PAINTING
PAINTING
PAINTING
IMPORTANT Q/A
National Flag of Indian and it’s symbolic significance
to –
Modern Sculpture
Suggestion :-
Given question:-
Q4. Raja Ravi Verma mastered the style of academic realism and
used it to depict scenes from popular epics like the Ramayana
and Mahabharata. The paintings on epics became so popular that
many of them were copied as oleographs and were sold in
market and entered people’s homes as calendar images. Based
on its compositional arrangement why do you like or dislike the
painting?
Or
Ans. (Choice 1)
*then answer*
Or
(Choice 2)
*then answer*
Q1. How did the Indian painters and sculptors contribute to the
National Freedom Movement ? Describe in detail with appropriate
examples.
Ans. On the rising of nationalist movement which was looking for art as
a vehicle for spreading the idea of Swaraj. Abanindranath Tagore
amboded with the high political feeling of that time in the form of
Bharat Mata. A woman was painted like a Hindu deity however instead
of the divine attributes she carries in her four hands the emblem of the
common men’s dream. A piece of cloth, a manuscript, a branch of
paddy rice and a rudraksha garland holding in her hands. She has a
hello behind her head and a Lotus bloom at her feet.
In 1938 Mahatma Gandhi invited Nandalal Bose to decorate the
Congress pavilion at Haripura session. Nandalal Bose design the
Congress village decorate the huts of volunteers with colourful posters.
These are depicting the life of common Bengali villagers. Earlier
Mahatma Gandhi had requested Nandalal to set up an art exhibition at
the Lucknow session in 1936. Also decorated the township Faizpur
Congress session in 1937. These brought him close contact with
Indian nationalist movement.
The greatest contribution of the artist was spreading the idea of
educated people in their rich cultural heritage; awaken them away from
the thoughtless British art and western cultural influencers. Thus the
founder of Bengal School succeeded in bring the painters, sculptors,
poets and musician in the mainstream of nationalist movement.
For example :- Artist like Abanindranath Tagore(Journey’s End) ,
Nandalal Bose(Shiva and Sati), M.F. Hussain (Mother Teresa),
Somnath Hore (Children) & Sculptors like D.P. Rai
Chowdhary(Triumph of Labour), Ramkindar Baij (Santhal Family) are a
few examples of how are Indian artist and sculptors contributed
towards the national freedom movement by promoting feeling of
nationalism in everybody.
Q2. What is symbolized by each of the following, used in the
Indian National Flag ?
a. India Saffron Colour
b. White Colour
c. India Green Colour
d. Ashokan-Wheel
e. 24 spokes in the Ashokan-wheel
Ans. A) Saffron: Courage and Sacrifice
B) White: Truth and Peace
C) Green: Faith and chivalry
D) Ashokan-Wheel/Dharma charka (The Wheel of Law): Progress
of our Nation
E) 24 Spokes in Ashokan-Wheel/Dharma charka: 24 hours
progress
Second: 1921
During the session of the All India Congress Committee at
Bezwada in 1921 (now Vijayawada) an Andhra youth Pingali
Venkayya prepared a flag and took it to Gandhiji. It was made up
of two colours-red and green-representing the two major
communities i.e. Hindus and Muslims.
Gandhiji suggested the addition of a white strip to represent the
remaining communities of India and the spinning wheel to
symbolise progress of the Nation.
Third: July 22, 1947
On July 22, 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted it as Free
India National Flag. After the advent of Independence, the colours
and their significance remained the same as horizontal tricolour
— deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and dark green at
the bottom. Only the Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was
adopted in place of the spinning wheel on white middle stripe of
the flag. The Dharma Charkha is in deep blue consisting with 24
spokes.
Q4. Who was the father of the folk renaissance in India, who
travelled to the countryside of Bengal to learn from the folk
artisans, the expressive power of their lines to create an
alternative vision of modern Indian identity in art? Name the artist
and describe his work on the bases of at least FOUR elements of
art.
Ans. Artist - Jamini Roy
School - Modern school
Period - 1930
Medium - Oil on canvas (Painting)
Description-
Jamini Roy is among those artists who painted independently without
being impressed by Bengal school and introduced a new and modern
style in India. His new experiments were based on folk art of Bengal
specially the Kalighat Pata painting. Jamini Roy started painting in the
style of Kalighat Pata painting. He followed the glowing colour, flowing
curves and bold line of this style. Also rediscover the beauty of folk art
and redefined it into modern art.
In this vertical composition he has immortalized motherhood by drawing
mother and child as Yashoda & Krishna. The space is nicely filled with
figure and other objects. Lady is shown holding a child with her left arm
on the left side of her waist. Faces are cup shaped; eyes are elongated
like fish shaped with thick eyebrows. Mother’s head is tilted towards her
child. The child is totally naked while the mother is wearing a saree. Both
mother and child are decorated with ornaments. The folk motives in the
background captured the simplicity of local and rural lifeMother is wearing
dark brown saree with border. Brown colour is dominant in the painting.
The use of yellow Ochre is also very beautiful. White colour is used for
ornaments and flowers and working as high light .
Collection – National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
MEGHDOOT
Artist - Ram Gopal Vijayvargiya
School - Bengal School
Period - 1961 to 1966
Medium - Watercolour on paper
Technique - Wash and Tempera
Description -
This art work is taken from the series of Meghdoot paintings. It is
based on the lyrical poem Meghdutum written in Sanskrit by Kalidas.
The Meghdoot means the Cloud Messenger. Here artist depicted the
thought; how a Yaksha after being excelled for a year to central India
convinced the passing cloud to take a message to his wife Alka to
Mount Kailash, where she is awaited for his return.
In this painting Yaksha is shown sitting and writing a letter to his wife
on the palm leaf which he wants the cloud messenger to hand over to
his wife. Clouds are beautifully drawn in the painting. Yaksha is placed
in the center in yellow colour dhoti and white duppata. Landscape in
the painting is very effective. Fluttering garments and trees and plants
suggest the strength of the wind. Lots of rocks and a hut are also
shown in the background. A water stream is shown in the foreground.
Collection - National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
B) Radhika
Artist - Mohammed Abdul Rahman Chugutai
School - Bengal School
Period - 1920
Medium - Watercolour on paper
Technique - Wash and Tempera
Description -
M.A.R. Chugutai is the last artist from Chugutai family lived in Lahore.
He was the direct descendant of of Ustad Ahmad Lahuri the chief
architect of Emperor Shah Jahan.
The painting Radhika is a poetic creation full of beauty and imagination
to evoke a sense of pleasure on the beholder. This is a fine detailed
painting of Radha shown as delicate, flexible, graceful and lovelorn in
profile. She is shown in the romantic posture, delicately bending her
neck down, cheek resting on her left hand and in the right hand she is
shown holding a big lotus flower on which a bumblebee (bhanwra) is
sitting. In the background a decorative lamp is shown with flame.
Orange, red, and purple colours are beautifully mixed and the same
colours are used in the figure of Radha. Radha is shown wearing
blouse of orange colour, lahnga of purple colour and ordhni of yellow
colour.
Collection - National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
ii)
1. Bengal painters have tried to introduce linear delicacy, rhythm and
grace of Ajanta in their paintings to the best of their ability.
2. The figures are delicate and graceful.
3. Wash technique has been used in order to bring harmony in the
painting.
4. The Impact of Indian traditional painting style can be seen in these
paintings, which proves that the root of this style is there underneath
Indian miniature.
5. The rhythms of the human and animal figures give an extra ordinary
pleasure to eye.
iii)
The depiction of Bharat Mata by Abanindranath Tagore who was
amboded with the high political feeling of that time in the form of
Bharat Mata. A woman was painted like a Hindu deity however instead
of the divine attributes she carries in her four hands the emblem of the
common men’s dream. A piece of cloth, a manuscript, a branch of
paddy rice and a rudraksha garland holding in her hands. She has a
hello behind her head and a Lotus bloom at her feet.
Q10. Which one do you like or dislike most any of the following
Contemporary (Modern) Indian Painting included in your course
of study?
Ans. The painting which I like the most is “Mother Teresa” by M.F.
Hussain. He is one of the most versatile artist of that phase. He played a
role to develop modern Indian art In International platform.
Q15. Raja Ravi Verma mastered the style of academic realism and
used it to depict scenes from popular epics like the Ramayana
and Mahabharata. The paintings on epics became so popular that
many of them were copied as oleographs and were sold in market
and entered people’s homes as calendar images. Based on its
compositional arrangement why do you like or dislike the
painting?
Ans. The painting I like, which is made by Raja Ravi Verma is “Rama
vanquishing the pride of the Ocean”
Compositional Arrangement :-
Artist - Raja Ravi Verma
School - Modern school
Period - Late 19th century A.D.
Medium - Oil on canvas (Painting)
Description-
This painting is an episode from Balmiki’s Ramayana. After preparing
his force for invading Lanka to recover Sita, Rama was held up by the
sea. Attempts to build a bridge were washed out by the ocean. Rama
threatened to destroy Varuna, the god of ocean. Varuna and his
consort rush forward to pacify the angry Rama.
In this painting Raja Ravi Verma has shown his ability to capture
movement and motions of his composition on the principle of dynamic
balance. Rama’s posture and fluctuating drapery suggest wind blowing
from the ocean.
The solid rocks in the foreground provide in contrast to the smooth
surface of the ocean. The vertical form of Rama builds efforts of
bravery and strength. Rama is shown standing with bow and arrow. A
lightning is shown beautifully on the dark background.
Collection - Chitrashala, Mysore
Q16. In this painting three women are portrayed in the centre of
the picture plane with yellow, white and red saris, placed within
the background of trees and nature. A dark black and brown
portrayal of a woman 3 marks behind the tree, seems to be in a
resting mood also catches the eyes of the viewers.
a) Identify and name the artist.
b) Name the painting and the common spice depicted in it?
c) Does the massive power of rural women reflect in the subject
matter of the painting?
Explain logically with your artistic point of view.
Ans. a) The artist is “Amrita Shergil”.
b) The painting depicted here is “Haldi Grinder” and the common spice
is “Turmeric”.
c) Yes, the massive power of rural women reflect in the subject matter
of the painting. Amrita Shergil had great empathy and fascination for
rural, poor and authentic India. This painting is a very honest depiction
of the domestic Indian household. It shows women doing a routine
work of grinding turmeric. Here we see the view through two thick
trunks the two women sitting sideways in profile and grinding on a
stone grinder. Their heads are covered and faces are dark with no
emphasis on facial features. There is a young girl sitting next to them
with turmeric seeds. One more head is visible at the far end of the
composition which is again veiled and obscure.
The female forms are simplified and abstract in a very modern style.
The trees specially the details of leaves carry the influence of Indian
painting that she encountered after coming to India. Hence this
painting is in extraordinary mix of eastern and western art. Amrita’s
colour are flat and entirely with intense of red, yellow occur, brown,
yellow and green.
Q17. The painting shows a faceless figure with soft flowing
drapes of the blue bordered white saree that is adorned by a
female figure, she is carrying a sick person protectively on her
lap. The figure of this female acquires a certain monumentality
and the stature of the universal mother, while the figure of the
man is vulnerable and lies in her lap.
a) Identify the painting and name the artist.
b) According to your understanding who can be the central female
figure in this painting?
Appreciate in short, a few aesthetic qualities that you admire in
this artwork.
Ans. a) The painting here is “Mother Teresa” and the artist is “M.F.
Hussain”.
b) Mother Teresa
A few aesthetic qualities that I admire in this artwork are:-
Artist – M.F. Hussain
School- Modern school
Period- 1997
Medium- Oil on canvas (Painting)
Description-
This painting has been depicted through bold black lines. The main
figure Mother Teresa has been depicted through her flowing drapes of
the blue bordered white saree instead of her portrait. On one side of
the saree she is giving shelter to a girl, who is representing the orphan
homeless child. On the other side a sick person is lying on her knee,
where as another figure is sleeping on the lap of Mother Teresa.
mother Teresa’s right palm is rise in the form of blessing. Husain’s
lines are sharp and full of expression. Mostly colours are flat light and
dark tones can be seen at few places.
Collection- National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Q19. Name two graphic prints from your course of study which
show composition based on human figures also. Write about the
name of the method and material used for making these prints.
Ans. Children :- Etching and Aquatint (Graphic Print)
In etching a metal plate specially zinc plate is processed by nitric acid
and use of an etching needle to create the image on the plate and take
the print out by the help of printing press.
Aquatint – a print resembling a watercolour, made by etching a copper
plate with nitric acid & using resin and varnish to produce areas of
tonal shading.
Man, Woman & Tree :- Lithography (Graphic Print)
The image is drawn on a limestone generally known as litho stone with
litho pencil and glue is applied on. After that stone is formatted in acid
and the stone is ready for print.
Q21. Which one of the contemporary Indian Sculptor you like the
most? Write about the style characteristics materials etc. of
his/her work.
Ans. The Indian Sculptor I like the most is “Ramkinkar Baij”. In this
sculptor “Santhal Family” made by him,he has depicted the human life
values and the struggles made by a family who is migrating from one
place to another.
Compositional arrangement of the sculptor :-
Artist – Ramkinkar Baij
School - Modern School (Sculpture)
Medium - Cement and Concrete (Modern Sculpture)
Period – 1938 A.D.
Description -
Rough textured group of Santhal Family with its multiple figures and
strong movement is shown in this sculpture.
In this composition a male and a female figure is standing side by side
with walking action. a dog with them and a child is seating on a front
side basket hanging from the balancing rod. The backside basket of
the balancing rod is filled with some household material. The female is
walking beside the man has carried the load on her head and carried
her child in her left waist. It is an entire family in migration. This
roadside sculpture is placed on a rough textured land of Santiniketan
and made with graves, cement and red clay of that area which are
easily available.
Collection – Viswa Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal
Q22.Short note :
(a) Cries Unheard
(b) Triumph of Labour
Ans. a) Cries Unheard
Artist – Amarnath Sehgal
School - Modern School (Sculpture)
Medium - Bronze (Modern Sculpture)
Period – 1958 A.D.
Description -
There are three standing figure of a family with their gloomy faces
showing agony and distress. Man, woman and a child stand with their
hands raised upwards. these figures are simplified and almost primitive
simplicity gives an element of strength to this sculpture. The sculpture
has suggested the cries op suffering human by making hollowness in
their heads. Made mask like faces keep appearing again and again in
the sculpture of Amarnath Sehgal, which is showing the human life
values.
Collection - National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
b) Triumph of Labour
Artist – D.P. Rai Chowdhury
School - Modern School (Sculpture)
Medium - Bronze and Cement (Modern Sculpture)
Period – 1959 A.D.
Description -
This is sculpture is displayed in front of the National Gallery of Modern
Art and can be seen by passing through men road of India Gate. In this
sculpture four labours are engaged in a task of moving a block of stone
with the help of wooden logs. All the labours are wearing only loin
cloths and two of them have covered their heads with a piece of cloth.
These labours are working in a hilly area. Through this sculpture the
artist has conveyed the idea of united efforts that can move any
blockade. This sculpture is showing the human life values.
Collection - National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi
Q23. Name two famous sculptors and their artwork that reflects
the condition of poor people in India at that time.
Ans. Triumph of Labour by “D.P. Rai Choudhary” and Santhal Family
by “Ramkinkar Baij”.
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