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    Tutorial - Behavioral Approach

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    [4R13] WONG KA HEI-黃珈熹
    This document discusses behavioral approaches to health care using learning theories like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. It explains key concepts of operant conditioning including reinforcement, punishment, and different schedules of reinforcement. Applications of operant conditioning principles like shaping behaviors and using contingency contracts or token economies are also covered. The role of observational learning in adopting new health behaviors is described.

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    Tutorial - Behavioral Approach

    Uploaded by

    [4R13] WONG KA HEI-黃珈熹
    14 views17 pages
    This document discusses behavioral approaches to health care using learning theories like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. It explains key concepts of operant conditioning including reinforcement, punishment, and different schedules of reinforcement. Applications of operant conditioning principles like shaping behaviors and using contingency contracts or token economies are also covered. The role of observational learning in adopting new health behaviors is described.

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    This document discusses behavioral approaches to health care using learning theories like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. It explains key concepts of operant conditioning including reinforcement, punishment, and different schedules of reinforcement. Applications of operant conditioning principles like shaping behaviors and using contingency contracts or token economies are also covered. The role of observational learning in adopting new health behaviors is described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views17 pages

    Tutorial - Behavioral Approach

    Uploaded by

    [4R13] WONG KA HEI-黃珈熹
    This document discusses behavioral approaches to health care using learning theories like classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. It explains key concepts of operant conditioning including reinforcement, punishment, and different schedules of reinforcement. Applications of operant conditioning principles like shaping behaviors and using contingency contracts or token economies are also covered. The role of observational learning in adopting new health behaviors is described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Applied

    Psychology and
    Sociology
    Tutorial: Discussion on
    Behavioral approach on
    health care professional
    Learning Theories
    1. Classical Conditioning
    2. Operant Conditioning
    3. Observational Learning
    3

    Classical Conditioning

    • Classical conditioning: learning to make a reflex


    response to a stimulus other than the original,
    natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex
    4

    Operant Conditioning
    • Operant Conditioning refers to the learned
    association between voluntary actions and their
    consequences or outcomes.
    • Operant conditioning applies to voluntary
    behaviors – those over which we normally have
    conscious control
    • Learning takes place as a result of reinforcement
    and punishment
    The Concept of Reinforcement &
    Punishment
    Positive - delivery Negative - removal
    Reinforcement Positive Negative
    To  the probability reinforcement reinforcement
    of a behaviour
    Or

    Punishment Positive Negative punishment


    To  the probability punishment
    of a behaviour

    5
    6
    The Concept of Reinforcement

    • Reinforcement: any event or Stimulus, that when


    following a Response, increases the probability
    that the response will occur again
    – Primary reinforcer: any reinforcer that is
    naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic
    biological need, such as hunger, thirst, or touch
    – Secondary reinforcer: any reinforcer that
    becomes reinforcing after being paired with a
    primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or
    gold stars
    7

    Schedules of Reinforcement

    • Continuous reinforcement: reinforcement of each


    and every correct response

    • Partial reinforcement effect: a response that is


    reinforced after some—but not all—correct
    responses tend
    • to be very resistant to extinction
    8

    Schedules of Reinforcement

    • Fixed interval schedule


    • Variable interval schedule
    • Fixed ratio schedule
    • Variable ratio schedule
    9
    Applications of Operant Conditioning:
    Shaping and Behavior Modification
    • Behavior modification: use of operant conditioning
    techniques to bring about desired changes in
    behavior
    • Token economy: use of objects called tokens to
    reinforce behavior in which tokens can be
    accumulated and exchanged for desired items or
    privileges
    • Contingency contract: a formal, written agreement
    between the therapist and client in which goals for
    behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties
    are clearly stated
    10
    Applications of Operant Conditioning:
    Shaping and Behavior Modification

    • Self-modification: Anna finds it difficult to get out


    of bed in the mornings. She needed to address
    this urgently. She decided to get in some special
    treats for breakfast to tempt herself out of bed
    11

    Observational learning
    Learning new behavior by watching a model
    who performs that behavior
    • Attention: the learner must first pay attention to
    the model.
    • Memory: the learner must also be able to retain
    the memory of what was done
    • Imitation: the learner must be capable of
    reproducing, or imitating, the actions of the
    model.
    • Desire: the learner must have the motivation to
    perform the action.
    Lifestyle and behavior
    • Taking up a new health-related behaviour such
    as exercise requires extra time and space within
    an individual’s lifestyle, therefore, another activity
    will need to be displaced.
    • If exercise is to be maintained, it must be more
    reinforcing for the individual than alternative
    ways of using their time.
    • It is easier to diet if foods that increase weight
    are exchanged for similar quantities of food that
    are just as desirable but do not put on weight
    12
    Group Exercise 1: Exercise
    Regimen
    • The patient is a 20y/o college student who has type
    1 diabetes and normally walks each evening as part
    of her exercise regimen. She now plans to enroll in a
    swimming class to meet her physical education
    requirement.
    • Based on concepts of Operant conditioning, what
    adjustment in her intervention plan should the
    nurse make to help this patient?
    Group Discussion
    Group Exercise 2: Exercise
    Regimen
    • The patient is a 10y/o boy who is extremely obese.
    To avoid the risk of type 2 diabetes in childhood or
    cardiovascular disease in adulthood, his parents
    sent him to our hospital.
    • As his case nurse, based on concepts of operant
    conditioning, design an intervention plan for this
    patient.
    Group Discussion
    END

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