell, hope here to taste
Of pleasure ; but all pleasure to destroy,
Save what is in destroying ; other joy
To me is lost. Then let me not let pass
Occasion which now smiles ; behold alone 480
The woman, opportune to all attempts ;
Her husband, for I view far round, not nigh ,
Whose higher intellectual more I shun,
And strength, of courage baughty, and of limb
Heroic built, though of terrestrial mould ;
Foe not informidable ; exempt from wound,
I not ; so much hath Hell debased, and pain
Enfeebled me, to what I was in Heaven.
She fair, divinely fair, fit love for gods ;
Not terrible, though terror be in love 490
And beauty, not approached by stronger hate ,
* Mowed and spread out to dry.
B. IX . PARADISE LOST 171
BOOK X.
THE ARGUMENT.
Man's transgression known, the guardian angels forsake Paradise, and
return up to Heaven to approve their vigilance, and are approved ;
God declaring that the entrance of Satan could not by them be pre
vented . He sends his Son to judge the transgressors, who descends,
and gives sentence accordingly, then in pity clothes them both , and
reascends. Sin and Death, sitting till then at the gates of Hell, by
wondrous sympathy feeling the success of Satan in this new world,
andthe sin by manthere committed, resolve to sit no longer confined in
Hell, but to follow Satan , their sire, unto the place of man . To make the
way easier from Hell to this world, to and fro , they pave a broad highway
or bridge over Chaos, according to the track that Satan first made ;
then preparing for earth, they meet him, proud of his success, returning
to Hell; their mutual gratulation. Satan arrives at Pandemonium ; in
full assembly relates with boasting his success against man ; instead of
applause is treated with a general hiss by all his audience, transformed
with himselfalso suddenly into serpents, according to his doom given in
Paradise ; then deludedwith a show of the forbidden tree springing up
before them , they, greedily reaching to take of the fruits, chew dust and
bitter ashes. The proceedings of Sin and Death ; God foretells the
finalvictory of his Son over them , and the renewing of all things; but
for the present commands his angels to make several alterations in the
heavens and elements. Adam more and more perceiving his fallen
condition, heavily bewails, rejects the condolement of Eve ; she persists,
and at length appeases him ; then , to evade the curse likely to fall on
their offspring, proposes to Adam violent ways, which he approves not,
but , conceiving betier hope. puts her in mind of the late promise made
them , that her seed should be revenged on the serpent, and exhorts
her with him to seek peace of the offended Deity, by repentance and
supplication.
MEANWHILE the heinous and despiteful act
Of Satan done in Paradise, and how
He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve,
Her husband she, to taste the fatal fruit,
Was known in Heaven ; for what can ’ scape the ese
Of God all -sceing, or deceive his heart
Omniscient ? who, in all things wise and just,
Hindered not Satan to attempt the mind
Of man , with strength entire, and free -will armel,
IO
Complete to have discovered and repulsed
Whatever wiles of foe or seeming friend.
For still they knew, and ought to have still remembered,
The high injunction not to taste that fruit,
Whoever tempted ; which they not obeying,
Incurred (what could they less ? ) the penalty,
And, manifold in sin , deserved to fall.
Up into Heaven from Paradise in haste
The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad,
PARADISE LOST
187 sale
B. X.
r of his state by this they knew ,
For man , foer 20
Much wond ing how the subtle fiend had stolen
Entrance unseen . Soon as the unwelcome news
From earth arrived at Heaven - gate, displeased
All were who heard ; dim sadness did not spare
That time celestial visages, yet , mixed
With pity, violated not their bliss .
About the new -arrived , in multitudes,
The ethereal people ran , to he ar and know
How all befell : they towards the throne supreme
Accountable ma de haste to make appear 30
With righteous plea their utmost vigilance,
And easily approved ; when the Most High,
Eternal Father, frrom his se
d
cret cloud , 62
st
Amid in thunde uttere thus his voice : ed
turn
re
Asse mbled anulgels,ar d wers
Fr“om unsuccessf ch ange, ye
be po
not dismayed
Nor troubled at these tidings from the eartb,
Which your sincerest care could not prevent ,
told so lately what would come to pass ,
Foreen
Wh first this tempter crossed the gulf from Hell . skull ,
40
I told ye then *步 he should prevail and speed
On his bad errand , man should be seduced
And flattered out of all, believing lies
Against his Maker ; no decree of mine
Concurring to necessitate his fall,
asio's
home
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B. X. PARADISE LOST 205
Whom thus afflicted, when sad Eve beheld,
Desolate where she sat, approaching nigh ,
Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed ;
But her with stern regard he thus repelled :
“Out of my sight, thou serpent ! that name best
Befits thee with him leagued, thyself as false
And hateful; nothing wants but that thy shape,
Like his, and colour serpentine, may show 870
Thy inward fraud , to warn all creatures from thee
Henceforth ; lest that too heavenly form pretended
To hellish falsehood share them . But for thee
I had persisted happy, had not thy pride
And wandering vanity, when least was safe,
Rejected my forewarning, and disdained
Not to be trusted , longing to be seen ,
Though by the devil himself, him overweening
To over -reach , but with the serpent me
Fooled and beguiled ; by him thou, I by thee : 880
To trust thee from my side, imagined wise,
Constant, mature , proof against all assaults ;
And understood * not all was but a show ,
Rather than solid virtue ; all but a rib,
Crooked by nature ; bent, as now appears,
More to the part sinister, from me drawn ;
Well if thrown out, as supernumerary
To my just number found. Oh ! why did God,
Creator wise, that peopled highest Heaven
With spirits masculine, create at last 890
This novelty on earth , this fair defect
Of nature, and not fill the world at once
With men, as angels, without feminine,
Or find some other way to generate
Mankind ? This mischief bad not then befallen,
And more that shall befall, innumerable
Disturbances on earth through female snares,
And strait conjunction with this sex : for either
He never sball find out fit mate, but such
As some misfortune brings him , or mistake ; 900
Or whom he wishes most shall seldom gain
Through her perverseness, but shall see her gained
By a far worse, or if she love, withheld
By parents ; or his happiest choice too late
Shall meet, already linked and wedlock -bourd
To a fell adversary, his hate or shame ;
Which infinite calamity shall cause
To human life, and household peace confound. "
He added not, and from her turned ; but Eve,
Not so repulsed, with tears that ceased not flowing, 910
And tresses all disordered, at his feet
* That is, I understood.
206 PARADISE LOST B. X.
BOOK XI .
THE ARGUMENT.
The Son of God presents to hisFather the prayers of our first parents, now
repenting, and intercedes for them : God accepts them , but declares
that they must no longer abide in Paradise ; sends Michael with a
band of cherubim to dispossess them ; but first to reveal to Adam
future things : Michael's coming down. Adam shows to Eve certain
ominous signs; he discerns Michael's approach ; goes out to meet him :
the angel denounces their departure. Eve's lamentation. Adam pleads,
but submits : the angel leads him up to a high hill ; sets before him in
vision what shall happen till the flood .
90
He sorrows now , repents, and prays contrite,
My motions in him ; longer than they move,
His heart I know how variable and vain ,
Self-left. Lest therefore his now bolder hand
Reach also of the tree of life, and eat,
And live for ever, dream at least to live
For ever, to remove him I decree,
And send him from the garden forth to till
The ground whence he was taken, fitter soil.
“ Michael, this my behest have thou in charge ;
Take to thee from among the cherubim 100
Thy choice of flaming warriors, lest the fiend,
Or in behalf of man, or to invade
Vacant possession, some new trouble raise :
Haste thee, and from the Paradise of God
Without remorse drive out the sinful pair,
From hallowed ground the unholy, and denounce
To them and to their progeny from thence
Perpetual banishment. Yet lest they faint
At the sad sentence rigorously urged
(For I behold them softened, and with tears IIO
Bewailing their excess), all terror bide.
If patiently thy bidding they obey,
Dismiss them not disconsolate ; reveal
To Adam what shall come in future days,
As I shall thee enlighten : intermix
My covenant in the woman's seed renewed ;
So send them forth, though sorrowing, yet in peace ;
And on the east side of the garden place,
Where entrance up from Eden easiest climbs,
Cherubic watch , and of a sword the flame I 20
Wide- waving, all approach far off to fright,
And guard all passage to the tree of life;
Lest Paradise a receptacle prove
To spirits foul, and all my trees their prey,
With whose stolen fruit man once more to delude . "
He ceased ; and the arcbangelic power prepared
For swift descent ; with him the cohort bright
Of watchful cherubim : four faces each
Had, like a double Janus ; all their shape
Spangled with eyes, more numerous than those 130
* Forbidden . The word is similarly used by Chaucer.
B. XI. PARADISE LOST 213
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B. XI. PARADISE LOST 221
BOOK XII.
THE ARGUMENT.
The angel Michael continues from the flood 10 relate what shall succeed ;
then, in the mention of Abraham , comes by degrees to explain who
that seed of the woman shall be, which was promised Adam and Eve in
the fall ; his incarnation, death , resurrection , and ascension ; the state
of the Church till his second coming. Adam , greatly satisfied and
recomforted by these relations and promises, descends the hill with
Michael ; wakens Eve, who all this while had slept, but with gentle
dreams composed to quietness of mind and submission. Michael in
either handleads them out of Paradise, the fiery sword waving behind
them , and the cherubim taking their stations to guard the place.
As one who in his journey bates at noon,
Though bent on speed, so here the archangel paused
Betwixt the world destroyed and world restored,
If Adam aught perhaps might interpose ;
Then with transition sweet new speech resumes :
“ Thus thou hast seen one world begin and end ;
And man as from a second stock proceed.
Much thou hast yet to see, but I perceive
Thy mortal sight to fail ; objects divine
Must needs impair and weary human sense : 10
Henceforth what is to come I will relate,
Thou, therefore, give due audience, and attend.
This second source of men, while yet but few,
And while the dread of judgment past remains
Fresh in their minds, fearing the Deity,
With someregard to what is just and right
Shall lead their lives, and multiply apace,
Labouring the soil, and reapingplenteous crop,
Corn , wine, and oil ; and from the herd or flock ,
20
Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid,
With large wine-offerings poured, and sacred feast,
Shall spend their days in joy unblamed, and dwell
Long time in peace by families and tribes
Under paternal rule : till one sball rise
Of proud ambitious heart, who, not content
With fair equality, fraternal state ,
Will arrogate dominion undeserved
Over his brethren, and quite dispossess
Concord and law of nature from the earth ,
Hunting (and men, not beasts, shall be his game) 30
With war and hostile snare such as refuse
Subjection to his empire tyrannous :
A mighty hunter thence he shall be styled
230 PARADISE LOST B. XII .
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