ABSTRACT

This study reflects a combination of architecture as well as

engineering aspects.
The proposed project is an Public Aquarium located at the
Miramar beach, Panaji Goa. The project has been selected
keeping in view the need for an aquarium building to attract
more tourist and visitors.
It focuses mainly on architecture which is placed on land
and partially based in water. A lot of technological
parameters must be kept in mind before designing a partial
section of the building in the water. This study will briefly
explain about some techniques that will be adapted from
case studies regarding the mechanisms, the form, structure
and materials that should be taken care of when designing
the underwater structure. The final design will reflect the
inferences generated by this study.
The proposed Oceanarium will be a pleasant addition to
develop the tourism and beauty of Goa, and also fulfills the
recreation and entertainment needs of people of India and
abroad.
The master planning and the architecture of the project will
be redesigned to achieve this goal through which the
architecture, itself, will become a new landmark of the area,
however, not alienated from the context, physically and
culturally Through collecting related data of the project that
are activities taken place in the area, ways of life of people
adjacent to the areas, existing conditions of the areas,
existing contents exhibited.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF AQUARIUM
An aquarium simulates a water habitat: for instance a river lake or sea, but only the submerged
area of these natural habitats. "Establishments where collection of living aquatic animals and
plants are exhibited or studied.
"An object or place in which aquatic animals, principally fish are kept captive for public or private
exhibition. Saltwater aquarium for displaying animals and plant, particularly oceanic or pelagic,
fishes and mammals.
These “Living museums serve not only to present aquatic animals but also to study them, as
much still remains to be discovered about some biological phenomena (for example, the
reproduction of marine fish).
This new generation of "real conditions aquariums includes among its ranks the Deep-Sea World
in Fife, Scotland, the Fenit Sea World in County Kerry, Ireland, and the Clearwater Marine
Aquarium in Florida. not forgetting illustrious precursors such as the National Aquarium in
Washington and the Belle Isle Aquarium. Detroit, which opened in 1873 and 1904, respectively.
The world largest oceanarium. now known as marine land, was completed in 1938 near st.
Augustine, fla., us
HISTORY
Aquariums or some form of it, has existed since the time of ancient Sumerians about 4500 years
ago. The ancient Romans used to keep the fish for food and entertainment. The breeding of
ornamental fish spread from China to Japan.
Today, public aquariums and commercial aquariums and aquarium fish tanks can be found in
almost all the principal cities of the world. Other aquarium research facilities such as the
Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, Plymouth Marine Laboratory in England, etc. are well-
established as well.
The historical backdrop of marine life biology may have started as right on time as 1200 BC when
the Phoenicians started sea trips using celestial navigation. References to the ocean and its
secrets possess large amounts of Greek mythology. especially the Homeric poems "The Iliad" and
"The Odyssey". Nonetheless, these two sources of ancient history mostly refer to the ocean as a
means of transportation and food source. It wasn't until the writings of Aristotle external link
from 384-322 BC that particular references to marine life were recorded. Aristotle recognized an
assortment of animal species crustaceans, echinoderms, mollusks, and fish.. He also recognized
that cetaceans are mammals, and that marine vertebrates are either oviparous (producing eggs
that hatch outside the body) or viviparous (producing eggs that hatch within the body). Since he
is the first to re- cord observations on marine life, Aristotle is regularly referred to as the father of
marine biology.
IMPORTANCE OF STUDY OF AQUARIUM
• An aquarium is basically the resemblance of an underwater ecosystem.
These aquatic organisms need specific methods of collection; the
adaptability of every species is species specific depending on the
biology, life cycle and behavior of each species.
• There are also gaining knowledge of different feeding requirements,
different habitat arrangements in the display tanks, different lighting
and different aeration condition.
• Aquarium has ideal places for understanding on husbandry, life cycles,
reproduction, behavior, auto ecology and fish pathology.
• The main objectives are to make the general public awareness in
respect of coastal biodiversity conservation, fish culture and sustainable
fisheries development, livelihood particularly the fishermen, fisheries
entrepreneurs and fish farmers etc.

NEED OF STUDY
• In a properly functioning aquarium, fishes, plants, invertebrates and
micro organisms support and depends on each other to maintain a
habitable environment
• If the balanced is disturbed, the result can be a breakdown that can
cause animals to suffer or die.
• To make live these aquatic animals in a proper way, aquarists design and
manage to built an aquarium with all the possibilities for them to
survive, so that people can see them and research on them,
• The challenge and the role of architect is to design manageable homes
for aquatic animals as well as building environment which attracts more
and more public by letting them know more about aquatic life and the
beauty of it.
Aim
Limitations
• To generate the knowledge and interest about Aquarium as one of the concepts of marine • Being a government project, the pace of construction could slow down. Funding too
conservation and to design the same. Aquarium will have footprints from India as well as could be a problem.
from other countries. • It is really hard job to maintain and manage an aquarium in a large scale.

Objectives
• Featuring rare species that was discovered and preserving vulnerable species
• To study the construction techniques to built freshwater aquarium
• Spreading awareness towards conservation and restoration of damage
• Providing discrete data about what's discovered from the marine life
• To create a campus that will act as a display area for both fishes and animals relating to freshwater

ECONOMICAL OBJECTIVES: SOCIAL OBJECTIVES: TOURISM OBJECTIVES:

• Millions of people travel • On a social and political level, • Museums play a huge vital role
all over the globe to visit but also on a local one, in tourism for a lot of countries
muse- ums and galleries museums have the ability to like Britain, Europe region and
searching for institutions establish unity. By celebrating also in the Middle East Area like
providing life-long learning a common heritage, local Egypt and old civilised countries
opportunities museums are able to pro- vide • Lots of people travel to witness
• A museum is a destination a sense of community and history development and things
everyone in the world of location, providing a great that seize to exist in their own
art and culture would like way to get to know the history countries
and have to visit of a specific region.

Scope
• India is surrounded by sea at three sides and has one of the largest coastlines in the world rich in
marine life- over 24,000 marine species and 1/4th of world marine mammal population found in the
Indian Ocean.
• Marine life is one of the most important resource of the country and there is an increasing demand
of the development and conservation of marine wealth.
• There is no state of the art facility available in the country for the appropriate scientific research and
awareness.
• It will help in promoting tourism, and awareness about marine Biodiversity.
LITERATURE STUDY - 3. Osteichthyes:
A. CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES: 3.1.Subphylum Vertebrata: .
Fish the member of the Animalia Kingdom is classified into Phylum • About 30000 species of bony fish are found in this class. Fishes that belong to this species are spindle
Chordata and Vertebrata Subphylum Fishes poses notochord, tubular nerve chord, paired gills. shaped, oval in section and flattened Skins are protected by protective scales. Some fishes of this
segmentation of the body parts, post and tail, ventral heart, and an endoskeleton to be the category have actual lungs to breathe and also have sharp eyesight. These bony fishes have a special
member of the Chordata. In order to be a vertebrate, it poses backbone. This back bone supports gas filled chamber called airbladder housed under the skeleton to allow them to remain buoyant.
and protects the spinal cord. Another adaptation is operculum, a bone on the sides of the fish to protect the chambers that house
All the species of the fish found in the world are classified into the following three the gills
groups • Bony fish are again classified into ray finned and lobe finned fish. Ray finned fish nave thin, flexible
Agnathan-jawless fish skeleton rays. Lobe finned fish have muscular fins supported by bones. Bony fish fertilizes either
Chrondrichthyes -cartilaginous fish internally or externally. Two types of eggs are laid by the bony fish. They are the eggs that float and
Osteichthyes-bony fish the eggs that sink
About 50 species of Agnatha fish. 600 species of Chrondrichthyes fish and 30.000 species 3.2.Characteristic of Osteichthyes:
of Osteichthyes fish are found in the world. Most of the fishes in the bony group belong to the ray • Have more or less bony skeleton and numerous vertebrae
finned group. According to the biologist there are about 70 fish orders are found in the world. • Mucous glands and embedded dermal scales are present in the skin Have paired fins.
Sharks and rays, sturgeon and gars, herring-like fishes, trout and salmon, eels, minnows, • jaws are present
suckers, and catfish, flying fish and relatives, cod-like fish, flatfish, seahorses and relatives, mullets, • Gill arches support the gills and are protected by the operculum.
silversides, and barracuda and mackerels and tunas are the main group of fishes.
B. FISH ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY:
There are few creatures on earth that have developed such an
1. Agnathan
interesting and unique set of physical characteristics as the fish. Their special adaptations have allowed
1.1 Subphylum Vertebrata:
them to survive in an environment completely different than humans. Water is 800 times denser than air.
• Agnathan are jawless fish and lack paired fins. They also lack the internal skeleton system They
Water also contains less than 2% of the oxygen contained in the air. Sound and light are very distorted in
have a circular tooth mouth (cyclostomic) by which they bore the body of their victim and suck
the water. Yet despite these difficult obstacles in life, fish have some unique anatomical adaptations that
their blood. These are classified in to two major types. They are Hagfish and Lampreys
allow them to flourish. If aquarium owners have an understanding of these basic adaptations. it will help
1.2 Characteristic of Agnatha
them to better care for their fish.
• Jaws are absent.
1. The Skin:
• Paired fins are absent
Unlike most land dwelling animals, fish have evolved several unique traits in their outside
• Bony scales and skin plates were present in the ancient species but are absent in the living
coverings including scales. Fins and protective mucous. Most fish have 7 fins, although some have 6 and
species.
some 8. These fins allow fish to steer and move forward and backward. Because water is 800 times denser
• Gill pouches are present.
than air. fish require a tremendous amount of muscle strength and coordination. The powerful tail fin
• They have seven or more pouches
coupled with a large efficient muscle-filled body gives the fish the necessary strength. On the outside of the
• Stomach is absent in the digestive system
2. Chrondrichthyes: skin most fish have compact rows of protective scales. These scales are firmly attached to the skin and are
2.1. Subphylum Vertebrata: primarily made of hard calcium. The scales offer unsurpassed protection against injury and infection Catfish
• Fearsome predators and harmless mollusc eaters are the members of the Chrondrichthyes. The have evolved without scales, but some have hard bony plates and others have sharp spines in some of their
member of the cartilaginous fish poses true bone and also poses a skeleton made up of fins that help keep predators at bay. Over the tops of their scales, fish secrete a mucous covering This
cartilage. Only the teeth of this species and rarely the vertebrae are calcified. Sharks, Skates, mucous is very effective at trapping and immobilizing bacteria and viruses and even contains antibacterial-
and Rays make up the group of chrondrichthyes. like agents that will help kill the trapped bacteria. Another important trait of the mucous is to reduce
friction and allow the fish to move through the water more easily.
2. The Swimbladder:
The swimbladder is a unique organ found only in fish and is sometimes C.FRESHWATER AQUARIUM vs SALTWATER AQUARIUM:
called the 'air bladder. It is a smooth, gas-filled organ found in the abdomen of most fish. A While we are generally breaking down the types
fish will either add to or decrease the amount of air in the bladder to help it move up or down of aquariums you can choose into two large categories- freshwater or saltwater - there are actually
in the water. Without the air bladder, the fish would have to swim continuously to keep from several subcategories within each of these larger options. These subcategories have a huge impact on
sinking to the bottom. By adjusting the amount of air in the bladder, fish can adjust the depth aspects of your tank such as cost and maintenance.
at which they float and extend very little energy in the process. One other benefit of the air
bladder in some species is that it can be used to receive or emit sounds. For freshwater, some of the subcategories include:
3. Maintaining Salt Balance: • Planted tanks
As in people, maintaining the proper level of salt in the fish's body • Biotope tanks
is critical to proper health. Fish face an exceptionally difficult challenge because they live in a • Cichlid tanks (African or New World)
watery environment and tend to leak' a lot. The concentration of salt in a freshwater fish is • Brackish tanks
much higher than in the surround ing water, so salt is constantly leaking out of the fish into • Predator tanks
the water. To compensate for this, fish have developed several solutions. The first and
foremost is that they ingest a very large quantity of water and as a resalt produce a large For saltwater, the three main subcategories are:
quantity of urine (10-20 times as much as land mammals). Their kidneys extract the small • Fish-only tanks
amount of salt from the-Ingested water and put it back into the fish's bloodstream. The other • Fish-only with live rock tanks (FOWLR)
thing they have is an ion pump in their gills that actually helps take salt out of the water and • Reef tanks
discharges ammonia and other undesirable products. Saltwater fish have the same problem in 1. Cost:
reverse. For salt water fish, the sea water contains a much higher concentration than what is When comparing freshwater and saltwater tanks. cost is what many people assume to be the
in their bodies. As a result, salt leaks in and the fish has to use its kidneys and ion pumps to main difference. There is a common perception that saltwater aquariums cost a good deal more than
excrete extra salt. freshwater ones. To be quite honest. this is generally the case. Saltwater fish tend to be more expensive
4. Breathing Underwater: and these tanks tend to require additional equipment. If you choose to incorporate them, corals can
Breathing underwater is one of the most interesting adaptations of also add significantly to the cost of your tank. All of these things need to be considered, but do realize
fish. Fish need oxygen just like people, but the trick is getting the small amount of available that cost is relativeFor example, a reef tank is probably going to be the most expensive of the saltwater
oxygen out of the water and into the bloodstream. The way that fish accomplish this is aquariums. Therefore, if you wanted to keep the cost more in-line with a freshwater tank, you could
through their gills. The gills contain thousands of tiny capillaries (blood vessels). Water is semp a fish-only or FOWLR tank. You could also do DIY projects for much of the additional equipment
constantly pumped over the gills through a combination of opening and closing the mouth required for saltwater tanks. On the flip side of this, you can certainly make a freshwater aquarium very
and muscular contractions that force water over the gills. The oxygen is absorbed out of the expensive. For example, if you have a heavily planted tank, the additional lighting, carbon dioxide, and
water and goes directly into the bloodstream. Water temperature can greatly affect the fertilizers can add up fast. African cichlid tanks can require huge amounts of rock that can be equivalent
concentration of free oxygen in the water. As the water temperature increases, the free to placing live rock in your tank in a saltwater setup
oxygen concentration decreases Stagnant or poor quality water also contains less oxygen. A 2.Size:
fish that becomes stressed or overly excited in water that has low oxygen content can have It used to be the common belief that you could not have a saltwater tank under 50 gallons. With
severe respiratory difficulty and can die. Because the air contains much more oxygen than the the rise in popularity of nano tanks, however, this is clearly no longer the case. In fact many
water, some people question why fish cannot breathe out of the water. The reason is that the manufacturers are now making 10-30 gallon all-in-one units (example, Nano Cube HQI) specifically for
small delicate lamellae (thin branching structures) in the gills will collapse when the fish is out saltwater use. It remains true, however, that larger tanks are easier to care for than smaller tanks due to
of the water. This will make it impossible for oxygen to be absorbed. To determine how long a increased water volume. This being the case, there is no significant difference between keeping a
fish can be kept out of the water, hold your breath when you take your fish out of the tank. freshwater or a saltwater tank in regard to tank size.
When you need to breathe. then so does your fish.
3. Water Changes: 7. Equipment:
Saltwater tanks do require some additional work during water changes, mostly related to the fact Again, you can do a saltwater setup without a great deal of additional equipment. but
that you have to mix the saltwater beforehand. This can be time consuming as the salt tends to the average saltwater aquarium does usually use more equipment than a freshwater setup .
dissolve slowly and requires you to buy a hydrometer to check the salinity level. There are ways to Examples of equipment many people use in the saltwater world that are not required in freshwater
make this process easier, however One option is to keep saltwater mixing continuously in a large include:.
bucket, heated with a heater and circulated with a powerhead. Using this method, you will always • Protein Skimmer
have fresh water available for water changes. Another option is to purchase pre-mixed saltwater • Hydrometer.
from the pet store, but this option is much more expensive With freshwater aquariums, of course, • Salt mix
you do not need to mix saltwater. You do, however need to treat the tap water with a water purifier • Live rock.
to remove toxic chemicals that could endanger your fish • Power heads (these can be found in many freshwater setups as well, but they are generally not
4. Lighting: required there).
Saltwater lighting can get very expensive. Many corals require metal halide lighting which is • Additional test kits (examples: alkalinity, calcium)
not only expensive to buy, but is also expensive to run. However, you can stay away from high-light • Sump.
corals and stick with power compact lighting which is a good deal cheaper than metal halide, but still 8. Aquarium Dynamic:
more expensive than the "standard" fluorescent lighting found in many freshwater aquariums. You With saltwater aquariums, your tank is always evolving. When you put live rock
could also choose a fish-only aquarium where the only lighting requirement is what makes the fish or live sand in your tank, hitch hikers come along and you just have no idea what to expect next Very
look good. It should also be noted that saltwater corals generally require actinic lighting (not to rarely in the freshwater world (outside of snails coming with plants) do you see inhabitants in your
mention the fact that this kind of lighting makes them really pop). Actinic lighting is not often used in tank that were not purchased intentionally. It is really interesting to sit and watch you saltwater tank
freshwater setups as plants do not benefit from that portion of the spectrum and it can promote to see what is new. Now, along with this comes a negative because not all of these hitch hikers are
algae growth In the freshwater world, the planted tank is the only tank that really has a lighting good (examples: Aiptasia, bristle worms, mantis shrimps, etc.). It can be hard to remove some of
requirement and even in these tanks, compact fluorescents are the lighting of choice. In all other these bad hitch hikers which can lead to added stress. One benefit that freshwater tanks have over
freshwater aquariums, you only need the lighting that makes the tank and its inhabitants your tastes. saltwater aquariums, however, is the fact that freshwater fish are usually easier to breed. Cichlids,
No matter what tank you choose, the size and quality of the lighting systems you utilize is your choice livebearers and other species breed prolifically in the home tank with little to no encouragement
so, ultimately, you have control over how much you spend from the aquarist. Not only do you get to experience the joy of having new fish in your tank. but you
5. Colour: also get to watch courting and mating behaviors. Saltwater fish can be very difficult to breed so you
There is simply no substitute for a reef aquarium in terms of color, it is just a fact that there may not have as many chances to have these experiences if you don't go with a freshwater tank
is more variety and a wider array of brightly colored fish and corals in the saltwater world. The only 9. Ease Of Keeping:
thing that comes close, in my opinion, is an African cichlid tank (people who do not know much about Similar to the fact that most (but not all) saltwater tanks are more expensive than
fish often mistake my cichlid tank for a saltwater tank), but even these do not have the intense color fresh water, freshwater tanks are generally easier to care for. This is especially true when comparing
differences found in a full reef tank. There are some very colorful freshwater fish, of course, but the a freshwater tank to a reef setup. Again, there are counter examples (comparing a heavily planted
spectrum of color seen in freshwater fish is very different from that seen in saltwater species. tank to a fish-only saltwater), but generally the variables are less complex in a freshwater setup.
6. Variety: 10. Coral:
Again, the edge probably has to go to saltwater here. While there are certainly enough Obviously there is nothing in the freshwater world like coral. If you just love coral then salt
fresh water species to ensure you never get bored, it just doesn't compare to the huge array of very water is the way to go. My mother-in-law has a saltwater setup with two small clownfish and tons of
different looking fish and invertebrates found in saltwater setups. Being able to add corals and other coral species. She doesn't really care for fish all that much, but she loves watching the different kinds
odd creatures also adds to the variety found in saltwater setups. With fresh water aquariums, of coral in her tank. Keep in mind though that with coral comes additional maintenance. Each one of
however, you still have plenty of options in species of fish that live at all levels of the tank-you also your coral species may require a different diet, light level, or current preference. You must be willing
have your choice of invertebrates like snails and even dwarf frogs to put in the time to properly care for these creatures.
D. FRESHWATER AQUARIUM SETUP: 3. Hood & Description 4. Equipment Description
1. Essentials & Accessories: lighting
type
All freshwater aquariums require similar basics - a good tank, a thermometer • Helps you monitor water temperature
solid stand. quality accessories and maintenance tools. But to determine Hood • Covers tank to prevent fish escapes and • In-tank or external options available
which kind of what items you need. first consider the aquatic life you want evaporation • Digital options available
• Often designed to house lights or bulbs
to keep Freshwater fish come in all shapes and sizes with wide ranging • Adjustable designs available heater • Helps regulate tank temperature
requirements for their living conditions. Betta fish prefer smaller tanks with • External and submersible heating options available
almost no current while Oscar cichlids need lots of room to grow and can Fluorescen • Most popular aquarium lighting choice • Ideal for tropical tanks or cool climates
t bulb • Great for most freshwater aquariums • Adjustable thermostats offer precise temperature
swim in water with low currents. Understanding the needs of the fish you • Come in a wide variety of spectruns control
want will make choosing your tank essentials and accessories that much • Some versions ideal for planted aquariums
easier. chiller • Ideal for cold water tanks or warm climates
Handle • Ideal for planted aquariums • Typically used for larger tanks
2. Aquarium Furniture Tanks & Stands: bulb • May produce excess heat • Expensive piece of equipment
The size of your tank depends on a tot of different factors • Requires special fixtures for proper use
how much space do you have. how much weight can you manage (a gallon
stands • Made with wood, metal or both
of water weighs nearly 9 lbs.) and most importantly what kind of aquatic life • Reinforced designs to hold up heavy tanks 5. Climate Control:
you want to keep. If your only limiting factor is fish type. remember that • May include supply shelves Freshwater fish have all different
most freshwater fish require at least one gallon for every adult inch they are tolerances for water temperature. Some like it tropically
LED lamp • Typically longest lifespan of aquarium lighting
long some species like gold fish require more. systems warm, and some like it cool. And it's not just a matter of
2. Furniture Description • More energy efficient preference their environment impacts their health and
type • May allow for light color customization behavior. Learn about the type of fish you want to keep and
Desktop • Compact design and footprint. Incandesc • Inexpensive lighting option what their ideal water temperature is. A thermometer and
tanks • Ideal for a limited number of small fish. ent bulb • Easily found and replaceable the right equipment can help you keep your fish happy and
• May include built-in filter and/or light. • Uses more electricity and produces more healthy.
heat compared to other bulb types
Standard • May include built-in filter and/or light.
aquarium • Larger tanks requires strong stands for support. 3. Hoods & Lighting: 5. Filter type Description
• Glass or acrylic.
Lights brighten your tank so you can
kits • Includes tank and at least one of the following filter,hood, lamp, start- enjoy your fish throughout the day. If you want a
Canister filter • External filter system with a variety of mounting
up conditioner, food. planted tank, you may prefer certain types of lights over and installation options
• Filtration and lighting may be built into the system.
others. Some kits include hoods and lamps. but you can • Powerful pump for large aquariums
• Great for first-time aquarists.
always customize your own setup with different light • Three-stage filtration media can be replaced
stands • Made with wood metal or both. fixtures and bulbs. separately
• Reinforced designs to hold up heavy tanks.
4. Filters & Media: Power filter • Standard over-the-edge tank filters
• May include supply shelves.
Filters are key to keeping your tank • Available in a variety of sizes
cabinets • Stands designed with closed cabinet and shelves for storage. clean and healthy. Determining the size of your tank and • Replace filter media as needed
• Discreetly hides food and maintenance equipment.
the needs of your fish will help you decide what filter Filter media • Mechanical filters strain debris, waste, uneaten
• Available in a variety of sizes to suit different aquariums.
system to get. More powerful filters are great for larger food, etc.
Canopy/ • Two-piece set for large aquariums tanks while smaller tanks or more delicate fish may • Biological filters foster healthy bacteria that break
cabinet • Cabinet holds supplies or equipment down ammonia and nitrites
require a less powerful filter •
combo • Canopies frame tank and allow access to waterline Chemical filters remove toxins that cause odor and
water discoloration
6. Equipment Description 7. Water Additives: 8. Décor Description
Water right out of the tap isn't types
Air pump • Oxygenates and circulates water
system • Create a stream or curtain of bubbles ready fo go into your tank. Conditioners, dechlorinators Resin, rock & • Wide variety of shapes, sizes, colors and
• Connect powered pumps to air stone beneficial bacteria and more help to transform your driftwood designs
with airline tubing and check valve to water into a fish-safe environment ornaments • Can provide hideaways or cover for fish
prevent back flow. • Provides interest and enrichment for fish
Gravel vacuum • Cleans waste and detritus from substrate Artificial • Plastic and silk fish-safe plants
• Change water while you clean plants • Creates a more natural look without the
• Variety of sizes available to suit your tank maintenance requirements of live plants
7. Additive Description
• Wide variety of sizes, shapes and colors
Algae pads • Cleans algae and other deposits on tank
Algae • Helps to control algae blooms
walls backgrounds • Adheres to the back wall of tank
removers • Keeps water clean and clear
• Specially made to not damage tanks • Choose from natural or fun scenes.
• Pads available for both glass and acrylic Benificial • Provides tanks with healthy live bacteria • Gives the impression of depth and texture
tanks bacteria • Supports natural processes like waste
Gravels and • Variety of textures, shapes and colors
breakdown and lank cycling
Net • Makes moving aquatic life easy. substrate • Provides a surface for beneficial bacteria to
• Designed to safely catch aquatic life Chlorine • Neutralizes harmful chlorine from tap water colonize
• Various sizes available to suit your and heavy • Use when starting tank or preparing for water • Sand, gravel and artificial substrates
aquatic life and tank metal changes available
removers
Test kits • Measures pH. ammonia, nitrate and more
• Provides a snapshot of the health of your Ammonia • Neutralizes harmful ammonia and chloramine
aquarium and from tank water
• Scientifically accurate and easy to use chloramin • Condition water for new tanks or water 8. Decor:
e changes
When all the essentials are in pface, it's time to
removers
add the bells and whistles. Decorate your tank with
Live plant • Promotes growth in planted aquariums ornaments, silk plants, backgrounds and substrate of all
additives • May include fertilizers and nutrients
colors to create a completely unique look for your
Ph • Increases or decreases tank water pH aquarium inhabitants:
conditione • Ideal for fish that prefer slightly acidic or
rs alkaline water
Clarifiers • Eliminates causes of cloudy water
• Conditions tank water
E. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN: An oceanarium involves more complex sire design than that of an aquarium. It is a
complex that generated a stimulating environment where people can observe marine life in its habitat with the complete • Food should be of wholesome and of standard quality it should have the
underwater landscape nutritional value to keep the fish healthy.
1. Planning: • Food should be prepared with care that no bacterial contamination takes place
A well designed oceanarium must incorporate smooth facilitation of process and smooth circulation of food kept in freezer should be kept at 280c and should be used at the
people since there are chances of it being crowded so that spaces must be well designed and spacious. There are mainly 2 appropriate time, care should be taken that the food does not expire.
types of area: 3. Hygiene care:
• Public Area- Area with the most circulation consisting of all the exhibits and the recreational area • All the wall's and the floors should be cleaned on daily basis, no food particles
• Services Area -All the area required for maintaining the display area for the proper functioning of oceanarium. This area should re-main at the bottom of the tanks.
should be usually kept out of sight of the visitors. • Water should be clean for the fishes.
2. Circulation: • Kitchen area should be washed daily and all the utensils should be cleaned on
• Main principle includes convenience, safety and aesthetics Convenience suggests speed when desired. Easy smooth 4. Health checkups
working of various operations medical checking guaranteeing to be provided from acoustical and visual nuisance. • Programs to measure illness prevention and control must be set up regularly.
• A well designed Oceanarium must provide enough space for smooth circulation of various process involved in running, • Fishes should be observed, the way they swim or the change of skin color or diet
adequate things, efficient ventilation and satisfactory sound insulation Scientifically perceived scheme of setting up the may suggest illness.
tank inharmony with the surroundings to please the visitor's eye. • Newly arrived dolphins should be kept apart from others until good health is
• Attention should be given for various necessary operations such as incoming specimens then medical checking and assured.
quarantining if necessary. • Isolation pools must be set up for ill or sick fishes
• Other important function includes imparting knowledge of the specimen displayed through informative themes by • A health record for fishes should be kept with all the required data.
grouping the specimens of same type. • An autopsy should be carried out by a vet when an animal dies.
• It is important that the exit is convenient to public and should not open into an area which would lead to their 5. Temperature:
confusion and should not open near the services area. It should open into an open area in case of any emergency. • For economic reasons, it is desirable to maintain an even temperature
throughout the aquarium and is best for the health of fish.
F. AQUATIC NEEDS: • Most fishes need temperature of 74-78 degree Fahrenheit depending on the
1. Common Information About Fishes: season Temperature of 721 (260c-280c) is compatible for visitors and will permit
• Ph value of the water should be checked regularly (ph at 72 to 8.5) automatic maintenance of display tanks at same temperature.
• Temperature should not be more than 280 c • Avoid mercury thermometer cause it might break and poison the tank.
• Pool should be designed in a way that rapid fillng and emptying can take place, Water of the pool should be kept • During winters heaters and during summers coolers shall be used.
separate from the waste water of the soil and roof run offs • Water circulation must be sufficient to diffuse heat evenly. This circulation must
• Salinity checks should take place at timely intervals and should be between 18 to 36 be maintained either by aeration or by an adequate number of fishes active
• Bacterial content of the pool should be monitored and should be kept low as much as possible it should not exceed 50 enough to ensure this
per 1000ml. 6. Lighting:
• Total filtration turnover time should not exceed 4 hours • Lighting is very important for an aquarium and is always neglected having the
2. Feeding information: appropriate
• Food chart should be maintained, where diet of each fish is noted down • Light stimulates natural daylight in the tank
• Every species of fish have different diet and food should be given accordingly they should be fed at least once in 3 • Florescent lights the best light in the tank they don't let the fish go away they are
days also very easy to install n make feeding a cleaning of the tank very easy. Avoid
• Food given to small fishes living in large groups should be measured in grams and an account of the amount of food incandescent lights as they give of too much heat which could stress the fish as
given should be kept. well as evaporates more water from the tank
G.WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: H.FILTRATION AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS:
Open Water System In nature tidal fluctuations, current. incorporation by plant and algae life and many
• In open systems the water flows through the aquarium once and is other processes help in the removal of animal wastes. A sustainable life support technology must rely upon the principles of
discarded. This provides water quality comparable to that of the natural water mechanical. It is the conversion of the nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (N02) into
environment and there is no build up of toxic metabolic wastes however Biological Filtration:
temperature control and pumping are usually costly md filtration often is less harmful nitrates or nitrogen gas. This is accomplished through the action of the living on suitable
necessary. Hence an ореn system is not preferred substrate such as gravel bed or plastic structures called bio-media.
Mechanical Filtration:
It is the removal of the dissolved suspended particles from the water by some type of filter or medium such
Semi-Closed Water System:. as sand or floss, a rapid sand. Filter is an example of technical filtration as it uses a layer of sand and fine coal to stop particles.
• Semis closed are the same as closed systems except that there is a constant Chemical filtration:
connection It is the removal of the dissolved organic compounds. Dissolved organic materials can cause the water to
• to the water supply and the problems of dissolved wastes is controlled by have a yellowish appearance. This is remedied by using ab activated carbon filter. a foam fractional or ozone. Many harmful
the regular addition of new water, this system is more economical than the compounds and medications can be removed through chemical filtration
open type in terms of temperature control and pumping. When it comes to creating a healthy environment for marine fish. mammals & invertebrates biological
filtration is by far the most critical consideration. While chemical and mechanical filtration plays important roles they are
primarily supplemental to and supportive of the biological process.
The best designs should not only result in the crystal clear water that every visitors and curator wants to see, but also the
Closed Water System: stable and sustainable water quality that closely parallels a natural aquatic environment. Indicators of a stable environment
• Water is continuously re-circulated in closed systems and is only renewed can be identified, by but are not limited to common water quality criteria, including water temperature. Indicators of a stable
periodically. Metabolic wastes must be treated since they are not environment can be identified by, but are not limited to, common water quality criteria. including water temperatures
continuously flushed from the system. An import problem is that ammonia dissolved oxygen, pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) While these are common water quality indicators, the life support
must be rapidly removed or transformed because it is harmful even at very engineer knows how the design approach will change when creating a system that must sustain animals as diverse as a
low concentrations. In the aquarium the bacteria that converts ammonia to delicate moon jellyfish and a 1.500 pound manatee.
nitrite reside primarily in the filter material and a slow sand filter with a
large surface area is usually provided to ensure their abundance. I. MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TANK:
• Plant growth in the aquarium especially in marine systems are not usually • Acrylic is half the weight of glass. It is easier to ship, move and set up.
sufficient to utilize the entire nitrate produced by bacteria from nitrite. • Acrylic is stronger than glass and will not shatter or leak like glass
Although some aquariums have operated many years with a minimum of • Acrylic distorts much less and is clearer than glass
water renewal it is normally necessary to replace from 1 to 10% of the • If the temperature objects is surrounded by another mater ial that has the same index of refraction will take place, and the
water per month to maintain a low level of nitrates. object will appear invisible and without distortion even at increased viewing angles.
• The use of charcoal in both fresh water and seawater system helps to slow • Reflections also don't take place inside an acrylic Glass in other hand has a slight tint and the refractive index of glass is
down the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. Metabolic wastes also cause different than water so distortion happens where in acrylic has the same refractive index as water so the view is much
an increase in the acidity of water Carbonate compounds are commonly clearer.
used to maintain an optimal level of acidity, particularly • The huge clear acrylic used as the viewing window is about 12 inches thick.
• Acrylic are also very good because they provide light to penetrate inside which is good for the coral reef system. Acrylic is
also used cause it does not allow water temperature fluctuation.
• Acrylic is also used because it has a better molecular bond than glass. Any custom made shape can be made out of acrylic
sheet.
J. TANK DIMENSIONS:

Tank Length: Tank Width: Tank Height:

This is the most important factor in a tank, since it is the The tank should have a minimum of 1 2x adult For height it is recommended a bare
dimension which will keep fish as far apart as possible and give them fish body length as the width. With fish which have a body minimum of 20 cms and then to add up 2.5x Fish body
enough space to swim around in the tank especially for cruise predators width over 5 cm. the factor should be 13x adult fish length height (11) for a fish body height of less than 5cm and
The tank should have a minimum of 5x adult fish body length (FL) its long while for fish body over 10cm the factor should be 1.4x For 35% for fishes with a body height over 5cms For a fish
dimension with 20 cm of fish length being the bare minimum. A further any additional 10 cm in body, the factor should be increased that stays at the bottoms a factor of 2s Body height
20-50% extra length should be added if the fish is a cruise predator (30) by 0.1. Thus a red tail catfish with a body width of 30 cms should be used.
or of it is extremely aggressive (+20%). Factors of 1.3, 1.2 and 1.5 should have a factor of 1.6x (Since the adult fish has a length
respectively. If a fish a poor swimmer then we can get along with just 5x of 120cm this becomes a 192 cm width). The resulting values Thus for a single specimen, where
without any additional length despite the aggression factor take the volume occupied by common aquascaping into H Tank Height
Proper information must be acquired of the species which account where Fh Expected maximum fish height
are going to be exhibited in the tank. An extra 10-20% in the L value
(Factor 1.1-1.2) should be added if more than one specimen of the same Thus for a single speciment, Fish body height <5cm H-20cms (FH x 2.5)
species has to be kept in the tank One should also consider that unlike W Tank width Fish body height > 5cm H-20cms+ (FH x 3.5)
mammals for instance fishes have indeterminate growth. The fishes FL Expected maximum fish length Fish body height < 5cm H-20cm+ (FH x 2)
growth slows down eventually but it will continue to grow as long as it eg Catfish or Freshwater Ray
lives. Therefore a confirmed maximum size may be routinely exceeded in Fish body width Sem5cm W-FLX1.2 Fish body height > 5cm H-20cm+ (FH x 2)
captivity, and this too shall be allowed for in sizing the tank. On the other Fish body width 10 cm W-FLX1.3 eg. Stingrays
hand for a really mild mannered fish kept in a peaceful community tank Fish body width 20cm W-FLX1.4
Fish body width - 40 cm W-FLX 1.7 Thus for fish over 20-25 cms in adult body
one can reduce the 5x factor to 4x but it should be ensured that the fish
length the tank size should be calculated by the
doesn't become aggressive. One cannot house a predator with its natural
formula L x W x H as previously described
prey in the same tank will not save the later no matter what the tank
L -70 x 5 x 1.5-525 cms
volume is. W-98 cms
If more than one species are to be kept together then calculations should be made seperately for
H -90 cms
Thus for a single specimen, where each species and then choose the largest volume as the correct one, provided that the species are
compatible. What we get is of course the right tank for the species demanding the most volume. Result4,630 litres)
L Tank Length
Then add 5-10% water volume for each additional individual. The need of a manual override of the Pair-5.093 litres
FL Expected maximum fish length
above formulas in the case of a species with a specific. odd or unique requirement when kept in But a tank for same s pecies which is usually
captivity. A good example of this is the elephant nose fish. This species will reach a final length of aggressive but not a good swimmer then
Peaceful fish, peaceful tankmates :L-FLX4 35cms and should be housed in a tank with a length of approximately 80 cm. This kind of tank usually
formula gives
Aggressive fish, good swimmers :L-FLX 5 x 1.2A has a capacity of 75-80 litres of water. However this species is a schooling fish and is found in fairly
large schools of nature. Keeping less than 6 individuals in a tank will be most probably result in L-50 x 5-250 cm
Aggressive fish, poor swimmers :L-FLX 5
increased intra specific aggression and territorial behavior. Keeping six or more of them will spread W-60 cms
Aggressive fish, cruise predators :L-FLX5x 1.5 this behavior equally among them and therefore there will be fewer fights in the tank. Keeping six of H-60 cms
Mild temperament, cruise predators :L-FLX5X1.3 those fishes in 80 litres tank is not an option. The fish is carnivorous and six of them will present an
Result-900 litres
Pair of aggressive fish,cruise predators:L-FLX5x 1.5 x 1.2t enormous bio load that will challenge any filteration system.Therefore some crucial factors for
estimating the tank size that will keep some species thriving in captivity for many years. This will help For a pair additional 10% should be added
scientist study their behavior and the patterns they follow furthermore which gives a result of 990 litres
CASE STUDIES

• TARAPOREWALA AQUARIUM, MUMBAI

(live case study- I)

• DOLPHIN AQUARIUM, MUMBAI

(live case study- II)

• GOVERNMENT AQUARIUM, BANGLORE

(book case study- I)

• THE BLUE PLANET, DENMARK

(book case study- II)

• TENNESSE AQUARIUM, CHATTANOOGA, U.S.A.

(book case study- III)
1. THE BLUE PLANET EXISTING PROJECT)

LOCATION- KASTRUP, DENMARK

•Architects: 3XN
•Area : 10000 m²
•Year : 2013
•Photographs :Alexandra Timpau, Adam Mørk
•Manufacturers : Flowcrete
•Landscape: HJ Landskab
The Blue Planet is Europe’s largest and most
significant aquarium with an outstanding
location on the shores of Øresund, only eight
kilometres from the Copenhagen City Hall
Square. Moreover, the aquarium in Taarnby
Municipality is ideally located with motorways,
Copenhagen Airport, the Øresund Bridge,
Metro and international trains within few
hundred meters.
The Blue Planet will be one of Denmark’s five
most prominent tourist attractions. At the
tourism conference “A New Way to Grow”
2012, the Blue Planet was chosen as
Denmark’s best lighthouse project within
experience economy, because of its potential
for growth, influence on regional development,
innovation, realization as well as its uniqueness
and ‘reason to go’.
The Blue Planet Aquarium is located on a raised headland towards the sea, North
of Kastrup harbour. The building's distinctive shape is clearly visible for travelers
arriving by plane to the nearby Copenhagen Airport. Over 33,000 small diamond-
shaped aluminium shingles, which is adapts to the building's organic form. The
ideology behind the concept of the whirlpool wasnt only chosen as an ideal but
also for its visual association. As when the functional obstacles in the conceptual
design was resolved: This would mean that either of its arms could be extended by
over 30 percent that would provide an additional display areas in a relatively
convenient way without disrupting the integrity of the building or the function of
the aquarium.
Design concept
Denmark's National Museum shape was influenced by the motion of water forming the
shape of a whirlpool. The shape itself explains what lies ahead in there. The
inspirational idea has a tale about water. Meanwhile as an image, it is an abstract and
illustrative at the mean time. It stirs attention by its distinctive vortex shaped blades
where as a building its shape differs dramatically depending on which angle, what
distance you see it from as well as the lighting conditions whether its day or night. From
a high distance, it looks as if it is entirely white and that the contours of a the building
reminds you of the shape of a starfish. Organic outlines of the building are clear
representations of silver-gray waves or a huge creature from either side perspective.
The layout of the façade reminds of the scales of fish. The design invites you to
interpret what you see in your own.
Project Analysis

Guests arrive at the passageway by following the first and

longest of the whirlpool's arms, previously beginning in
the scene. With a smooth change, the scene outperforms
the structure, while the outside lakes mark the
exceptional experience that anticipates the guests of the
aquarium as they enter: the whirlpool has brought them
into a different universe a world underneath the outside
of the ocean. A round lobby is the focal point of
movement around the aquarium, and it is here that
guests pick which waterway, lake, or sea to investigate.
The risk of queues in front of individual aquariums is
reduced by enabling multiple routes. Its interior vary from
its magnificent to cozy spaces, empowering the
architecture as well to its exhibitions in order to share a
variety of different conditions and mind-sets. The bended
roofs of the aquarium are suggestive of the baleens of an
extraordinary great Blue Whale.
PLANS
SECTIONS
ELEVATION
Construction & Structure :
The building extends beyond the initial coastline, putting unique conditions on the layout of the
infra- structure in a land with a potential to decline. The system is based on piles and all the
sewage systems are suspended in the concrete structure. The specification of the exterior exterior
of the building thus creates the steel frameworks that forms the foundation. The loading system
consists of 54 single steel frames that serve as the basis of the curved façades thanks to their
radial positioning and design. And in order to get favorable water for the massive fish tanks, the
service line was developed 1.7 km into Øresund. In addi- tion, sea water is already used by the
aquarium and public air-conditioning air conditioning systems. At the shore of Oresund that is just
8 kilometers away from Copenhagen City Hall Square, the Blue Planet offers an excellent spot. It's
quite a few hundred meters away from the highways, airport and the Bridge of Øresund, metro
and railways.
SITE STUDY
Introduction
• Goa is a tiny emerald land on the west coast of India, the 25 degree
state in the union of states of India was liberated from Portuguese
rule in 1961 it was part of union territory goa, daman and diu till
30" may 1987 when it was carved out to fum a separate state.
• Goa covers an area of 3702 sq km, and comprises two revenue
districts viz. North goa and south goa
• The site is bestoned by nature with lovely coastal tracks along the
Arabian sea and beautiful,ranges of western Ghats.
• There are six important rivers namely Mandovi, Zuari, Sal, Terekhol,
Chapora and Talpona.

Why Goa ?
• Goa is best known as tourist paradise, both in India and abroad.
Tourism is so prominent that the number of tourists equals to the
state population.
• The national institute of oceanography, the oldest institute
dedicated to the ocean research attracts visitors, to study about
the oceans.
• The coastal zone of goa has been exclusively used for agriculture,
farming shell fishing. traditiional fishing low-key recreation. Goa is
very rich in mangroves diversity Mandovi and Zuari are two
estuaries in goa.
• Freshwater aquarium and marine scientific centre will be a catalyst
to enhance adventure/education tourism and attract more of the
associated benefits to the community.
 REFERENCES

• https://www.navhindtimes.in/2015/06/10/goanews/south-goa-likely-to-get-asias-largest-
oceanarium/
• https://www.vedantu.com/biology/aquarium
• https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20203137553
• https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/oceanarium-proposed-for-state-union-
minister/87818.html
• https://tcp.goa.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Panaji-odp.pdf
• https://www.britannica.com/science/aquarium
• https://issuu.com/abusafwan0/docs/abu_safwan_thesis_report
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266052981_Organizing_a_public_aquarium_O
bjectives_design_operation_and_missions_A_review
• https://issuu.com/pankajrai3/docs/final_report_000
• https://www.designboom.com/architecture/3xn-blue-planet-aquarium-open-to-the-
public/
• https://www.inexhibit.com/case-studies/architecture-blue-planet-danish-aquarium-3xn/
• https://www.archdaily.com/348532/the-blue-planet-3xn