SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL
BIOLOGY 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
& Cell Types

Region I
ALAMINOS CITY DIVISION
Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Project Write, Write, Write
Alternative Instructional
Module
Science: General Biology 1 G11/12
Alternative Instructional Module
Quarter 1 –Module 2: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells & Cell Types
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Alaminos City Division

Schools Division Superintendent: Lorna G. Bugayong, PhD, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Aguedo C. Fernandez, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Angin A. Camba
Editors: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Cynthia B. Tablang
Reviewers: Cecilia M. Nisperos, Cynthia B. Tablang
Illustrators: Aldrin R. Gomez, Richard T. Isidro
Layout Artist: James Ronald V. Santiago
Management Team: Dr. Lorna G. Bugayong, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent
Aguedo C. Fernandez, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Wilfredo E. Sindayen, Division CID Chief
Ronald B. Radoc, EPS, LRMS
Cecilia M. Nisperos., EPS, Science

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education: Region I – Alaminos City Division

Office Address: San Jose Drive, Poblacion, Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Telefax: (075) 205-0644

E-mail Address: alaminos.city@deped.gov.ph

ii
 11/12
GENERAL
BIOLOGY 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
& Cell Types

iii
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the General Biology 1 G11/12, Alternative Instructional Module, Quarter
1- Module 2: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells & Cell Types!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

iv
For the Learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 G11/12, Alternative Instructional Module, Quarter

1- Module 2: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells & Cell Types!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

v
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

vi
 What I Need To Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master cells and biological molecules. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

• Lesson 2: Cell Types

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their
distinguishing features. (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3)
Day 1. compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

• Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the
functions of each. (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-4)
Day 2 & 3. classify different cell types of animal tissue and specify
the functions of each.
a. stem cells
b. blood cells
d. nerve cells
e. neuroglial cell
f. muscle cell
g. bone cells
h. skin cells
i. sex cells

Day 4. classify different cell types of plants and specify the functions
of each
a. parenchyma cells
b. collenchyma cells
c. sclerenchyma cells

1
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Direction. Read the following questions carefully and choose
the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Select the statement about red blood cells that is INCORRECT.

A. Mature red blood cells lack nuclei.
B. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin.
C. Deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen.
D. Red blood cells lack mitochondria.

2. The type of white blood cell that often arrives at the site of infection first,
is a granulocyte, and contains granules that stain light purple is a
_______________.
A. basophil
B. eosinophil
C. neutrophil
D. monocyte

3. The largest cells in the blood that leave the bloodstream to become
macrophages are the _______________.
A. basophils
B. eosinophils
C. monocytes
D. neutrophils

4. A person with eosinophilia, or greater than normal numbers of

eosinophils, is most likely suffering from ____________.
A. allergies
B. anemia
C. diabetes
D. open wound

5. Which of these cell types should NOT be grouped with the others?
A. Basophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Lymphocyte
D. Neutrophil

2
6. Which white blood cell is NOT phagocytic?
A. Eosinophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Monocyte
D. Neutrophil

7. Antibodies are defense substances produced by the _____ cells.

A. B-lymphocyte
B. Leukocyte
C. Monocyte
D. T-lymphocyte

8. The four main functional types of T cells include all, EXCEPT?

A. Helper cells
B. Plasma cells
C. Cytotoxic cells
D. Suppressor cells

9. In prokaryotes, the hair-like outgrowths which attach to the surface of

other bacterial cells is _______.
A. capsule
B. flagella
C. pili
D. plasmids

10. When a water sample from a hot thermal vent was tested, it was found
to contain a single-celled organism having a cell wall lacking a nucleus.
What is its classification most likely?
A. Archaea
B. Eukarya
C. Fungi
D. Protista

11. The process of recombination in prokaryotes takes place in this way

____.
A. conjugation
B. transduction
C. transformation
D. All of the above
12. The cell wall of eubacteria is made up of ______.
A. cellulose
B. chitin
C. peptidoglycan
D. phospholipids

3
13. In some bacteria, there is a slimy layer outside to cell wall considered as
virulence factor is called ______.
A. capsule
B. fimbriae
C. outer layer
D. plasmid

14. Which of the following term is used to describe the process by which
cells transport in particulate matter?
A. Endocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis

15. Which of the following cell is the mature bone cell?

A. Chondrocyte
B. Chondroblast
C. Osteocyte
D. Osteoclast

4
 Lessons PROKARYOTIC VS EUKARYOTIC
CELLS AND CELL TYPES
1&2

Cell may be divided into two major categories- prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells. The differences lie mainly on the presence of internal
compartmentalization that is necessary for more specialized cell functions.

What’s In

Activity 1 (Day1)
Direction: Study the diagrams of the plant and animal cell. Label their parts
and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

5
 What’s New

Activity 2 (Day1)
Direction: What do you think are the similarities of these organisms? Group
them according to their similarities based on their cell types.Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

What is It

Process Questions:
1. How did you come up with your answer?
2. What feature of each cell did you use to group them?
3. How do these special features increase their survival rate?

Read the following concepts for you to gain better understanding about
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and cell types.

6
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes
• Single- celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms
of life on earth
• They are smaller in size compared to eukaryotes.Their small size
allows ons and organic molecules that enter them to quickly diffuse
to other parts of the cell.
• Similarly,any wastes produced within it can quickly diffuse out.
• Many prokaryotes are extremophiles and are able to thrive in various
types of extreme environments including hydrothermal vents, hot
springs, swamps, wetlands etc.
DOMAIN OF BACTERIA
❑ Bacteria (also known as eubacteria or “true bacteria”) are prokaryotic
cells that are common in human daily life . These can be found almost
everywhere.
❑ Characteristics
o They have membranes composed unbranched fatty acid chains
attached to glycerol
o The cell walls of Bacteria contain peptidoglycan
o Bacteria are sensitive to traditional antibacterial antibiotics but
resistant to most antibiotics that affects Eukarya.
o Bacteria contain rRNA that is unique to them

7
DOMAIN OF ARCHAEA
❑ Archaea is a group of a single celled prokaryotic organisms. They have
no cell nucleolus or any other organelles inside their cells.
❑ They often live in extreme environments such as volcanic vents and
permafrost
❑ Characteristics
o Archaea have membranes composed of branched hydrocarbon
chains attaches to glycerol
o The cell walls contain no peptidoglycan
o Archaea are not sensitive to some antibiotics that affect bacteria
o Archaea contain rRNA that is unique to them

COMPONENTS OF PROKARYOTIC CELLS

I. CAPSULE
❑ Found in some bacterial cells. It assists in retaining moisture,
and helps the cell adhere to surfaces and nutrients.
II. PLASMA MEMBRANE
❑ The plasma membrane surrounds the cell’s cytoplasm and
regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.
III. CYTOPLASM
❑ It is a gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also
contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic
molecules.
IV. RIBOSOME
❑ Are cell structures responsible for protein production
V. CELL WALL
❑ It is an outer covering that protects the bacterial cell and gives it
shape.

8
 VI. PILI
❑ Hair- like structures on the surfaces.
VII. FLAGELLA
❑ Are long, whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion.
VIII. NUCLEIOD REGION
❑ Area of the cytoplasm that contains single bacterial DNA
molecule

Eukaryotes
❑ organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by
internal membranes and a cytoskeleton.
❑ Eukaryotes are much larger in size than prokaryotes ranging from 10
– 100 micrometer in diameter.(Prokaryotes have 0.1-5.0 micrometer in
diameter)
❑ Their size is never a disadvantage because eukaryotic cells developed
different structural adaptations to enhance intracellular transport.
❑ The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus.
❑ Example of eukaryotes are: animals, plants, fungi, and protists

Form Follows Function

❑ The phrase "form follows function" is derived from the famous saying
of skyscraper architect Louis Sullivan, whose exact words were "form
ever follows function." This is a particularly useful idea for biologists,
who can see that structure and function go hand in hand, especially
when it comes to cells, where the disruption of one aspect can lead to
failure in another. It means the shape of a building or object should
primarily relate to its intended function or purpose.

Differences Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC CELL

Nucleus Present Absent
Number of Chromosomes more than one One-but no true chromosome:
Plasmids
Cell Type Usually multicellular Usually unicellular
True Membrane Bound Present Absent
Nucleus
Example Animals and plants Bacteria and archaea
Genetic Recombination Meiosis and fusion of gametes Partial, unidirectional transfers
DNA
Microtubules Present Absent or rare
Endoplasmic Reticulum Present Absent
Mitochondria Present Absent
Cytoskeleton present May be absent
Flagella Microscopic in size Submicroscopic in size
Permeability of Nuclear Selective Not present
Membrane
Plasma Membrane with Yes Usually no
Steroid
Cell Wall Only in plant cell and fungi Usually chemically complexed
Vacuoles present present
Cell Size 10-100 um 1-10 um
Cell Types
9
1. Stem Cells. Not only this, these “magic” cells even have the power to
replicate into healthy cells in order to speed up regeneration after certain
pathological conditions. The process that allows stem cells to transform
into any kind of cell is known as Cell Differentiation.

I. 2 Types of Stem Cell

• Adult Stem Cell (somatic stem cell). Stem cells that are present
throughout the human body. They exist in order to repair and
maintain surrounding specialized tissues. Stem cells can generate
different cell types for the specific tissue or organ in which they live.
These stem cells have been found in tissues such as the brain, bone
marrow, blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscles, skin, and the liver.
• Embryonic Stem Cell. They are PLURIPOTENT, the ability to
differentiate into almost all cell types. Embryonic stem cells are
obtained from early-stage embryos — a group of cells that forms
when a woman's egg is fertilized with a man's sperm in an in vitro
fertilization clinic. Because human embryonic stem cells are
extracted from human embryos, several questions and issues have
been raised about the ethics of embryonic stem cell research.

2. Blood cells

I. Red Blood Cell. Also known as erythrocytes, red blood

corpuscle. They are shaped like a biconcave disc (I.e. donut
shaped). Red blood cells are fairly flexible, allowing them to
squeeze through thin blood capillaries.
• Functions:
▪ Transport oxygen around the body
using hemoglobin.
▪ Control pH of the blood by forming an
acid-base buffer maintaining the blood
at a neutral pH of 7.35 to 7.45 by
releasing an enzyme called carbonic
anhydrase, which causes water in the
blood to carry carbon dioxide.
▪ Only little carbon dioxide is carried in the hemoglobin of
the red blood cell in the form of carboxy-hemoglobin to be
expelled from our body.

II. White Blood Cell. Also known as leukocytes, white blood

corpuscle. They are vital component of the immune system.

10
• 2 Main categories of WBC
i. Granulocytes contain granules in the cytoplasm.
a. Neutrophils. The most common
type of white blood cell in the body.
It has irregular nuclei and many
granules that perform various
functions within the cell. They kill
germs by means of a process known
as phagocytosis or “cell-eating”.
Besides eating bacteria one-by-one,
the granules inside the cytoplasm are packets of
enzymes that digest the intruders, break them down,
and eventually destroys them.
b. Eosinophils. The cells release the
specialized enzyme histaminase and
arylsulfatase B which are involved in
the inflammatory response. It also
destroy foreign substances. Increase
during an allergic reaction,
parasitic infection like worms and
parasites, autoimmune diseases and
certain types of cancer.
c. Basophils. Basophils are the least
frequent type of white blood cell.
They have the ability to secrete
anticoagulants and antibodies that
have function against
hypersensitivity reactions in the
bloodstream.
d. Natural Killer Cells. They can kill
tumor cells or cells infected with a
virus. NK cells also have the ability
to sense stressed cells. They will
seek them out and destroy them
before they do any harm. Therefore,
they serve as a role as the sentinels
of the body.

ii. Agranulocytes have no granules.

a. Monocytes. They have a large kidney bean
shaped nucleus. Monocytes circulate in the
bloodstream between one and three days
before entering the tissues of the
body where they become
macrophages. Macrophages are
large phagocytic cells that engulf
and kill dead cells and bacterial
cells.

11
b. Lymphocytes. Lymphocytes can be divided into two
different types, B-cells and T-cells.
▪ T cells (T lymphocytes) come in two different types,
helper cells and killer cells. They are named T cells
after the thymus, an organ situated under the
breastbone. T cells are produced in the
bone marrow and later move to the
thymus where they mature.
❖ Helper T cells. The primary task
is to activate B cells and killer T
cells.
❖ Killer T cells (Cytotoxic T cells). Specialized in
attacking cells of the body infected
by viruses and sometimes also by
bacteria. It can also attack cancer
cells. It has receptors that are used
to search each cell that it meets. If a
cell is infected, it is swiftly killed.
❖ T Memory cells. T cells can also
produce memory cells with an even
longer life span than B memory cells
▪ B cells ( B lymphocytes). They make
antibodies, which is one of the final steps
in disease resistance. When B
lymphocytes make antibodies, they prime pathogens
for destruction and then make memory cells ready
that can go into action at any time, remembering a
previous infection with a specific pathogen.
❖ Plasma Cells. Specialized in producing a specific
protein, called an antibody, that will respond to
the same antigen that matched the B cell
receptor. Antibodies are released from the plasma
cell so that they can seek out intruders and help
destroy them. Plasma cells produce antibodies at
an amazing rate and can release tens of
thousands of antibodies per second. Antibodies
also neutralize toxins and incapacitate viruses,
preventing them from infecting new cells.
❖ B Memory Cells. These cells have a prolonged
life span and can thereby "remember" specific
intruders. The second time an intruder tries to
invade the body, B and T memory cells help the
immune system to activate much faster. The
invaders are wiped out before the infected human
feels any symptoms. The body has achieved
immunity against the invader.

12
 III. Platelets. Also known as thrombocytes.

• Technically platelets are fragments of cells

rather than true cells, but are vital in the
control of bleeding.
• As megakaryocytes develop into giant cells, they
undergo a process of Fragmentation
Fragmentation or clonal fragmentation in
multi cellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual
reproduction or cloning in which an organism is split into
fragments. That results in the release of over 1,000 platelets per
megakaryocyte.

3. Nerve Cells (Neurons)

• Commonly known as
neurons, transmit
information throughout the
body in the form of electrical
signals or nerve impulses.
Structurally, neurons have
four specific regions; the cell
body, dendrites, the axon
and axon terminals.

4. Neuroglial Cells
• More commonly known as glial cells or glia, are cells of the
nervous system that are not involved in the conduction of
nervous impulses.

• 4 Types:
I.Astrocytes are found in the
brain and spinal cord,
and have a star-like
appearance. They are
involved in the
maintenance of the
chemical environment
required for neuron
signaling.
II. Oligodendrocytes are
responsible for forming a
lipid-rich myelin sheath
around axons, increasing
the speed at which
action potentials are
conducted.
III. Microglial cells are very small and are involved in
the removal of debris from sites of injury.

13
 IV. Ependymal cells line the ventricles and central canal
of the brain to produce cerebrospinal fluid.

5. Muscle Cells
• Also called as Myocytes and are
present in muscle tissue. They
are rich in proteins Actin and
Myosin.
• They are of three types as
Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth
Muscle Cells.

6. Bone Cells

I. Osteoclast. Involved in Bone Resorption. Breaks down bone

by forming sealed compartments on its surface, and
releasing enzymes and acids. After they complete the
process, they die by Apoptosis (programmed cell death).
II. Osteoblasts. They are involved in the generation of new bone
known as Bone Remodeling.
III. Osteocytes. Secrete growth factors which activate bone growth
in response.
IV. Lining Cells. They line the surface of the bone and are
responsible for the release of calcium from the bone into the
bloodstream when it falls too low.

7. Skin Cells
I. Keratinocytes generate the
protein keratin, but are also
important in protecting the
body by blocking toxins and
pathogens, and preventing
loss of heat and moisture.
II. Melanocytes in the skin
produce the pigment
melanin, which determines skin coloration.

14
 III. Merkel cells act as mechanosensory cells and are involved in
touch reception (the ability to feel).

8. Sex Cells
• Sexual reproduction is the result
of the fusion of two different
types of sex cells called gametes.
Male sex cells are commonly
known as sperm cells, or
spermatozoa, and female
gametes are known as eggs or
ova. When they fuse together,
fertilization occurs and a zygote
is formed.

9. Plant Cells
I. Parenchyma cells are usually depicted as the typical plant cell
because they are not very specialized. These cells synthesize
and store organic products in the plant. Most of the plant's
metabolism takes place in these cells.
• Importance
❖ Photosynthesis
❖ Storage of air
❖ Storage of water and
minerals
• Types
❖ Palisade Parenchyma
performs photosynthesis
where the rate is very
high because of high
chlorophyll content
❖ Spongy Parenchyma
acts as a air storage.
II. Collenchyma Cells have a
support function in plants,
particularly in young plants.
These cells help to support
plants while not restraining
growth due to their lack of secondary walls and the absence of
a hardening agent in their primary walls.

15
 III. Sclerenchyma Cells also have a support function in plants but
unlike Collenchyma cells, they have a hardening agent and are
much more rigid.
• Important points
❖ Most abundant cells in plants.
❖ Spherical cells which flatten at point of contact.
❖ Large vacuoles for storage of starch, fats, and tannins
(denature proteins)

Time to check your understanding. Ready?

What’s More

Activity 3 (day 1)
Direction. Put the words from the word bank into the Venn-diagram
comparing prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Present your answer as shown
below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

PROKARYOTES BOTH
EUKARYOTES

16
No Nucleus Have Ribosomes Includes everything that’s not bacteria No organelle
Have organelles Have DNA Are very abundant Have cytoplasm Have a sticky capsule
Can be unicellular or multicellular All cells have cell walls Have cell membrane
Some have flagella Have cytoskeleton Some have cilia Were the 1st cells All are bacteria
Small and simple Live a wide variety of environments Have nucleus All are unicellular

Activity 4 (Day 2)
Direction: I. Compare plant (eukaryote), animal (eukaryote) and prokaryotic
cells. Fill in the following information in the table. Present your answer as
shown below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

EUKARYOTIC CELL
CHARACTERISTICS PROKARYOTIC CELL PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
True Nucleus
( present, not
present )
Size of Cell
( large, small )
Describe the
complexity of Cell
( simple, complex )
Membrane bound
organelles
( present, not
present )
Cell wall
( present , not
present)
Ribosomes
( present, not
present )
Flagella
( present, not
present )
Chloroplasts
( present, not
present )
Vacuole
( present, not
present )

II. In the context of cell biology, what do you mean by FORM FOLLOWS
FUNCTION? Give 1 example of this concept.

17
Activity 5 (Day 3)
Direction: Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the
letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B ANSWER

1. Cells have the power to replicate into a. Neurons
healthy cells in order to speed up
regeneration after certain pathological
conditions.
2. These cells synthesize and store organic b. Merkel Cells
products in the plant.
3. These cells have a prolonged life span and c. Thrombocytes
can thereby "remember" specific
intruders.
4. Cells that transmit information d. Neuroglial Cells
throughout the body in the form of
electrical signals or nerve impulses.
5. The most common type of white blood cell e. Somatic Stem Cells
in the body.
6. It acts as mechanosensory cells and are f. B Memory Cells
involved in touch reception
7. Release chemicals that cause the blood g. Lymphocytes
protein fibrinogen to be converted to
fibrin.
8. More commonly known as GLIAL CELLS, h. Neutrophil
are cells of the nervous system that are
not involved in the conduction of nervous
impulses.
9. Originate in the bone marrow but migrate i. Parenchyma Cells
to parts of the lymphatic system such as
the lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.
10. They attack and kill parasites, destroy j. Eosinophils
cancer cells, and help with allergic
responses.

What I Have Learned

Activity 6 (Day 4)
Direction: Fill-in the missing word/words to complete the statement. Write the
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ____________ have membranes composed of branched hydrocarbon

chains attaches to glycerol.

2. Male sex cells are commonly known as _____________.

18
 3. ______________ are specialized in producing a specific protein, called
an antibody.

4. Basophils have the ability to secrete ______________ and ______________

that have function against hypersensitivity reactions in the
bloodstream.

5. ________________ help to support plants while not restraining growth

due to their lack of secondary walls and the absence of a hardening
agent in their primary walls.

6. Nerve cells are commonly known as ____________.

7. Keratinocytes generate the protein ____________, but are also

important in protecting the body by blocking toxins and pathogens,
and preventing loss of heat and moisture.

8. Nucleoid region rea of the cytoplasm that contains single bacterial

_________________.

9. Natural Killer cells can kill _______________ or cells infected with a

virus.

10. ______________ assists in retaining moisture, and helps the cell adhere
to surfaces and nutrients

What I Can Do

Activity 7 (Day 4)
Direction: Calculate the overall amount (ml) for each of the following
components: water, solutes, RBC’s, WBC”s and Platelets present in the blood
based on the following percentages. Write your answer on separate sheet of
paper.
Plasma (55%) a. 92% water b. 8% solutes
Formed Elements (45%) a. 95% RBC’s b. 5% WBC’s and platelets

1. 150 ml of blood

❖ Water ______________
❖ Solutes ______________
❖ RBC’s ______________
❖ WBC’s &
Platelets ______________

19
 2. 200 ml of blood

❖ Water ______________
❖ Solutes ______________
❖ RBC’s ______________
❖ WBC’s &
Platelets ______________

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate of paper.

1. When a water sample from a hot thermal vent was tested, it was found to
contain a single-celled organism having a cell wall lacking a nucleus.
What is its classification most likely?
A. Archaea
B. Eukarya
C. Fungi
D. Protista

2. The process of recombination in prokaryotes takes place in this way

A. Conjugation
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. All of the above

3. The cell wall of eubacteria is made up of

A. Cellulose
B. Chitin
C. Peptidoglycan
D. Phospholipids

4. The largest cells in the blood that leave the bloodstream to become
macrophages are the _______________.
A. basophils
B. eosinophils
C. monocytes
D. neutrophils

20
5. A person with eosinophilia, or greater than normal numbers of
eosinophils, is most likely suffering from ____________.
A. allergies
B. anemia
C. diabetes
D. open wound

6. Which of these cell types should NOT be grouped with the others?
A. Basophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Lymphocyte
D. Neutrophil

7. Which white blood cell is not phagocytic?

A. Eosinophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Monocyte
D. Neutrophil

8. Antibodies are defense substances produced by the _____ cells.

A. T-lymphocyte
B. monocyte
C. B-lymphocyte
D. Leukocyte

9. The four main functional types of T cells include all except one.
A. Cytotoxic cells
B. Helper cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Suppressor cells

10. In prokaryotes, the hair-like outgrowths which attach to the surface of

other bacterial cells is _____.
A. Capsule
B. Flagella
C. Pili
D. Plasmids

11. In some bacteria, there is a slimy layer outside to cell wall considered as
virulence factor is called
A. Capsule
B. Fimbriae
C. Outer layer
D. Plasmid

21
12. Which of the following term is used to describe the process by which
cells transport in particulate matter?
A. Endocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Phagocytosis
D. Pinocytosis

13. Which of the following cell is the mature bone cell?

A. Chondroblast
B. Chondrocyte
C. Osteoclast
D. Osteocyte

14. Select the statement about red blood cells that is INCORRECT.
A. Deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen.
B. Mature red blood cells lack nuclei.
C. Red blood cells lack mitochondria.
D. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin.

15. The type of white blood cell that often arrives at the site of infection first,
is a granulocyte, and contains granules that stain light purple is a
_______________.
A. basophil
B. eosinophil
C. monocyte
D. neutrophil

22
 Additional Activities

Activity 8 (Day 1)
Direction. I. In the picture below, label the parts of the prokaryotic cell. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1
8
7

3
2
6
5 4

II. Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a separate

sheet of paper

1. What is the importance of the small size of prokaryotes?

2. Do you think the larger size of Eukaryotic cells a disadvantage to

them? Why or why not?

23
Activity 9 (Day 3)
Direction: Identify the picture of every cell types. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1.
2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

7.

24
 8.

9.

10.

Congratulations you have successfully distinguished prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells , classified different cell types and specified the functions of
each.

You can now move on to the next module on describing some cell
modifications, characterizing the phases of the cell cycle and their control
points.

25
 Answer Key

What’s More
Activity 2: What I Have Learned What’s More
1. ARCHEA Activity 4:
2. SPERM CELLS 1. E
3. PLASMA CELLS 2. I
4. ANTICOAGULANT 3. F
, ANTIBODIES 4. A
5. COLLENCHYMA 5. H
CELL 6. B
6. NEURON 7. C
7. KERATIN 8. D
8. DNA MOLECULES 9. G
9. TUMOR CELLS 10. j
10. CAPSULE
What I know
1. C
What’s More 1. C
Activity 3: 2. C
3. A
4. C
EUKARYOTIC CELL 5. B
CHARACTERISTICS PROKARYOTIC CELL PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL 6. A
True Nucleus Not present present present
7. B
( present, not present )
Size of Cell small large large 8. C
( large, small ) 9. A
Describe the simple complex complex 10. D
complexity of Cell
( simple, complex )
11. C
Membrane bound Not present present present 12. A
organelles 13. C
( present, not present )
14. c
Cell wall present present Not present
( present , not present)
Ribosomes present present preesent
( present, not present )
What’s In
Flagella present Not present present 1. CYTOSKELETON /
( present, not present ) MICROTUBULES
Chloroplasts Not present present Not present 2. CENTRIOLE
( present, not present )
Vacuole present present present
3. LYSOSOME
( present, not present ) 4. VESICLE
5. CYTOPLASM
6. GOLGI BODY
It means the shape of an object should primarily relate 7. MITOCHONDRIA
to its intended function or purpose. Example Flagella 8. RIBOSOME
have a whip-like appearance that helps to propel a cell
9. PERISOME
through the liquid.
10. ROUGH ER
11. NUCLEOLUS
12. RIBOSOME
What’s New 13. ROUGH ER
BACTERIA AND 14. SMOOTH ER
ARCHEA 15. PERISOME
16. GOLGI BODY
ANIMALS, 17. CYTOPLASM
PROTISTS, 18. CELL WALL
PLANTS, & FUNGI 19. PLASMA MEMBRANE
20. MITOCHONDRIA
21. CHLOROPLAST
22. CENTRAL VACUOLE
23. NUCLEUS
24. NUCLEOLUS
26
Assessment What I Can Do
1. A Additional Activities Activity 9:
2. D Activity 9: 150 ml
3. C 1. SPERM CELL ❖ 75.9 ml
4. C 2. SKIN CELL ❖ 6.6 ml
5. A 3. RED BLOOD CELL ❖ 64.125 ml
6. C 4. THROMBOCYTE ❖ 3.375
7. B 5. MUSCLE CELL 200 ml
8. C 6. SEX CELL ❖ 101.2 ml
9. C 7. NEURON ❖ 8.8 ml
10. C 8. ASTROCYTE ❖ 85.5 ml
11. A 9. PARENCHYMA ❖ 4.5 ml
12. C CELL
13. D 10. BACTERIA
14. A .
15. D

1. Because prokaryotic cells lack

Additional Activities organelles, their cellular processes aren’t
Activity 8: as efficient as eukaryotic cells to
. compensate the small size of
prokaryotes allows quick entry and
diffusion of ions and molecules to other
FLAGELLA parts of the cell while also allowing fast
removal of waste products out of the cell.
NUCLEOID
2. The large size of eukaryotes gives it an
advantage of accommodating organelles
CYTOPLASM which cannot be accommodated by
prokaryotic cells as they are small. A large
cell has a large surface area and this means
the surface area to volume ration will be
high in cells with large size. This is
important in cells and it allows the cell to
exchange a lot of materials with its internal
RIBOSOME and external environment like in cellular
PLASMA PILI respiration, so as eukaryotic cells are larger
CAPSULE CELL MEMBRANE than prokaryotes, it gives it an advantage in
WALL
functioning of the organelles and the cell as
a whole.

27
References:
MELCS 2020
Belardo, Giselle Millete M. 2016. General Biology 1. Makati City: Vibal
Group, Inc.
Madriaga, E, Oronce, O,.et.al. BiologicalScience of Life. Rex Book Store.
Postlethwait, J, Hopson, J. The World of Biology. Cengage Learning Asia Pte.
Ltd.
Rea, M.A. et al.2017. General Biology 1. Rex Bookstore. Quezon City.
https://www.mcqbiology.com/2018/10/multiple-choice-on-prokaryotic-cell-
structure.html#.XwZc1F_iuUk
http://www.histology-world.com/testbank/cell3a.htm
https://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_vs_Prokaryotic_Cell
https://www.thoughtco.com/types-of-cells-in-the-body-373388
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/types-of-cells-in-the-
human-body
https://byjus.com/neet/mcq-on-prokaryotes/
https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/538532067913680203/
https://www.hyperigm.org/mixed-chimerism/
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/191754896608686146/
https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/muscles-contractile-machines-
human-body.html
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/bones/deck/2187554
https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/parenchyma?mediatype=photograph
y&phrase=parenchyma&sort=mostpopular#license

28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – City Schools Division of Alaminos

San Jose Drive, Poblacion, Alaminos City, Pangasinan

Telefax: (075) 205-0644/205-0643

Email-Address: alaminos.city@deped.gov.ph

29