Week 3

Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY

Camarines Sur
MODULE 1
OVERVIEW OF QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION
Name of Students___________________________________ Week Number 3_______

Course Code: FOR4 Name of Faculty: Shirlene S Esplana
Course Title: Questioned Document Examination
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Discuss the basic points of obtaining standards specimen in conducting forensic

investigation;
2. Demonstrate the care the handling of documents
II. LESSON
1. Questioned Document Examinations

2. Basic Points of Obtaining Standards
3. Care and Handling of Documents
III. DISCUSSION
Questioned Document Examinations is a document which is in questioned because

of its origin, its contents, or circumstances regarding its production arouse suspicion
as to its genuine or it may adversely scrutinize simply because it displeases someone
Basic Points of Obtaining Standards
The most important factor in any document examination is the quality of standards
collected. The following are the basic points to consider in collecting standard
documents.
a. FOR COLLECTED/PROCURED STANDARD

1. The similarity of subject matter
a. Only the same kind of document must be compared.
i. Examples: Signature vs. Signature
a. Handwritten document vs. Electronic document
2. Amount of writing standards
At least seven (7) standard documents must be gathered. But the more
standard documents you gathered the better. This is to ensure that you will
be able to choose the right specimen to be compared to the document in
question.
3. Relative dates of the questioned and standard document.

The date of preparation must be five (5) years before and five (5) years after
the incident happened
4. Writing instruments and paper used
5. Writing Conditions
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Camarines Sur
b. FOR REQUESTED/DICTATED STANDARD

1. Text or content must be selected carefully
2. Do not allow anyone to see the questioned document.
3. Dictation must be repeated at least three times.
4. Dictation must be interrupted at an interval
5. Use the same writing instrument and paper as that of the questioned document.
6. Normal writing conditions should be arranged so that the writer feels to relax
during the process of dictation.
If you want to ask whether a person is the author of a specific document, you must not
let him or her see the document, and you must carefully choose the text or material
that you are going to dictate to prevent him or her from remembering how the
document was prepared or written.
Because this is going to be an opportunity for him to hide his real handwriting. You
also must dictate it slowly, and at least three times, to let him catch up and relax during
the writing process. Nervousness in the part of your subject may lead to tremor writing,
and it would be difficult for you to identify whether he is a real writer. And make sure
to use the same paper and writing instrument to easily determine the similarities of the
handwriting. And make sure you use the same paper and writing device to easily
determine the differences in handwriting.
ALTERATIONS- It is the process of changing something especially in a document.
Kinds:
a) ERASURE – the removal of writing, typewriting, or printing from a document

through either mechanical or chemical means
b) ADDITION – any matter made a part of the document after its original preparation
c) SUBSTITUTION – the replacing of the original writing, or part of such writing, with
another
d) INSERTION OR INTERLINEATION – the addition of writing and other material

between lines or
paragraphs, or the addition of a whole page to a document
e) OBLITERATION – the blotting out or smearing over the writing to make the original
invisible or indecipherable
Care and Handling of Documents
All documents must be handled with care especially when it is subject to examination.
• The document should be put in an envelope or folder not, in your pocket. Make
sure it is not folded.
• It should not be cut, torn, or in any manner mutilated in the slightest degree.
• It should not be touched with an eraser of any kind, nor with a pen, pencil, or sharp
instrument.
• It should not be folded in any new place; should not be folded unnecessarily.
• The document should not be wet.
• No chemical analysis should be made on the document except by special
permission.
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Camarines Sur
• Portions of the document, that are of particular importance should not be encircled
in any manner that the stokes or portions are affected.
IV. ASSESSMENT
Quiz will be posted in Moodle.
V. REFERENCES
1. Albert S. Osborn. Questioned Documents. Second Ed., Nelson Hall, Inc.,1989. p.

585
2. Casingham RC. The Dvorak Keyboard (1986); Mares, George C. The History of
the Typewriter (1985). Copyright (c) Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.
3. Duno, Joenard C. and Efondo, Violeta C. Handbook in Questioned Document
Examination with Laboratory Manual. 2021. Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc.
Quezon City
4. Manlusoc, Ariel C. Questioned Document., PCCR College of Criminology
5. Mendoza, Gregorio B. Forensic Laboratory Manual. Questioned Document
Examination. 2020. Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc. Quezon City
6. Panganiban & Varona, Questioned Document Examination, Hazard Safety &
Security Equipment. p. 2
7. Sorra, Mely E. 2011, FORGED or GENUINE? A Questioned Document Handbook,
Wiseman’s Book Trading, Inc., Quezon City
8. Sulner, Hannah F. Disputed Document
9. https://www.westernforensicdocumentexaminer.com/document-forgery/
10. Criminalistics Investigation. PNP Lecture
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Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY

Name of Students_____________________________ Week Number 3_

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Discuss the basic points of obtaining standards specimen in conducting forensic

1. Questioned Document Examinations

Questioned Document Examinations is a document which is in questioned because

Basic Points of Obtaining Standards

a. FOR COLLECTED/PROCURED STANDARD

3. Relative dates of the questioned and standard document.

b. FOR REQUESTED/DICTATED STANDARD

ALTERATIONS- It is the process of changing something especially in a document.

a) ERASURE – the removal of writing, typewriting, or printing from a document

d) INSERTION OR INTERLINEATION – the addition of writing and other material

Care and Handling of Documents

Quiz will be posted in Moodle.

1. Albert S. Osborn. Questioned Documents. Second Ed., Nelson Hall, Inc.,1989. p.

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