Nanotechnology and Its Application
Nanotechnology and Its Application
Nanotechnology and Its Application
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Analytical methods and Nano-sized materials
Image of ATP
synthase composed of
14subunits
Nanoparticles: Magnetic
nanoparticles (Ferromagnetic,
super paramagnetic), Gold,
Carbon nanotubes, Quantum
dots (Semiconductor
nanocrystals)
Future implications of nanotech
Bio-Technology Nano-Technology
Molecular Imaging
Molecular Switch
DNA barcode
Biochip / Biosensor
Nanotherapy / Bionano-machine /
Delivery Nano-Robot
Applications and Perspectives of Nanobiotechnology
Implementation
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
- Rapid and sensitive detection (Biomarkers,
Imaging)
- Targeted delivery of therapeutics
Drug development
- Understanding of life science
- Bio-Chips
- Lab-on-a-chip
Issues to be considered
Implementation
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Bionano-DNA as template
DNA is very suitable for nanotechnological applications
from the material science point of view:
Ultra-sensitive imaging
- Cancer detection, cell migration, gene expression,
localization of proteins, angiogenesis, apoptosis.
By combining different sized quantum dots within a single bead, scientists can create
probes that release distinct colors and intensities of light. When the crystals are
stimulated by UV light, each bead emits light that serves as a sort of spectral bar code,
identifying a particular region of DNA.
Quantum Dots
Ultraviolet Ultraviolet
light off light on
◀ Green QD filled
vesicles move toward
to nucleus (yellow
arrow) in breast
tumor cell
Quantum Dots Can
Find Cancer Signatures
Healthy cells
Healthy cells
Nanotech in Drug Delivery
Controlled drug-delivery systems deliver drugs in the optimum
dosage for long periods
increasing the efficacy of the drug
maximizing patient comfort
enhancing the ability to use highly toxic, poorly soluble or relatively
unstable drugs
Nanoscale materials can be used as drug delivery vehicles to
develop highly selective and effective therapeutic and diagnostic
systems
Nano vs micro
nanoscale particles can travel through the blood stream without
sedimentation or blockage of the microvasculature
Small nanoparticles can circulate in the body and penetrate tissues
nanoparticles can be taken up by the cells through natural means such
as endocytosis
NANO-PORE
Another interesting nanodevice is the nanopore. Improved methods of reading the
genetic code will help researchers detect errors in genes that may contribute to
cancer. Scientists believe nanopores, tiny holes that allow DNA to pass through
one strand at a time, will make DNA sequencing more efficient.
As DNA passes through a nanopore, scientists can monitor the shape and
electrical properties of each base, or letter, on the strand. Because these properties
are unique for each of the four bases that make up the genetic code, scientists can
use the passage of DNA through a nanopore to decipher the encoded information,
including errors in the code known to be associated with cancer.
Nanopores
Single-stranded
DNA molecule
A Single-
T A stranded
C Nanopore DNA
Nanopore
G molecule
T
Nanopore
Single-stranded
DNA molecule
Nanoshell
Gold
Near-infrared light
Nanodevice
Drug
Imaging
Reporting
Detection Targeting
Nanodevices Can Make Cancer Tests
Faster and More Efficient
Patient A Patient B
CONCLUSION
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