A Project Report On

Comparative Studies on Soft Drinks Like Pepsi, Mirinda, Lehar, 7up, Slice, Mazza (Session 2010-11)

Subiteed To: By: Mrs. Pallavi Swami (Lect. In Chemistry)

Submitted Sushmita Class XI

Roll No.

Apeejay School
Charkhi Dadri

VERIFICATION

The Project entitled Comparative Studies on Soft Drinks like Pepsi, Mirinda, Lehar 7up, Slice, Mazza has been completed under my supervision by Ms. Sushmita student of 11th Class, Session 2010-2011. This work in the project is result of student own efforts.

Mrs. Pallavi Sawami

P.G.T. Chemistry

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express any gratitude towards all those people who helped me in various ways in successful completion of the project. I also thank our lecturer Mrs. Pallavi Swami whose cooperation made this project work

possible, I am also thankful to our lab assistant Mr. Sant Lal as with our is help this project would not be a success. Susmita Class : XI

INDEX
Introduction Aim Appratus Chemicals Soft Drinks taken Procedure Observation Results Precautions Discussions Conclusions 3 4 5 6 8 17 18 19 21 1 2

INTRODUCTION

In this dynamic third world, life is full of struggle and tension. People seem to be running from place to place in search of their destination. For most of them who have to remain outdoor, for long hours, nothing is as refreshing as a bottle of chilled soft drinks. But no one really bothers to know what he is drinking.

In this project I am representing a detailed stud y of different drinks which are popular in

India. I have analysed their colur, flavour, Co2, content etc. and tried to find out whether these soft drinks contain sucrose, glucose or C2H5OH.

AIM
To Analyse the Composition of Various Soft Drinks and to

Assess their suitability for drinking.

APPARATUS USED

Few Test Tubes

Test Tube Stand Stop Watch Test Tube Holder Wash Bottle Spirit Lamp Beakers Bottle Opener

CHEMICALS
Alpha Napthal Ethyl Alcohol Conc. Sulphuric Acid Fehlings Reagent Iodine Sodium Hydroxide

Molisch Reagent

Soft Drinks Taken

Pepsi Mirinda

Lehar 7up---

Slice Maaza

PROCEDURE
1. 2. Name the bottles in the order of drinks taken. CO2 Test : Take the bottles as listed and open them with a bottle opener. Now with the help of a stop watch note down the time for which the effervescence take place
3.

Colors : Note down the color of each drinks in a tabular form.

4.

Flavors : Note down the flavor of each drinks by taking a sip from each of the bottle of the soft drink.

5.

Sucrose test : Take a small quantity of each drink in different test tubes. Prepare Molisch solution which is prepared by dissolving Alpha- Naphthol. In alcohol addition is not

Necessary as small amount of alcohol is present in soft drinks as determined through Etherification Test. But to guarantee the success of the 100% alcohol is mixed with Alpha-Naphthol and this solution to soft drinks. Also add Sulphuric acid to test tubes, appearance of Voilet Colour indicates sucrose.

Test for Glucose

1. FENLINGS SOLUTION TEST
This solution consists of two mixtures i.e. CuSO4+NH4OH and sodium tartarate. Complex cupric are provided by fehlings solution to it. Warm these tubes in water bath. Formation of red ppt. of cuprous oxide indicates the presence of glucose.

2.

BENEDICTS SOLUTION TEST

Taken a new set of tubes. Add small quantities of different

soft drinks to test tubes. Add small amount of benedicts solution to each of the test tubes. A reddish ppt is formed showing the presence of glucose.

3.

SCHIEFS REAGENT TEST

Addition of equal amount of sciffs reagent to test tubes

containing soft drinks gives lime colour showing presence of glucose.

4.

TOLLENS TEST
It is made by addition of NH4OH to AgNO3 until the

brown ppt. of silver oxide. First formed is an oxide contains silver ions as a complex with Ammonia (Ag(NH3)2). Add Tollens Reagent in each test tube containing soft drinks. Keep these test tubes in hot water for 5 minutes and then shake it. A mirror like ppt. forms on the inner side of the test tube called silver mirror shows the presence of ddehyde.

5.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

Take small quantities of soft drinks in test tubes and add acetic acid (CH3COOH) to each of the test tube. Also add a small quantity of Conc. H2SO4 warm it, a fruity smells confirms the presence of ethanol.

NOTE: Iodoform test id not effective, as quantity of C2H5OH is negligible in soft drinks. Moreover other constituents hinders the test.

Observation table no. 1 (Time for which Gas Was Evolved)

S.No.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Name of the Soft Drink

Pepsi Lehar 7UP Mirinda Slice Maaza

Time Taken
8 Seconds 6 Seconds 5 Seconds 3 Seconds No Gas Evolved

Observation table no. 2 (Color and Flavor of different soft drinks)

Sr. No. Name of the Soft Color Drink

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pepsi Lehar7UP Mirinda Slice Maaza Brown Lime

Flavor
Alcoholic Lemon

Orange Orange Mango Mango

Yellow Fruit Juice

Observation table no. 3 (Surose Test by the addition of AlphaNaphthal)

S. Name of the Soft No. Drink
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pepsi Lehar7UP Mirinda Slice Maaza

Colour
Violet Violet Violet Violet Violet

Flavour
Present Present Present Present Present

Observation table no. 4 (Glucose test by Fehlings Solution)

RCHO +2CU + 5OH = RCOO + Cu O + 3H2O (Red Pdt.)
2

S. Name of the Soft Color No. Drink

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pepsi Lehar7UP Mirinda Slice Maaza Red Red Red Red Red

Flavor
Present Present Present Present Present

Observation table no. 5 (Ethanol Test by Esterification)

S. Name of the Soft Color No. Drink
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pepsi Lehar7UP Mirinda Slice Maaza Violet Violet Violet Violet

Flavor
Present Present Present Present

Odourle Absent ss

Observation table no. 6 (Confirmatory Test for CO2)

(The gas evolved from each bottle was passed through lime water.)
Experiment
1. The colourless and

Observation
The lime water turns milky

Inference
Confirms the presence of gas evoled as CO2 this test also confirms the presence of carbon-ate anions. Presence of CO 2/3

odourless gas evoled CO2 + Ca(OH)2 with brisk effervescence was passed through lime water 2. Pss the gas through solution of MgSO4 Co2/3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 +SO2/4 (While ppt.) CaCO3+ H2O

RESULTS

1. The CO2 contents under pressure was in order Pepsi, Lehar7Up, Mirinda, Slice. There was corbondioxide in Maaza. 2. Sucrose is present in all the drinks. 3. Glucose is also present in all the drinks in the order : Slice, Mirinda, Lehar 7Up, Pepsi 4. Ethanol is present in all the drink in the order of Peopsi, Lehar 7UP, Mirinda, Slice, There was ethanol in Maaza.

Precautions

1. 2.

The test Tube should be numbered in this experiment. The test tubes should be thoroughly cleaned after each experiment so that there is no contamination of the chemicals.

3.

The bottle should not be shaken before opening.. This will result in effervescence for carbondioxide evolution for shorter interval.

4.

Colour and flavour should be noted carefully

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS

From the above experiment we conclude thet all soft drinks have certain amount of glucose, sucrose and ethy1 alcohal besides some CO2 ges under pressure expcept the Fruit Juice.

These drinks do not contain fruit juice but artificially flavoured, synthetic dies, flavours, preservations emulsifiers and antifoaming agents are used for special efforts and effects. It is not possible to detect all the contents of the drinks as it commercially secret and because of limited equipments.

Excessive intake of soft drinks has been found to wholesome nutritional feeds from the diet. According to Dr. Charles best discoverer of Insuloin, over indulgence no nutrition and diminish the appetite foe nutrious feeds. This leads to liver damage and may end up in serious condsequences and cirrhosis of liver. There is enough evidence that Cola drinks contain caffeine in varying enough amount to cause abdominal hyperactive behaviours in children. The caffeine has been linked to addiction, heart disease, behaviour problems and birth effects. So, Cola drinks are injurious to our Health.

Bibliography
The various books consulted during the completion of the project are: 1. Physical Chemistry By Puri and Sharma 2. Practical Chemistry By S.K. Kundra 3. Laboratory Manual Chemistry By B. Sharma 4. Compressive Chemistry By Yadav, Khanna and Kapila Verma