Welcome

to the presentation
on
"Waste Water Recycling & Re-Use
Projects: Policies & Drivers"
Need of the
Hour…….. Implementation of innovative
& economical integrated
technologies and
waste management solutions

……Proactive, neutral and action-oriented

governance for water and wastewater
related issues
Changing the way we
think……….
 Glaciers
2%

Land So, what is

Fresh Water 25%
1% INDIA
share?
Sea Water
72%

Why is Water Management important to

Global population doubled since 1940
India?
but fresh water usage has risen four
folds. Total water – 1360 Mill KM3 India
Annual Precipitation 2.4% land mass; Water - 3% OF WORLD.
Total: 500,000 KM3 Net Available: 477M3 /Person/Year
On Land: 110,000 KM3
Of this
Losses IRRIGATION & INDUSTRY - 90%
Evaporation:74,000 KM3 PEOPLE - 10%, i.e. 135 LITRES / PERSON /
Run off to sea:24,000 KM3 DAY
Net available:16,000 KM3
 Demand Supply Shortage by 2050

Domestic and industrial sectors are projected to

Between 1997 to 2050, India will move toward water
constitute a growing share of the total water
scarcity due to growing demand and a drop in the
consumption between 2000 and 2050
supply of clean water
• The industrial sector demand is expected
• Total water demand is projected to increase by 89%
nearly quadruple due to rapid industrialization
due to rapid increase in population
and economic growth
• Per capita water availability is projected to decrease
by ~44% during the same period Source: Sustainable Technology Options for Reuse of Wastewater’, Central
Pollution Control Board; ‘Wastewater Management and Reuse for
Regional disparities in reserves and replenishment are Agriculture and Aquaculture in India’, CSE Conference on Health and
expected to intensify water scarcity Environment 2006; 'Wastewater Reuse and Recycling Systems: A
Perspective into India and Australia', International Water Management
Institute
 Drivers of Water Usage in Future
Water Availability in India
Population
Ground Water surface water

Urbanization

36% Per Capita Income

64% Industrialization
5.8 Trn. Lts of
treated Agriculture
sewage water
 As per world bank report
 60% ground water is used for irrigation and Agriculture and 80% in Rural and
Urban Areas.
 Today 29% ground water blocks are in Semi critical/critical condition and by
2025 60% will be in critical condition .
 Further reduction due to climate change.
 Waste Water Issues
 Over-exploitation of Groundwater hampering Sustainability

 A widening gap between irrigation potential created

and utilized
 Grossly inadequate maintenance of existing
irrigation infrastructure
 Wastage of available resources
 Under-utilization of available resources

 Natural water bodies and drainage channels

 Encroachment
 Diverted for other purposes
 Blockage of Groundwater recharge zones

 Growing pollution of water sources, especially through

industrial effluents is
 Affecting the availability of safe water
 Causing environmental and health hazards
 Heavy pollution of rivers, devoid of flows detrimental to aquatic ecology, cultural needs and
aesthetics.
 Current status and challenges of waste water

Operation &
Coverage Treatment Maintenance

• Poor maintenance of
• Effluent from sewage existing collection
treatment plants to system, pumping
natural drains are not as station and Sewage
per the standards that Treatment Plants
have been set up by
• Coverage is very less. Only (STPs)
Pollution Control Board
few towns are covered
(PCB) • The urban local bodies
with sewerage network
do not have the
• At present, the total
• Towns having sewerage technical expertise for
capacity of sewage Operations and
network do not cover the
treatment plants is less maintenance of the
entire town
than the sewage system
generated and to be
treated. • Lack of monitoring
and checks related to
• Inadequate Recycling plant performance
Facilities and deliverables
 NEED OF THE HOUR…..
 Appropriate management of water resources and
waste water

 Create awareness and consciousness about the overall

scarcity and economic value of water and the need to
avoid its wastage and inefficient use.

 Good water management with the aid of scientific

planning, utilization of modern technologies and
round-the-clock monitoring through information
technology

 Adequate addressing of Issues related to water governance with settlement of Inter-

regional, inter-State, intra-State, inter-sectoral disputes in sharing of water to enable optimal
utilization of water and Ensuring a holistic and inter-disciplinary approach to water related
problems by Central and State Governments and Local Authorities

 Municipal Authorities need to realize the problem of pollution of water bodies and pay attention to
their liability to set up sewage treatment plants in cities and towns to prevent this pollution. This
activity requires to be recognized as one of the most important indicators of overall development
of the Country
 Urgent need to increase sewage treatment capacity and
its optimum utilization and upgrading and expansion of
existing capacity

 Prevent pollution of water bodies by proper Sewage

treatment and Recycling and Reutilization of treated
sewage ; Sharing of revenue Generated by selling
treated water with local municipal bodies

 Stringent mandatory policies for the operation and

maintenance of existing plants and sewage pumping
stations conforming to the general standards
prescribed under the Environmental (Protection) Rules
for discharge into streams.

 Augmentation of treatment plants with tertiary treatment units to enable utilization diversion of
treated sewage for irrigation of crops not eaten raw. Improvement in bacterial quality of remaining
sewage to be used for irrigation of sports fields and public parks or that has to be discharges into water
bodies due to unavoidable circumstances

 Replenishment of Groundwater by recharging groundwater with treated wastewater

 Need of treatment with Energy recovery
Electricity Prices have gone up by almost 25 % in last 9 years

Electricity Price Index

140
125.98

120 113.91
112.2
104.49 106.18 106.4 106.75
100 101.97
100

80

Index
60

40

20

0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Monthly Wholesale Price Index Base Year 2004-05 = 100

Source : website Office of economic advisor Ministry of India
 Implementation of CPHEEO Guidelines for Sewerage and
Sewage Treatment
 DPR must be prepared as per the Guidelines given in the Manual on Sewerage and Sewage
Treatment published by CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development incorporating the under
mentioned details for technical appraisal and clearance:-

 Alternate sewage treatment options and choice of suitable option,

 Unit operations of the sewage treatment option chosen giving due weightage to
economize the capital as well as O&M costs with possible bye-product recovery.
 Recycle and reuse of treated effluent for various beneficial nonpotable uses,
 Proposal, if any, for use of manure, sewage gas etc. to generate revenue
 The proposed plant shall be designed according to land availability, power
consumption and effluent criterion.
 The Treatment Technology related to water and sewage treatment should be kept
open at tendering stage. This will ensure selection of most suited technology at
tendering stage itself after proper evaluation in respect of power
consumption, O&M, reuse, land requirement including capital cost. However, for the
purpose of estimation in DPR, the estimated cost for a feasible treatment options may
be taken.
 The above Treatment Technology should be considered inclusive of “Operation and
Maintenance” by the technology provider which may range between 5 to 10 years or
more. This will create a guarantee by the project developer to perform in the long run
and maintain the stipulated effluent quality parameters before disposal.
 Recycling ? Why ?
Recycling wastewater - A viable alternative to fresh water supply
 Water Scarcity due to Depletion in natural water
sources as a result of large amount of evaporation
during summer and large drawdown from
groundwater reservoirs

 Exponential growth of freshwater demand and

wastewater production due to
 Population growth
 Urbanization
 Changing lifestyle
 Economic growth and Industrialization

 Disposal of untreated waste water into limited

freshwater resources as water cannot be used
directly

 Wastewater stagnation contaminating

groundwater

 Recycling wastewater to the minimum level

required for its subsequent use is cost efficient as
compared to using frestwater for non-potable
uses
 Treated water usage and applications
Recycled water Usage Water reservoir

Treatment
using latest Agriculture
Technologies

Treated water Quality

Industries
Existing Alternative solutions and its cost compare
High quality water for specific industrial purposes
TDS removal
Generally accepted quality level for most industries as supplied by industrial authorities
Turbidity: <5, BOD:5, COD:20, TSS:1, N:<5, P:<1, Colioform 22/100ml

N Micro filtration
o Tertiary Treatment: AVF
t Turbidity : 0.1 Capx :Rs.10 Mil/mld MBR
u Turbidity: 5 to 1 Cap-Ex : BOD <5 Opx : Rs.10/ m3 Turbidity: 0.2
s BOD:5 Rs 2.5 Mil/ mld COD<10 Issues: Energy BOD <5
a COD:20 TSS<1 costs + membrane COD <20
b TSS:1 Op&Mnt: N:5, P:<1 replacement TSS <1
l N:5 to 6, P: <1 Rs1.5/ m3 N<5, P <1
e Cap-Ex Rs.12 Mil/MLD
O&M: Rs.9/m3

Secondary: ASP Secondary : SBR Issues: Energy cost +

membrane replacements
Turbidity: 25 Turbidity: 10
BOD <30 Cap-Ex: Rs. 50 BOD <10 Cap-Ex: Rs. 80
COD <250 lacs/mld COD <50 lacs/mld NUTRIENT REMOVAL
TSS <30-50 O&M: Rs. 4.5/m3 TSS <30 0&M: Rs. 3.5/m3
N: 45, P: 5 N: 45, P: 5 N:45, P:1

PRIMARY TREATMENT
TURBIDITY <1000, BOD: 110-400, COD: 250-1000 , TSS: 100-350,N:20-85, P: 4-5

SEWAGE
 Policy Recommendations
 Enforcement of Policies:
 Stringent enforcement to ensure compliance with norms by Municipalities
 Penalizing and Widely publicizing municipalities for noncompliance.
 Incentive mechanism linked to central fund allocation could be implemented.

 Mandate Sewage treated water (STW) Reuse:

 Industries requiring bulk water and located close to urban areas should be mandated to use STW
and not given freshwater linkage.
 Industries located further away from urban areas, should be mandated to reuse their own
sewage water to meet part of their own overall water requirement.
 Water authorities should facilitate reuse of STW by supplying raw sewage or STW at cost of
supply.
 Energy-neutral technologies mandated for sewage treatment plants

 Tariff adjustment:
 STW should always be priced lower than freshwater supply to encourage its use.

 Town planning:
 STW reuse should be an integral component while planning new cities, townships, industrial
areas and special economic zones.
 Land for STPs and separate pipelines for freshwater, sewage and STW should be developed.
 Building codes should mandate dual pipelines to carry STW and freshwater.
 Proposed PPP Model
Government
Industrial
Association/
users Local Department/ Municipal
Buyers for corporations
water Water Purchase Agreement; MoU with department for free
Consents & Permits issue of Sewage

Equity agreements
Lenders/
Contribution Parent
Investors Company from other group Company
Credit agreements; shareholder Construction companies
O&M
agreements agreements Agreements for 20 yrs.

EPC Contractor Operator

Equipment supply
agreements

MM Designer

Manufacturer
 Need of Decentralize system as against Centralized system

Problems faced for setting up centralized system Advantages of a Decentralized system:

•Low capital and operating cost compare to

•Laying of conveyance pipeline in densely
centralized /conventional system.
populated areas.
•Less space requirement.
•High capital cost
•Less construction period
•Need of Heavy Pumping Machinery.
•Very Low conveyance and distribution cost.
•Ease of operation and uniform plant
•High energy cost for conventional systems.
performance and complete treatment.
•Recycle and reuse of treated water with
•High cost in terms of operation by skilled
useful minerals required for agriculture and
manpower.
irrigation purpose.
•High Maintenance cost.
•Energy neutral
 Concept for community clusters ,ULBs and villages

Waste water
ECF Reactor Sand
Clarifier Filter Treated water
Sedimentation
Tank

Sludge

Biogas

Biogas
BiogasHydrolysis Anaerobic
Biogas
reactor Fermenter
Holder
Organic
Fertilizer

Energy
Overflow
 Paving way
Paving way to
to work
work on
on similar
similar concept
concept

Tertiary Treatment Plant at 240 MLD STP AUDA to generate reusable quality of water
which can be used for Development of Dholera region .

Dholera SIR
22
22 Km
Km Pipeline
Pipeline Route
Route from
from Atladra
Atladra to
to Nandesari
Nandesari parallel
parallel to
to Effluent
Effluent Channel
Channel
Cost of utilizing recycled sewage analysis by industries
MFL RCF
Sewage Fresh Sewage Fresh
water water water water
At plant 10.2 60 0.6 40
gate
At TTP 28 NR NA NR
plant
At RO 70 NR 45 NR
plant
At DM 100 130 100 100
plant
Weighted 47 28 59 16
avg cost
Values are in Rs./m3
For further Details please contact us :

OXIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PVT LTD.

B-4 SHREENIDHI GALLERY, OPP BEENA NAGAR,

VASNA ROAD, VADODARA
CONTACT AT 0265 2251118,
EMAIL : suketu@ox-ive.com