What is corsets?
• Corset is women’s undergarment, specially designed for reducing the waistline. It lifts the bust line to
give the illusion of a lithe torso and a squeezed in waist. 
There are two types of corset according to how much they cover.
• Under-bust: They cover from the hips to just under the bust.
• Over-bust: They cover the whole torso, including the bust.

What is jeans?
• Jeans are a type of pants or trousers made from denim or dungaree cloth. Often the term "jeans"
refers to a particular style of trousers, called "blue jeans", which were invented by Jacob W. Davis in
partnership with Levi Strauss & Co. in 1871 and patented by Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss on May 20,
1873. 
• Prior to the Levi Strauss patented trousers, the term "blue jeans" had been long in use for various
garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim.

Socks

Socks. a garment for the foot and lower part of the leg, typically knitted from wool, cotton, or nylon.
These are the types of socks you can opt for on any occasion you want to attend.
1. Thigh High Socks / Over The Knee Socks.
Thigh-high socks go above the knee and a perfect option for women when they are going to wear skirts.
Printed socks are also a great option if you want to add a fun element to the outfit.
Scottish men and women were famous for wearing thigh-high socks with knee-length skirts.
2. Knee High Socks.
Ladies utilize knee-length socks, ordinarily under their running shoes or boots, during winters. They go
about as a pad and add a layer to keep the feet warm.
These are utilized widely in the flying and hospitality businesses as a piece of the uniform. It is a type of
sock great for physical activities.
3. Over The Calf Socks / Executive Socks.
The Calf length socks are high for covering up the calf muscles and a bit below from your knee. Usually,
the people in the sports industry and athletes wear this kind of socks as a form of protection of their
feet and calf.
It is a sock for running as well and perfect for outdoor high intense physical activities.
4. Mid-Calf Socks
These mid-calf socks cover up to your calf muscles but do not entirely ride over your calf length. These
are generally woolen materials to keep your feet warm in winter, particularly for those who do physical
activities.
These types of socks come in fabrics like net and sheer for women.
Crew socks
For outdoor physical activities and in winters, crew socks are great for events like running or hiking.
These are six feet to eight feet long, so it depends on the leg’s length that it can go up to the calf
muscles. They give perfect protection as well as coverage.
It is suitable for informal and running shoes during winter activities.
5. Quarter Socks / Anklets
The quarter socks cover the feet above the ankles and till your shins. They provide you with excellent
coverage and protect your feet from the blisters you get in the back of the feet. Generally, men use
these kinds of socks for professional purposes, and women use them to protect their feet.
6. Ped / Low Cut Socks
These are short socks that fit slightly above the top edge of a shoe, with a ribbed edge – these are
usually worn with running shoes.
7. Ankle Socks / Liner or Extra Low Cut Socks
If you are thinking about what to wear with the low-cut shoes you own like loafers or casual shoes,
these socks are perfect for protecting your feet. This ankle-length sock covers your feet till the part of
ankles.
An ideal choice if you are going for a casual occasion. It will make you look sophisticated.
8. No Show Socks / Invisible Socks
This type of socks is thin and gives a protective layer that is perfect to wear them with loafers or shoes
like ballerinas. For saving your feet from stinking, it is better to wear socks like no show socks, which will
not display the socks yet will protect your feet from shoe bites or blisters. Both men and women can
wear these socks.
9. Toe Cover / Mute
These socks cover just the toes and mid arch of your foot. They are meant to be worn inside footwear
like moccasins, mules, slide shoes. Half socks aren’t meant to be worn with every shoe, but they’re
absolute must-haves for anyone who loves sneakers and hates sock bunching. These are sometimes
referred to as “toe topper socks,” or simply “toe socks. Half socks simply cut out the irritating sock
bunch.

1. Also known as a comfortable and casual sweater type- Sweatshirts

2. It is a frequently worn type of knitwear that’s ideal for layering. Cardigan Sweaters
3. A garment for the foot and lower part of the leg, typically knitted from wool, cotton, or nylon.
Socks
 4. A type of garment that originated in Mexico. Poncho Sweaters
5. It covers the feet above the ankles and till your shins. Quarter Socks/Anklets
6. A piece of clothing, typically with long sleeves and made from yarn, that is worn on the upper
part of the body. Sweater
7. This type of socks is thin and gives a protective layer that is perfect to wear them with loafers or
shoes like ballerinas. No Show Socks/Invisible Socks
8. It covers up to your calf muscles but do not entirely ride over your calf length. Mid-Calf Socks
9. It is a popular style in the fall and winter for both men and women. Turtleneck Sweaters
10. These socks cover just the toes and mid arch of your foot. Toe Cover/Mute

Types of Pants

 Baggy Pants
 Bell Bottoms
 Culottes
 Fatigue Trouser
 Jeans
 Harem Pants
 Hot Pants
 Jodhpurs
 Leggings
 Palazzo
 Pegged Pants
 Trouser
 Sailor Pants
 Straight Pants
 Stirrup Pants

 Stove Pipe
 Toreador Pants

Types of Shorts

 Bermuda
 Paper Bag
 Printed
 Pleated
 Scalloped
 Boyfriend
  Jamaican
 Board 
 Undies
 Beach
 Chino
 Wrap-Around
 Skorts
 Low-Rise
 High-Waisted
 Cut-Off
 Cycling or Bike
 Athletic
 Cargo
 Knee-length
 Knee-Hugger
 Pedal Pusher

DRESS AND SKIRTS

TYPE OF DRESSES 
1. SUNDRESS  
The term “sundress” was coined in the 1940s; however, the style of dress became
popular during the 1950s. Sundresses are casual dresses made with open  necklines and
light fabrics, such as cotton. Floral prints and cutouts are also  common in sundresses.
Sundresses are usually sleeveless and loose-fitting— making them an ideal outfit for
warm weather—and come in a variety of lengths  including mini dresses, midi dresses,
and wrap dresses. 
2. BLAZER 
For a business chic look, this style of dress looks like a cross between a dress and  a
jacket. Originally a garment for men, the blazer didn’t enter women’s wardrobe  until
designer André Courrègesit created the first pantsuit in 1964. The blazer  dress is a
feminine twist on a jacket that had long been associated with men’s  fashion. 
3. COCKTAIL 
The cocktail dress, or party dress, is a semi-formal dress style that falls knee length or
just below the knee. As the name suggests, cocktail dresses are great for  your typical
cocktail party, though they are versatile. In 1926, Coco Chanel  designed the little black
dress, making the iconic, yet simple piece a closet staple  and de facto cocktail dress. 
4. GOWN 
Also known as an evening dress, the gown is a formal dress with a floor-length  skirt. The
designs and fabrics used for these dresses are more elaborate and often  more
expensive, employing chiffon, tulle, silk, and satin. Gowns are often hand sewn with
beaded, sequin, or lace details. Gown silhouettes vary, from figure hugging styles, such
as mermaid dresses, to full skirt styles, such as ball gowns.  The off-the-shoulder gown is
a timeless look, which accentuates the shoulder  with a ruffle or lowered sleeve that
 falls at the bicep. Wedding guests will often  wear gowns if the wedding is a black-tie
event. 
5. WEDDING DRESS 
A wedding gown is a garment worn by the bride on the day of the wedding.  Wedding
dresses can be short dresses or full-length gowns, depending on  preference. In the US,
white dresses are commonly worn for weddings; however,  in other countries, wedding
gowns often come in a variety of colors. Frills, ruffles,  lace, and beading are often added
to wedding gowns to indicate the special  occasion. 

TYPE OF SKIRTS 
A comfortable pair of jeans may be your go-to for all seasons, but skirts can help you
seriously jazz up your look. Skirts are fun and flowy – think of the picture-perfect  moment
Monroe had! Simply add spring like romance to any occasion with a bright skirt  that kills. 
1. A-LINE SKIRT 
A-line type skirts come in various styles and you can opt for A-line maxi skirt  patterns or
A-line mini skirt patterns for business or casual affairs. For added  comfort and carrying
your essentials, you can choose an A-line skirt pattern with  pockets! 
2. BODYCON SKIRT 
Stripes are a great option when it comes to shifting between casual and formal  looks.
All you need to consider is the fit and style of the skirt, pleasing colors, a  proper top and
accessories that will help you make that shift. 
3. BOX PLEATED SKIRT 
Knit skirts somehow give a pleasant fall-winter feel and if you’re looking for a serious
fashion makeover, turn to a box pleat skirt pattern instead of trousers this season.  This
knitted skirt pattern will look amazing with a fitted blazer or a trench coat. With  this
look, you might even find yourself in a Devil Wears Prada moment. 
4. WRAP ROUND SKIRT 
Coachella might be gone but you can carry the vibe with you by wearing this wrap
around skirt. It has a beautiful print which is among the best wrap around skirt  patterns.
Add some more hippie influences to your look by combining the skirt with  a loose-fitted
top or a body-hugging top and some tie-up flats. If you’re exploring  the bohemian style,
you might even do it to the fullest by adding different layers of  accessories. If however,
you aren’t feeling brave take it down a notch and go for  simpler ones.
5. ASYMMETRICAL SKIRT 
Asymmetrical printed skirts are all the fad this season, you might as well give them a
try. Their hemline adds to your appeal and also gives you plenty of options to find a
complementing top. An asymmetrical skirt pattern adds a feminine and dramatic
aesthetic to your overall look. 
6. PENCIL SKIRT 
Graphic and abstract prints are the best options if you want to be a trend-setter.
Graphic skirts are artsy and spectacularly different from the rest which gives you an
edge. This skirt has a high waist with the best pencil skirt pattern. A turtle-neck top  will
look make you look drop-dead gorgeous or you can even try a spaghetti strap  top for a
rise on the hotness meter. The high waisted skirt pattern accentuates your  curves and
helps you be all fun and flirty. 
7. ETHNIC MAXI SKIRT 
 Ethnic prints need no introduction, whether it’s a festive day or just the one you  want
to spend at home, you can pick up an ethnic print maxi skirt. Choose cottons  for daily
affairs and pick dressy materials for an event. You can choose a top for such  a skirt
according to your comfort, a modern take can involve choosing an off shoulder while
you can go for crop-tops or blouses for an Indo-western look. You  can go online to
choose from the best maxi skirt pattern. 
8. TULLE SKIRT 
The affair with tulle had been written a long time ago, 1950’s was tulle’s biggest  decade
and then the style kept on rolling with time. If you’re willing to try a tulle  skirt, you
might as well do it in style and bring back the vintage fun. Try wearing it  with a tie down
shirt. 
9. LACE SKIRT 
Lace skirts look absolutely modern and sophisticated. A lace skirt can be the best
straight skirt pattern to opt for if you’re heading out. A crochet skirt pattern can be
paired with a basic tee, layered with a jacket for a casual day out. For a formal get up
you can team it with a well-fitted top and a blazer. If you stretch a little further, you
might be amazed to know the possibilities of pairing up a lace skirt; a chambray  shirt, a
colour-popping sweater, crop-top and leather jacket! 
10. FLARED SKIRT 
The most classic skirt to have is a monochrome full circle skirt pattern. You can find
some of the best-flared skirt patterns online. Black, whites or beautiful pastels, one
monochrome skirt is enough to make you rule the fashion space. Amp it up with a  luxe
silk top or experiment with different styles and material to get your desired  look. The
skirt is also the best plus size skirt pattern as it flatters the overall shape  and gives an
elegant grace to the body. 

FABRIC

Fabrics are used for making things such as clothes, curtains, and sheets. The word 'fabric' is
likewise derived from Latin, with Proto-Indo-European roots. The noun fabrica is derived from the Latin
faber, or 'artisan who works in hard materials,' which is derived from the Proto-Indo-European dhabh-,
meaning 'to fit together.' It was derived most recently from the Middle French fabrique, or 'building,
thing made,' and earlier from the Latin fabrica ('workshop; an art, trade; a skillful production, structure,
fabric'). Fabric is cloth or other material produced by weaving together cotton, nylon, wool, silk, or other
threads. Fabrics are used for making things such as clothes, curtains, and sheets.

Types of fabric, which are in the below:

 Woven fabric,
 Knit or knitted fabric,
 Non-woven fabric.

Woven fabric:
The fabrics which are produced by interlacing two sets of yarn

Types of clothing

1.This type of clothes is also known as the classic T-shirt.

a. Crewneck t-shirt        b. Cap Sleeves   c.  V- neck   d. Scoop neck
2.Its function is to provide safeguard to our body.
a. Blanket           b. PPE       c. Clothes    d. Jacket
3.A type of Top that exposes the abdomen.
a. Tank top        b. Craft top       c. Tube top     d. Crop top
4.A garment which usually covers most of the upper human body between the neck and the waistline.
a.  Clothes    b.  Top/ Tops   c. Dress    d. Gown
5.This type of top is usually made of denim fabrics.
a. T- shirt   b. Turtleneck    c. Jean top     d. Crop top

INFLUENCE IN FASHION WORLD

Charles Frederick Worth He was an English gentleman born in October 1825. The origin of fashion
designing dates as far back as 1826. Charles Frederick Worth is believed to be the first fashion designer
of the world, from 1826 to 1895. Charles, who was earlier a draper, set up a fashion house in Paris.

EMPHASIS

Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention. Usually the artist will
make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. They are could be different in size,
color, texture, shape, etc.

STAINS

1.The area of discoloration that penetrates the cloth surfaces.

2. This stain require a double treatment.
3. Produced by materials such as tea, coffee, fruit juice, food coloring, and ink.
4. Lubricating and cooking oils, butter machine grease, and similar substances produce
______ stains.
5. Should be removed before laundering.
Answer:
1. Stain
2. Combination stain
3. Non Greasy stain
4. Greasy stain
5. Stain

Cotton
Most cotton fabrics are “pre-shrunk”, which makes them highly durable. Cotton
garments can be machine-washed with any detergent. As with any fabric, reserve
bleach for whites. If bleach is needed for colored clothing, use color-safe bleach as
much as possible.

Synthetics (Polyester, Nylon, Spandex, etc.)

Synthetic fabrics don’t have the risk of shrinkage unlike more delicate fabrics, and are
resistant to water-based stains. However, friction makes them conducive to static
electricity.

3 TYPES OF FABRIC FINISHES

  1.Temporary Finishes - are the one which washes away on washing.
 2. Semi durable finishes - are the one which lasts more in terms of washing cycle than that of
temporary finishes.
          3. Durable finishes - finish as the name indicates is more susceptible to washes and can withstand
longer washing cycle if not for its lifetime. It is mostly done by altering with the fiber properties to
minimize the flaws in the fabric be it natural or man-made.

What is care labels?

- Care label means a permanent label or tag, containing regular care information and instructions,
that is attached or affixed in such a manner that it will not become separated from the product
and will remain legible during the useful life of the product.

CARE LABELS
The problem faced when you don’t follow the instruction on the care label:

Fabric ripping: Using very hard detergent can lead to weaking the fabric which will eventually lead to
garment just ripping off.

Garment shrinking: This can happen when you don’t follow the instruction given on the care label.
The garment just shrinks and now our favorite sweater is one size smaller.

Color fading: Using wrong detergent, process or water temperature can weaken the bond between
the die and the fabric which will cause the garment to shed its color. So now you have a greyish jean
instead of jet black.
Different Care Label Symbols

CLOTHING FOR VARIOUS OCCASSIONS

Edwardian dresses - Edwardian women flaunted skirts that were quite different from the skirts of the
previous generations.
Leather and suede gloves - Sueding is a leather working technique that raises the nap of a leather to
give a uniquely soft texture. This range of gloves has been carefully designed to emphasize the texture
and aesthetic of this beautiful material.

Leather jacket - A high-quality, well-fitting leather jacket will become a signature style piece to wear for
decades

1.What period was the flaunted skirt that was quite from the previous generations?
a. Leather                                          c. Edwardian
b. Sueding                                         d. Mom Jean
2.It is most often done with set of two pointed needles.
a. Yarn                                             c. Sueding
b. Crochet                                       d. Leather

3.It is a high quality and well-fitting and become a signature style to wear for decades
a. Leather jacket                           c. Crochet
b. Suede gloves                             d. Edwardian dresses

LOUNGE : WHITE TIE

  ____________ 1. It is the most formal dress code and is typically interpreted as a floor-length
gowns for women . ( WHITE TIE )
  ____________ 2. It is a lounge suit for men. ( TWO PIECE SUIT WITH A TIE )
   ____________ 3. It is the less formal version of morning dress or morning suit (the one you wear
to weddings), just as the dinner suit is the less formal version of evening dress or tailcoat (the one
you wear to fancy balls). ( LOUNGE SUIT )
   ____________ 4.   It is wear something that falls below the knee. ( LOUNGE SUIT FOR WOMEN )

           ____________ 5. It needs to be suitable for the workplace. ( PROPER ATTIRE )

Business Casual Attires

Business casual can range from a mix of blazers and work-appropriate tops to heels and button-downs in
the ever-changing professional dress world. Business casual is typically defined as no jeans, no shorts, no
short dresses or skirts for women, optional ties for men, and a rotation of button-downs or blouses.

Blazers and Jackets

While not always necessary, throwing on a well-cut blazer or jacket can add an extra professional
touch to your run-of-the-mill office ensemble.

Nice Pants or Slacks

Slacks or chino pants (commonly known as khakis) will ensure you’re well within your dress code
standards. A pair of khakis can be a particularly versatile tool in a business casual outfit, as they can
go well with formal and more casual shirts alike.

Pants
Tailored or wide-leg pants dress pants, chinos, or suit pants are always appropriate.

Blazers
Standard for both men and women in the office, blazers are a classic professional staple that seems
to be a universal element of a good dress code.

DRESSY CASUAL ATTIRE

The term Dressy casual Dressy casual means that you don’t have to look like you’re going
to work, but that true casual isn’t appropriate for the occasion. It is also a surprisingly common dress
code at weddings.

When to Wear Dressy Casual Attire?

Dressy casual is an ideal style choice for social occasions without clear dress codes. The style
choices in this dress code offer a balance between casual and formal wear, making it a safe option
for events.
 Casual weddings
 Networking events
 Fundraisers
 Church
 Dinner at a nice (but not fine dining) restaurant

Country Club Casual attire

The country club casual look is one of relaxed sophistication and is often the guideline for
outdoor corporate meetings, summer weddings and equestrian events.

When to wear Country Club Casual Attire?

 Cruise lines
 The country club
 Friend’s home for dinner
 Nice restaurant
 Picnic and walk in the park

SMART CASUAL
Smart casual  is a basically a combination of casual, business casual, and business dress codes where you
can combine them into a smart ensemble.
 Dress code has built-in rules or signals indicating the message being given by a person clothing and how
it is worn. This message may include indication of the person’s , income, occupation, social,  religion,
attitude, fashion, tradition and status.
Why are dress code important? It can convey sense of professionalism. It help make a good impression
on business client or customers.

Dress codes for different events:

Smart Casual
Dressy Casual
County Club Casual
Business Casual
Cocktail Casual
cocktail Attire
Lounge
White Tie
Black Tie
Creative Black Tie
Warm Weather Black Tie
Black Tie Optional

CLOTHING DESIGN: BALANCE

Symmetrical Balance or Formal Balance

 uses two identical objects and appears equal distant from the center or, on the both
side of garment by repetition in an arrangement of design element.  The applications of
symmetrical balance are for example, an straight hemline are the norm, patch pocket of
equal sides.
Asymmetrical Balance or Informal Balance  
 is when you have two dissimilar sides of a design and have positioned visual weight
unequally and created using asymmetrical features such as line, color, shapes, and
textures, and yet you've still achieved a sense of balance. The most common use of
informal balance is when a garment is constructed using fabric that has a diagonal line
design or closures that are off-centered such as a zipper or neckline.

Harmony
Harmony occurs when the overall design, garment, or ensemble achieves visual unity. It is also called
as UNITY of design. Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates
a sense of completeness. Unity is a difficult principle to define. Unity ensures the goal for the overall
look. A good balance between unity and variety must be established to avoid a chaotic or a lifeless
design.

Proportion
Proportion in fashion design is one of the most important principles, especially when applied to a
garment. It relates to different elements of a garment such as a number, size and amount.

Elements of Design: Shapes & Textures

1. Shape or Silhouette
A silhouette can be described as the outline of the entire garment. This is the most obvious
visual element of the garment. It creates the initial impact before any other details are noticed.
The shape formed by the outer lines of clothing is known as silhouette.

2. Texture
The texture of a clothing item is determined by the fibre content, yarns, and method of
construction used. Texture is defined as the surface quality of a garment.

2 types of texture:
- Tactile – can be touch
- Visual – can be seen

COLOR is the first element to which viewers respond. Color adds excitement, mood and emotion to
a design.

Three (3) Dimension of Color:

Hue is the name of the color

Value is how light or dark the color is.
Intensity is how bright or dull the color is.
 
LINE is one of the most essential elements of design. The term "line" in fashion refers to the visual
direction.
Fluidity is implied by lines.
Aperture is a narrow hole or gap
Gathering is a sewing technique for shortening the length of a strip of fabric so that the longer piece can
be attached to a shorter piece.
Tuck is a fold or pleat in fabric that is sewn or fastened in place.

1. Hue is the name of the color: for example, this dress is red (True)
2. Color is the first element to which viewers respond. Color adds excitement, mood and
emotion to a design. (True)
3. Aperture is implied by lines. (False)
4. Hue is how bright or dull the color is. (False) (Intensity)
5. A diagonal line normally slants from one side to the other and it tends to increase or
decrease in width, height and the direction to the height of the figure.(true)

Five Basic Functions of Clothing

1. Protection
 Clothing insulates from cold and keeps the sun from burning and
dehydrating the body in the heat.
 Construction workers, firefighters, and police officers need special clothing
for protection and
 Hospital workers wear gloves and facemask to protect themselves from
contamination.

2. Identification
 Clothing and accessories can identify people as members of a group.
 Uniforms can help us identify hotel staff, airline personnel, etc., uniform can
also identify athletic teams.

3. Modesty
 Various cultures have different standards or beliefs about acceptable ways
to cover the body with clothes.
 Modesty can be considered in different ways for men and women.
 Different time periods in history have varying degrees if modesty in clothing.

4. Status
 Clothing and accessories can show a person’s status or rank within a group.
 Members of the military or captain of a team might wear insignias to
indicate rank or status.
 Clothes or accessories might be used as status symbols by ordinary people.

5. Adornment
 Decorations, such as clothing jewelry, and cosmetics, that are worn to
enhance the appearance and attract attention.
 Adornment is used in some cultures to bring admiration and recognition.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRIC 
Cotton       
 A natural fabric made from fibers from the cotton plant, cotton is soft, breathable, and
washable.
Linen   
 Is another natural fabric, made from the flax plant. It tends to be more expensive than cotton,
but it’s stronger and likely to last longer.
Wool 
 Is a natural fabric made from animal hairs.  Wool is usually warm, strong, breathable, and
moisture-wicking, though it can be a bit itchy. 
Silk 
 One of the most luxurious high-fashion fabrics, silk is made from fibers produced by the
silkworm. 
Bamboo 
 Made from the fibers of the bamboo plant, bamboo fabric is good for clothing worn near the
skin because it’s hypoallergenic, insulating, and soft.
Leather 
 Made from the fibers of the bamboo plant, bamboo fabric is good for clothing worn near the
skin because it’s hypoallergenic, insulating, and soft.
Muslin 
 Is a type of plain-weave cotton fabric . It’s soft and light. It’s also sometimes called cheesecloth
as it’s used in some traditional cheesemaking.

Satin 
 Is actually a fabric weave rather than a type of fabric itself; other natural or artificial fibers are
spun to produce a very glossy, smooth finish.
Polyester
 Is a synthetic fabric that’s essentially a type of plastic.  It’s commonly used to make clothes and
home furnishings as it’s strong and stain-resistant, won’t shrink or stretch easily, and is easy to
care for. Also known as artificial silk, rayon fabric is a semi-synthetic fabric that’s made from
natural materials and chemicals. 
Lace 
 A delicate, decorative fabric made by hand or machine, lace has a web-like construct and
includes designs such as flowers, butterflies, and abstract patterns. 
 
Velvet   
 Is a soft, thick, luxurious fabric made with tufted fibers.