Chess Player's Chronicle-1-OCR, 450p
Chess Player's Chronicle-1-OCR, 450p
Chess Player's Chronicle-1-OCR, 450p
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THE FRANK J. MARSHALL
Collection of Chess Books
presented to
The New York Public Library
By Gustavus A. Pfeiffer
1932
TV?
. .
. . *
THE
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Cfjess Paget'* ®f)rontde. ^
VOL. I.
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LONDON :
R. HASTINGS, 13, CAREY STREET, LINCOLN'S INN.
MDCCCXLI,
THE NEW YORK I
PUBLIC LIBRARY
639706 A
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
R 1933 L
LONDON I
WILLIAM STEVENS, PRINTER, BELL YARD,
TEMPLE BAR.
THE
* A volume, entitled, " A Selection of Fifty Games, from those played by the
Automaton Chess Player during its Exhibition in London in 1820. Taken down
by permission of M. Maelzel, at the time they were played," was published
about this time, from which we learn, that of nearly three hundred games played
by the Automaton Chess Player (giving the Pawn and Move), it lost only six.
+ In a letter from Mr. Collinson, a correspondent of Dr. Hutton's, allusion
is made to a treatise in the German language, explanatory of the principles of
the Chess Automaton, which it is far from unlikely Mr. Willis had met with.
We subjoin that part of the letter which relates to this subject.
" Turning over the leaves of your late valuable publication, Part I. of the
' Mathematical and Philosophical Dictionary,' I observed, under the article
' Automaton,' the following :—' But all these seem inferior to M. Kempelin's
Chess-player, which may truly be considered as the greatest masterpiece in
mechanics that ever appeared in the world.' So it certainly would have been,
had its scientific movements depended merely on mechanism. Being slightly
acquainted with M. -Kempelin when he exhibited his Chess-playing figure in
London, I called on him about five years since at his house in Vienna ; another
gentleman and myself being then on a tour on the Continent. The Baron
(for I think he is such) showed me some working models, which he had lately
made. Among them are improvements on Arkwright's cotton mill, and also
one which he thought an improvement of Bolton and Watt's last steam engine.
I asked him after a piece of speaking mechanism which he had shown me when
in London. It spoke as before, and I gave the same word as when I before
saw it, exploitation, which it distinctly pronounced with the French accent.
But I particularly noticed that not a word passed about the Chess-player, and
xiv THE AUTOMATON CHESS PLAYER.
enabled him, with no greater facility of observation than an ordinary
spectator, to approach so near the truth in his attempted solution of
this difficult problem.
The following extracts from his clever little work will show the
talent and clear-sightedness which Mr. Willis evinced in his efforts to
pluck out the heart of the mystery.
" At the commencement of the exhibition, the spectators are gratuitously
made acquainted with the interior of the chest, which is divided into two unequal
compartments, and occupied by pieces of machinery, so arranged, as apparently
to render the concealment of any human being impossible. When the move
ments of the Automaton begin, the beholders, in the first moments of surprise,
and in the absence of any ostensible living cause, very naturally refer the effect
to the mechanism, which has been exhibited ; and with likelihood enough, for
the movements immediately follow the familiar action and well-known sound of
winding up clockwork, and are moreover very skilfully accompanied by the
grating noise of moving wheels. But, these indications excepted, where is the
evidence that the machinery moves ? or that the slightest influence is exerted by
it on the arm of the Automaton ? The whole is excluded from view, and a mo
ment's reflection will convince any one that no stress can be laid on the winding
up, nor on the accompanying sounds, which are imitable in various ways.
" If, however, no proof can be given of the actual movement of the machinery,
the following considerations will tend to show that it remains quiescent, and is
probably not formed for motion.
" An artist, whose talents had enabled him to contrive machinery capable of
executing the varied and extensive movements displayed by the Automaton,
would surely be desirous of laying open to view as much of the mechanism of
his contrivance, while in actual motion, as he could do consistently with the re
servation of his secret ; if for no other reason, at least to convince the lookers-on
of course I did not ask to see it. In the progress of the tour, I came to
Dresden, where becoming acquainted with Mr. Eden, our envoy there, by
means of a letter given me by his brother, Lord Auckland, who was ambassador
when I was at Madrid, he accordingly accompanied me in seeing several things
worthy of my attention ; and he introduced my companion and myself to a
gentleman of rank and talents, named Joseph Freideric Freyhere, who seems
completely to have discovered the vitality and soul of the Chess-playing figure.
This gentleman courteously presented me with the treatise he had published, dated
at Dresden, Sept. 30, 1789, explaining its principles, accompanied with curious
plates, neatly coloured. This treatise is in the German language, and I hope
soon to get a translation of it. A well-taught boy, very thin and small of his
age, sufficiently so that he could be concealed in a drawer almost immediately
under the Chess-board, agitated the whole. This discovery at Dresden accounts
for the silence about it at Vienna ; for I understood, by Mr. Eden, that Mr.
Freyhere had sent a copy of it to Baron Kempelin, though he seems unwilling
to acknowledge that Mr. Freyhere has completely analysed the whole."—
Hutton's Mathematical Dictionary, Supplement.
THE AUTOMATON CHES8 PLAYER. XV
that deception formed no part of his plan. Now it cannot be reasonably urged,
in vindication of the inventor's forbearance, in the instance of the Chess
player, that even a glance at any part of the machinery in motion would betray
the secret ; for a question will immediately arise, Why then is the machinery at
rest so freely exposed ? On that score no apprehension seems to be entertained ;
the chest is ostentatiously opened, and the semblance, at least, of wheels, and
pulleys, and levers, is submitted to inspection without reserve ; but when their
reality should appear, and their connection with the Automaton be made mani
fest, the doors are carefully closed, and the spectators are required to pay large
drafts on their credulity, without any means of further examination. The
glaring contradiction between eager display on the one hand, and studied con
cealment on the other, can only be reconciled by considering the exhibition of
the mechanism as a mere stratagem, calculated to distract the attention, and
mislead the judgment, of the spectators.
" The truth of this opinion receives additional support from the regular and
undeviating mode of disclosing the interior of the chest. If the mechanism
were the real object in view, the whole being quiescent, it would be matter of
indifference which part was first laid open ; and accident alone, unless powerful
reasons operated against it, would lead occasionally to some variation. But no
variation has ever been observed to take place. One uniform order, or routine,
is strictly adhered to ; and this circumstance alone is sufficient to awaken
suspicion, for it shows plainly that more is intended by the disclosure than is
permitted to meet the eye.
" It has already been suggested, that little stress could be laid on the winding
up : indeed, the simple act of turning round a key or winder can offer no
argument in proof of the efficiency of the machinery, unless at the same time
it could be shown that the key, in turning, either acted upon a spring, or pulled
up a weight, for the purpose of giving motion to the machinery in question.
But unluckily for the Chess-player, the phenomena afford positive proof that
the axis turned by the key is quite free, and unconnected, either with a spring,
or a weight, or any system of machinery.
" In all machines requiring to be wound up, two consequences are insepa
rable from their construction : the first is, that, in winding up the machinery,
the key is limited in the number of its revolutions ; and the second is, that
some relative proportion must be constantly maintained betwixt the winding
up and the work performed, in order to enable the machine to continue its
movements. Now these results are not observable in the Chess Player ; for
the Automaton will sometimes execute sixty-three moves with only one wind
ing up ; at other times the exhibitor has been observed to repeat the winding
up after seven moves, and even three moves ; and once, probably from inadver
tence, without the intervention of a single move ; whilst, in every instance,
—and the circumstance, though trifling, calls for particular attention, (for, in
these matters, be it remembered, ' trifles light as air are confirmation strong,')—
the key appeared to perform the same number of revolutions ; evincing thereby,
that the revolving axis was unconnected with machinery, except, perhaps, a
ratchet-wheel and click, or some similar apparatus, to enable it to produce the ne
cessary sounds ; and consequently that the key, like that of a child's watch, might
be turned, whenever the purposes of the exhibition seemed to require it."
Xvi THE AUTOMATON CHESS PLAYER.
Mr. Willis then proceeds to show in what manner a human
being might be concealed within the machine, although it was ap
parently thrown completely open to public inspection—and con
cludes, with the aid of drawings, by demonstrating the presence of a
hidden player who directed the movements of the Automaton.
I is a remarkable circumstance, and reflects great credit upon the
ingenuity of Mr. Willis, that the only discrepancy between his ex
planation of the Automaton and the account furnished by M. Mouret,
for many years the secret agent of its powers, regards the means em
ployed to enable the concealed player to gain a knowledge of his
opponent's moves, and regulate his own.* With this exception,
and one or two trifling errors inseparable from a want of actual
inspection of the interior of the machine, his description might be
given as the veritable solution of the enigma.
The Chess-player who directed the movements of the Automaton
was hidden, as Mr. Willis conjectured, in the chest. Seated upon
a low stool, which moved on castors, he was enabled with facility to
shift his position as circumstances might require. During the exhi
bition of one portion of the machinery he took refuge in another,
sometimes in the body of the Automaton, and at others in a portion
of the chest. These changes were of course in obedience to a pre
concerted arrangement, and compelled that undeviating regularity
in the opening and shutting of the different doors which Mr. Willis
remarked. A few repetitions were sufficient to habituate him to
the necessary routine of movements, and afford command of the
handle which directed the arm, and the elastic springs which moved
the fingers of the figure.
Perhaps the most ingenious and interesting part of the contrivance
was the method by which the hidden conductor was made ac
quainted with the moves of his opponents, and enabled to repeat
them on a smaller Chess-board of his own. To comprehend the
cleverness of the plan adopted to effect these ends, the reader must
understand that the player was seated in his narrow cell imme
diately under the Chess-board upon which the Automaton and his
antagonist made their moves—and that the reverse of this board,
BRITISH MISCELLANY,
AND
PROBLEM No. 1.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White, playing first, to checkmate in seven moves.
Mack.
TOhtte.
VOl. I.—N. S. B
2 THE BRITISH .MISCELLANY,
GAME I.
In the Match between Messrs. St n and P t.
Mr. P t. Mr. St n.
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two (a)
2. K. B. P. two (6) 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. two
5. K. P. one 5. K. Kt. to R. third
6. K. B. to Q. third 6. K. B. to K. second
7. K. B. to Q. B. second 7. Q. B. to Q. second
8. Castles 8. Q. to Q. Kt. third
9. Q. P. two 9. Q. R. to a B.
10. K. to R. 10. Castles
11. Q. R. P. one 11. Q. R. P. two
12. K. Kt. to its fifth 12. K. Kt. P. one
13. Q. P. takes P. 13. K. B. takes P.
14. Q. to K. 14. K. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
15. K. R. P. one 15. K. Kt. to K. sixth (c)
16. B. takes Kt. 16. B. takes B.
17. Q. Kt. to Q. second 17. K.R. P. one (rf)
18. K. Kt. to K. fourth (e) 18. P. takes Kt. (/)
19. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 19. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
20. Kt. takes B. 20. K. R. P. one
21. Q. R. to Kt. 21. K. B. P. two
22. P. takes P. (en passant) 22. R. takes P.
23. B. takes P. 23. Q. R. to K. B.
24. Q. to K. Kt. third 24. Kt. to K. second
25. Q. Kt. P. two 25. B. to Q. B. third (g)
26. B. to Q. B. second 26. Q. R. P. takes P.
27- Q. B. P. one 27- Q. to Q. Kt. third
28. Q. R. P. takes P. 28. Q. to her fifth
29. Q. R. to Q. 29. Q. to Q. Kt. third
30. Q. Kt. P. one 30. B. to K.
31. Q. R. to K. (A) 31. Q. to Q. B. second
32. K. to R. second 32. R. takes P.
33. B. to K. fourth 33. K. R. P. one
And the second player wins easily.
Notes to Game I.
(a) This is much the same in effect as playing " K. P. one," in reply
to the opening move of the first player, and has been condemned by many
writers on Chess, who assert that it usually leads to a dull and uninstruc-
tive game. As far as our experience goes, the very reverse of this is the
fact. It is the mode of defence almost invariably adopted by our lively
neighbours, the French, whose games are certainly characterized by any-
t
AND CHESS PLAYER S CHRONICLE. 3
thing but want of animation : it is perfectly safe, and is productive, as we
have repeatedly seen, of the most striking and entertaining positions of
which Chess is capable.
(6) Decidedly better than playing " Kt. to K. B. third."
(c) It would have been worse than useless to check with the Kt.
(d) An ill-judged move. The adverse Q. Kt. P. should have been taken.
(e) Skilfully played.
(/) Had the second player taken the Q. Kt., his opponent, by checking
with his Kt. at K. B. sixth, would have gained at least " the exchange."
(g) A good move.
(A) This, and the subsequent move of the first player, are unaccountably
bad. Prior to these moves, the game was much in his favour.
GAME II.
In Messrs. St n and P t's Match.
Mr. St n. Mr. P t.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. Q. B. P. two
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. B. to Q. second
6. Q. R. P. one 6. Q. R. to Q. B.
7. Q. Kt. P. two 7. Q. B. P. takes Q. P.
S. Q. B. P. takes P. 8. K. B. to K. second
9. K. B. to Q. third 9. K. B. P. one (a)
10. Q. B. to Q. second 10. K. B. P. one
11. Q. to K. second 11. Q. R. to Q. B. second (6)
12. Castles. 12. K. Kt. P. two (c)
13. Q. Kt. P. one 13. Q. Kt. to its sqr.
14. K. Kt. takes K. Kt. P. 14. K. R. P. two
15. Kt. to K. R. third 15. K. R. P. one
16. Q. Kt. to B. third 16. K. Kt. to R. third
17. Q. R. P. one 17. K. to B. second
18. Q. R. to Q. B. 18. Q. to K. Kt.
19. K. B. P. one 19. K. to his sqr.
20. K. R. to K. 20. Q. R. to Q. B. (d)
21. Q. B to K. B. fourth 21. K. B. to Q.
22. Q. Kt. takes Q. P. 22. R. takes R.
23. R. takes R. 23. P. takes Kt.
24. K. P. one 24. Q. takes K. P.
25. Q. takes Q. ,25. B. takes Q.
26. B. takes Q. Kt. (e) 26. B. to Q. Kt. third
27. B. to K. fifth 27. R. to K. Kt.
28. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth 28. Kt. to K. B. second (/)
29. Kt. takes B. (.g) 29. Kt. takes B.
30. B. takes K. B. P. 30. Kt. takes K. B. P. (check)
b2
THE BHITISH MISCELLANY,
Mr. St n. Mr. P t.
31. K. to B. second 31. Kt. takes Q. P.
32. Kt. takes Kt. 32. B. takes Kt. (check)
33. K. to B. third 33. K. to B. second
34. R. to a 34. B. to K. fourth
35. R. takes P. 35. B. takes K. R. P.
36. R. to Q. seventh (check) 36. K. to B. third
37. B. to K. Kt. fourth 37. R. to K. Kt. second (A)
38. R. to Q. sixth (!)
GAME IV.
Between M. Von Bilguer and M. O. of the Berlin Chess Club.
M. Von B. M. 0.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Gt. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. Q. P. one
5. Q.B. P. one 5. P. to Q. sixth
6. Castles 6. Q. B. to K. third
7. B. takes B. 7. P. takes B.
8. Q. to her Kt. third 8. Q. to Q. B.
9. K. Kt. to its fifth 9. Ct. Kt. to Q.
10. K. B. P. two 10. Q. B. P. two
11. Q:B. P. one 11. K. R P. one
12. K. Kt. to B. third 12. K. Kt toB. third
13. Q. takes the doubled P. 13. K. B. to K. second
14. K. P. one 14. K. Kt. to Q. second
15. K. P. takes P. 15. K.B. to its third
16. Q. Kt to B. third 16. Castles.
17. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 17. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
18. Kt. takes B. (check) 18. K. R. takes Kt.
19. Q. B. to K. third 19. Q. Kt. P. one
20. Q. R. to Q. 20. Q. to K. B.
21. Q. to K. fourth 21. Q. Kt. to Q. R. fourth
22. Q, Kt. P. two 22. P. takes P.
23. Q. B. P. one 23. P. takes P.
6 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
M. Von B. M. O.
24. K. Kt. to K. fifth 24. Q. to K.
25. K. R. to K. 25. Kt. takes Kt.
26. Q. takes Kt. 26. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
27. Q. P. one 27- Q. to her square
28. Q. to K. fourth 28. Kt. to Q. Kt. third
29. Q. to Q. B. sixth 29. K. P. one
30. Q. takes Q. B. P. 30. K. P. takes P.
31. Q. B. takes P. 31. Kt. takes P.
32. Q. to her fifth (check) 32. K. R. to K. B. second
33. Q. to K. sixth 33. Q. R. P. two
34. K. R. to K. B. 34. Q. R. to its second
35. Q. B. to K. third 35. Q. to K. second
36. Q. takes R. (check) 36. Q. takes Q.
37. R. takes Q. 37. K. takes R.
38. B. takes R. and wins the game.
To properly appreciate the merit of these games, the student must bear
in mind the fact that M. Von Bilguer played them at the same time,
and without the advantage of seeing the Chess-board ; with this considera
tion, it must be admitted that they gave promise of unusual excellence—
promise, alas ! never to be realized—the young and ingenious victor
dying only a few months subsequent to this his latest triumph.
PROBLEM No. 2.
By a distinguished German Chess Player.
White, with the advantage of playing first, mates in five moves.
Blarft.
mi)itt.
ANTD CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 7
PROBLEM No. 6 .•
The following masterly solution of this mystery cannot fail to interest
and delight our Chess playing readers.
White. Black.
1. Q. R. to K. B. eighth (check) 1. K. to R. or Kt.'s second
2. K. R. to K. B. seventh (check) 2. (a)
3. K. Kt. to K. Kt. square. 3.
4. Q. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 4.
5. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 5.
6. K. R. to K. Kt. seventh (check) 6.
7. Q. to K. B. third (check) 7.
8. K. R. to K. seventh (check) 8.
9. Q. to G. third (check) 9.
10. Q. Kt. to K. sixth 10.
11. Q. R. to OL R. eighth 11.
12. Q. R. to Q. R. sixth 12.
13. Q. B. pawn two squares, (dis 13.
covering check)
14. Q. to K. B. (check) 14.
15. K. Kt. to K. B. third (check) IS.
16. Q. Kt. to G. B. fifth (discover 16.
ing check)
17- K. Kt. to K. fifth (discovering 17.
check)
The Black King may now be played to, K. sixth (A.)
or to K. Kt. sixth (B.)
or to K. Kt. fourth (C.)
(a) In a majority of the positions occurring throughout this solution, the
Black King is restricted in his play to a particular square. When this is
the case, we have not thought it necessary to specify his move.
(A.)
17. K. to K. sixth
18. Q. to K. (check) 18. K. to K. B. fifth
19. K. R. to K. B. seventh (check) 19. K. to K. Kt. fourth
20. Q.. to K. Kt. third (check) 20. K to K. R. third (his best move)
21. Q. to K. B. fourth (check) 21. K. removes
22. CI. to K. Kt. fourth (check) 22.
23. K. R. to K. B. sixth (check) 23.
24. Q. to K. R. fourth (check) 24.
25. K. R. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 25.
* Problem No. 6 appeared in the April Number of " The British Miscellany,"
[1st Series.] The following is the position :—( White) K. at. Q. Kt. 3rd—Q. at her
3rd—Rook at K. 13. 6th—ditto at K. B. 5th—Kt. at. K. B. 4th—ditto at K. B. 3rd—
Pawn at Q. B. 2nd.—(Black) K. at his R.—P. at Q. 3rd—ditto at Q. Kt. 3rd—ditto
at Q. 4th— ditto at Q. Kt. 4th—ditto at Q. 5th— ditto at Q.Kt. 5th.
THE BUITISH MISCELLANY,
White. Black.
26. K. Kt. to Q. seventh (check) 26. K.toK.B.(hissecondbestmove)
27. Q to K. R. seventh (check) 27. K.to K.
28. Q. to K. R. eighth (check) 28. K. toK.'s second (his best move)
29. K. R. to K. sixth (check) 29. K. removes
30.»K. R. to K. B. sixth (check) , 30.
31 Q. checks at K. Kt. seventh, or K. Kt. eighth, according to the posi
tion of the Black King. If the Q. checks at K. Kt. seventh, Black
should play his King to K.'s square, that being his best move.
32. Q. 4.„
to V T> seventh
K. B. -1 (check)
'' '* --
32.
33. Q. to K. B. eighth (check) 33.
34. Q. to Q. Kt. eighth (check) 34.
35. K. Kt. to K. fifth (check) 35.
36. K. Kt. to Q. third (check) 36.
37. Q. B. P. to Q. B. fifth 37.
38. ft. to Q. Kt. seventh (check) 38. K. to K. (his best play) or (D.)
39. Q. B. P. to Q. B. sixth 39.
40. K. R. to K. B. seventh 40.
41. Q. R. to Q. R. sqr. 41.
42. Q. R. to K. B. 42.
43. Q. R. to K. (check) 43.
44. Q. B. P. to Q. B. seventh, check
and mate. (Q. E. D.)
(B.)
17. K. to K. Kt. sixth
18. K. R. to K. Kt. seventh (check) 18. K.toK.R. seventh(hisbestplay)
19. K. R. to K. Kt. second (check) 19. K. to K. R. sixth
20. Q. to K. B. third (check) 20. K. to K. R. fifth
21. K. R. to K. Kt. fourth (check) 21.
22. Q. to K. B. fifth (check) 22.
23. K. R. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 23.
24. Q. to K. B. seventh (check) 24.
25. Q. to K. B. sixth (check) 25.
26. K. R. to K. R. sixth (check) 26. K. to K. Kt.'s sqr.
27. Q. to K. Kt. fifth (check) 27. K. to K. B. sqr.
28. K. Kt. to Q. seventh (check) 28. K. to King's sqr. (his best play)
and the remaining moves as in variation (A.).
(C.)
17. K. to K. Kt. fourth
18 K. R. to K. Kt. seventh (check) 18. K. to K. R. third (thebestmove)
19 K. R. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 19. K. to K. R. fourth, or K. R.
second
The White Queen then checks, as at the twenty-fourth move of the
variation (B.), &c.
» (White's 30th move.) When the K. R. checks at K. B. sixth, the Queen may be
situated at the K. R.'s eighth, or at the K. Kt. fifth ; hence the observation given at
the 31st move.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 9
(D.)
Variation on Black's 38th move.
38. Q. to"Q. Kt. seventh (check) 38. K. to Q.
39. Q. B. P. to Q. B. sixth 39.
40. K. R. to K. B. seventh 40.
41. Q. R. to Q. R. 41.
42. Q. R. to K. (check) 42.
43. Q. B. P. to Q. B. seventh,
check-mates. (Q. E. D.)
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
J. M. G. and G. F. C.—The solutions of our 5th problem are incorrect.
Both correspondents err in " queening" the pawn. Checkmate can be
effected in the proposed number of moves without the pawn being per
mitted to reach the adverse royal line.
U. C. Y., Vauxhall.—The automaton Chess Player exhibited about
twenty years since in Spring-gardens, was the figure originally constructed
by Mr. Von Kempelin, and brought by him to England in the year 1783.
The exhibitor on the latter occasion was not, as U. C. Y. imagines, the
inventor, but a M. Maelzel.
We have met with several tabular methods for exemplifying the per
fect adaptation of the Knight's peculiar movement to all the chequers
on the Chess-board, and, if we mistake not, about twelve months
since Dr. Roget published in the "Philosophical Magazine" some
highly ingenious diagrams upon the subject. In the entertaining
Year Book, by Hone, there are also some tables, indicating, we
believe, the mode by which the Knight, starting from a given black or
white square, may traverse the Chess-board without alighting a second
time on any square, and finally terminate his course at any particular
square of the opposite colour.
Secretary.—The two gentlemen named, we are well assured, had no
hand either in the authorship or distribution of the pamphlet entitled
" Observations upon a New Treatise of Chess, by George Walker." The
pamphlet emanated, it is pretty well understood, from a Society of Chess
Players which deservedly ranks as the first and most important in Eng
land, and is an unequivocal indication of the opinion that body entertains
of the egregious conceit and deplorable ignorance which this Titmouse
of Chess professors exhibits in his lucubrations upon the game.
F. S. —The subscription to the London Chess Club is three guineas per
annum ; no entrance fee.
R. A.—The new Chess Club may probably exist for twelve months ;
but no Club can take a lasting stand while its interests are made subser
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 11
vient to the vanity and caprice of any individual. The person holding the
situation alluded to is peculiarly unfitted for the office ;—no Club in which
he has been permitted to take an active part, and we remember several,
has ever obtained a permanent establishment; and none, we feel con
vinced, subjected to such influence, ever will.
Exchequer.—Mr. Lewis is an honorary member of the London Chess
Club; is a subscriber to Goode's Chess Rooms on Ludgate-hill, and
to Ries' Grand Chess Divan ; and occasionally plays at each of these
places. We cannot name a particular night on which our correspondent
could see him play.
A Barrister, Temple.—Calls our attention to the ridiculous altera
tions of the Laws of Chess, by G. Walker, in his " New Treatise
on Chess," and asks, " Is it possible such absurdities are sanctioned by
the London Chess Club ?" The only sanction given to Walker's puerili
ties by the Committee is to laugh at them. His books on Chess are
no authority except among the lowest class of players.
We have particularly to request that the Secretaries of the various
Chess Clubs throughout England will furnish us with a list of the mem
bers of their several Clubs, and an account of any matches in which they
may be engaged, as we purpose keeping a correct register of all
matches played in future.
At the request of several country subscribers we subjoin a ljst of the
leading establishments for Chess-playing in London :—
The London Chess Club, George and Vulture Hotel, Cornhill.
St. George's Chess Club, Cavendish Square.
Goode's commodious and elegant Chess Rooms, 39, Ludgate Hill.
Ries' Grand Divan, 101, Strand.
Gliddon's King Street Divan, King Street, Covent Garden.
Morrison and Huttmann's Divan, 194, Strand.
Ecelesiastes, ch. i. v. 1.
14 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
and, passing by the more lasting, profitable, and infinitely superior at
tractions of wisdom and virtue, remain in ignorance, to its ultimate
cost, of those great principles upon which the character should be based,
and of those laws, divine and human, moral and physical, by which the
whole course of conduct should be regulated. Our faculties, therefore,
in our earlier years, need to be guided by the judicious direction of those
who have made the human mind—its passions, propensities, and powers—
their study. Hence in one respect arises the necessity for those institu
tions, whether public or private in their nature, to which the rising gene
ration may repair, in order that the mental faculties may be properly
cultivated, and that those habits may be engendered which shall promote
the happiness, and insure the future usefulness of every member of the
community, whatever his station in life. Hence, too, there arises on the
part of the heads of states, the duty of rendering those means of instruc
tion so far available as to secure their full benefit being enjoyed by
those who are themselves incapable of properly estimating the advantages
they afford—and on the part of the heads of families, and the guardians
of youth, the duty of seeing that the advantages so proffered are accepted.
To many who have been either personally guilty, or relatively the
victims of this neglect, might we point, who—ere the wrinkle of age
has been stamped upon their brow, but yet when all too late to amend
their error, to recover their lost ground, or to bring back to their hearts
the freshness of youthful feeling—have been led to confess, and to lament
that, unelevated, and unetherialized, by the talismanic influence of in
struction, their desires had been unsatisfying, and that the pleasures they
coveted were among the things that earliest withered and soonest va
nished. Indeed, it is ever thus, as ever it must be, with those whose
hopes, and anticipations, are centered merely upon present, and sensible
gratification. Can we wonder, then, that the language of such, when hoary
age has set his seal upon their hearts, should be, as they reflect upon
the flowers of time, for them no longer young and blooming i
" We made a posy while the time ran by,
*****
But time did beckon to the flowers, and they
By noon most cunningly did steal away,
*****
And wither in the hand :
Farewell dear flowers !"
But why, it may perhaps be asked, should this feeling of desolation, or,
more properly speaking, this mental vacuum, be experienced by such in
elder age, they never having enjoyed the pleasures of knowledge when
young ? Because the thoughts and desires of such, having never been
exalted by the wisdom which only study can bestow, must partake of
their sensual nature, and so being emphatically " of the earth, earthy,"
they cannot appreciate those higher sources of pleasure and employment
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 15
with which the cultivated mind ever finds fellowship and communion ;
' and hecause, not having been taught the position in which they are
placed or the duties which it is incumbent upon them to discharge, and
so not having fulfilled through life the important ends for which they
were created, the accomplishment of which great purposes evermore carries
with it pure and permanent satisfaction to the mind ; when the bewilder
ment of youth, the excitement of manhood, and the cares of increasing
years have passed away,—that is, when the winter of life has come on,—
the time when all that is earthly in happiness departs, their happiness
having been all earthly—all sensible—their minds must in the night-time
of existence necessarily be left destitute and cheerless.
ADVERSARIA.
There is an expression in Fletcher's fine lines,
" UPON AN HONEST MAN'S FORTUNE,"
which may serve to throw light upon the meaning of a passage in Mac
beth,* which has been the subject of much controversy among the
Shakespere commentators : he is apostrophizing the astrologers of
his day.
" You that are God's surveyors, and can show
How far, and when, and why, the wind doth blow,
Know all the changes of the dreadful thunder,
And when it will shoot over and when under ;
Tell me, by all your art, I conjure ye,
Yes, and by truth, what shall become of me ;
Find out my star, if each one, as you say,
Have his peculiar angel and his way."
This is "the path of life marked by the stars ;" and from hence, in all
probability, is derived the " wayward or weard sisters."
Throughout this little poem of Fletcher's there is a rich vein of " divine
philosophy," which we may too frequently search vainly for in his
dramatic works.
" Our acts our angels are, or good or ill
Our fatal shadows that walk by us still."
*******
###***#
" Oh, man ! though image of thy Maker's good,
What cans't thou fear, when breath'd into thy blood
His spirit is that built thee ? What dull sense
Makes thee suspect in need, that Providence,
IVhite.
White, with the advantage of moving first, mates in four moves.
Black.
White.
VOl. I.—N. 8. C
18 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
We published in the preceding number of our Chess Chronicle, two
games, in which the first player, M. Bilguerof Berlin, laboured under the
disadvantage of playing without seeing the Chess-board. We now give
two games which were played under the same circumstances, by Mr.
M'Donnell in 1829 ; his competitor on the occasion being Mr. J— W—ll,
a strong player of the London Chess Club.
GAME V.
White (Mr. M'Donnell) gives the pawn and two moves, and plays
without seeing the Chess-board.
Black. White.
1. K. P. two, K. Kt. to B. third (a) 1. K P. one
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. Q. B. P. two
4. K. B. checks 4. Q. Kt to B. third
5. B. takes Kt. (check) (6) 5. P. takes B.
6. Castles 6. Q. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. K. R. to K. 7. Q. to Q. Kt. third
8. Q. B. P. one 8. P. takes P.
9. P. takes P. 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. K. Kt. to its fifth 10. Q. B. to its sqr.
11. Q. R. P. one 11. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
12. K. Kt. to B. third 12. Q. B. P. one
13. P. takes P. 13. K. B. takes P.
14. Q. Kt. P. two (e) 14. K. B. takes P. (check)
15. K. to R. 15. K. B. takes R.
16. Q. takes B. 16. Castles
17. Q. R. P. one 17. Q. R. to Q. Kt.
18. Q. Kt. P. one 18. Q. R. P. one
19. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 19. P. takes P.
20. Q. Kt. takes P. 20. Q. B. to Ql. second
21. Q. B. to Q. R. third 21. K. R. to Q. B.
22. Q. Kt. to Q. sixth 22] Kt. takes Kt.
23. B. takes Kt. 23. Q. R. to its sqr.
24. Q. R. P. one 24. Q. to Q. Kt. seventh
25. Q. R. to Q. Kt. 25. Q. to Q. B. sixth
26. Q. to K. B. 26. K. R. P. one
27. Kt. to K. R. fourth 27. Q. to Q. B. fifth
28. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth 28. Q. takes Q.
29. R. takes Q. 29. Q. B. to Q. Kt. fourth
30. R. to Q. Kt. 30. K. to R. second (rf)
31. Kt. to K. seventh 31. R. to Q. B. sixth
32. K. R. P. one (e) 32. B. to GL. sixth
33. R. to Q. Kt. sixth 33. R. takes P.
34. B. to Q. Kt. fourth 34. Q. R. checks
35. K. to R. second 35. K. R. to Q. B. seventh
36. R. takes P. 36. B. to K. fifth
37. R. to Q. sixth (/) 37. R. checkmates.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S OHHONICLE.
Notes to Game V.
(a) Games at the odds of " Pawn and move," and " Pawn and two
moves," usually lead to situations of intricacy and complication, and are
therefore any thing but favourable to the blindfold player.
(b) This is not judicious, every exchange tends to lessen the com
plexity of the game, and renders it proportionably less difficult for the
player without the board.
(c) Very thoughtlessly played.
(d) B. to Q. sixth, notwithstanding the threatened check from the
Black Knight, would have been also a good move.
(e) The young player will observe that had Black captured the Bishop,
he would have been checkmated next move.
(/) Play where he could, the game was gone. The effects of the
oversight at move 14 were not retrievable.
GAME VI.
White (M'Donnell) gives the pawn and two moves, playing, as in the
former game, without the board.
Black. White.
1. K.P.twoandK.Kt.toB.third 1. K. P. one
2. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 2. Q. B. P. one
3. K. P. one 3. Q. P. two
4. P. takes P. (en passant) (a) 4. K. B. takes P.
5. a p. two 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. K. B. to Q. third 6. Castles
7. Castles 7. K. B. to Q. B. second
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. Q. to her third
9. Q. B. takes Kt. 9. K. R. takes B. (6)
10. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 10. Q. to K. B.
11. Q. Kt. takes R. (check) 11. Q. takes Kt.
12. Q. to K. second 12. Q. Kt. to Q. second
13. Q. R. to K. 13. Q. Kt. to K. B.
14. Kt. to K. fifth 14. Kt. to K. Kt. third
15. B. takes Kt. 15. P. takes B.
16. Q. to K. Kt. fourth 16. K. to R. second
17. K. B. P. two 17. Q. Kt. P. one
18. Kt. takes Q. B. P. 18. K. P. one
19. Q. to K. Kt. fifth 19. Q. takes Kt.
20. K. B. P. takes K. P. 20. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
21. R. takes B. 21. P. takes R.
22. Q. takes P. (check) 22. Q. to K. Kt. third
23. Q. to K. R. third (check) 23. K. to Kt.
24. Q. to Q. Kt. third (check) 24. K. to R. second (c)
25. R. to K. third 25. Q. to K
26. R. to K. R. third (check) 26. K. to Kt. third
c2
20 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. W Kite.
27. Q. to her third (check) (rf) 27. K. to Kt. fourth
28. R. to K. Kt. third (check) 28. K. to R. third
29. R. to K. R. third (check) 29. K. to Kt. fourth
30. Q. to K. Kt. third (check) 30. K. to B. fourth
31. Q. takes P. 31. B. to Q.
32. R. to K. B. third (check) 32. K. to his third
33. Q. B. P. two 33. B. to K. second
34. Q. checkmates 34.
GAME VII.
Mr. St n. Mr. P T.
1. K. P. two 1. K.P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. B. P. one 3. Q. P. one
4. K. Kt. to B". third (a) 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. P. two 5. P. takes P.
6. P. takes P. 6. B. checks
7. B. to Q. second 7. B. takes B.
8. Q. Kt. takes B. 8. Castles (6)
9. B. to Q. third 9. Kt. to Q. B. third
10. Q. R. P. one 10. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
11. Q. to Q. B. second 11. K. R. P. one
12. Q. R. to Q. B. 12. Q. P. one
13. K. P. one 13. B. takes Kt.
14. Kt. takes B. 14. Kt. to K. R. fourth .
15. K. Kt. P. one 15. K. Kt. P. one
16. ft. Kt. P. two 16. Q. to Q. second (c)
17. ft- to Q. second 17. K. to R. second
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 21
Mr. St n. Mr. P t.
18. Castles 18. Q. R. to K.
19. Q. R. to B. third 19. Kt. to Q.
20. Kt. to K. R. fourth 20. Q. B. P. one
21. K. B. P. two 21. K. B. P. two
22. K. Kt. P. one 22. Kt. to K. Kt. second
23. P. takes P. 23. K. Kt. takes P.
24. Kt. takes Kt. 24. P. takes Kt.
25. K. to R. 25. K. R. to K. Kt.
26. Q. R. to Q. B. 26. Q. to K. B. second
27. Q. to Q. B. second 27. Q. R. to K. B.
28. K. R. to K. Kt. 28. Kt. to K. third
29. R. takes R. 29. K. takes R.
30. R. checks 30. K. to R. (rf)
31. Q. to K. B. second 31. Q. to K. R. fourth (e)
32. B. to K. second 32. Q. to K. B. second
33. Q. to K. R. fourth 33. Q. to K. R. second
34. B. to K. R. fifth 34. Kt. takes Q. P.
35. R. to K. Kt. third 35. Q. Kt. P. one
36. B. to K. Kt. sixth (/) 36. Q. to K. Kt. second
, 37. B. to K. B. seventh 37. R. takes B.
38. R. takes Q. 38. K. takes R.
39. K. to K. Kt. second
And, after a few more moves, the
second player resigned.
This partie is well and evenly contested throughout, and will amply re
pay the student of chess for his labour in examining it.
22 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME VIII.
Played in Messrs. P t and St' n's match.
Mr. P t. Mr. St n.
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. Kt. takes P. 4. K. P. two
5. Kt. to K. B. third 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
7. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 7. Castles
8. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 8. B. takes Kt. (check)
9. P. takes B. 9. Q. to Q. R. fourth
10. Q. to Q. third. 10. Q. P. two (a)
11. K. P. takes P. 11. K. P. one
12. Q. to her second. 12. P. takes Kt.
13. B. takes Kt. 13. R. to K. (check) (6)
14. K. to K. B. 14. P. takes B.
15. P. takes Kt. 15. Q. to K. R. fourth
16. K. R. P. one 16. P. takes P. (check)
17. K. takes P. 17. K. to R.
18. Q. to K. B. fourth 18. R. checks
19. K. to B. 19. Q. to K. Kt. third
20. B. to Q. third 20. Q. to K. Kt. seventh (check)
21. K. to K. second 21. Q. takes P. at her B. third
22. B. takes K. R. P. (c) 22. Q. to her Kt. fourth (check)
23. B. to Q. third 23. Q. to K. fourth (check)
24. Q. takes Q. 24. P. takes Q.
25. Q. R. to Q. Kt. 25. K. B. P. two
26. R. to Q. Kt. fifth 26. R. to K.
27. B. to Q. B. fourth 27. Q. R. P. one (</)
28. R. to Q. Kt. sixth 28. B. to Q. second
29. R. to K. R. sixth (check) 29. K. to Kt. second
30. R. to Q. sixth 30. B. to Q. Kt. fourth
31. K. R. checks 31. K. to R. second
32. B. takes B. 32. P. takes B.
33. Q. R. to K. Kt. sixth 33. Q. R. takes P.
34. Q. R. to Kt. seventh (check) 34. K. to R. third
35. K. R. to Kt. sixth (check) 35. K. to R. fourth
36. R. P. one 36. R. takes Q. B. P. (check)
37. K. to B. 37. R. (check)
38. K. to Kt. second (e).
GAME IX.
The subjoined Game was played some time since, between the Hono
rary Secretary of the London Chess Club and Mr. W. P. of the same
Club.
Black. White.
1. K.P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P: takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. B. to K. Kt. second
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Kt. to R. third 7. Q. to K. second
8. Q, to Q. third 8. K. Kt. to B. third
9. Castles. 9. Kt. takes P.
10. R. to K. 10. K. B. P. two
11. B. to Q. fifth 11. QL. B. P. one
12. B. takes Kt. 12. P. takes B.
13. R. takes P. 13. B. to K. third
14. B. to Q. second 14. Castles
15. Q. R. to K. 15. R. to B. third
16. Q. to K. second 16. K. to B. second
17. Q. B. P. one 17. Q. P. one
18. B. to Kt. fourth 18. U. takes B.
19. R. takes B. 19- Q. takes R. (check)
20. Q. takes Q. 20. R. takes R.
21. Q. to Kt. fourth 21. Q. Kt. P. one
22. P. takes P. 22. P. takes P.
23. Q. Kt. to its fifth 23. Kt. to B. third
24. Q. to Kt. third 24. R. to Q.
25. Kt. to B. seventh 25. Kt. takes P.
26. Kt. takes R. 26. Kt. takes Q.
84 THE BRITISH MISCELLANT,
Black. White.
27. Kt. takes Rook (check) 27. K. to K. second
28. Kt. to B. sixth (check) 28. K. to a third
29. Kt. takes P. 29- Kt. to Q. fifth
30. Q. Kt. P. one 30. Kt. takes Kt.
31. P. takes Kt. 31. K. to B. fourth
32. K. toB. 32. K. to Kt. fifth
33. K. to K. 33. K. to B. sixth
34. Kt. to B. sixth 34. Q. P. one
35. Q. Kt. P. one 35. K. to B. seventh
And Black resigns.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
P. W. B.—No. Mr. Lewis is the translator both of Carrera and Greco,
and the author of the only Elementary Treatises on Chess worth con
sulting in English.
R. S.—We cordially thank our old and esteemed friend for his zealous
efforts to promote the object we have in view. His two ingenious stra
tagems shall appear in due time.
L., Norfolk.—The match, by correspondence, between the Rev. H.
Bolton and Mr. Staunton, we understand, is not finished.
X. Y., Ludlow.—When in town apply to the Honorary Secretary of
the London Chess Club ; or to Mr. Goode, at the new Chess Rooms, 39,
Ludgate-hill.
J. G., Windsor.—We have received three or four communications on
the subject. Two Knights cannot effect mate even with the assistance
of the King. J. G. should make himself master of Mr. Lewis's capital
Treatise, called " Chess for Beginners."
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 25
M.—The Chess Player's Chronicle may be obtained of any Bookseller,
or at Goode's Chess Rooms, and Ries' " Grand Divan."
E. H. S.—The solution of Mr. Bolton's Problem, in 44 moves, which
we published last week, is correct : our Correspondent should examine it
more carefully. The irerr€ia and Latrunculi more nearly resembled
the game E. H. S. mentions, called " The Philosopher's Game," than
Chess, with which neither Greeks nor Romans appear to have been
acquainted. We cannot promise to reprint " Caissa Rediviva;" it was
intended and is suitable only for private circulation.
Hereford.—We have much pleasure in acknowledging the receipt
of a very acceptable budget of Chess news ; much of which we purpose
making available for the pages of our Chronicle.
Anti-Quacks.—Need not be apprehensive we shall forget or ne
glect the subject. " The Treatise " shall have due attention. The
paragraph to which Mr. Lewis's letter referred, appeared in the paper
mentioned. We shall gladly find space for the promised " Sketches of
Metropolitan Chess Players," and request they may be forwarded im
mediately.
Croydon.—The best games played by the Automaton in England,
were those with Messrs. Cochrane and Brand. The Automaton did not
invariably conquer.
Norwich.—F. may obtain the Chess Chronicle through Mr. Stacey,
or any other respectable bookseller of Norwich ; and as it is published in
London on Friday, he may easily receive it by Saturday evening. Check
mate, in the position sent us, may be postponed three or four moves, by
sacrificing the Kt. ; but for which it would well deserve publication.
Rory.—Is " K. B. P. two a good method of opening the game for
the first player?"—Yes. "What is the best answering move for the
defence ?"—Either " K. B. P. two," or " Q. P. two."
Bath, N k.—The first series of " Lessons on Chess," we find, is
out of print.
Pools of Chess are rarely played in this country, but very frequently
in France. Some years since, M. Des Chappelles, M. De la Bourdon -
nais, and Mr. Cochrane played together a match, consisting of twenty-one
pools ; the first player giving to the other two the odds of a pawn and
two moves, and they playing together upon equal terms. The result of
the match, which lasted many days, was as follows :—
M. Des Chappelles won six pools.
M. De la Bourdonnais fourteen ditto.
And Mr. Cochrane was a winner of only one pool.
It is much to be regretted that a series of games so interesting as these
must have been was not preserved.
We have received, but too late for examination this week, the Sixth
Edition of Johann Allgaier's " Anweisung zum Schachspiele Vienna ;"
and also a Seventh Edition of the same work, containing ten new tables.
26 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
INTRODUCTION.
In presenting a series of " Lives of Eminent Men," to the readers of the
British Miscellany, it is not proposed to do so at any precise length,
in any fixed order, or according to any specific chronological or consecu
tive serial arrangement. Thus, instead of a continuous set of papers
appearing on the lives of certain philosophers, poets, or historians, it may
happen that the biography of a Tuscan philosopher may be succeeded
by that of a Greek or Roman poet—that by the memoir of a British
statesman or ecclesiastic—and that again, by the life of an historian of
ancient or modern times. And this will be seen to be matter of secondary
consideration only,.as the object is not so much to detail, in a prescribed
order, the lives of classes of men, as to familiarize the public mind' with
the habits, pursuits, and characters of celebrated individuals of different
eras, and of diverse pursuits ; and also to impart, in a commodious and
popular form, a knowledge of the leading events of the periods in which
they flourished.
Of all the branches of knowledge which have ever engaged the atten
tion of the wise and the good, that which will obviously first claim our
attention, is that of experimental philosophy ; not only because it may
in some respects be regarded as coeval with creation, but because it has
been the means of conferring so large an amount of happiness upon man
kind, mentally, morally, and physically. And the varying fortunes of
Galileo—the important discoveries he made, and the persecutions to which
they subjected him—the times in which he lived—the influence which he
exercised on the system of philosophy then in vogue—the impetus which
he gave to the advancement of experimental philosophy—and the position
which he rightfully holds in the philosophical and scientific world gene
rally—prove him not unworthy to receive precedence of consideration
over his cotemporaries or immediate predecessors.
Before entering, however, upon any detailed account of Galileo's life
and later pursuits, it may not be uninteresting or unimportant, as intro
ductory to the lives of the " Eminent Modern Philosophers," to glance
at the progress of physical science previous to the revival of letters in .
Europe, and at its condition at the time when Galileo may be said, by
reason of his investigations and experiments, and the truths which he
established, to have effected an entire revolution in experimental philo
sophy.
Philosophy, then, may be described as a process of reasoning in know
ledge, natural and moral, in a search after truth, or, as it has been other
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 27
wise defined, "that love of wisdom which invites to the pursuit of impor
tant and useful science."* It is not to be supposed, that it has been at all
times progressive. On the contrary, philosophy and science have had
their ebbings and flowings, their rising and falling tides ; and, even
amidst their most lustrous eras, there have been times of darkness and
shadow. In fact, till within little more than two centuries ago, for a
long series of ages, natural philosophy continued to be stationary, or eveu
to decline, f
Philosophy (comprehending under the term Metaphysical and Ethical
Philosophy, and Mathematical and Physical Science) has relation to three
distinct epochs :—
I. The Ancient.
II. The Middle.
III. The Modern.
The first of these eras comprises the Barbaric and Grecian Philosophy,
commencing with the origin of science, and terminating with its decline
and final extinction in Alexandria, by the invasion of the Saracens, and
the destruction of the Alexandrian Library, a. d. 640. The second
includes a period of about 1000 years, viz.—from the commencement
of the middle ages to the revival of letters, down to the beginning of
the seventeenth century,—that is, to the time when Dante, Petrarch, Boc
caccio, Ariosto, Aretino, Politianus, and others, spread a taste for litera
ture throughout Italy, and led the way for Erasmus and More, and for
Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Bacon, to dissipate the long night of
the middle ages, by a general diffusion of knowledge and wisdom. The
third of these epochs embraces the progress of science from the dis
coveries of Newton to the present time.
It is the two former of these periods only which claim our attention
at present ; and it is the Mathematical and Physical Sciences, rather
than the various systems of metaphysical and ethical philosophy with
which we have now to deal.
As the philosophical and scientific researches which characterized the
primitive ages were naturally much restricted, so our knowledge of the
discoveries and amount of information of the earlier philosophers must
necessarily be very obscure. Their speculations, indeed, were mixed up
with so many errors and extravagancies, that, " in attempting to trace
the vestiges of early science, we find ourselves involved in no small
degree of confusion and uncertainty, among conflicting claims and
fictitious pretensions."J
The Hebrew, the Chaldean, the Chinese, the Indian, and the Egyptian
systems of philosophy, strictly speaking, however they may have pre
pared the way for the speculations of the sages of Greece and Rome,
so far as our information permits of our judging, never attained to any
• Enfield's Hist. Phil. t Life of Galileo, Lib. Usef. Know.
X Prof. Powell's Hist. Phil.
28 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
degree of excellence ; and of physical science they were almost totally
ignorant.
Astronomy, from obvious causes, must necessarily have been the
science the first to attract attention, and that which would in all proba
bility be the most successfully prosecuted. The observations of the
early astronomers, however, were limited merely to observations upon
the larger luminaries ; whilst, among the Chaldeans, the Egyptians,
the Etrurians, and others, their knowledge, or, more properly speaking,
their ignorance of the stars, was rendered subservient only to the ca
balistic arts, to augury, soothsaying, and astrology.
The Hebrews were doubtless indebted for their scientific knowledge to
their connection with Egypt. For we read that Moses " was learned in
all the wisdom of the Egyptians." Nevertheless the extent of their ac
quirements seems to have been extremely circumscribed.
The Chaldeans appear to have obtained the farthest insight into the
principles of astronomical science of any of these more remotely existent
nations, and "to have furnished the first materials for those comparisons
of the state of the heavens at distant periods, by which the great progres
sive changes in our system have been brought to light."* They seem to
have had some knowledge of eclipses. According to Diodorus Siculus
(II. 80, they were led to observe the motions of the planets ; and by other
authorities, they have had ascribed to them an acquaintance with the nature
of comets, with the duodecimal division of the day, and the use of the gno
mon ; whilst Ptolemy has handed down a series of astronomical calcula
tions, made by them, beginning with the era of Nabonassar, B.C. 747. Their
knowledge, however, was not sufficient to lead them to a correct notion of
the nature of either the celestial or the terrestrial bodies, if it be true, as it
is asserted of them, that they taught that, upon all the planets meeting
in Cancer, the world would be destroyed by fire ; and when in Capricorn,
by a flood—or that the true figure of the earth is typified by a boat. The
science of astrology seems to have been that to which the Chaldeans
chiefly directed their attention ; so that whatever their attainments might
really have been, it is evident that their application was ill directed, when
it led them to assert their possession of the power of divination ; of fore
telling future events ; of conferring good and of averting evil ; and
further that the affairs and destinies of men are governed by the stars,
whose action they pretended to read. " The name of Chaldean sooth
sayers is familiar upon the page of history, from the remotest times, and
their profession no doubt originated in the circumstance of their being
the first to pay attention to the motions of the heavenly bodies." f
There is perhaps no country in the world which has made such extra
vagant pretensions to antiquity, whether of origin, or of philosophical
* Professor Powell.
t Encyclopedia Metropolitans, div.3, vol. i. Introduc.to Greek Philosophy.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 29
acquirement, as the Chinese, and yet with so little positive ground for it.
According to Father Du Halde, they are reputed to have observed an
eclipse so early as b. c. 2155. This, however, could not possibly have
been the case, whatever the claims that may be made upon their behalf,
inasmuch as when first visited by the Jesuits, it appears that they were
incapable of calculating eclipses, or of making any celestial observations
whatever ; added to this, they were either of Scythian or Tartar origin,
and the Scythians themselves were unknown till about b. c. 637.*
Various accomplishments and inventions have also been ascribed by the
Chinese to their earlier emperors, Fohi, Shin Nong, Whang Ti, Yao, and
others ; but these are to be regarded only as so'many idle fables. Indeed,
whatever their pretensions, the Chinese appear really to have possessed
but few philosophical attainments. According to Mr. Davis, in a learned
paper in the Philosophical Transactions of 1823, they were wholly igno
rant of astronomy, until its introduction among them in the middle ages
by the Arabians. With geometry as a science the Chinese were equally
unacquainted, for the Jesuit Missionaries found among them very little
knowledge of the properties of space—a few rules for mensuration and
the famous property of the right angled triangle being all that they
could ascertain.f
With respect to the Indians, opinion has been much divided. It is pro
bable that at a distant period they had*made some considerable progress in
the mathematical sciences. In fact, from the circumstance that some
of the most distinguished men of Greece visited that country, there can
be but little doubt that, in comparison with the rest of the world, it must
at an early period have been one of eminent attainments. X " It ap
pears," says Professor Powell, " from the testimony of all who have in
quired into Indian literature, that they were early conspicuous for their
acquaintance with algebra ; they have evinced particular skill in the so
lution of problems of the class called intermediate ; their astronomical
tables prove that they were acquainted with the principal theorems of
spherical trigonometry ; and their tables of sines appear to be calculated
by means of second differences."
The ancient Arabians seem to have had little if any thing more than a
slight acquaintance with the astronomical sciences.
The Phoenicians, great in history as the merchants of Tyre and Sidon,
and for ages unequalled as navigators and colonists, were skilled in
astronomy and arithmetic. To them the invention of letters has been
ascribed,§—Cadmus, a Phoenician by birth, having been, according to
PROBLEM, No. 5.
White, playing first, checkmates in five moves.
JJlacit.
amhtte.
This clever stratagem is taken from Mr. Lewis's collection of
unpublished MS.
GAME X.
Played by correspondence between the Chess Players of Madras and of
Hyderabad. (Game the 1st.)
Madras. Hyderabad.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. Q. P. one
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. Q. B. P. one 4. P. takes P.
5. Q. Kt. takes P. 5. Q. B. P. one
6. K. Kt. to K. second 6. Q. R. P. two
7. Q. R. P. two 7. Q. B. to K. third
8. K. B. takes B. 8. K. B. P. takes B.
9. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth 9. Q. to K. second
10. Q. to Q. Kt. third 10. Q. P. one
11. K. Kt. takes K. P. 11. Q. Kt. to Q. R. third
12. K. Kt. takes B. 12. Q. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
13. Q. to Q. B. second 13. Q. P. one
14. Q. Kt. to Q. R. second 14. K. Kt. to K. B. third
15. Castles 15. K. R. takes Kt.
16. Q. Kt. P. two 16. Q.Kt. to Q. second
17. B. to Q. second 17. Q.R.P. takes P.
18. Kt. takes P. 18. Q. B.P. one
19. Kt. to Q. third 19. Q.Kt.P. one
20. Q. R. to K. 20. Q. to K. third
21. Kt. to K.B. fourth 21. Q. to K. fourth
22. Kt. to Q. fifth 22. K. Kt. to its fifth
23. K. B. P. two 23. Q. to Q. third
24. Q. tod. Kt.. third 24. Ql. to Q. B. third
25. Q. to K. Kt. third 25. K. Kt. to K. B. third
26. Q. takes K. Kt. P. 26. K. R. to K. B. second
27. Kt. takes Kt. (check) 27. Kt. takes Kt.
28. Q. to K. R. sixth 28. Castles
29. K. P. one 29. Q. R. to K. Kt.
30. K. Kt. P. one 30. K. R. to K. Kt. second
31. Q. to K. R. third (check) 31. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
32. K. B. P. one 32. K. to Q. Kt.
33. K. B. P. one 33. K. R. to K. B. second
34. K. R. to K. B. fourth 34. Kt. takes K. B. P.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
Madras. Hyderabad.
35. P. takes Kt. 35. K. R. takes P.
36. K. R. takes R. 36. Q. takes R.
37- R. to K. sixth 37. Q. to K.B. sixth
38. R. takes Q. Kt. P. (check) 38. K. to Q. R. second
39. R. to Q. Kt. second 39. Q. to her eighth (check)
40. K. to B. second 40. Q. to K. Kt. fifth
41. Q. takes K. R. P. (check) 41. R. interposes
42. Q. to K. R. sixth 42. R. to Q. Kt. second
43. R. takes R. 43. K. takes R.
44. Q. to K. B. fourth 44. Q. to K. third
45. K. R. P. two 45. Q. to her second
46. Q. to K. B. third (check) 46. K. to Q. R. second
47. Q. to Q. Kt. third 47. Q. to Q. B. third
48. Q. R. P. one 48. Q. B. P. one
49. Q. to Q. Kt. sixth (check) 49. Q. takes Q. (check)
50. P. takes Q. 50. K. takes P.
51. K. R. P. one, and wins.
The concluding Game of this interesting Match in our next.
GAME XI.
Played between Mr. Lewis and an Amateur of first-rate skill.
White. (Mr. Lewis.) Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Castles 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. K. B. to R. third (a)
7. Q. P. two 7. Q. to K. second (6)
8. Q. B. takes P. 8. Q. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. B. takes K. B. 9. K. Kt. takes B.
10. Q. to K. R. fifth 10. Q. to K. B.
11. K. R. to K. B. sixth 11. Q. to K. Kt. second
12. Q. takes Kt. 12. Q. takes Q. (c)
13. K. R. takes Q. 13. Q. Kt. takes Q. P.
14. Q. Kt. to Q. R. third 14. Q. B. P. one (rf)
15. K.R. to Q. sixth 15. Kt. to K. third
16. Q. R. to Q. 16. K. R. to K. Kt.
17. K. B. takes Kt. 17. K. B. P. takes B.
18. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 18. K. R. to K. Kt. fourth
19. K. to K. B. second 19. K. to his second
20. Kt. to K. third 20. Q. R. P. two
21. K. to K. B. third 21. Q. Kt. P. two
22. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth 22. Q. R. to its second
D2
36 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. Lewis.) Black.
23. K. to K. B. fourth (e) 23. K. R. to Q. B. fourth
24. Q. B. P. one 24. Q. Kt. P. one
25. P. takes P. 25. P. takes P.
26. Kt. to K. fifth 26. K. R. to Q. B. seventh
27. Q. R. P. two 27. K. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
28. K. R. takes Q. B. P. 28. K. R. to K. B. seventh (ch.)
29. K. to his third 29. R. to K. B.
30. Q. R. to Q. B. 30. Q. B. to Q. R. third
31. K. R. to Q. B. seventh 31. R. takes R.
32. R. takes R. 32. K to Q. third
33. R. to Q. R. seventh 33. K. takes Kt.
34. R. takes B. 34. R. to Q. Kt.
35. R. to Q. R. fifth (check) 35. Q. P. two
36. P. takes P. 36. P. takes P.
37. K. to Q. third 37. R. to Q. B. sq.
38. R. to Q. Kt. fifth 38. R. to Q. B. sixth (check)
39. K. to Q. second 39. R. to Q. B. fifth
40. Q. R. P. one 40. R. to K. B. fifth
41. Q. R. P. one 41. R. to K. B. seventh (check)
42. K. to Q. third 42. R. to Q. R. seventh
43. R. takes Q. Kt. P. 43. R. takes Q. R. P.
GAME.
GAME XII.
Lively Game, recently played at Gooue's Chess Rooms, Ludgate
Hill, between Mr. S and a Member of a leading Provincial Chess
Club.—The White pieces were played by Mr. S ..
Black. White.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. to K. second (a)
5. Q. P. two 5. K. P. takes P.
6. Castles 6. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
7. Kt. takes Kt. 7. Q. takes Kt.
8. K. B. P. two 8. P. takes P. discovering check
9. K. to R. 9. Q. to Q. fifth (6)
10. Q. to her Kt. third 10. K. Kt. to R. third
11. Q. Kt. takes P. II. Q. B. P. one
12. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 12. Q. Kt. P. two
13. Kt. takes B. 13. P. takes B.
14. Q. to Q. R. third 14. Kt. to K Kt. fifth
15. K. R. P. one 15. K. R. P. two
16. K. P. one 16. Q. R. P. two
17. Q. B. to Q. second (c) 17. Q. takes B.
18. Kt. to K. fourth 18. Q. to her sixth
19. Kt. to Q. sixth (check) 19. K. to B. (ri)
20. Q. Kt. P. one 20. K. to K. Kt.
21. K. R. to B. third 21. Q. to her fifth
22. Q. R. to K. B. 22. Kt. to K. sixth
23. Q. R. to K. B. second 23. Q. to her eighth (check)
24. K. to R. second 24. Kt. to Kt. fifth (check)
25. K. to Kt. third 25. Q. to K. R. eighth
26. Q. R. to K. B. (e) 26. Q. to K. R. seventh (check)
27. K. to R. fourth 27. Q. takes K. Kt. P.
28. Kt. to K. B. fifth 28. Kt. takes K. P.
29. Kt. to K. seventh (check) 29. K. to R second
30. K. R. to B. second 30. Kt. to Kt. third (check)
31. Kt. takes Kt. 31. Q. takes Kt. and wins.
GAME XIII.
In the Match of Twenty-one Games, begun in June, 1834, between
Mons. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell. (Game the 1st.)
M. De la B. Mr. M'D.
K. P. two 1. K. P. two
Q. P. two 2. P. takes P.
K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. B. P. two (a)
K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. B. P. one 5. Q. to K. B. third
6. Castles 6. Q. P. one
7. P. takes P. 7. P. takes P.
8 K. Kt. to Kt. fifth 8. K. Kt. to R. third
9 K. B. P. two 9. K. B. to K. second
10 K. P. one (i) 10. Q. to K. Kt. third
11. P. takes P. 11. Q. takes P.
12. Q. Kt. to R. third 12. Castles
13. K. B. to Q. third 13. ft. B. to K. B. fourth
14. Q. Kt. to B. fourth 14. Q. to K. Kt. third
15. K. Kt. to B. third 15. B. takes B.
16. a. Kt. to K. fifth 16. B. to Q. B. seventh
1 7. Kt. takes Q. 17. B. takes Q.
18. Kt. takes B. (check) 18. Kt. takes Kt.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 89
M. De la B. Mr. M'D.
19. R. takes B. 19. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth (c)
20. K. Kt. P. two (d) 20. K. Kt. to K. sixth
21. B. takes Kt. 21. P. takes B.
22. R. to Q. seventh (e) 22. K. R. to K.
23. Q. R. to K. 23. Kt. to K. Kt. third
24. K. B. P. one 24. Kt. to K. B. fifth
25. R. to Q. fourth 25. Kt. to R. sixth (check)
26. K. to Kt. second 26. Kt. to K. B. seventh
27. R. to Q. B. fourth 27. Q. R. to Q.
28. K. R. P. one 28. K. R. P. one
29. Q. R- to K. second 29. Q. Kt. P. two
30. R. to Q. fourth 30. R. takes R.
31. Kt. takes R. 31. Q. R. P. one
32. K. to K. B. third 32. Kt. takes R. P.
33. R. takes P. 33. Kt. to Kt. fourth (check)
34. K. to B. fourth 34. R. takes R.
35. K. takes R. 35. K. Kt. P. one
36. P. takes P. 36. P. takes P.
37. Kt. to Q. B. sixth 37. Kt. to K. third
38. K. to K. fourth 38. K. to B. second
39. K. to K. fifth 39. K. R. P. one
40. P. takes P. 40. P. takes P.
41. K. to K. B. fifth 41. Kt. to Q. B. second
42. Q. Kt. P. one 42. K. to his square
43. Q. R. P. two 43. P. takes P.
44. P. takes P. 44. Kt. to Q. fourth
45. K. to Kt. fifth 45. Kt. to K. second
46. Kt. to Q. Kt. eighth 46. Q. R. P. one
47. Kt. to Q. R. sixth 47. Kt. to K. Kt. third
48. K. takes P. 48. Kt. checks
49. K. to Kt. fifth 49. Kt. to K. third (check)
50. K. to B. fifth 50. K. to Q. second
51. K. to his fifth I 51. Kt. to Q.
AND THE GAME AS DECLARED DRAWN.
Notes to Game XIII.
(a) This move is not so good as checking with K.'s Bishop.
(6) Black's pieces are now grievously embarrassed, but his opponent's
next move serves, in some degree, to liberate them.
(c) The four or five preceding moves are cleverly played on both sides ;
we think, however, the skirmish has not improved the aspect of White's
game. The second player's pieces have full scope for action, and he still
retains the advantage of an extra pawn.
(d) It may be serviceable to the young player, to remark, that, had
White, instead of this move, taken the pawn with Knight, he would have
lost a piece by his adversary playing Rook to Queen's square.
40 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
(e) De la Bourdonnais would have obtained a better game, we think,
by playing his Rook to Queen's third.
In the above Game there is nothing calling for particular comment ; it
is well and steadily played throughout, and reflects credit upon Mr.
M'Donnell from the coolness and precision displayed in his first
"joust" with so distinguished an opponent.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" D. J., Ries' Divan."—We purpose taking an early opportunity of
soliciting attention to the subject ; but we must decline the insertion of
D. J.'s letter, which is in no respect adapted for publication. The pro
mised reprint of De la Bourdonnais and M'Donnell's Games commences
in the present number, and will be continued until the whole of them
are given.
" C. B. W. (Norwich Post-mark.)"—The solution is incorrect. At
the 6th move of the variation (a) " Rook to K. B. 4th mates," the Rook
must make a Kt.'s move to reach the square named.
" R. P. L., Vauxhall." — The highly ingenious thesis upon the
Knight's leaps is deserving of more attention than we have leisure this
week to bestow on it. Before the appearance of our next number we
hope to be enabled to give it due consideration.
" W. F. H., Manchester."—Every facility for the enjoyment of a
quiet game at Chess is* afforded in Goode's commodious and elegant
Chess Rooms on Ludgate Hill—the " Trysting " place now of the finest
players in the metropolis.
" F. M—g's " game is " all too weak " for our Chronicle ; and there
are several clerical errors in it which we have no time to correct.
" G. R., Leamington," and " A Templar."—The article on the
Automaton Chess Player, which was commenced in our First Series, will
be completed in an early number.
"Clericus."—We are justly proud of the good opinion this esteemed
correspondent entertains of our exertions, but must confess his sugges
tions do not appear to us available.
" A Citizen."—Yes. Surpassing our most sanguine anticipations ;
the whole of the first impression was disposed of early in the week.
"A Constant Subscriber," is not an attentive reader; we an
swered his query in the last number.
"J. M." Had better send his communication to the person mentioned.
We have particularly to request that the Secretaries of the various
Chess Clubs throughout England will furnish us with a list of their
several Clubs, and an account of any Matches in which they may be en
gaged ; as we propose keeping a correct register of all Matches played in
future.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 41
A MORALITY ON CHESS.
BY THE LORD POPE INNOCENT.
"This whole world is nearly like a Chess-board, one point of which is
white, the other black, because of the double state of life and death,
grace and sin. The familie of this Chess-board are like the men of this
world ; they all come out of one bag, and are placed in different situations
in this world, and have different appellations. One is called King,
another Queen, the third Rook, the fourth Knight, the fifth Alphin, the
46 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
sixth Pawn. The condition of the game is that one takes the other, and
when the game is finished, as they all came out of one bag they are put
into the same place together. Neither is there any difference between
the King and the poor Pawn; and it often happens that when one
familia is thus put by to rest in its bag, the King lies at the bottom, just
as the great will find themselves in their transit from this world to hell.
In this game the King goes and takes in all the circumjacent places in a
direct line, a sign that the King takes every thing justly, and that he -
must never omit doing justice to all uprightly ; for in whatever manner
a King acts it is reputed just, and what pleases the sovereign has the
vigour of law. The Queen, whom we call Fers, goes and takes in an
oblique line, because women being an avaricious breed {genus), whatever
they take beyond their merit and grace, is rapine and injustice. The
Rook is a judge, who perambulates the whole land in a strait line, and
should not take any thing in an oblique manner by bribery and corrup
tion, nor spare any one. Thus they verify the saying of Amos, ' Ye have
turned judgment into gall, and the fruit of righteousness into hemlock.'
But the Knight in taking goes one point directly and then takes an
oblique circuit, in sign that Knights and the Lords of the Land may
justly take the rents due to them, and their just fines from those who
have forfeited them, according to the exigence of the case : their third
point being obliquely, applies to them so far as they extort subsidies and
unjust exactions from their subjects. The poor Pawn always goes
directly forward is his simplicity, but whenever he will take, does so
obliquely. Thus man, whilst he remains satisfied with his poverty, lives
in a direct line ; but when he craves temporal honours, by means of lies,
perjuries, favours, and adulation, he goes obliquely till he reaches the
superior degree of the Chess-board of this world ; then the Pawn changes
to Fers, and is elevated to the rank of the point he reaches, just like
poverty promoted to rank, fortune, and consequential insolence. The
Alphins are the various prelates of the church, Pope, Archbishop, and
their subordinate Bishops, who rise to their Sees not so much by Divine
inspiration as by royal power, interest, entreaties, and ready money.
These Alphins move and talce obliquely three points, for almost every
prelate's mind is perverted by love, hatred, or bribery, not to reprehend
the guilty, or bark against the vicious, but rather to absolve them of their
sins : so that those who should have extirpated vice are, in consequence
of their own covetousness, become promoters of vice and advocates of
the Devil.
" In this Chess-game the Devil says Check, whenever he insults and
strikes one with his dart of sin ; and if he that is thus struck cannot im
mediately deliver himself, the Devil resuming the move says to him mate,
carrying his soul along with him to prison, from which neither love nor
money can deliver him—for from hell there is no redemption. And as
huntsmen have various hounds for taking various beasts, so the Devil
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 47
and the world have different vices which differently entangle mankind,
for all that is in this world is either lust of the flesh, lust of the eyes, or
proud living."
JRShtte.
GAME XIV.
Concluding Game in the Match between Madras and Hyderabad.
Hyderabad. Madras.
1. K. Kt. P. one (a) 1. K. B. P. two
2. K. B. to K. Kt. second 2. K. Kt. to B. third
3. Q.. B. P. two 3. K. P. two
4. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 4. K. B. to K. second
5. Q. P. two 5. K. P. takes P.
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. B. P. one
7. K. Kt. to K. R. third 7. Q. Kt. to Q. R. third
8. Q. R. P. one 8. Q. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
9. Q. to Q. 9. Castles
10. Castles 10. Q. Kt. to K. fifth
11. Q. to Q. B. second 11. Q. P. two
12. K. R. to Q. - 12. Q. B. to K. third
VOl. I.—N. S.
50 the british miscellany,
Hyderabad. Madras.
13. K. Kt. to its fifth 13. Q. to Q. B.
14. Q. B. P. takes P. 14. Q. B. P. takes P.
15. K. Kt. takes Kt. 15. K. B. P. takes Kt.
16. Q. B. to K. third 16. K. Kt. to its fifth
17. Q. B. to Q. fourth 17. K. B. to K. Kt. fourth
18. K. R. P. one 18. Kt. takes K. B. P. (A)
19. K. R. to K. B. 19. Kt. takes K. R. P. (check)
20. K. to R. second 20. K. R. to Q.
21. Q. to Q. Kt. third 21. K. R. P. two
22. K. B. takes Kt. 22. Q. B. takes B. .
23. Kt. takes Q. P. 23. Q. B. to K. third
24. K. R. to K. B. fifth 24. K. R. takes Kt.
25. K. R. takes R. 25. Q. to B. third
26. K. R. takes B. 26. B. takes Q.
27. R. takes P. (check) (c) 27. K. to B.
28. Q. R. to K. B. (check) 28. K. to his square.
29. Q. R. to K. B. sixth (rf) 29. Q. to Q. B. seventh
30. Q. R. to K. R. sixth 30. Q. takes P. (check)
31. K. to K. R. third 31. Q. to K. B. eighth (check)
32. K. to R. fourth 32. Q. to K. B.
33. Q. R. takes P. 33. B. to K. B. second
34. K. R. takes B. 34. K. takes R.
35. R. to K. B. fifth (check) 35. K. to his third
36. R. takes Q. 36. R. takes R.
37. B. takes Q. R. P. 37. K. to B. fourth
38. K. to R. third 38. R. to Q.
39. B. to Q; Kt. sixth 39. R. to Q. sixth
40. K. to R. fourth 40. K. P. one
41. K. Kt. P. checks 41. K. to B. fifth
42. B. to Q. B. seventh (check) 42. K. to B. sixth
43. K. Kt. P. one 43. K. P. one
44. B. to Q. R. fifth 44. R. to Gt. eighth
45. K. Kt. P. one 45. K. P. one, becoming a Q.
46. B. takes Q. 46. R. takes B.
47. K. to Kt. fifth 47. K. to his fifth
48. K. Kt. P. one 48. R. to K. Kt. eighth (check)
49. K. to B. sixth 49. K. to Q. fifth
50. K. to B. seventh 50. K. to B. fifth
51. Q. R. P. one 51. K. to Kt. sixth
52. Q. R. P. one 52. K. takes Q. Kt. P. and wins.
GAME XV.
Recently played between the Hon. Secretary of the London Chess Club,
and another strong Metropolitan player.
White. (Mr. .) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. to K. Kt. second
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. P. one
6. Castles 6. Q. B. to K. third
7. Q. to Q. third 7. Q. B. takes B.
8. Q. takes B. 8. K. R. P. one
9. K. Kt. P. one 9. K. Kt. P. one
10. K. Kt. to K. R. fourth 10. P. to K. B. sixth
11. K. Kt. toK. B. fifth 11. K. B. to its third
12. K. P. one 12. P. takes P.
13. P. takes P. 13. K. B. to K. Kt. fourth
14. Q takes K. Kt. P. 14. B. takes B.
15. Q. takes P. (a) 15. Q. to Q. second
16. K. R. takes U (6) 16. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
17. K. P. one 17. P. takes P.
18. Q. checks 18. K. to B.
19. K. R. to K. B. 19. P. takes Kt.
20. K. R. takes P. (check) 20. K. to Kt. second
21. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (check) 21. K. to R. second
B 2
52 THE Bl MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. .) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
22. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 22. K. Kt. to K. B. third (c)
23. Q. to K. B. fourth 23. K. R. to K. B. (d)
24. K. R. takes Kt. 24. Q. to Q. fifth (check)
25. Q. takes Q. 25. Kt. takes Q.
26. Q. R. to K. B. 26. R. takes R.
27- R. takes R. 27. K. to Kt. second
28. R. to K. B. second 28. R. to K.
29. K. to Kt. second 29. Q. B. P. one
30. R. to Q. second 30. Q. B. P. one
31. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 31. Q. Kt. P. one
32. Q. Kt. P. two 32. R. to K. fourth
33. Q. B. P. one 33. Kt. to K. third
34. P. takes P. 34. Kt. takes P.
35. Kt. takes Kt. 35. R. takes Kt.
36. R. to Q. seventh (check) 36. K. to Kt. third
37. R. takes Q. R. P. 37. R. takes Q. B. P.
38. R. to Q. R. sixth 38. R. to Q. B. seventh (check)
39. K. to R. third 39. R. to Q. Kt. seventh
40. Q. R. P. two 40. K. to Kt. fourth
41. Q. R. P. one 41. P. takes P.
42. R. takes P. (check) 42. K. to Kt. third
43. K. Kt. P. one 43. R. to Q. Kt. third
44. K. to R. fourth 44. R. to Q. B. third
45. K. R. P. one 45. R. to Q. Kt. third
46. R. to K. B. fifth 46. R. to Q. Kt. sixth
47. R. to K. B. second 47. R. to Q. B. sixth
48. R. to K. second 48. R. to Q. B. third
49. K. to Kt. third (e)
GAME XVII.
Lively partie played at the London Chess Club, by the Secretary of
the London Club and Mr. , a Member of the same Club.
White. (Hon. Secretary.) Black. (Mr. -0
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
54 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Hon. Secretary.) Black. (Mr. .)
5. Q. P. two (a) 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Castles 6. P. takes Kt. P. (6)
7. R. takes the doubled P. 7. K. Kt. to R. third
8. Q. to R. fifth 8. Q. to K. second
9. Q. Kt. to B. third 9. Q. B. P. one
10. K. P. one 10. B. to K. Kt. second (c)
11. Kt. to K. fourth 11. Castles
12. R. to B. sixth 12. Q. P. two
13. Q. B. takes Kt. 13. B. takes B.
14. R. takes B. 14. K. B. P. two
15. Kt. to B. sixth (check) 15. R. takes Kt.
16. Q. to Kt. fifth (check) 16. K. to R. (d)
17. P. takes R. 17. Q. to K. B. second
18. Q. R. to K. 18. B. to Q. second
19. R. to K. seventh 19. Q. to K. Kt.
20. Q. R. takes R. P. (check) 20. Q. takes R.
21. Q. to K. Kt. seventh (check
mate).
Notes to Game XVII.
(a) This variation on the " Muzio " Gambit, was formerly considered
the strongest method of playing the opening ; unless properly opposed, it
certainly gives a fine attacking position to the first player.
(6) Instead of this move, Mr. Lewis recommends the advance of Q.'s
Pawn two squares.
(c) " Queen's Pawn two " would have been better play.
(d) Had the second player interposed his Queen at this point, it appears
to us he would have obtained a winning Game.
GAME XVIII.
In the Match of Twenty-one Games, begun in June, 1834, between
Mons. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell. (Game the 2nd.)
M. De la B. Mr. M'D.
K. P. two 1. K. P. two
K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. Q. to K. B. third (a)
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. to Q. sixth (6)
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. P. one
7. Castles 7. Q. to K. Kt. third
8. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 8. K. B. to K. second
9. Q. Kt. to Q. second 9. K. R. P. two
10. K. R. to K. 10. Q. B. to R. sixth
11. K. Kt. to R. fourth 11. B. takes K. Kt.
12. Q. takes Q. B. 12. B. to K. B. third.
AND CHESS PLAYEu'b CHRONICLE. 55
M. De la B. Mr. M'D.
13. K. P. one 13. P. takes P.
14. Q. B. takes P. 14. B. takes B.
15. K. B. P. two 15. K. Kt. to K. second
16. P. takes B. 16. Q. to K. Kt. fifth
17. Q. takes Q. 17. P. takes Q.
18. Q. Kt. to Kt. third 18. K. Kt. to Kt. third
19. K. P. one 19. K. B. P. two
20. Q. R. to a 20. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
21. K. B. to Q. third 21. K. R. to R. fourth
22. K. B. to Q. B. second 22. K. to his second
23. Q. Kt. to Q. fourth 23,. K. to K. B. third
24. K. R. to K. B. 24. K. Kt. to K. second
25. Q. Kt. P. two 25. Q. R. to K. R.
26. Kt. to K. second « 26. R. takes R. P.
27. Kt. to K. Kt. third 27. K. Kt. P. one (c)
28. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 28. K. to K. Kt. fourth
29. Q. R. to K. 29. Kt. to Q. sixth
30. Q. R. to K. third 30. Kt. to K. B. fifth (d)
31. K. R. to B. second 31. K. R. to its second
32. K. R. to Q. second 32. Q. Kt. to R. fourth
33. Kt. takes Kt. 33. R. takes Kt.
34. K. to B. second 34. K. B. P. one
35. Q. R. to K. fifth (check) 35. Kt. interposes
36. K. P. one 36. Q. R. to K.
37. K. R. to Q. seventh 37. K. R. to its second
38. K. R. takes Q. B. P. 38. K. R. takes P.
39. K. R. takes R. 39. R. takes R.
40. R. takes R. 40. Kt. takes R.
41. Q. R. P. two 41. K. to B. fourth
42. Q. R. P. one 42. K. to his fourth
43. K. B. to Q. 43. P. checks
44. K. to B. third 44. Kt. to Q. fourth
45. K. B. to Q. B. second 45. K. Kt. P. one
46. U. Kt. P. one 46. Kt. takes P.
47. Q. Kt. P. one 47. P. takes P.
48. P. takes P. 48. Kt. to Q. Kt. fourth (e)
49. K. to Kt. fourth 49. Kt. to Q. third
50. B. to Q. third 50. Kt. to K. fifth
51. B. to K. second 51. K. to Q. fifth
52. B. to B. third 52. K. to his fourth
53. B. to K. second 53. K. to B. third
54. B. to K. B. third 54. Kt. to K. B. seventh (check)
55. K. to R. fifth 55. K. Kt. P. one
56. B. takes Q. Kt. P. 56. K. to his second
57. B. to Q. B. eighth 57. K. to Q. third
58. B. takes K. Kt. P. 58. K. to B. third
DRAWN GAME,
5(i THE BRITISH MISCELLANY.
Notes to Game XVIII.
(a) A favourite move of Mr. M'Donnell's in defending this opening.
It is more advisable perhaps to check with the King's Bishop first; if the
attacking player then moves Q. B. P. one square, Q.'s Pawn takes that
Pawn, and upon his Castling (the customary move) the Queen may be
played to K. B. third.
(6) This is better than taking the Q. B. P. with P. now, since doing so
would bring the adverse Q.'s Kt. into full play.
(c) He might have done well, probably, if, instead of this move, he had
checked with the Q.Js Kt., having in view the capture of K.'s B. if his
adversary took the Kt. with Pawn.
(rf) It will occur to the student that Mr. M'Donnell, instead of playing
thus, might have advanced K. B. P. with great advantage ; but upon a
careful examination of the position, which is a very interesting one, he
will discover that the opponent, by checking with his Kt. at King's
fourth, instead of taking Kt. with Rook, would have relieved himself
from the danger threatened.
(e) Mr. M'Donnell here overlooked an obvious opportunity of winning
the game : had he played Kt. to Q.'s fourth, the victory was his.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
"Mate, Halifax."—Address Mr. Goode, of the Chess Rooms,
Ludgate Hill. We cannot undertake to procure it.
" W. H., Richmond."—In the game alluded to, the first player could
have gained no advantage at the 16th move, by advancing his K. B. P.,
because his adversary, after taking the pawn with his Kt.'s P., would
have had his K. R. P. protected by the Queen.
Any communication forwarded for the gentleman named, will be duly
handed to him by our publisher.
" S. W."—We have received the Tract on " A New Game of Social
Chess;" and shall feel much indebted for the promised copy of Christie's
scarce Dissertation on the irerreio.
" A. M. F."—" Which is the best mode of play for the second player
of 'The Algaier Gambit,' at his 8th move, upon his opponent taking the
Gambit Pawn with Q. ? "—We believe the move recommended by
Horny,* of " K. B. to Q. third," is decidedly the best, and that the game
is afterwards all in favour of the second player.
" J. Morgan."—" Does stalemate constitute a drawn game in Paris
as well as in London ? "—The law respecting stalemate is the same in
Paris as here. When it occurs, the game is considered drawn. We do
not know the age of the player named.
Anweisung das Schachspiel. Cassel, 1824, 8vo.
AND CHESS PLAYEtt's CHRONICLE. 57
We have to acknowledge receiving, during the last week, lists of
Members belonging to the following Clubs :—Paris, Berlin, Liverpool,
Leeds, Manchester, Portsmouth, Lynn, Halifax, Maldon, Sheffield, Wake
field, Huddersfield, and Hull.
" A Well-Wisher."—Many letters on the subject have reached us,
and we purpose, in future, giving Solutions to the Problems in the fol
lowing Number.
"R. P. L., Vauxhall."—"The Knight's moves on the Chess
board." Appended to an ingenious pamphlet, published in 1821, en
titled " An Attempt to Analyse The Automaton Chess Player," we find
a series of plates, 38 in number, exemplifying the peculiar adaptation of
the Knight's movement to all the chequers on the Chess-board ; and
from the Appendix we learn that " Euler published a paper in the Me
moirs of the Academy of Berlin, 1759, which contains a method of filling
up all the squares, setting out from one of the corners. It also contains
an endless or interminable route, and explaining a principle by which
these routes may be varied so as to end upon any square. Montmort,
Demoivre, and Mairan have severally given solutions of the problem."—
As the subject is one which appears to possess much interest for our cor
respondent, we have left the work, for his examination, with our pub
lisher ; and shall be obliged by his informing us how far his own method
and that of Euler accords.
" Bristol Chess Club."—The promised Games shall have an early
place in our Chronicle, if forwarded immediately.
" C. B. W."—The position sent shall be examined, and reported upon
next week. Had White the first move ?
We shall be obliged to C. B. W. for the names of members connected
with the newly formed Club, and also for any particulars he may be
acquainted with respecting the M— Club, with which he is at present
corresponding.
The " Little Biographical Article " shall be thought of.
" H. F., Birmingham."—H. F. should send us the game to which
he refers. It is not an uncommon circumstance for perpetual check to
occur when there are even twice the number of pieces named upon the
board.
ORIENTAL OUTLINES.
by a foreign ambassador.
Sidon—Tyre—The Archbishop Debbas—Solomon's Well.
" What City is like unto Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea."
Eiekiel, xxvii. 32.
I had quitted the last declivity of Libanus, and was arrived
within a short distance of the sea-shore, when I was met by several
Armenian women, dressed in their long brown robes, their heads en
58 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
veloped in large painted shawls, the ends of which hung down upon
their shoulders. It was, in part, the costume of Dido—
" Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo."
They all appeared to glide mysteriously, like so many shadows, among
the trees in the gardens bordering on our route. One of them, as she
passed me, raised the long folds of the veil which concealed her features,
and, without stopping as she did so, addressed me in French, saying,
" Si vous etes Catholique, suivez moi." Accordingly, I dismissed the
janissary who accompanied me, telling him that I should return alone to
Seyda. After pursuing, for some time, several sequestered paths beside
the brooks which traverse the fertile valley, extending to the foot of the
first rocky heights of Libanus, I arrived, in company with my silent
guide, at the entrance of some deeply hollowed grottos lying contiguous
to, and leading the one into the other : these antique caverns were hewn
out of the mountain side by the ancient kings of Syria, and were used
by them as sepulchres. I found a crowd of women assembled there, all
kneeling in deep devotion before a rudely constructed altar, on which
were placed a few wax tapers and some fresh flowers. Shortly after, a
priest made his appearance, and performed mass in the Armenian
language. Then I recalled to mind the persecution which the Armenian
Catholic subjects of the Sublime Porte had recently suffered at Aleppo
and Damascus ; some of the priests, who were enabled to save themselves
by flight, had arrived as far as the environs of Seyda ; and as I had ad
mitted one of these proscribed refugees to a share of my apartment at
the convent where I lodged, I at once comprehended why this retreat
and this mystery. I was not the only man in the assembly, but by far
the greater number were females—proof at once of their piety and their
courage. Being too young at the period of the French revolution, this
was the first time—as it is doubtless the last—that I was ever compelled
to participate in our religious ceremonies in secret and by stealth ; yet it
seemed as though these very circumstances of danger and persecution
infused a yet deeper tone of fervid devotion into our common aspirations.
The mass being ended, as I prepared to quit the grotto, I again encoun
tered the individual who had introduced me to this pious reunion. She
was a native of France, born at Marseilles, and married in early life to a
merchant, who afterwards established himself in Syria, where, after
twenty years of fruitless exertion, he died but little richer than when he
quitted his native land. His poor widow continued to dwell at Seyda,
and had adopted the manners and costume of the Catholics of the moun
tain. She conducted me back as far as the aqueducts which convey
water from Libanus to Sidon, and there we parted for ever.
I had despatched a messenger to Tripoli, and, while waiting his return,
took some delightful walks among the beautiful gardens of Sidon. As I
passed along the paths which separate them, the hospitable possessors
invited me to enter, offering me their bananas, sugar-cane, and the
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 59
white apricot. This latter fruit grows in such abundance, and its qualities
are so nutritious, that the Arabs, generally very abstemious, make it
their principal food during the season. While this lasts, the inhabitants
of Sidon have their carpets conveyed down to the springs or rivulets that
water their gardens, and place them beneath the apricot trees, which
furnish them with so delicious a repast ; and thus they pass whole days,
reposing in the genial shade, amid their luxuriant parterres, with their
ambrosia hanging above, and the purest nectar rippling beside them.
My favourite walk was along the sea-shore to Beyrout ; the ancient
Mosaic pavement and the old ruined porticos which grace that route,
offering the strongest attractions to me. There, undisturbed, I mused on
the fate of Dido, the beautiful, the unhappy ; repeating to myself those
impassioned lines, wherein the beloved of jEneas bids a last farewell to life.
" Dulces exuvise, dum fata deusque sinebant," &c.
Then, in order to avoid the noonday heat, I returned through the
vaults of the convent of the Holy Land ; thence to the caravanserai, in
habited by five or six French families, who still reside in Sidon. That
same day I also visited the edifice, or rather the prison, which they call
the Pacha's palace. Blackened walls, ruined towers, large empty court
yards, a very small garden, invaded by brambles and thorns—nothing, in
a word, undespoiled by time—remain of what was once the seraglio of
one of the most powerful satraps of the Ottoman empire ; excepting one
magnificent tomb, overshadowed by trees of the richest verdure. Sidon
no longer retains even the title of a Pachalik ; the tyrants of Syria have
tranferred their residence to Ptolemais, and it is in vain that the Sublime
Porte refuses the title of provincial capital (E'ialet) to St. Jean d'Acre ;
wealth, honours, and all their attendant pomp and splendour, have fol
lowed the Pacha's court.*
For several years past, commerce has ceased to exist at Sidon ; the last
French Consul, during a sojourn of seven years, beheld but one French
vessel in the offing ; and that was cast, by force of tempest, on those
abandoned shores. Some few merchants of the country, tired with
sterile speculations, have embraced the more lucrative occupation of
physic. I laughed heartily at the recital of their visits, recompensed by
a small quantity of milk, a few eggs, or some rice ; though, doubtless,
the fee was proportioned to the skill and talents improvisated for the
occasion by the self-diplomatized practitioners. In a word, all the
opulence of Sidon has passed away to its two neighbours, Beyrout and
Acre. The former has become the entrepfit whence the Arabs of Libanus
and the desert derive all their provisions ; it forms also the seaport of
Damascus, and one of the most important dSboucMs of Syria. A few
days sufficed to despoil Sidon of all her prerogatives.
* These Outlines, though only now published, were penned in the year 1820 ; the
annals of 1840 present, however, a striking proof of the mutability of human
things.—Trans.
60 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
In the evening, when the light land breeze arose, I established myself
with the French Consul on the flat roof of the convent : carpets were
spread for us ; and while reposing on these portable divans, we spent
whole hours in watching the fishermen's boats, the bay, the rock of
Fakhr-el-din, the chain of high mountains stretching towards Antioch
and Ptolemais, and lastly the vast ocean plain, and the white sails which
" few and far between " occasionally skimmed its buoyant surface.
Night itself could not tear us from the objects of our contemplation;
beneath the fair skies of Syria the atmosphere is so clear, the air so
fresh and pure, the stars so transcendently brilliant.
On the 18th of June, at three o'clock in the morning, I left Sidon on
horseback, accompanied by a janissary and an Arab guide ; the road,
which ran parallel with the sea-shore, conducted us through fields planted
with excellent cotton and tobacco. This plain, which extends to the
mountains of Anti-Libanus, is about two leagues in width, and is admi
rably cultivated. At a short distance from the beach I was shown the
village of Elia ; it is a small hamlet, built on the ruins of the town of
Sarephta,* which sustained the prophet during the years of famine.
Passing onwards, we halted on the bank of a somewhat rapid river,
descending from the mountains, and crossed by a wooden bridge ; it was
the river Leontes, whose deep waters accumulate from the valleys in the
neighbourhood of Balbec. The Arabs call it Nakhr-el-Kasmieh (River of
Separation), because it divides the province of Sour from that of Said,
or, in other words, the territory of Tyre from that of Sidon. Whilst
taking my repose beside the river's brink, I saw a half-naked Arab
on horseback, armed with a very long reed, like a lance, with which, for
some time, he continued fishing with the most serious immobility ; both
the horse and his rider resembling a couple of warlike statues. After
making some ineffectual essays on one point, the cavalier started off at
full gallop for a happier spot, where again casting his line, he and his
courser resumed their marvellously fixed attitude; presently he ap
proached us with the produce of his piscatory efforts, and I bought a few
fish, which my guide suspended to his girdle, beside his kandjar and his
pistols.
I arrived at Tyre before noon ; and slowly and musingly paced the
Alexandrian road. Time and the waves, in destroying the city of the
Tyrians, have only added solidity to the mole of Alexander the Great : it
presents, at this day, a pier of more than two miles in length.
Passing through some half ruined gates, I alighted at a hut adjoining
a small chapel. These constituted the palace and the cathedral of the
Archbishop of Tyre. This venerable old man received me at the door of
his cabin. His appearance was most prepossessing : a flowing beard of
silvery whiteness descended nearly to the girdle of his violet tunic, on
BHhtte.
GAME XIX.
Finely contested Game in the Match between Messrs P—t and St—N.
Black. (Mr. P—t.) White. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. Kt. takes P. 4. Q. to K. R. fifth (a)
5. Q. to her third 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
7. Q. B. to Q. second 7. Q. Kt. to K. fourth (6)
8. Q. to K. third 8. Q. P. one (c)
9. K. B. to Q. third 9. Castles
10. K. Kt. to B. third 10. Q. to K. R. fourth
11. Kt. takes Kt. 11. P. takes Kt.
12. Castles on K. side 12. B. takes Kt.
vol. I.—n. s. t
66 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. P—t.) White. (Mr. St—n.)
13. B. takes B. 13. K. R. to K.
14. Q. to K. Kt. third 14. Q. to K. R. third
15. Q. R. to Q. (rf) 15. Kt. to K. R. fourth
16. Q. to K. B. third (e) 16. Kt. to K. B. third
17. K. R. P. one 17. Q. B. to Q. second
18. ft. to K. Kt. third 18. Kt. to K. R. fourth
19. Q. to K. R. fourth 19. Q. to K. Kt. third
20. Q. B. to Q. second 20. K. R. P. one
21. K. Kt. P. two 21. Kt. to B. third
22. Q. B. to Q. B. third (/) 22. Q. B. to Q. B. third
23. K. B. P. two 23. Kt. takes K. P.
24. Q. R. to K. (g) 24. Q. R. to Q. B.
25. B. takes K. P. 25. K. B. P. one
26. K. B. takes Kt. 26. B. takes B.
27. K. B. P. one 27. B. takes K. B. P. (A)
28. R. takes B. 28. P. takes B.
29. Q. to K. B. second 29. K. P. one
30. ft. takes Q. R. P. 30. Q. to her third
31. Q. to K. third 31. R. to K. third
32. K. to K. Kt. second 32. Q. Kt. P. one
33. Q. R. to K. second 33. Q. R. to K.
34. Q. B. P. two 34. Q. to Q. B. third
35. ft. Kt. P:, one 35. Q. R. to Q.
36. Q. to K. W. second 36. K. P. one (discovering check)
37. ft. to B. third 37. Q. to K.
38. K. R. to Q. fifth 38. R. takes R.
39- ft. takes R. 39. K. to R.
40. K. tp K. Kt. third 40. Q. to K. second
41. Q. to K. B. fifth 41 . Q. B. P. one
42. Q. to K. B. fourth 42. Q. B. P. one
43. K. R. P. one 43. R. to K. fifth
44. Q. to K. B. fifth 44. Q. to her third (check)
45. K. to K. B. third 45. R. to K. (i)
46. K. to K. Kt. second 46. R. to K. B.
47. Q. to K. fourth 47. R. to K. B. fifth
48. Q. to K. eighth (check) 48. K. to R. second
49. Q. takes K. P. 49. R. takes Kt. P. (check)
50. K. to K. R. third 50. R. to Q. fifth
51. Q. to K. fifth 51. R. to Q. sixth (check)
52. K. to K. Kt. second 52. Q. to Q. B. third (check)
53. Q. to K. fourth (check) 53. Q. takes Q.
54. R. takes Q. 54. R. to ft. seventh (check)
55. K. to B. third 55. R. takes P.
56. R. to K. sixth 56. R. to Q. R. third (/t)
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
Notes to Game XIX.
(a) This ingenious move, which is quite of modern origin, requires
great caution in answering. In the present position, if the first player
take Kt. with Kt., his opponent, by capturing K. P. with Q., gains the
Pawn.
(b) We believe that White might here have safely won King's Pawn,
by first taking ofi" Q.'s Kt.
(c) Had White now ventured to seize the Pawn, as recommended in
the preceding note, he would have remained with an inferior position.
K. B. takes Kt. - - - Q. B. takes B.
Q. or Kt. takes K. P. - - Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth, having the better Game.
(d) By examining the situation, the student of Chess will find that
Black, in taking the King's P. at this point, would have lost a piece.
(e) Instead of so playing, we should have hazarded Q. to K. R. fourth,
threatening to win the K. P. ; and if the adversary had thrown forward
his K. Kt. P. two squares, we should then have played Q. B. to Q.
second.
Black—Q. to K. R. fourth - - White—Kt. P. two
B. to Q. second K. B. P. one
K. Kt. P. two, winning a piece.
(f) Black would have weakened his Game by advancing K. Kt. P.
still further.
(g) Nothing could have been gained by attacking the Q. with K. B. P.,
either on this or on the following move.
(A) This very complex portion of the Game is well played on both
sides.
(i) Threatening to win the Q.
(k) The contest was prolonged to nearly pne hundred moves, and was
finally given up as a drawn game.
GAME XX.
We have been favoured by Mr. Lewis with the subjoined Game, just
played between M. P and M. J h, the two strongest players in
Russia. M. P gave the odds of Pawn and Move.
Black. (Mr. J—h.) White. (Mr. P .)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. K. P. one
5. Q. B. P. two 5. Q. B. takes Q. Kt.
6. Q. R. takes B. 6. K. B. checks
7. Q. B. to Q. second 7. B. takes B.
8. Q. takes B. 8. K. Kt. to K. second
F2
68 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (M. J—h.) White. (M. P .)
9. Q. Kt. P. two 9. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
10. Q. Kt. P. one 10. Q. Kt. to K. second
11. K. B. to Q. third 11. P. takes P.
12. K. B. takes P. 12. Q. Kt. to Q. fourth
13. Castles 13. Castles
14. K. Kt. to Kt. fifth 14. Q. to her second
15. K. Kt. P. two 15. K. Kt. to K. R. fifth
16. Q. to her third 16. K. Kt. to its third
17. K. B. takes Kt. 17. Q. takes B.
18. K. B. P. two 18. K. R. P. one
19- Kt. to K. R. third 19. Kt. to K. second
20. K. B. P. one 20. Q. to her second
21. Q. to Q. B. fourth 21. Kt. to Q. fourth
22. Kt. to K. B. fourth 22. Kt. takes Kt.
23. K. R. takes Kt. 23. Q. R. to K.
24. Q. R. to K. B. 24. Q. to her fourth
25. Q. takes Q. 25. P. takes Q.
26. K. P. one 26. Q. B. P. one
27. P. takes P. 27. P. takes P.
28. K. R. P. two 28. K. Kt. P. one
29. Q. R. to Q. Kt. 29. Q. R. takes K. P.
30. P. takes R. 30. R. takes R.
31. R. checks 31. K. to Kt. second
32. K. P. one 32. R. takes K. Kt. P. (check)
33. K. to B. second 33. R. to K. B. fifth (check)
34. K. to Kt. third 34. R. to K. fifth
35. P. becomes a Q. 35. R. takes Q.
36. R. takes R. And
M. P. RESIGNED.
GAME XXI.
This capital little Game was played recently at Goode's Chess Rooms,
between Mr. Lewis and an Amateur; the former giving the Queen's
Rook.
White. (Mr. Lewis.) Black. (Amateur.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. P. two (a)
4. K. B. takes Kt. 4. K. R. takes B.
5. Q. P. two 5 Q. Kt. takes P.
6 Kt. takes Kt. 6. P. takes Kt.
7. Q. takes P. 7. P. takes P.
8. Q. to her fifth 8. K. R. to its square
9. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 9. K. Kt. P. one
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 61)
White. (Mr. Lewis.) Black. (Amateur.)
10. Q. to K. fifth (check) 10. K. to K. B. second
11. Castles (6) 11. K. B. to K. Kt. second
12. Q. to her fifth (check) 12. K. to his square
13. K. B. P. one 13. P. takes P. (c)
14. R. checks 14. K. to B.
15. Q. takes P. (check) 15. K. to Kt.
16. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth (rf) 16. Q. to K. B.
17. Q. to her fifth (check) 17. Q. to K. B. second
18. R. checks 18. K. B. to its square
19. Q. B. to K. R. sixth (e)
AND CHE s next move.
GAME XXII.
Played between a Member of the London Chess Club and a strong
Player of the West-End Chess Club.
White. (Mr. P—.) Black. (Mr. W—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. one
5. Q. P. two 5. P. takes P.
6. Q. B. P. takes P. 6. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. K. R. P. one (a) 7. K. Kt. to B. third
8. Q. Kt. to B. third 8. Castles
9. Castles 9. K. R. P. one
10. Q. R. P. one 10. Q. Kt. to K. second (6)
11. Q. to Q. B. second 11. K. to R. (c)
12. Q. B. to K. third 12. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
13. Q. R. to Q. 13. K. Kt. to R. fourth
14. K. P. one 14. Q. Kt. to K. R. fifth
15. Kt. takes Kt. 15. Q. takes Kt.
70 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. P—.) Black. (Mr. W—
16. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth 16. Q. P. takes P.
17. Kt. takes K. B. 17. Q. B. P. takes Kt.
18. Q. P. takes P. 18. Q. B. to K. third
19. Q. R. to Q. fourth 19. Q. to K. second
30. K. B. to K. second 20. K. Kt. P. one
21. B. takes K. R. P. 21. K. R. to Q. B.
22. Q. to Q. second 22. Kt. to K. Kt. second
23. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 23. Q. to Q. B. second
24. B. to K. B. sixth 24. K. to R. second (rf)
25. R. to K. R. fourth (check) 25. Kt. to R. fourth
26. R. takes Kt. (check) 26. P. takes R.
27. K. B. checks, and Queen then
mates in two moves.
GAME XXIII.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 3rd.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. Q. to K. B. third
5. Castles 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. P. to Q. sixth
7. Q. takes P. 7. Q. to K. Kt. third
. 8. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 8. K. B. to K. second
9. Q. Kt. to Q. second 9. K. Kt. to R. third
10. Q. R. to K. 10. Castles .
11. K. Kt. to Q. fourth 11. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
12. B. takes Kt. 12. P. takes B.
13. K. Kt. to B. third 13. K. B. to Q. third
14. K. R. P. one 14. K. to R. (a)
15. K. Kt. to R. fourth 15. Q. to K. R. fourth
AND CHESS PLAYES'S CHRONICLE. 71
White. CM. Dk la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
16. Q. to K. Kt. third 16. K. B. P. two
17. Kt. takes P. 17. Kt. takes Kt.
18. P. takes Kt. 18. Q. B. takes P.
19. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 19. B. takes Kt.
20. R. takes B. 20. K. R. to B. third
21. Q. R. to K. R. fourth 21. Q. to K. B. fourth
22. Q. to K. third 22. Q. to her second
23. B. to Q. third 23. K. Kt. P. one
24. B. to K. fourth 24. Q. R. to K. B.
25. Q. to K. Kt. third 25. Q. to K. Kt. second
26. Q. Kt. P. two 26. Q. R. P. two
27. Q. R. P. one 27. P. takes P.
28. R. P. takes P. 28. Q. B. P. two
29. R. to Q. Kt. 29. P. takes P.
30. P. takes P. 30. K. B. to Q. B. second
31. K. to R. 31. R. to Q. Kt. third (i)
32. Q. Kt. P. one 32. K.B. toQ.
33. R. to K. Kt. fourth 33. K. Kt. P. one
34. B. to K. B. third 34. K. R. P. two
35. K. R. to K. fourth 35. K. Kt. P. one
36. P. takes P. 36. P. takes P.
37. Q. takes P. 37. R. checks
38. K. to Kt. 38. Q. to K. R. second
39. K. Kt. P. one 39. R. to K. Kt.
40. Q. to Q. B. eighth 40. B. to Q. Kt. third
41. Q. to Q. B. third 41. R. takes P. (check) (c)
42. K. to B. 42. B. to Q. fifth
43. Q. checks 43. R. interposes
44. Q. to Q. B. fourth 44. R. to K. R eighth (check)
45. K. to his second 45. R. takes R.
46. R. takes K. B. 46. R. to Q. Kt. seventh (check)
47. R. interposes 47. R. takes R.
48. K. takes R. 48. R. to Q. (check)
49. K. to his second 49. Q. to K. R. third
50. Q. to Q. B. third 50. Q. to K. Kt. second
51. B. to K. fourth 51. K. to Kt.
52. Q. to Q. Kt. third (check) 52. K. to B.
53. Q. to K. B. third (check) 53. ft. to K. B. second
54. B. takes P. 54. Q. takes Q.
55. K. takes Q. DRAWN game.
Notes to Game XXIII.
(a) An interesting variation arises from this position ; suppose Black,
instead of K. to R., played thus :
Q. B. takes R. P. - then White, as his hest, K. Kt. to R. fourth
ft. to K. Kt. fourth, threatening Q.'s Kt. - Q. Kt. to K. B. third.
Q. to Kt. fifth - - - - - If K. to R. second, then
Kt. to K. B. fourth - - White may, however, play K. to R.
72 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY, -
Black should, in that case, advance K. Kt. P. two ; and, if White took
Kt.'s P. with Kt., his adversary, by first taking K. Kt. P. with B. (check),
and afterwards capturing Q. Kt., would have a fine game.
(6) We think the K. B. P. might have been taken safely.
(c) The last few moves are admirably played by M'Donnell.
(cO Mr. Lewis has a note upon this move :—" If, instead of this, he
had played R. to adverse K. R. second, he would have won the Game."
(e) Had he taken the R. with P., White would have drawn the Game
by " perpetual check."
The result of the first six Games in this celebrated contest, three being
drawn and two won by our countryman, must have somewhat startled
De la Bourdonnais, who, upon his arrival, had confidently assured
Mr. Lewis that, after playing a few Games with Mr. M'Donnell, upon
even terms (winning them of course), he intended thoroughly beating
that gentleman, at the Pawn and Move, and should finally give him Pawn
and two Moves ; at which odds he anticipated winning about an equal
proportion of Games with his antagonist.
PROBLEM No. 8.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White to play, and give checkmate in nine moves.
AND CHESS PLATER'S CHRONICLE. 73
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" Orient."—We have been particular in our inquiries upon the sub
ject, and find that the Mr. Cochrane alluded to in Mr. Lewis's letter,
who conducted the Madras Games in the Match given in our preceding
Numbers, was not the celebrated Chess Player of the London Club.
From a gentleman resident in Madras at the period when this Match
was played, we learn that it excited a remarkable degree of interest, and
that upwards of 10,000 rupees were dependent on the result; but the un
timely death of Shah Sahib, the great player of Hyderabad, soon after
the commencement of the Games, occasioned all bets to be drawn. Row
Sahib, the next in skill to Shah Sahib, among the Hyderabad players,
and to whom they intrusted the conclusion of the Games, although a
good player, was vastly inferior to his renowned predecessor, from whom
in play he always received the odds of a Rook ; and there is every reason
for believing that had the former lived to play out the Match, he would
have won it. Mr. John Cochrane of the London Chess Club is now
living we believe in Bombay ; the entertaining work on Chess to which
our Correspondent refers, was written by him.
"T. N. and H. G."—Complain of the great difficulty they experience
in solving the problems published in " The Chess Player's Chronicle,"
and suggest the advisability of adapting them to the capacity of the large
majority of readers, " necessarily inferior players." Another Correspon
dent censures us for the introduction of stratagems so remarkably easy
of solution, that he plucks out the heart of their mystery " without even
setting up the pieces." We shall endeavour, as far as possible, to meet
the wishes of Correspondents, but should experience some difficulty in
producing problems adapted to capacities of every calibre.
" B. S."—" Can a King alone standing in front of three opposing
Pawns, stop them ?" Only in certain situations. Ponziani gives a
74 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
beautiful example of the Pawns winning against the King. Suppose
White to have a Pawn at Q. Kt. 7th, another at Q. B. 6th, and a third at
Q. R. 5th, and Black's King to be at his Q.'s Kt. square. When Black
moves King, as he must, either to Q.'s B. second or to Q.'s R. second,
White, sacrificing Q. Kt.'s P. wins easily by advancing the Rook's Pawn.
" C. B. W., Norwich."—Black ought to win, whichever party has
the move. Three Pawns on one side of the board, and two on the other,
we should prefer, cateris paribus, to four Pawns on one side, and one on
the other.
" T. K., York."—There are two small Chess Clubs at Hull ; one
known as the Kingston, the other as the Hull Chess Club. The meet
ings of the former are held at the Public Rooms, Kingston-square. Our
" Chronicle " ought to be delivered in York, with the other weekly pub
lications, on Saturday.
" G. S. S., Liverpool."—Many thanks for the promised assistance.
We shall be glad to find a niche for the pending Game when it is
concluded.
" S—R., Worcester."—A copy of the rules adopted by the London
Chess Club may be procured of the Honorary Secretary. Any assistance
in the formation of the Club which we can afford, will be freely rendered.
Send the names of those desirous of subscribing.
" Sheer Steel, Sheffield."—The communication alluded to
never reached us. All letters should be addressed (post paid) to the care
of our publisher.
" G. W., Bath."—The paper was received ; and the back Numbers
have been forwarded as directed.
" A. A. M."—The Games so obligingly forwarded shall receive imme
diate attention.
" Freudensprung."—The positions received with thanks. We
shall be happy to keep our Correspondent's " Factory " in constant
employ.
" L., Gray's Inn."—The best player in the Berlin Chess Club, we
are informed, is M. Bledow. There are several strong players in
Hanover : one of these, a Curate, has just challenged the whole of the
Hamburg Chess Club to a Match, by correspondence, for 1000 dollars.
" Gregory."—" Who is the inventor of the following masterly Pro
blem?—White K. at Q. R. 6th—White Kt. at Q. B. 6th—Pawn at
Q. Kt. fourth, at Q. Kt. second, at Q. B. second, and at Q. third—Black
K. at Q. R. fifth—Pawn at Q. Kt. fourth, at Q.'s fourth, at Q.'s fifth,
and at K.'s third."—The Rev. H. Bolton.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 7o
This agreeable " Fragment " is extracted from the entertaining Work on
Chess by Twiss.
When now the hostile maid refus'd to yield
The honours of the well-disputed field,
When her firm Phalanx wedg'd in close array
Press'd tow'rds the goal, and turn'd the doubtful day ;
THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
The Knight despair'd by open force to gain
Victorious laurels on the chequer'd plain,
And long revolv'd within his wily breast
What friendly pow'r would aid his conquest best.
Distress'd by doubt, and urg'd by deep despair,
At length to Morpheus he address'd his pray'r ;
A gentle, harmless, inoffensive pow'r,
And ne'er invok'd in fighting fields before !
He turn'd, observant, to the setting sun ;
Thrice yawn'd ; and his petition thus begun.
O thou ! whose equal, mild, and grateful sway
The Wretched welcome, and the Great obey,
If e'er with murmur'd spells of magic sound
I spread thine Empire eVn on holy ground,
Till drowsy vapours crept from pew to pew
Till all the nodding audience bowM to you
And hung their heads like flow'rs beneath the dew,
In instant slumbers seal those hostile eyes,
And let my troops th' unwary foe surprise,
My grateful hand to thee shall consecrate
An ample folio of stupendous weight,
Words of such opiate virtue shall compose
The soporific soft Lethean dose,
No mortal eye-lids shall resist the charm,
No Dutchman's phlegm against its influence arm,
Thy most rebellious subjects then shall know
Thy pow'r, and to thy leaden sceptre bow.
He said : when Morpheus from a cloud descends
And o'er the female chief his wand extends.
Then from her eye the martial ardour fled
And ev"ry project vanish'd from her head.
She yawns, she nods ; no more o'erlooks the field,
In leaden, deep and death-like slumbers seal'd
Now scatter'd wide, her broken squadrons fly,
Nobles and Pawns in wide disorder lie,
Ruin succeeds confusion, shameful flight,
And her pale troops grew paler with affright : -
While ardent Hope the conqu'ring bands o'erspread
With a new flush of more enliven'd red ;
At length the Queen, the captiv'd Queen is lost,
And instant fate o'erwhelms the scatter'd host.
So when Ulysses, from the Trojan realm,
Ten weary nights had waken'd at the helm,
Just as his native shore salutes his eyes,
And Ithaca's blue hills in prospect rise,
By sleep's resistless charms the Chief opprest,
Exhausted sinks to momentary rest,
Back o'er the bounding waves the vessel flew,
And tempests toss'd his shatterM bark anew ;
But Morpheus, ever prone to raise th' oppress'd,
To sooth the sad and succour the distress'd,
Around the vanquish'd maid's inglorious head
With lenient care his downy pinions spread,
Plac'd her by laurel groves and crystal streams,
And sooth'd her fancy with auspicious dreams.
Cheer'd with fresh hopes she views the morning light,
And burns with ardour to renew the fight.
and chess player's chronicle. 81
PROBLEM, No. 9.
For this instructive specimen of skill, in manoeuvring the Knights,
we are indebted to our esteemed Correspondent,
The Rev. H. Bolton.
White, with the advantage of playing first, Mates in fourteen moves.
gfeck.
JSBhttr.
The Games, in the present Number, are chiefly taken from a valuable
collection of unpublished Chess MSS., which has been forwarded to us
by the Honorary Secretary of the London Club ; to whose prompt and
friendly assistance, in the establishment of this Periodical, we have
sincere pleasure in acknowledging our obligations.
GAME XXIV.
Played, last week, between two strong Metropolitan Players.
Black. White.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. P. one 4. Q. P. one
Vol. I.—N. S. a
THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. White.
5. K. R. P. one 5. Kt. to K. B. third
6. Castles 6. Q. B. to K. third
7. B. to Q. Kt. third 7. B. takes B.
8. R. P. takes B. 8. Q. R. P. one (a)
9. Q. Kt. to B. third 9. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth
10. Kt. takes Kt. 10. B. takes Kt.
11. Kt. to K. second 11. B. to Q. Kt. third
12. Kt. to K. Kt. third 12. Q. to her second
13. Q. B. to K. third 13. B. takes B.
14. P. takes B. (6) 14. Castles on Q. side
15. Q. B. P. two 15. Q. B. P. two (c)
16. Doubled Q. Kt. P. one 16. Kt. to K.
17- Doubled P. one 17. Q. R. P. takes P.
18. P. takes P. 18. Kt. to Q. B. second
19- Q. to Q. Kt. third (d) 19. K. B. P. one
20. Q. R. to Q. R. fifth 20. Q. Kt. P. one
21. Q. R. to R. seventh 21. K. to Q. Kt
22. K. R. to Q. R. 22. Q. takes doubled P. (e)
23. Q. R. to R. eighth (check) 23. K. to Kt. second
24. K. R. checks 24. K. to B. third
25. R. takes Kt. (check) 25. K. takes R.
26. Q. takes Q. 26. R. takes R.
27. Q. to Q. B. fourth 27. K. R. to K. B.
28. Kt. to K. B. fifth 28. K. Kt. P. one
29. Kt. to K. seventh 29. K. B. P. one
30. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth 30. K. to Q.
31. Kt. to Q. fifth 31. K. B. P. takes P.
32. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. (check) 32. K. to Q. second
33. Q. P. takes P. 33. Q. R. to K.
34. Q. to Q. Kt. seventh (check) 34. K. to K. third
35. Kt. to Q. B. seventh (check) 35. K. to K. B. third
36. Kt. takes R. (check); and,
after a few more moves,
the second player resigned.
VIE XXV.
Between same Competitors.
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. 4. Q. to K. B. third (a)
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. Q. B. P. one
7. K. P. one 7. P. takes P.
8. Kt. to K. fourth 8. Q. to K. second
9. P. takes P. 9. Q. takes P.
10. Q. to K. B. third 10. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
11. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 11. B. to Q. sixth (check)
12. P. takes B. 12. Q. takes Kt.
13. Q. B. takes P. 13. Q. to B. third
14. R. checks 14. B. to K. second
15. Kt. to R. third 15. K. R. P. one
16. Kt. to B. second 16. K. Kt. P. two
17- Q. to Kt. fourth (4) 17- Q. Kt. to Q. second
18. B. to Q. second 18. Q. to K. Kt. third
19. B. to Q. B. third 19. R. to R. second
20. K. R. P. two 20. Castles on Q. side
21. K. R. P. one 21. Q. to Q. third
22. Q. to K. B. fifth 22. K. Kt. to B. third
23. B. takes Kt. 23. Q. takes B.
24. Q. takes R. (c) 24. B. to Q. B. fourth
25. Q. takes K. B. P. 25. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. (rf)
26. Kt. to Q. 26. Q. to Q. seventh (e)
27. Kt. to K. B. second 27. K. to B. second
28. Kt. to K. fourth 28. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth
29. Kt. takes B. 29. Q. takes Kt.
30. R. to K. seventh 30. Q. Kt. P. two
31. B. to K. sixth 31. Q. to her B. eighth (check)
32. K. to K. second 32. Q. takes R.
33. R. takes Kt. (check) 33. R. takes, R.
34. Q. takes R. (check) 34. K. to Kt. third
35. Q. to Q. eighth (check) 35. K. to B. fourth
o2
84 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. Black.
36. Q. P. checks 36. K. to Kt. fifth
37. Q. to K. seventh (check) 37. K. to R. fifth
38. Q. takes Q. R. P. (check) 38. K. to Kt. fifth
39. Q. R. P. one (check) 39. K. to B. sixth
40. Q. to Q. B. fifth (check) 40. K. to Kt. seventh
41. Q. to Q. Kt. fourth (check) 41. K. to R. eighth
42. Q. to B. third (check) 42. K. to Kt. eighth
43. Q. to Q. third (check) 43. K. to Kt. seventh
44. Q. to Q. second (check) 44. K. takes P.
45. Q. to B. third (check) 45. K. to R. fifth
46. B. to Q. Kt. third (check) 46. K. to R. sixth
47. B. to Q. B. second (discov. ch.) 47. K. to R. seventh
48. Q. to Kt. third (check), and
mates next move (/)
GAME XXVI.
Between the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and
Mr. —, of the same Club.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. B. to K. Kt. second
5. Q. P. two 5. K. R. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. Q. P. one
7. Q. to Kt. third 7- Q. to K. second
8. Castles 8. Q. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. Kt. to R. third 9. K. Kt. to B. third
AND CHESS PLAYER* CHRONICLE. Hi
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
10. K. P. one 10. P. takes P.
11. P. takes P. 11. Kt. takes P.
12. Kt. takes Kt. 12. Q. takes Kt.
13. B. takes B. P. (check) 13. K. to B.
14. B. to Kt. sixth 14. B. to K. third
15. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 15. B. to Q. fourth
16. Q. to Q. Kt. fourth (check) 16. K. to Kt.
17. B. to Q. second 17. K. B. to its square
18. Q. to R. fifth 18. Kt. to its fifth
19. Q. B. P. one (a) 19- Q. to her fifth (check) (6)
20. K. toR 20. K. B. to Q. B. fourth (c)
21. B. to K. 21. B. takes K. Kt. P. (check)
22. K. takes B. 22. Kt. checks
23. K. to R. 23. Kt. takes R.
24. B. to B. seventh (check) 24. K. to R. second
25. B. to Kt. sixth (check) 25. K. takes B.
AND BLACK RESIGNS.
GAME XXVII.
In the Match between Messrs. S—. and P—.
White. (Mr. S—.) Black. (Mr. P—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. Q. B. P. two 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. Q. P. two
4. Q. B. P. takes P. (a) 4. P. takes P.
5. K. P. one 5. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
6. Q. R. P. one (6) 6. K. B. P. one
7. K. Kt. to B. third 7. P. takes P.
8. P. takes P. 8. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
9. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 10. Castles
U. B. takes Q. Kt. 11. P. takes B.
12. Castles 12. B. to K. Kt. fifth
13. Q. Kt. P. two 13. B. to Kt. third
14. Q. Kt. to B. third 14. Q. B. takes Kt.
15. P. takes B. 15. Q. to K. (c)
16. a B. to K. R. fourth 16. Kt. to K. B. fourth
17. B. to K. Kt. third 17- Kt. takes B.
86 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. S—.) Black. (Mr. P—.)
18. R. P. takes Kt. 18. Q. takes K. P. (d)
19. Kt. to K. second 19- R- takes P.
20. K. to Kt. second 20. Q. to K. fifth
21. K. to Kt. 21. Q. R. to K. (e)
22. Q. R. to R. second 22. Q. R. to K. B.
23. Kt. to K. B. fourth 23. R. takes P. (check)
24. K. to R. second 24. R. to K. B. sixth
25. Kt. to Kt. second 25. B. takes K. B< P.
26. R. takes B. 26. R. takes R.
27. R. takes R. 27. R. takes R.
AND WHITE RESIGNS.
GAME XXVIII.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 4th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. one
5. Q. P. two 5. P. takes P.
6. P. takes P. 6. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. Q. P. one 7. Kt. to K. fourth (a)
8. Kt. takes Kt. 8. P. takes Kt.
9. Q. Kt. to B. third 9. K. Kt. to B. third
10. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 10. Castles
11. Q. to K. B. third 11. Q. to Q. third
12. B. takes Kt. 12. Q. takes B.
13. Q. takes Q. 13. P. takes Q.
14. K. Kt. P. two (b) 14. K. to Kt. second
15. Q. Kt. to K. second 15. K. R. to its square (c)
16. K. R. to Kt. 16. K. to B.
17. K. R. to Kt. second 17. K. to K. second
18. Castles 18. K. R. P. two
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 87
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
19. K. Kt. P. one 19- K. B. P. one
20. Kt. to Q. B. third 20. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
21. K. Kt. P. one 21. K. B to Q. third
22. K. Kt. P. takes P. 22. K. takes P.
23. K. B. P. two (d) 23. K. P. takes P.
24. Q. R. to K. Kt. 24. K. to B.
25. R. to K. Kt. sixth 25. P. to K. B. sixth
26. K. P. takes P. (e) 26. K. B. to K. fourth
27. Q. P. one 27. P. takes P.
28. R. to Kt. eighth (check) 28. R. takes R.
29. R. takes R. (check) 29. K. to his second
30. Kt. checks 30. K. to Q. second
31. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (checkmate)
amhtte.
White having to move, engages not to take the adverse Bishop, and to
compel Black to checkmate him with the Rook in twenty-five moves.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" G. R. R."—Who is so " desirous of having difficult problems to
solve," may exercise his sagacity upon the following, which it is probable
he never met with :—White King at Q. Kt.'s sqr., White Queen at K. R.'s
fifth, White Bishop at K. R.'s fourth, White Bishop at K. R.'s third, and
White Pawn at Q. Kt.'s second ; Black King at Q. Kt.'s sixth, Pawn at
Q. Kt.'s third, Pawn at Q. Kt.'s fourth, and Pawn at Q. Kt.'s fifth.—
Having so arranged the pieces, let him inform us how White, playing
first, effects Mate with his Pawn in twelve moves, without capturing his
adversary's Pawns or permitting them to move. We shall be obliged also
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 89
if he will favour us with a correct solution of the following stratagem :—
White King at K. B.'s fifth, White Q. at Q. R.'s third, White Rook at
Q. R.'s fourth, Pawn at K. Kt.'s fifth, and Pawn at K. R.'s sixth. Black
King at K. R.'s sqr.—White having the move checkmates with his
Pawn in ten moves, without taking the adversary's Pawn.
" C. T., Greenwich."—The solution is correct. C. T.'s suggestion
respecting the introduction of contributing names is needless—we are
scrupulously cautious in that particular, not to give offence to any one.
"J. M., Brighton."—Every move in the game mentioned is printed
correctly. Playing games over from book, with accuracy, requires much
more care and attention than young players are usually disposed to
bestow. To his several inquiries touching the relative value of Rooks,
Bishops and Knights, and the " how " and " when " of Castling, we must
refer him to an excellent little work, by Mr. Lewis, intituled " Chess for
Beginners," which he should obtain immediately.
" A. L., Leamington."—" In your last number some allusion is made
to the Hamburgh Club- Will you oblige a subscriber by giving the names
of their first players, and also the name of the best Russian player ?" We
are not acquainted with the names of any Hamburgh players.—M. Petroff,
the inventor of the fine problem which graces our present number, has
the reputation of being the leading Chess Player of Russia.
" S. S."—We certainly promised and purposed to publish solutions to
our problems in the way S. S. mentions, but four or five epistles praying
us to withhold the key to the problems until the appearance of an index
to the first volume have " given us pause." If, however, we find the ge
neral opinion of our readers is in favour of the plan proposed, of giving
solutions weekly, we shall not hesitate to adopt it.
" B. B."—" A player giving me the odds of Queen's Rook, the other
evening claimed to Castle on the side from whence at the opening of the
game he had removed the Rook ; could he rightfully do so ?" He could,
we believe, legally claim so to Castle, absurd as such a regulation must
appear.
" R. P. L., Vauxhall."—The packet was received. We shall be
glad to hear again from our friendly communicant at his earliest con
venience.
" E. W., Bristol."—Thanks for the Budget. The former games
were mislaid, or they would long ere this have appeared.
" G. S. S., Liverpool."—The game shall be duly examined. In the
mean time, we shall be glad to receive some additional specimens of
Liverpool play.
" D. E. H."—Arrangements are already in progress to obtain commu
nications from the Continental Chess Clubs named, and every disposi
tion, we are happy to say, is shown by the leading members to co
operate with us in giving popularity to the Chess Player's Chro
nicle.
" C. B. W., Norwich."—We shall be obliged by our friendly cor
90 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
respondent's favouring us with the name of the Secretary of the M.
Club.
" W. K., Windsor."—We have no recollection of seeing the list
adverted to, and shall be glad to receive another copy. Those Secreta
ries of Chess Clubs who have not yet sent in the lists of their several
clubs, should lose no time in forwarding them to the Editor, who is
engaged in drawing up an alphabetical register of the different institu
tions where Chess is played throughout the United Kingdom.
" An Old Chess Player wishes to be informed whether Philidor
and Sarratt ever played together ? " We believe not.
" R. R."—Were not the treatises on Chess by Lolli and Ponsiani
published long prior to the appearance of Philidor's " Analysis of the
Game of Chess." No, not until some time after.
JKShttc.
GAME XXIX.
Between the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and
Mr. —, a fine Metropolitan player.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q.. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. P. one
5. K. R. P. one 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Q. Kt. to K. second 7. Q. Kt. to K. second
8. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third 8. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
9. Castles 9. Castles (a)
10. Q. B. to K. third 10. B. takes B.
vol. I.—n. s. H
98 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
11. P. takes B. 11. Q. B. to K. third
12. B. to Q. Kt. third 12. Q. to her second (6)
13. K. to R. second 13. Q. R. P. one (c)
14. Q. B. P. one 14. Q. R. to K.
15. R. to K. B. second 15. Q. B. P. one
16. Q. to K. second 16. Q. P. one
17. Q. R. to K. B. 17- P. takes P.
18. P. takes P. 18. B. takes B.
19. P. takes B. 19. Q. to K. third
20. Kt. to Q. second 20. R. to Q.
21. R. takes Kt. (d) 21. P. takes R.
22. Kt. to K. B. fifth, and White
cannot save the game, (e)
GAME XXX.
Played between the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and
one of the most brilliant Metropolitan Players.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. B. to K. Kt. second
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Castles 7. Kt. to K. second (a)
8. Q. to Q. B. second 8. Castles
9. Q. Kt. P. two 9. B. to K. third
10. Q. P. one 10. B. to K. Kt. fifth
11. B. to Q. Kt. second 11. B. takes Kt.
12. R. takes B. 12. Kt. to K. Kt. third
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 99
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
13. B. to Q. Kt. third 13. Kt. to K. fourth
14. R. to B. 14. Q. Kt. to Q. second
15. Q. B. P. one 15. Q. to B. third (6)
16. Kt. to Q. second 16. Q. R. to K.
17. Q. R. to K. 17. Q. to K. second
18. K. to R. 18. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
19. B. takes B. 19. K. takes B.
20. Q. to her third 20. Kt. to K. sixth
21. R. to K. Kt. 21. Kt. to K. fourth
22. Q. to K. second 22. K. Kt. P. one
23. K. Kt. P. one 23. Kt. to B. sixth
24. Kt. takes Kt. 24. Q. takes K. P.
25. Kt. P. takes P. (c) 25. Q. takes P. at K. B. fifth
26. Kt. to R. fourth 26. K. B. P. two
27. Kt. to Kt. second 27. Kt. takes Kt.
28. Q. takes Kt. 28. K. R. P. one
29. K. R. to K. B. 29- R- takes Q. R.
30. R. takes R. 30. K. R. P. one
31. Q. to her Kt.'s second (check) 31. K. to Kt. third
32. R. to K. sixth (check) 32. K. to R. fourth
33. Q. to K. second 33. K. R. P. one
34. B. to Q. 34. Q. Kt. P. one
35. K. to Kt. 35. Q. Kt. P. one
36. P. takes P. 36. Q. to her fifth (check)
37. K. to B. 37. Q. takes Q. P.
38. B. to Q. Kt. third 38. Q. to K. R. eighth (check)
39. K. to B. second 39. Q. takes R. P. (check)
40. K. to K. 40. Q. to Kt. eighth (check)
41. K. to Q. second 41. Q. to Kt. seventh
AND THE FIRST PLAYER RESIGNS, (rf)
6397CHd A
100 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME XXXI.
Recently played between two fine Players.
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. B. to K. Kt. second
6. K. Kt. P. one 6. P. takes P.
7. K. to Kt. second (a) 7. B. takes Kt.
8. Kt. to K. B. third 8. Q. to Kt. fifth
9. K. R. P. one (6) 9. Q. to R. fourth
10. Q. P. takes B. 10. Q. P. one
11. Q. B. takes P. 11. K. R. P. one
12. B. to K. R. fourth 12. Q. Kt. to B. third
13. Q. to Q. second 13. K. Kt. to K. second
14. B. takes Kt. 14. Kt. takes B.
15. Kt. to Q. fourth 15. Q. P. one
16. P. takes P. 16. Kt. to K. Kt. third
17. Q. R. checks 17. K. to B.
18. Kt. to B. third 18. Q. to B. fourth
19. K. takes P. 19. K. R. to Kt.
20. K. to B. second 20. Kt. to B. fifth
21. Q. to K. third 21. Q. takes P. (check)
22. Kt. to Q. second 22. K. R. checks
23. K. to B. third 23. Q. takes Kt.
24. Q. takes Q. 24. R. takes Q.
25. K. takes Kt. 25. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
26. K. to K. fifth 26. Q. Kt. P. two
27. B. to Q. third 27. B. to Q. Kt. second
28. K. to B. sixth 28. R. checks
29. B. to K. B. fifth 29. Q. R. to Q.
30. K. R. to Kt. 30. Q. R. checks (c)
31. R. to K. sixth 31. R. takes B. (check)
32. K. takes R. 32. P. takes R. (check)
33. P. takes P. 33. B. to Q. B.
34. R. to K. 34. K. to his second
35. K. to Kt. sixth 35. R. takes P. (check)
36. R. takes R. (check) 36. B. takes R.
37. K. takes K. R. P. 37. B. takes Q. R. P.
38. K. to Kt. seventh 38. Q. R. P. two
39. R. P. one 39. R. P. one
40. R. P. one 40. R. P. one
41. R. P. one 41. B. to Q. Kt. eighth
AND WHITE RESIGNS.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 101
Notes to Game XXXI.
(a) This ingenious variation of the Bishop's gambit was frequently
played by Mr. M'Donnell with success, when he gave the odds of a
Rook. It does not, however, appear to us so trustworthy as the acknow
ledged method of carrying on this spirited opening.
(6) He might have taken K. B.'s Pi with the B., checking ; and had
Black ventured to take the B. with his King, White, giving check with
the Kt. at K.'s fifth, would have won the Queen.
(c) If, instead of checking, Black had taken the Q.'s Pawn with his
Rook, he would have been mated immediately ; ex. gr.
R. takes P.
K. R. to Kt. eighth (check) - - K. takes R.
Q. R. to K. eighth (mate).
GAME XXXII.
In the Match between M.De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 5th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (De la B.
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. B. P. two (a) 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. P. two
4. K. P. one 4. Q. Kt. to B. third -
5. Q. B. P. one 5. K. B. P. one
6. Q. Kt. to R. third 6. K. Kt. to R. third
7. Q. Kt. to Q. B. second 7. K. B. to K. second
8. Q. P. two 8. Castles (6)
9. K. B. to Q. third 9. Q. B. P. one
10. K. B. to K. second 10. Q. B. to Q. second
11. Castles 11. Q. Kt. P. two
12. Q. Kt. to K. third 12. Q. R. P. two
13. K. to.R. 13. K. B. P. takes P.
14. K. B. P. takes P. 14. K. Kt. to B. fourth
15. K. Kt. P. two 15. Kt. takes Kt.
16. B. takes Kt. 16. Q. B. to K.
17. Q. to Q. second 17. Q. B. to K. Kt. third
18. K. Kt. to its fifth 18. B. takes Kt.
19. B. takes B. 19. Q. to her second
20. K. R. P. two (c) 20. Q. Kt. P. one
21. K. to R. second 21. Q. Kt. P. takes P.
22. P. takes P. 22. Q. R. P. one
23. K. R. P. one 23. Q. B. to K. fifth
24. K. R. P. one 24. K. Kt. P. one
25. Q. B. to K. B. sixth 25. Q. R. to Q. Kt.
26. Q. B. to K. Kt. seventh 26. Q. to K. second
102 THE BlilTISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
27. K. to Kt. third (d) 27. R. takes R.
28. R. takes R. 28. Q. R. P. one (e)
29. R. to K. B. sixth 29. Kt. to Q. R. fourth
30. B. to Q. 30. Kt. to Q. Kt. sixth
31. Q. to K. B. second (/) 31. Kt. to Q. B. eighth
32. K. B. to Q. R. fourth 32. Kt. to Q. sixth (g)
33. Q. to K. B. 33. K. Kt. P. one
34. K. B. to Q. B. second 34. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
35. Q. P. takes Kt. 35. B. takes B.
36. P. to Q. B. sixth 36. B. to Q. R. fifth
37. P. to Q. B. seventh 37. R- to K.
38. Q. to Q. B. (h) 38. Q. takes P.
39. Q. takes K. Kt. P. 39. B. to Q. B. seventh
40. B. to K. B. eighth (discover 40. B. interposes
ing check)
41. B. takes Q. R. P. 41. Q. to Q. second
42. B. to Q. sixth 42. Q. P. one
43. Q. to K. B. fourth 43. Q. to Q. B.
44. Q. takes Q. P. 44. Q. to Q. B. third
45. Q. to Q. R. seventh, and wins.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" Crito and T. S. M."—Mr. Bolton's Problem with three White
Knights, which appeared in our last number, is correct. A player,
whose Pawn reaches the adverse " Royal line," may promote that Pawn
to the rank of any capital piece he chooses ; in this case he has made a
Knight of him.
" N. R. P."—We are obliged for the hint, but had already determined
on giving two of the Poems—" Cai'ssa," and the classic and elegant
" Scacchiae Ludus " of Vida, immediately.
" H. F., Birmingham."—When "H. F." has had the advantage of
more practice at Chess, he will find that positions similar to the one he
has sent us are not at all of uncommon occurrence, and that '' perpetual
check " frequently happens with twice the number of pieces named upon
the board.
" R. W., Regent's Park."—With the exception of lessons from a
first-rate Chess Professor, we know of nothing so improving to the
young player as going carefully through such games as are to be found
in our " Chronicle."
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHR0NICL13. 105
" A. Z., Hastings.—By continuing to give occasionally reprints
without Diagrams of positions not generally known in this country, as
commenced in your last week's number, you will serve and delight a
very numerous class of country subscribers, who have no opportunity of
referring to scarce books upon their favourite Game."—We shall take
advantage of this suggestion, and publish, each week, after our usual
Notices to Correspondents, two or three skilful Stratagems, by the most
esteemed Chess authors.
Problem, from Mendheim.—White King at his 6th square ;
Kt. at K. B. 5th ; Kt. at Q.'s 4th square.—Black King at his Rook's
square ; Pawn at K.'s 6th. White to mate in nine moves.
Problem, from the same Author.—White King at Q.'s B.'s 2nd
square; Kt. at Q.'s Kt.'s square; Kt. at Q.'s Rook's -3rd square.—
Black King at Q.'s Rook's 8th square ; Pawn at Q.'s Kt.'s 7th square.
White to move, and mate in Jive moves.
Problem from Mauvillon.—White King at King's R.'s 5th;
Bishop at Q. R.'s 3rd ; Kt. at King's B.'s 5th ; Pawn at K. R.'s 2nd ;
and Pawn at K.'s 7th.—Black King at his Kt.'s square ; Pawn at K.
Kt.'s 2nd . White playingfirst, compels Black to give checkmate in ten moves.
" R. A. B."—We are much indebted to our friendly Correspondent
for his well-meant hints, and acceptable collection of "Juvenile Posi
tions," of which he will perceive we intend to avail ourselves.
" W. H. C."—Forward the promised Problems immediately.
* I do not know from what nation we have borrowed this term of drafts. That of
dames is more intelligible, as the common pieces, by reaching the top square of the
antagonist, become queens.
t His Christian name was Paolo. He died at Naples, in 1598, and his burial was
attended by most of the nobility.—See Pietro Carrera on Chess. 1617, 4to. Boi was
much regarded by Philip II. and Urban VII., who is said to have offered him a
bishoprick, but Boi would not take orders.—See ibid., and also Salvio, who beat Boi
at Naples, but when he was past seventy.
X Probably thence born in the Morea, but early transplanted to Calabria. Though
originally very poor, he won 50,000 ducats at Paris, by playing at Chess. From
Paris he went to England, where he was nearly murdered, and lost most of his effects ;
from thence to India, where he died, and left his substance to the Jesuits.
§ They who may wish to see more anecdotes with regard to the Chess-players of
the 16th century, may consult the Italian writers before cited, and more particularly
the memoirs of Putti, who was termed the Cavalier Errante, or Chess Knight Errant
—his real name was Leonardo da Cutti. When he was very young he was beat by a
Spaniard (Ruy Lopes), who afterwards returned to his own country. In the mean
time, Putti shut himself up for two years, that he might become a greater proficient ;
after which he pursued Lopes to Madrid, and beat him.—See also Mr. Twiss's curious
Anecdotes of Chess, published since this Dissertation was laid before the Society of
Antiquaries.
108 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
declares it to be a good sum.* It is possible that the chequer being so
common a sign for a public-house, may have formerly been, for the same
reason, of charging the reckoning ; and it is remarkable that the same
sign was used at ancient Pompeii, as appears by the engravings which
are inserted in the fourth volume of the Archaologia.
It is possible, however, that Chess might be known in England in the
next century, after the first crusade had taken place ; but I should rather
suppose, during the 13th century, upon the return of Edward the First
from the Holy Land, where he continued so long and was attended by
so many English.
The Turks, who never change their habits, are still great players at
this game, which suits so well both their sedentary disposition and love
of taciturnity. Many of these were often prisoners in the Christian
camp, as were also the Christians to the Saracens, so that there was
great opportunities of instruction during either of their confinements.
The first mention which I have met with of Chess being known in
England is in a MS. of Simon Aylward, said by Hyde to be in the
library of Magdalen College. The same learned writer cites another
MS. of Lydgate, where are the following lines—
" Was of a Fers f so fortunate,
Into a corner drive and maat;"
which are very intelligible, if we suppose that the preceding line relates
to the piece called the King, and they will then have the following mean
ing, viz.
" The King was by a fortunate Queen (of the adversary) driven into a
corner of the Chess-board, and checkmated," which of course con
cludes the game.
Our ancestors certainly played much at Chess before the general in
troduction of cards, as no fewer than twenty-six English families have
emblazoned Chess-boards and Chess-Rooks X in their arms,§ and it
therefore must have been considered as a valuable accomplishment.
* I am just informed that this ancient mode of accounting hath been disused about
two years ago. It took place in Easter Term, when the expenses of the King's house
hold were passed. One officer called out, " What have you there?" To which another
answered (having piled halfpence and farthings in the square, in a regular progres
sion), " Such a sum." If this agreed with the supposed one by the first officer, he then
pronounced it a good sum. Thus the account was understood by those who were
present, though they could not write. Hence, perhaps, to check an account.
t Fers is said to signify, in the Persian language, General or Minister, and is ap
plied to that piece of Chess, which we term the Queen.
t The Chess-rook is now more commonly called the Castle ; its form may be seen
in books of blazonry, which hath not the least similitude to a Castle. The no un
common name of Book may be derived from hence, as also the term of being rooked
at play.
§ Se« Edmondson'i Heraldry.
AND CHESS" PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 109
Hyde moreover states that Chess was much played at both in Wales and
Ireland, and that in the latter, estates had depended upon the event of
a game. I must own, however, that I have some doubts with regard to
these facts, as neither of these countries were scarcely civilized till the
latter end of the reign of Henry the Eighth. As for Wales, I doubt
much, whether they have a term for the game in their own language,
which probably is true likewise in regard to the Irish.
In 1474, Caxton published his book, intituled, The Game at Chess,*
which he dedicates to the Duke of Clarence, and states to be a transla
tion from the French ; it therefore can be little doubted, but that this
game was not uncommon during the reign of Edward the Fourth. To this
I may add, that it appears by Sir John Fenn's late curious publication, that
it was an amusement in most houses of rank in the time of Richard the
Third, where it is said, "The Lady Morley had no harpinges or lutinges,
during Christmas ; but playing at Tables and Chess.f Chess being,
therefore, not an uncommon game during the reign of Edward the
Fourth, of course continued to be played by our ancestors till cards
became the more general amusement. Sir Walter Raleigh is said by
Hyde to have boasted that he could make the contest last as long as he
pleased, from which assertion, however, I should infer that he was no
great adept, as most Chess-matches are decided in an hour, and perhaps
never exceed two unless the players take a nap between the moves.
Such assertions, however, have deterred many from attempting to learn
the game. It is alluded to likewise as being an amusement in the family
of the ninth Earl of Northumberland, by a curious Manuscript, with
the perusal of which I have been lately indulged.
We find the following presumptive proof that Queen Elizabeth was a
player at Chess. There had been a tilting match before her Majesty,
in which Sir Charles Blount (afterwards Lord Mountjoy) distinguished
himself so greatly that the Queen sent him the next morning a Chess-
Queen of gold, which was at the same time highly enamelled. It can
scarcely be conceived that the Queen should have had such a Chess-
piece in her cabinet, unless she sometimes played at that game.J
James the First is supposed to have been a player at Chess ; but in
Eikuv Boo-iAiki) advises his son against it, " because it is over-wise ; "
which, like most parental instruction, seems to have been little attended
to, from the magnificent bag and elegant set of Chessmen, which I had
the honour of lately exhibiting to the Society of Antiquaries, and which
* Caxton herein attributes the invention of Chess to Philometer, the Phibsopher, for
the instruction of a wicked king.
t Fenn's Letters, Vol. II. p. 331. This letter is from Mrs. Paston to her husband.
i See a publication intituled The Phoenix, 2 vols. 8vo. 1707. The paper {is from
Sir Robert Naunton, who was Secretary to James I.
110 THE BRITISH MI8CELLANY,
belonged to Charles the First ;* they are now in the possession of Lord
Barrington. In the present century, Stamma, who was a native of Aleppo,
and resided some time in England as translator of Oriental dispatches to
our court, published some select games at Chess, together with a few
instructions ; f and after him Hoyle taught how to open the game, at a
crown per lesson.
Having thus brought down to the present times such anecdotes as I
have happened to stumble upon, with regard to Chess-playing in England,
I shall now pass over to France, where there seems to be, still earlier,
but faint traces of the game having been known at least, but how generally
is not perhaps so clear. The historian Carte J gives us the following
account of a Chess-match, between Henry the First, before his accession
to the throne of England, and Lewis le Gros, son to Philip of France.
This took place at Philip's court, and in the year 1087 ; Lewis lost
several games to Henry, as also a good deal of money ; which irritated
him so much that he threw the Chessmen at Henry's head. This was
returned by Henry striking Lewis with the board, in such a manner that
he was laid bleeding on the floor, and Henry would have killed his
antagonist if his elder brother Robert had not interposed. This is un
doubtedly a very early instance of Chess being known in France ; but
it is much to be wished that Carte had stated the term used in the
Roman Chronicle to which he refers, and which he hath translated Chess,
as drafts is very ancient, bears a considerable affinity to Chess, and equally
requires a chequered board.
The next proof of an early knowledge of this game in France is said
to be in John of Salisbury's book, " De Nugis Curialum," where, however,
I have not been able to find it. When King John of France was made
prisoner at the battle of Poictiers, he is reported to have said to his
captor—" Do you not know that at Chess a King is never taken ?" which
undoubtedly must refer to Chess as it is played at present.
In the reign of Charles the Fifth of France, Froissart mentions that the
King played at this game with the Duke of Burgundy, whilst they were
for some time together at Toulouse. Chess, moreover, is alluded to in
the Romant de la Rose; and many of the French families bear a Chess-
Rook in their arms. It was certainly much played during the sixteenth
century ; as Pasquier § furnishes the following account of an inhabitant
of Lyons, who would give up all his capital pieces, and beat an able
adversary, provided he was permitted to have two moves for each of his
* In this reign Saule published instructions for playing at Chess, which he dedi
cates to the Countess of Bedford, who, therefore, was probably a proficient at the
game.
t The first edition was printed at Paris,
t Vol. I. p. 445.
§ Pasquier's Recherches de la France, 1. iv. ch. 31.
AND CHESS PLAYER's CHRONICLE. Ill
pawns.* He would also engage to give mate with a particular pawn, or
oblige his adversary to mate himself, with a piece that he would pitch
upon.
In the seventeenth century the treatise, intituled The Calabrian, was
translated from the Italian into French, and might have contributed
to a few players having resumed this Game, which (as with us) was now
supplanted by the more general amusement of cards. In the present
time Philidor (born at Dreux) is clearly the most distinguished champion,
insomuch that considerable subscriptions have been made to bring him
over to England, from curiosity chiefly to see his great superiority. It
is well known that he can play two games against able adversaries, and
generally beat them, without seeing either of the boards.
This is certainly a most amazing effort ; but Villani (in his Chronicle
of Florence) gives us a similar instance in the fourteenth century, as does
another Italian writer of a Saracen, who flourished about the same time.f
Great Chess-players, indeed, must necessarily carry in their heads several
moves which are probably to ensue, both on their own part and that of
their adversary ; and he who, like Philidor, can do this throughout the
whole game, even with a single antagonist, must commonly be the victor.
To this account relative to Chess-playing in France, it must be added,
that Monsieur Freret J informs us that there are several MSS. on this
subject in the French King's library.
(To be continued in our next number.)
GUERIN DK MONTGLAVE.
The whole of the curious and ancient romance of Guerin de Montglave
turns upon a game at Chess. Guerin relates to his sons, that in his
youth the Emperor Charlemagne had lost his empire to him at a game at
Chess, which in order to redeem, he had given him permission to conquer
Montglave from the Saracens, and promised to assist him with troops ;
but that being himself attacked by the Saxons, he was rendered unable
to perform his promise ; that relying therefore on his own prowess, he
had alone undertaken the conquest of Montglave, and accomplished it.
He then stimulates his sons to similar deeds of valour. The two eldest,
Arnaud and Milon, possess themselves of Acquitaine and Pavia. The
* This-term Pawn is probably taken from the Spanish word peon, which signifies a
foot-soldier.
t His name was Buzzeca.
t Vol. V. of Memoirs of the Academy of Inscriptions.
112 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
other two, Girard and Regnier, availing themselves of Charlemagne's loss
at Chess, travel to his court, remind him of his loss and promise to their
father, and insist upon being appointed his constable and high-chamber
lain. Charlemagne, however, instead of making a suitable provision for
them, amuses them with promises, with which they are for the moment
appeased. He afterwards proposes a game at Chess to Girard, who
remembering how his father had been treated on a similar occasion, ex
claims. " By God, Sire, a great fool indeed would the son of Guerin be
to play with you. What could he hope for, after the manner in which
you skulked payment to his father ? Look you, Sire, we are not born to
serve you like poor Squires : Castles or Towns have we none, and high
time is it that we leave your court to conquer some." Charlemagne
feeling the justice of this reproach, gives Regnier leave to conquer
Rennes and Bretagne from the Saracens, and promises to marry Girard
to the daughter of the old duke of Burgundy ; all which is afterwards
in the true spirit of chivalry and romance accomplished.
■ ■ ■
EJShtte.
GAME XXXIII.
The following Game, hitherto unpublished, was played by the celebrated
Automaton Chess Player and one of the most skilful Amateurs of the
time. The moves of the Automaton being under the direction of
Mr. Lewis.
Automaton. Amateur.
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (check) 4. Q. B. to Q. second
5. K. B. takes B. 5. Kt. takes B.
6. K. P. one 6. K. Kt. to K. R. third
7. Q. B. P. one 7. K. B. to K. second
Vol. I.—N. S.
114 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Automaton. Amateur.
8. Q. P. two 8. Q. B. P. one
9. Castles 9. Q. Kt. P. two
10. Q. B. to K. third 10. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
11. Q. to K. second 11. Kt. takes Q. B.
12. Q. takes Kt. 12. K. R. P. one
13. Q. Kt. to Q. second1 13. Q. R. P. two
14. K. R. P. one 14. Kt. to K. B.
IS. K. Kt. to K. R. second 15. Kt. to K. R. second
16. Q. to K. second 16. K. Kt. P. two
17. K. B. P. one 17- P. takes P.
18. K. R. takes P. 18. Castles
19. Q. to K. R. fifth 19. Q. R. to its third
20. K. Kt. to its fourth 20. Q. to Q. Kt. third
21. Q. R. to K. B. 21. Q. to K. third
22. Q. R. to K. B. third 22. Q. Kt. P. one
23. Q. Kt. to K. B. 23. P. takes P.
24. P. takes P. 24. Q. to K. Kt. third
25. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third 25. K. to Kt. second
26. K. Kt. to K. third 26. Q. to K. third
27. K. Kt. to its fourth 27. Q. to K. Kt. third
28. Q. takes Q. 28. P. takes Q.
29. R. takes R. 29. Kt. takes R.
30. K. Kt. to K. third 30. Kt. to K. third
31. Kt. takes Q. P. 31. K. B. to Q. R. sixth
32. Q. R. to K. B. sixth 32. K. B. to Q. B. eighth
33. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 33. Kt. to Q. B. second (a)
34. Kt. takes Kt. 34. Q. R. to its second
35. Q. Kt. to Q. sixth 35. K. to R. second
36. Q. Kt. to K. eighth 36. K. B. to K. sixth (check)
37. K. to B. 37. K. B. to Q. seventh
38. R. checks 38. K. to Kt.
39. K. P. one 39. B. takes P.
40. Kt. checks 40. K.to R.
41. R. checkmates
Note to Game XXXIII.
(a) A fatal error. The second player had evidently imagined he
compelled the exchange of Rooks.
GAME XXXIV.
Well contested game between the Honorary Secretary of the London
Chess Club and Mr. —, a strong Metropolitan Player.
White. (Mr. —.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two.
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 115
White. (Mr. —.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. P. one
6. K. R. P. one 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Kt. to K. second 7. Q. to K. second
8. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third 8. B. to K. third (a)
9. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 9. Castles, K.'s side
10. B. takes Kt. 10. P. takes B.
11. Castles 11. Q. to Q. second (4)
12. K. to R. second 12. Kt. to R. second
13. K. Kt. to R. fourth 13. Q. R. toK.
14. K. Kt. to B. fifth 14. B. takes Kt.
15. Kt. takes B. 15. K. to R.
16. K. B. P. two 16. K. B. P. one
17. Kt. to R. fourth (c) 17. R. to B. second
18. K. B. P. one 18. Q. P. one
19. Kt. checks 19. K. to Kt.
20. Q. to K. Kt. fourth 20. Q. P. takes P.
21. Q. P. takes P. 21. Q. to Q. B. (d)
22. B. takes K. R. P. 22. Q. to Q. Kt. second (e)
23. B. to its square 23. Q. to Kt. fourth
24. Q. to B. third 24. Q. R. to Q.
25. Q. R. P. one (/) 25. Q. to B. fifth (g)
26. B. to K. third 26. B. takes B.
27. Q. takes B. 27. Q. takes Q. B. P.
28. R. to K. B. second 28. Q. to R. fifth
29. Q. R. to Q. B. 29. K. R. to Q. second
30. Q. R. to Q. B. third 30. R. to Q. fifth
31. Q. Kt. P. two 31. Kt. to Kt. fourth
32. Kt. to K. seventh (check) 32. K. to R.
33. Kt. takes P. 33. K. R. takes K. P. (A)
34. Q. takes Q. R. P. 34. Q. takes Q.
35. Kt. takes Q. 35. K. R. to K. eighth
36. R. takes Q. B. P. 36. Kt. to K. fifth
37. K. R. to Q. Kt. second 37. Q. R. to Q. eighth
38. K. Kt. P. two 38. K. R. to R. eighth (check)
39- K. to Kt. second 39. Q. R. to K. Kt. eighth (check)
40. K. to B. third 40. Kt. to Kt. fourth (check)
41. K. to his third 41. K. R. takes P. (check)
42. K. to B. second 42. Q. R. takes K. Kt. P.
43. K. R. to K. second (i) 43. R. to R. seventh (check)
44. K. to his square 44. Kt. to B. sixth (check)
45. K. to Q. 45. R. to Q. fifth (check)
46. K. to Q. B. second 46. K. R. takes R. (check)
47. K. to Q. Kt. third 47. K. R. to K. sixth (check)
I2
116 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. —.). Black. (Hon. Sec.)
48. K. to R. fourth 48. Q. R. to Q. sixth
49. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 49. Kt. to Q. fifth
50. Kt. takes Kt. 50. Q. R. takes R. P. (check)
51. K. to Kt. fifth 51. P. takes Kt.
52. K. to Kt. sixth 52. K. R. to Q. B. sixth
53. R. to Q. seventh 53. Q. P. one
54. Q. Kt. P. one 54. Q. R. to Q. R. seventh
55. K. to Kt. seventh 55. Q. R. to Q. Kt. seventh
56. Kt. P. one . 56. K. R. to Q. Kt. sixth
57. K. to B. seventh 57. Q. P. one
58. R. to Q. fourth 58. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
59. K. to B. eighth 59. R. to Kt. second
60. R. to K. fourth 60. R. to Q. Kt. (check), and wins.
GAME XXXV.
Between the same Players.
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. P. takes P. 3. P. takes P.
4. Q. B. to K. third 4. K. B. to Q. third
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 117
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
5. Q. B. P. two 5. P. takes P. (a)
6. K. B. takes P. 6. Q. B. P. one
7. Q. Kt. to B. third 7. K. Kt. to B. third
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. Castles.
9. Q. to B. second 9. K. R. P. one
10. Castles on Q. side (b) 10. Q. Kt. P. two
11. B. to Q. Kt. third 11. Q. R. P. two
12. Q. to Q. third 12. Q. R. P. one
13. B. to Q. B. second 13. Q. Kt. P. one
14. Kt. takes Q. R. P. 14. Q. B. to K. third
15. Q. Kt. P. one 15. B. to Q. fourth
16. Kt. to Q. second 16. Kt. to Q. second
17. K. to Kt. second 17. Q. to Q. R. fourth
18. B. to Q. Kt. 18. K. R. to Q. Kt. .
19. K. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 19. B. takes Kt.
20. Q. takes B. 20. Q. B. P. one
21. Q. P. takes P. 21. B. to K. fourth (check)
22. B. to Q. fourth 22. R. to Q. B.
23. R" to Q. B. (c) 23. Kt. takes P.
24. Kt. takes Kt. 24. R. takes Kt. (d)
25. Q. takes R. 25. Q. takes Q.
26. R. takes Q. 26. B. takes B. (check)
27. K. to B. second (e) 27. B. takes R.
28. K. B. P. one 28. Kt. to Q. fourth
29. K. to GL. third 29. Kt. to Q. B. sixth
30. K. to Q. B. fourth 30. B. to its square
31. Q. R. P. two 31. P. takes P. en passant
32. K. takes Kt. 32. Q. R. P. one
33. B. takes Q. R P. 33. R. takes B.
AND, AFTER A FEW MOVES, WHITE RESIGNED.
GAME XXXVI.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 6th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. one
5. Q. P. two 5. P. takes P.
6. P. takes P. 6. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. Q. P. one 7. Q. Kt. to K. second
8. K. P. one 8. Q. B. to Kt. fifth (a)
9. B. checks 9. K. to B. (b)
10. K. P. one 10. P. takes P.
11. P. takes P. 11. K. Kt. to B. third
12. K. R. P. one 12. B. takes Kt.
13. Q. takes B. 13. Q. B. P. one
.14. K. B. to Q. third 14. Q. to Q. B.
15. K. B. to its fifth 15. K. to his square
16. Castles 16. K. R. to B.
17. Q. to Q. third 17. Kt. takes B.
18. Q. takes Kt. 18. K. to K. second
19. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 19. Q. takes P.
20. Q. takes K. R. P. 20. Q. to K. B. second
21. Q. Kt. to B. third 21. K. to Q. second
22. Q. to K. B. fifth (check) 22. K. to Q. B. second
23. B. to K. B. fourth 23. U. R. to Q.
24. Q. to Q. B. second (e) 24. K. to Kt.
25. Q. R. P. two 25. Kt. to K. R. fourth
26. B. to K. Kt. fifth 26. Q. R. to K.
27. Q. R. P. one 27. B. to Q. B. fourth
28. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 28. B. to Q. fifth
29. Q. to Q. second (d) 29. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth (e)
30. K. R. to Qt. (/) 30. B. takes K. B. P. (check)
31. K. to R. second 31. Kt. to K. fifth
32. Q. to Q. B. 32. B. to K. Kt. sixth (check)
33. K. to Kt. 33. Q. to B. seventh (check)
34. K. to R. 34. B. to K. fourth (#)
35. R. to Q. third 35. Kt. checks
36. R. takes Kt. 36. Q. takes R.
37. Q. to K. Kt. 37. Q. takes B.
38. Q. R. P. one 38. Q. to K. Kt. sixth
39. Q. R. P. takes P. 39. K. R. to K. B. seventh
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 119
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
40. R. to Q. R. third 40. Q. to K. B. fifth (A)
41. Kt. to Q. Kt. sixth 41. K. R. to K. B. eighth
42. Kt. checks 42. K. to B. second
43. P. one, becoming a Q., checks 43. R. takes this Q., and wins.
No. 4.
White. Black.
K. at K. R. second K. at K. R.
R. at K. Kt. fourth R. at Q.'s seventh
B. at K. B. seventh Kt. at K. seventh
B. at K. seventh P. at K. R. second
P. at K. Kt. second P. at K. Kt. second
White to and mate in five moves.
SOLUTIONS
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
'' B. N., Marylebone Literary Institution."—No communica
tion, with the signature mentioned, has reached us.—We shall be obliged
if " B. N." will forward the list immediately. Mr. Lewis's " First
Series of Chess Lessons " is out of print; a new edition will, how
ever, appear shortly.
" G. C, Armagh."—We rejoice to hear of the success attending
our Correspondent's efforts to promote the beneficial influence of our
favourite Game ; and shall, next week, give a brief extract from his first
lecture on its origin and history.
" X. Y. Z., Glasgow Chess Club."—Bearing in mind the compara
tively short period " X. Y. Z." has devoted to the practice of Chess, we
think the game he has sent us extremely creditable to his tact and skill.
" G. W., Bath."—Many thanks for the friendly co-operation. The
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 121
seven numbers should have been furnished by the party named imme
diately after publication.
" J. R.—At the termination of a game last night I remained with my
King, a Bishop, and a Pawn, against my antagonist's King alone. The
following was the position of the men :—My King at his Kt.'s fifth ;
Bishop at K.'s fourth ; Pawn at K.'s R.'s seventh ; and the adverse
K. at his Kt.'s second. Was my adversary justified in claiming a drawn
game ?"—Your Bishop being on a diagonal of an opposite colour to that of
the Rook's square, which his King commanded, proper play, on his part,
would always prevent your winning.
" T. S. H., Beverly."—The next meeting of the Yorkshire Chess
Players is appointed for November next, to be held at the Rooms occu
pied by the Leeds Chess Club.
Problem, from Mendheim.—White K.at Q. B.'s fifth; Q. at Q. B.'s
fourth.— Black K. at Q.'s second; Q. at her R.'s square. White, moving
first, wins the game.
From the same Author.—White K. at his Kt.'s sixth ; B. at Q.'s
fourth ; B. at Q.'s Kt.'s third ; P. at Q. R.'s sixth.—Black K. at Q. Kt.'s
square ; R. at Q. R.'s square ; R. at Q.'s B.'s square ; Pawns at K. R.
third, K. Kt. second, Q.'s R. second, and Q. Kt.'s third. White, play
ing first, mates in seven moves.
* The name of the town is Rochstet, which had for its arms a Chess-rook, and it was
obliged to give every new Bishop a silver Chess-board with silver men, one set of
which was gilt. The Chess-rook hath not the least affinity to the bird we so call. Its
figure in Blazonry may be seen in Heraldical Treatises.
t Cox's Travels.—See also Olearius.
122 THB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
certainly would be a very convenient game for filling up their very long
nights during the winter.* Having dwelt so much upon the countries
from whence Chess hath been originaDy introduced, or where the game
hath been in considerable vogue, I shall conclude this rather long disser
tation by some observations upon the names of the pieces in many
different languages, of which Hyde hath given a copious account. If I
am right in my conjecture, that the game was originally Chinese, from
whence it was transferred to Thibet, Bengal, Indoostan, and Persia, it is
highly probable that the pieces did not differ materially in these several
countries either in name or figure. When, however, the Turks had
learned it from the more eastern inhabitants of Asia, they, of course,
made the pieces formless, as they understood the second commandment
in its most rigid and literal sense. The Greeks and Crusaders, on the
contrary, having become adepts at the game, from their long continuance
in Palestine, conceived themselves at liberty to give what form and name
they pleased to the pieces, which consequently differ often in the several
parts of Europe where Chess hath been introduced. It was natural,
therefore, that their principal piece should be a King, both in form and
name, and this seems to have obtained also in the more eastern parts of
Asia.f In most of these governments, however, the Kings are rather
indolent monarchs, and consequently this piece scarcely moves at all, but
is merely to be defended from attacks. J The Emperor himself being
thus indolent, necessarily requires a minister or general who can protect
his master, by vigorous and extensive motions, against distant insults in
the most remote parts of the board. The piece, therefore, of the greatest
powers was, by the Persians, styled Pherz, or General. § Chess hath
universally been considered as an engagement between two armies ; and
if the piece of the greatest importance is termed the General, this allusion
is properly carried on. When the game, however, was introduced into
Europe, the Christians did not trouble themselves about the Asiatic
names for the pieces, and styled the Pherz (or General) Queen ||, probably
* I am informed by Mr. Professor Thorkelin, who is by birth an Icelander, that
Chess, called (Shdk) continues to be an amusement in that island ; and by abler
players than are to be found in Copenhagen. He also informs me that allusions to
this game are to be found in a very copious collection of Icelandic MSS., several of
which will be published by the munificence of the King of Denmark. The character
of these MSS. is the Anglo-Saxon.
t Where this piece is termed Schach, or Emperor.
t It is admitted, however, that sometimes near the conclusion of the game his
Majesty is obliged to be rather more active, but even then, from his great dignity, he
can only move a single step. The instance of the King's moving two steps (when he
castles) can take place only once during the game.
§ Sometimes Vizier or Minister.
|| Hyde, indeed, mentions a sett of Chess-men, preserved at St. Denys, which be
longed to Charlemagne, and four of which were Kings and Queens. That these
pieces cannot be so ancient seems to be sufficiently evident, both from the set being
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 123
because she is placed next to the King, as the General was amongst the
Asiatics ; but this does not so properly keep up the idea of a military
conflict as when the Pherz (or General) is placed in the same situation ;
another impropriety arises from the Pawn's becoming a Queen when he
hath reached the last square of the adversary's camp ; as it is a suitable
reward to the Pawn (or foot soldier) to make him a General, if he pene
trates so far through the enemy's troops, but certainly no prowess on his
part can entitle him to be transformed into a Queen. The next piece in
power to the Pherz or Queen, is that which we call sometimes the Rook,
but more commonly the Castle. I conceive this term to be derived from
the Italians, who I have endeavoured to prove were the first Europeans
that played at Chess ; as rocca, in that language, not only signifies a
Rock, but a Fortress, which, in those times, was generally placed on an
eminence.*
" Sicura quasi rocca in alto monte."—Dante in Purg.
Hence our term at Chess—" The King Castles," or puts himself in a
state of security, by exchanging, in some measure, places with the Castle,
which then becomes more exposed to the enemy.
The name of the only remaining piece that seems to want some ex
planation is that which we call the Bishop ; and which the French term
the Fou, or Fool. The reason of this last appellation seems to be, that
as this piece stands on the sides of the King and Queen, some wag of
the times, from this styled it The Fool, because anciently royal personages
were commonly thus attended, from want of other means of amusing
themselves.f
As for the term Bishop, it is not so easily accounted for, as our Kings
or Queens have never had any such constant attendants. When we first
introduced this appellation is not perhaps to be settled with any certainty,
though we know that in Caxton's time this piece was styled the Elphyn.
It should seem, therefore, that the change of name took place after the
Reformation. If the form indeed of the Chess-pieces which belonged
to Charles the First, and which I had the honour of exhibiting to the
Society, is recollected, the top of the piece somewhat resembles a
Bishop's mitre.J
preserved entire for near ten centuries, and from the principal pieces having Arabic
characters on their back with the name of the maker. If Charlemagne was a Chess
player, he could probably have employed an artist of his own dominions.
* The term being mated seems also to be derived from the Italian Ammazzato or
hilled.
t The King's Fool was properly the King's Butt, who, being laughed at and
ridiculed by his Majesty, was permitted to cut his jokes on the courtiers.
t The Pawns in Caxton's time were of different figures, and not all uniform as at
present. The Pawn before the Queen (for example) represents the Queen's Spicer,
or Apothecary.—See Caxton's Book on Chess.
124 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
The origin of the Game of Chess, like the origin of Romance, has
been the subject of frequent discussion, and, for a long period, seemed
to be enveloped in nearly equal obscurity. But in tracing the former,
we possess one considerable advantage over those who have discussed
the source of fiction in the middle ages—the acknowledged fact, that the
Game of Chess could not have been produced by more minds than one,
although it may subsequently have been modified, improved, or altered,
according to the genius and habits of the people by whom it was adopted.
It is sufficient, therefore, at present, to assume, on the authorities pro
duced by the learned Dr. Hyde and Sir William Jones, that, for the
invention and earliest form of this Game, we must look to India ; * from
whence, through the medium of the Persians and Arabs (as demonstra
tively proved by the names of the Chess-men), it was afterwards trans
mitted to the nations of Europe.
Among the numerous writers who have treated of this Game, f it is to
* The attempt of Christie to re-assert the claims of the Greeks, in his Essay on the
ancient Game attributed to Palamedes, (4to. Lond. 1801,) however ingenious it may
be thought, oners no sort of proof, and is contradicted by all historical evidence ; it
is, however, possible, that the ancient Egyptians may also have possessed a knowledge
of Chess ; for, among the plates of hieroglyphics, published by Dr. Burton ( No. I.),
we find, at Medinet Habou, two representations of some tabular game closely re
sembling it ; and I am informed that a more perfect representation exists on the
Temples at Thebes.
t The only Treatises worth mentioning, in which the Game is considered histori
cally, are those of M. Sarasin, among his works, 4to. Paris, 1656, pp.259—277 ; of
Dr. Hyde, De Ludis Orientalibus, 12mo. Oxon., 1694 ; of M. Freret, in tom. v. of the
Histoire de VAcadimie des Inscriptions, pp. 250—264, 4to. 1729 ; of the Hon. Daines
Barrington, in the Archaologia, vol. ix. pp. 16—38 ; of Francis Douce, Esq., in the
same work, vol. xi. pp. 397—410 ; of M. L. Dubois, in tom. i. of the Magazin Ency-
clopidique, pp. 48—62, 1806, (almost wholly pillaged from Freret) ; and in four
Papers, by the late Lake Allen, Esq. (assisted by the writer of the present communi
cation), inserted in the New Monthly Magazine for 1822, vol. iv. pp.316—320, 497—
502 ; vol. v. pp. 125—130, 315—320.—See also Singer's Researches into the History
of Playing Cards, 4to. 1816 ; and, instar omnium, Twiss's Collections on the Game,
2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1787, 1789, with the additions in his " Miscellanies," 8vo. Lond.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 125
be regretted so few should have directed their attention to its history ;
and more particularly to the epoch of its introduction into the Western
world, and the state of the Game as then played by Europeans. Instead
of this, we are presented, in general, with vague surmises and uncon
nected quotations, which, although curious in themselves, do not enable
us to form any very distinct notions on the subject. One opinion, how
ever, is adopted, I believe, by all ; namely, that the Game was imported
from the East by the Crusaders, and, by their means, circulated through
out Europe—an hypothesis which, if true, would necessarily exclude all
knowledge of it previous to the year 1100.
Yet this opinion, plausible as it may at first seem, labours under many
difficulties ; and on a more careful examination will, I think, appear to
have been received too hastily. I do not here insist on the claims of the
Irish Chronicles to belief, when they relate that Cahir Mor, who died
a.d. 177, among other legacies, left several Chess-boards (Jichel) and
men (muinter) to his son ; * nor to the more positive testimony of the
Welch laws of Howel Dha (about a.d. 943), which speak of some
species of game played with black and white men (werin) on a table
board (tawlbwrdd).f In both instances I shall consider the fact not
proven; since it cannot be reconciled with the statements of Oriental
writers, nor with the chronology of the Game. Besides these objections,
the meaning of the terms employed is by no means certain ; and may,
with far greater probability, be referred to the game of tables or draughts,
than to Chess. Other evidence, however, exists, which would seem to
warrant an inference contrary to that which ascribes the knowledge of
Chess in Europe to the period of the crusades. At what time this Game
passed from the Arabs to the Greeks of the Lower Empire, has not yet
been ascertained. Hyde, Du Cange, and others, have quoted a passage
from the Alexiad of Anna Comnena, in which the Emperor is said to
have been accustomed to rise in the night, and play at Chess (t!> fai-pi/cior)
with his favourites. The fair historian expressly adds, that the Game
was derived by the Greeks from the Assyrians, or Arabs of Syria. Now
Alexius reigned from a. d. 1080 to a. d. 1118 ; and this has been con
sidered the earliest notice of the Game after it arrived at Constantinople.
But if we may depend on the fidelity of an Oriental historian,J we
ought to ascribe its appearance in the East of Europe full three centuries
anterior. In an epistle from the Emperor Nicephorus to the Caliph
1805. The most copious list of writers on this subject will be found at the end of
Ben-<mi,oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitziige imSchache, fyc.,mn a Reinga-
num, 8vo. Frankford, am. M. 1825.
* See Hyde's Hist. Shahiludii, Frolegom. and pp. 28, 52 ; and Twiss, vol. ii. pp.
261-264.
t Wolton's Leges Wallicae, 1. 3, c.vii. pp. 266-7, fol. Lond. 1730. The board was
made of ivory, bone, or horn ; and the game was played with eight men only on each
side.
} Abulfedae Annates, torn. ii. p. 85, 4to. Hafn. 1790.
•
126 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Haroun al Rashid, written soon after the accession of the former in
A. d. 802, he makes a pointed allusion to the Game of Chess. " The
Queen," said he, speaking of Irene, the mother of Constantine, " to
whom I have succeeded, considered you as a Rook, and herself as a
Pawn. That pusillanimous female submitted, therefore, to pay the tri
bute, the double of which she ought to have exacted from thyself."
What were the original terms employed in speaking of the Rook and
Pawn, we have no means of knowing, since the passage exists only in
the words of the Arabic writer. But the familiar manner in which such
a metaphor is used, sufficiently proves the Game to have been some time
previously introduced amongst the Greeks, and long enough to be
generally understood.
Assuming this as a fact (and I do not see how it can be questioned),
we may naturally infer that its progress would not be long confined to
the shores of the Propontis, but speedily be transported to the most
northern extremity of Europe. This would be rendered easy by the com
munication maintained between the Courts of Constantinople and France,
and by the frequent intercourse kept up through the medium of the ad
venturers of Italy and Scandinavia, who were allured to the Eastern
metropolis by the advantages of commerce, the prospect of military ser
vice, or by the more humble and sanctified object of a pilgrimage to the
Holy Sepulchre. Under such circumstances, it requires no very great
exertion of our credulity to receive the story, quoted by the Duke of
Lunenburg, from an old German Chronicle, in the library of Mark
Velser, in which the son of Otkar, a Bavarian prince, named Roch, is
said to have been killed by a son of King Pepin, on account of the
former having conquered repeatedly at Chess.* The same story, which
must be referred, at latest, to the middle of the eighth century, is re
peated by Metellus, of Tegernsee, a monastery in Upper Bavaria, near
the Lake of Zurich, who in his poem, entitled Quirinalia, or the Acts of
Saint Quiren, composed in the year 1160, writes as follows :—
" Huic ludo Tabulae Regis erat filius obvius,
Donee doctior hie obtinuit promptius aleam,
Rixam victus agit, corde patris forth potentius,
Et Rocho jaculans, mortifere vulnus adegerat."f
The above anecdote is rendered more credible by an incidental passage
in the account of the translation of the body of St. Stremon, Bishop of
* " Et dum filii dictorum Principum in Scaco luderent, filius Okarii semper Pipini
filium vicit. Pipini tamen filius de potentia patris praesumens, filium Ducis per tem
pore percutiens interfecit."—Da Schach-oder Konig-Spiel, Gustavi Seleni, foL Lip. 1617,
p. 14. This story is repeated in the fragment of a Chronicle published by Canisius.
Thes. Monument. tom, iv., in which it is referred to the year 746; and in the Chro
nicle of Andreas Presbyter, printed by Marq. Freher, p. 17.
t Canisii Thesaur. Monument. tom. iii. pt. 2, p. 134, ed. Basnage, fol. Acta Bene
dict. Sac. 3, pt. 1, p. 603. This circumstance furnished, in all probability, the proto
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 127
Arverne, in the fourteenth year of King Pepin, a.d. 764, to the monas
tery of Maussac, where, says the anonymous writer, " in token of his
reverence for the blessed martyr, the King bestowed many precious gifts,
such as a set of chrystalline Chess-men, various gems, and a large sum of
gold." *
But the strongest proof that the Game of Chess was introduced into
France during the period of the Carlovingian dynasty, is to be found in
the ivory Chess-men still preserved in the Cabinet of Antiquities, in the
Bibliotheque da Roi, at Paris, which have hitherto been regarded too
lightly. This has arisen from two causes : the first from their never
having been seen by any English writer, except Twiss ; and secondly,
from the strange mistake of Dr. Hyde, who represented the Pawns as
bearing muskets (sclopetos) on their shoulders, and consequently of very
modern workmanship.
These pieces were formerly deposited in the treasury of the Abbey of
St. Denis; and in a History of the Abbey, published in 1625, are thus
noticed :—" L'Empereur et Roy de France, Sainct Charlemagne, a donne
au Thresor de Sainct Denys un jeu d'eschets, avec la tablier, le tout
d'yvoire ; iceux eschets hauts d'une paulme, fort estimez ; le dit tablier
et une partie des eschets ont este perdus pas succession de temps, et est
bien vray semblable qu'ils ont este apportez de l'Orient, et sous les gros
eschets il y a des caracteres Arabesques." f
type of an incident commonly introduced into the old Romances, and from thence into
historians. In the Romance of Ogier le Danois, Chariot, son of Charlemagne, cleaves
the head of Baudoin, natural son of Ogier, with a Chess-board of gold. (See an
illumination, representing this, in MS. Reg. 15, E. vi. f. 82.) So, likewise, Thibaut
breaks the head of his nephew, Galyen (Roman de Galyen Rethore) ; Reynaut kills
Berthelot, the nephew of Charlemagne (Roman des Quatre Filz Aymon, and Roman
de Reynaud de Montauban) : Fabour lays dead at his feet the son of the Soldan of
Persia (Romance of Guy of Warwick) ; and Bevis of Hampton narrowly escapes
having his skull fractured. In the French Chronicles, we read that Henry the First,
when prince, played with the Dauphin of France, and knocked the Chess-board about
his head ; a story which is copied by Daniel, Carte, Hayward, and Benton, but
falsely referred by the latter to William the Conqueror. See Twiss, vol. ii. pp. 45,
139, 140. In the old Geslis of the Warins, cited by Leland, Collectan. i. 230, a
similar story is told of Prince John, son of Henry II., and Fulke Fitz-Warin. The
ancient Chess-boards were very massive, and often made of the precious metals or
stones.—See New Monthly Magazine, vol. v. p. 125, 1822. The colours of the squares
were either black and white, red and white, or yellow and white.—(See MS. Cott.
Cleop. B. ix.) With regard to the size, that on which Charlemagne's pieces stood
must have been prodigious ; and it would require one above two feet square to play
with the Chess-men which form the subject of this paper.
* " Ubi pro reverentiit beati Martyris, plurima relinquit (Pippinus Rex) insignia,
scilicet saccho (l.schachos) crystallinos, et lapides pretioses, et auri plurimum."—Acta
Benedict. Sasc. 3, pt.2, p. 192.
+ Histoire de PAbbaye de S. Denis, par Jaques Doublet, Religieux de la dite Ab-
baye, 4to. Par. 1625.
128 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Dr. Hyde quotes a somewhat similar passage from another writer
(Millet), and gives us the Arabic inscription engraved on the larger
pieces—Ex opere Josephi Nicolai; arguing, from the name, that the
artist was an European.*
But, with all respect to Hyde's Oriental learning, it is evident we
ought to translate the words (as in Menage), ex opere Josephi al Nakali;
i. e. the work of Joseph, native of Nakali, probably a city of Asia Minor,
now called by the Turks, Aineh-ghiol. f
The pieces, as described by the same author, represent a King, Queen,
Archer, Centaur, Elephant, and Pawn. Mr. Twiss, who actually saw
these Chess-men at St. Denis, previous to the year 1787, says, that at that
time only fifteen pieces and one Pawn remained, all of ivory, yellowed
by time. He gives, nevertheless, a very unsatisfactory account of them ;
but states the King to be about twelve inches high and eight broad, very
clumsily carved ; and the Pawn about three inches high, representing a
dwarf, bearing a large shield. A private engraving of the Pawn was
circulated by Twiss, which completely disproves the assertion of Hyde
with regard to the muskets. But we are fortunately enabled to form a
more accurate judgment of the antiquity and form of these singular
pieces, from the figures of the King and Queen engraved in Willemin's
splendid work. X They are each represented sitting on a throne, within
an arched canopy of a semi-circular shape supported by columns ; and
on either side of the King, two male, of the Queen, two female per
sonages, are seen in the act of drawing aside a curtain. The King holds
a sceptre in his hand, and the Queen an oval ornament, probably in
tended for the mound. The dresses and ornaments are. all strictly in
keeping with the Greek costume of the ninth century ; and it is impossible
not to be convinced, from the general character of the figures, that these
Chess-men really belong to the period assigned them by tradition, and
were in all probability executed at Constantinople, by an Asiatic Greek,
and sent as a present to Charlemagne, either by the Empress Irene, or by
her successor Nicephorus. With both these sovereigns (in. imitation of
his predecessor Pepin's policy) the Prankish monarch had maintained a
friendly intercourse by means of embassies, and nothing could have
been better calculated to excite the interest of the Royal barbarian, than
the materials of a Game which had recently been brought to the know
ledge of Western Europe.
(To be continued in our next number.)
GAME XXXVII.
Between Mr. M'Donnell and Captain Evans, the originator of the
celebrated opening known as " The Evans Gambit," Mr. M'D. giving
the odds of the Queen's Knight.
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Capt. E.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
VOl. I.—N. S.
130 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Capt. E.)
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. Kt. P. two (a) 4. K. B. takes Q. Kt. P.
5. Q. B. P. one 5. K. B. to Q. B. fourth (6)
6. Castles 6. Q. P. one
7. Q. P. two 7. P. takes P.
8. P. takes P. 8. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
9. Q. P. one 9. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
10. Kt. takes Kt. 10. P. takes Kt.
11. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second 11. Q. to K. second
12. Q. to her third 12. K. B. P. one
13. Q. B. to Q. R. third 13. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
14. K. B. checks (c) 14. K. to B.
15. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second 15. Q. B. to Q. second
16. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 16. Kt. to R. third
17. Q. R. to Q. B. 17. Kt. to B. second
18. R. to Q. B. third 18. K. B. to Q. third
19. Q. to K. Kt. third 19. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth
20. Q. to her third 20. Q. R. P. one
21. Q. B. to Q. B.'s sqr. 21. Kt. to K. B. second
22. Q. to Q. Kt. 22. Q. Kt. P. two
23. B. to K. second 23. K. Kt. P. one
24. K. Kt. P. one 24. B. to K. R. sixth
25. R. to Q. 25. K. to Kt. second (rf)
26. K. Kt. P. one 26. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth
27. B. takes Kt. 27. P. takes B.
28. R. takes B. 28. Q. R. to K. B.
29- R- to Q. B. third 29. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
30. K. R. to K. B. 30. R. to K. B. third
31. Q. to Q. B. 31. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
32. K. to Kt. second (e) 32. K. R. to K. B.
33. K. B. P. one 33. K. R. P. one
34. Q. R. P. two 34. Q. Kt. P. one
35. R. to Q. B. second 35. Q. R. P. one
36. Q. to her second 36. K. R. to Q.
37. K. R. to Q. B. 37. Q. to her second
38. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 38. Q. to K. B. second
39- Q. to K. second 39. K. R. to K. B.
40. K. R. to K. B. 40. B. to Q. fifth
41. R. to Q. B. sixth 41. R. takes R.
42. B. takes R. 42. Q. to K. B. fifth
43. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth 43. B. to Q. Kt. third
. 44. B. to Q. seventh 44. R. to K. B. second
45. B. to K. eighth 45. R. to K. second
46. R. to a 46. Q. to K. B. third
47. B. to Q. B. sixth 47. R. to K. B. second
48. R. to K. B. 48. R. to K. B.
49. Q. to K. second 49. K. R. P. one
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 131
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Capt. E.)
50. P. takes P. 50. P. takes P.
51. B. to Q. seventh 51. Q. to K. B. fifth
52. B. to K. B. fifth 52. Q. to K. sixth
53. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth 53. R. to K. B. second
54. K. to R. 54. Q. to Q. B. fourth
55. Q. to K. eighth 55. Q. to K. second
56. Q. to Q. B. sixth 56. R. to K. B. third
57. Q. to Q. B. 57. R. to K. R. third
58. R. to K. 58. K. Kt. P. one
59. K. B. P. one 59. P. takes P.
60. Q. takes K. B. P. 60. R. to Q. third
61. B. to K. sixth 61. R. to Q.
62. R. to K. B. 62. R. to K. B.
63. Q. to K. fifth (check) 63. K. to R. third
64. R. to K. B. fifth 64. R. takes R.
65. P. takes R. 65. Q. to K. Kt. second
66. Q. to K. 66. Q. to Q. B. sixth
67. Q. to K. B. 67. Q. to K. B. sixth (check)
68. Q. takes Q. 68. P. takes Q.
69. Q. P. one (/) 69. P. takes P.
70. K. B. P. one 70. K. R. P. one
71. K. B. P. one 71. K. to Kt. second
72. K. R. P. one 72. B. to Q.
73. K. to Kt. 73. B. to K. second
74. K. to B. second 74. K. to B. third
75. B. to Q. Kt. third 75. K. to his fourth
76. K. takes P. 76. K. to Q. fifth
77. K. to his second 77. K. to Q. B. sixth
78. B. to K. sixth 78. Q. Kt. P. one
79. K. to Q. 79. K. to Kt. seventh
80. K. to Q. second 80. B. to K. B.
81. K. to Q. third 81. K. to R. sixth
82. K. to Q. second 82. K. takes Q. R. P.
83. K. to B. 83. K.to Kt. fifth
84. K. to Kt. second 84. Q. R. P. one
85. K. to Kt. 85. Q. R. P. one
86. B. to Q. fifth 86. Q. R. P. (checks)
87. K. to R. 87. B. checkmates.
GAME XXXVIII.
The following skilful Game was played last week, between Mr. St—n
and Mr. M—, of the Liverpool Chess Club ; the former giving the odds
of " a Pawn and two moves."—The K. B. P. of Black must be taken
from the board.
White. (Mr. M—.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. and Q.'s Pawn two 1. K. P. one
2. K. B. to Q. third 2. Q. B. P. two
3. Q. B. P. one 3. P. takes P.
4. P. takes P. 4. K. B. checks
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. B. takes Kt. (check) (a)
6. P. takes B. 6. K. Kt. to K. second
7. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 7. Castles
8. K. P. one 8. Q. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. to Q. B. second 9. K. R. P. one
10. B. to K. R. fourth 10. Q. to K.
11. K. Kt. P. two 11. Q. Kt. P. one
12. K. Kt. to R. third 12. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second (i)
13. K. R/to Kt. 13. Q. R. to Q. B.
14. Q. to K. second 14. K. Kt. to Q. fourth
15. Q. R. to Q. B. (c) 15. K. R. to K. B. sixth
16. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 16. Q. Kt. takes Q. P. (d)
17. K. B. to K. fourth (e) 17. Q. R. takes Q. B. P.
18. R. takes R. 18. Kt. takes R. (/)
19. B. takes B. 19. Q. to K. Kt. third
20. K. to K. B. (g) 20. Q. takes K. Kt. P. (A)
21. B. takes R. 21. Q. Kt. takes B.
22. Q. takes K. Kt. 22. Q. takes Kt. (check)
23. R. to K. Kt. second 23. Q. to K. B. fourth
24. K. to K. second 24. Q. to K. fifth (check)
AND, AFTER A FEW MORE MOVES, THE GAME WAS DECLARED
" DRAWN."
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 133
GAME XXXIX.
Spirited Game, played at Goode's Divan, between Mr. St—n and Mr. —,
a well known Metropolitan Player ; the former giving the odds of the
Q.'s Kt.
Black. (Mr. St—n.) White. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. to K. second 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. B. P. one (a) 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. K. B. P. two 5. B. takes Kt.
6. R. takes B. 6. Castles
7. Q. P. one 7. Q. P. two
8. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 8. Q. P. takes P.
9. Q. P. takes P. 9. K. P. takes K. B. P.
10. K. B. to Q. B. second 10. K. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth (A)
11. Q. B. takes P. 11. Q. to K. R. fifth (check)
12. B. to K. Kt. third 12. Q. to K. R. third
THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. St—n.) White. (Mr. —.)
13. K. R. P. one 13. K. Kt. to K. sixth
14. K. B. to Q. third 14. B. to K. third
15. Q. B. to K. B. second 15. Kt. takes K. Kt. P. (check (c)
16. R. takes Kt. 16. a takes K. R. P.
17. R. to K. Kt. third 17. Q. to R. eighth (check)
18. R. to Kt. 18. GL. to R. seventh
19- Castles 19. Kt. to K. fourth
20. K. to Kt. 20. Kt. takes B.
21. K. R. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 21. K. to R. (d)
22. B. to Q. fourth 22. Q. takes Q.
23. K.R. takes K.B.P. (discov.ch.) 23. K. to Kt.
24. K. R. to Kt. seventh (check) 24. K. to R.
25. K. R. to Kt. sixth (discovering
check), and the second player
resigns.
Notes to Game XXXIX.
(a) When giving such large odds as a Kt., it is impolitic in the first
player to take K. B. P. with his Bishop at this point ; because, although
he readily recovers a piece in return for the one sacrificed, the exchange
serves to strengthen his opponent's game.
(6) White should have taken K.'s P. with K.'s Kt. and then moved
R. to K.
(c) The Knight could not escape.
(rf) Had the second player taken the R. with his King, Black would
have checked with his Bishop at Q.'s fourth, and then have taken the
Queen.
GAME XL.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 7th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. two
5. K. P. one 5. K. B. P. one
6. K. B. to K. second 6. K. B. to K. second
7. Q. Kt. to R. third 7. Q. to Q. Kt. third
8. Q. Kt. te Q. B. second 8. K. Kt. to R. third
9. Q. P. two 9. P. takes P.
10. P. takes P. 10. Q. B. to Q. second
11. K. B. to Q. third 11. Q. Kt. to Kt. fifth
12. Kt. takes Kt. 12. B. takes Kt. (check)
13. K. to B. second (a) 13. Castles, K.'s side
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 135
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
14. K. R. to K. B. 14. P. takes P.
15. K. B. P. takes P. 15. Kt. to K. B. fourth (6)
16. B. takes Kt. 16. R. takes B.
17. K. to Kt. 17. Q. R. to Q. B.
18. K. Kt. P. two 18. K. R. to B. second
19. Q. R. P. two 19. Q. R. to K. B.
20. Q. B. to K. third 20. K. B. to K. second
21. Q. to K. second 21. ft. to Q. Kt. sixth
22. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 22. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (c)
23. K. to Kt. second 23. R. takes Kt. (d)
24. R. takes R. 24. R. takes R.
25. R. to Q. B. (e) 25. R. to K. B.
26. R. to Q. B. seventh (/) 26. Q. B. to Q. B. third
27. B. to K. third 27. Q to Q. B. fifth
28. Q. to her square 28. K. B. to Q. R. fourth
29. R. to K. seventh 29. Q. B. takes Q. R. P.
and Mr. Wl'. fELL RESIGNED.
SOLUTIONS
No. 4.
White. Black.
1. B. to K. B.'s sixth 1. R.'s P. one, or (A.)
2. R. takes Kt.'s P. 2. R. to a
3. B. to Kt.'s sixth 3. May move as he can.
4. R. to R.'s seventh (check) 4. K. to Kt.
5. R. to R.'s eighth, checkmate.
(A.)
1. B. to K. B. sixth 1. R.'s P. two
2. R. takes Kt.'s P. 2. R. to Q.
3. R. to K. Kt.'s fifth (discover
ing check with B.), and must
mate next move.
138 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" W. L. R., Wakefield."— The list received with thanks.
" W. H., Richmond."—The two games shall be duly examined, and
commented on. We shall be glad to see the two papers alluded to.
" G. S. S., Liverpool."—The game is very well played by the party
who gave the odds, but does not possess sufficient points of interest for
publication. Much that is instructive to the rising player, may be
gleaned from the position which G. S. S. forwarded last week ; it shall
have a place in our columns shortly.
" H. M., Ramornie."—Many thanks for the polite attention to our
application.
" Capt. B."—We have been compelled to postpone the examination
of the three games, for a few days. They shall appear at the earliest
convenient opportunity.
"R. P. L."—A private communication was sent by the Editor last
week.
"J. E. C, Pentonville."—In the description of the Problem at
page 89, Black, it should be mentioned, has a Pawn at K. R.'s second
sqr. We think it most desirable, as our correspondent suggests, to pub
lish solutions to the principal problems, as the Appendix to our first vol.
" Shagird."—"Stat nominis umbra."—We cannot recognize the fine
Roman hand. Will he favour us with an explanatory line immediately ?
He is right respecting the " flaw."
" S. R., Ipswich."—We do not know the result of the match between
the Yarmouth and Lynn Clubs.
" B. D."—omitted, before playing over the game, to remove the Knight
from the Q.'s side of the first player. When it is mentioned that the
odds of Rook, Knight, or Pawn are given, the student, before commencing
the game, must be careful to remove the piece or Pawn named from the
ranks of the party who gives the odds. When, " P. and move," or " P.
and two moves," are given, it is the "King's Bishop's Pawn," which
must be taken off.
" R. A. B., Leeds."—We are much indebted to our friendly corre
spondent, for his acceptable budget of new Problems for Young Players.
" R. P. L., Vauxhall,"—will receive a private communication, on
the subject of his letter, immediately.
" J. F., G. C— Regiment."—No care is spared to prevent typogra
phical errors in the games of "The Chess Player's Chronicle;"
and our Correspondent is mistaken in believing he has detected an inac
curacy in the game cited. We have before had occasion to remark, and
cannot too forcibly impress it upon young players, that the greatest
caution and precision are necessary in playing games over " from book."
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 139
The advantages arising from the practice are, however, more than com
mensurate with its difficulties, and a little perseverance soon renders the
labour one of love. It has occurred to us, that much of the irksomeness
which learners complain of in this task, would be lessened, if some
symbol, such as a crown, a diadem, or fillet, surmounted the King's
Rook and Knight, to distinguish them from the same pieces on the
Queen's side. While examining a printed game, the Bishops, moving
on squares of an opposite colour, are easily recognizable to the end, but
the repetition of " King's Rook takes Queen's Knight," " Queen's Knight
checks," and the like," occasions incalculable trouble to the inexperienced
Chess Player.—We throw out this suggestion at random, but have very
little doubt that the makers of Chess-men would find it to their account
to manufacture some pieces after the fashion here recommended.
LECTURES ON CHESS.
The Armagh Chess Club having proposed to give a course of six
Lectures on that Game, the first was delivered on Wednesday evening
last, by the Secretary of that Society, in the Market-House Rooms, to a
numerous and attentive audience, a great portion of whom were ladies.
The subject of the Lecture, after a few prefatory observations, was an
endeavour to discover the origin of the Game, by giving extracts from
the historical annals in which the different nations of the East have
founded their right to the honour of its invention. After comparing and
contrasting the claims of Hindostan, China, Persia, Arabia, Egypt,
Greece, and other countries of ancient renown, to its paternity, the
former country, it was thought, seemed to have the best and most
authentic data in its favour, though it is by no means certain that the
inhabitants of China were not acquainted with it, even at a more remote
period. Of the real origin of this most ancient of all Games, nothing is
known with any certainty, nor will probably ever be discovered. Its pro
gress through Europe was then traced, and its introduction into England,
where it was much in fashion at the Court of William the Conqueror,
and a knowledge of it considered essential in the education of warlike
Knights in those chivalrous ages. The evening concluded with illustra
tions of a few of the most popular openings, viz.—the King's Knight's,
the Queen's Pawn two, the Giuoco Piano, and the Evans Gambit. The
nature of these different openings was fully explained—the strongest
methods of attack and defence were shown and commented on; and,
after playing them over several times, so as to make the audience ac
quainted with the different positions, the evening's amusements con
cluded with the announcement, that on the succeeding Wednesday
the course would be continued, and the subject of that Lecture would
be " An attempt to prove the excellence and superiority of Chess,
as a rational and domestic recreation, with illustrations of the openings
called the King's Bishop, the Queen's Bishop's Pawn, and the Lopez
Gambit."
This is the first instance of Lectures having been given in Ireland on
this interesting subject ; and we cannot help congratulating the Armagh
Chess Club, for their spirit in bringing it under the notice of their fellow
citizens. The arrangements for the accommodation of the company
were admirable, and every one appeared highly pleased with the
novelty.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 141
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON TBI
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 128.)
On e thing is certain, that these Chess-men, from their size and work
manship, must have been designed for no ignoble personage ; and from
the decided style of Greek art visible in the figures, it is a more natural
inference to suppose them presented to Charlemagne by a sovereign of
the Lower Empire, than that they came to him as an offering from
the Moorish Princes of Spain, or even from the Caliph Haroun al
Rashid, whose gifts to the Emperor of the West are detailed so minutely
by the German . historians. The value, also, attached to them at that
period, is testified by their having been placed, together with the most
costly ornaments of the state, in the Abbey of St. Denis, where they
were preserved till the time of the Revolution. It is possible, also, that
this transaction may have given rise to the passage above quoted, of a
similar donation of King Pepin to the Monastery of Maussac.
Admitting the above hypothesis to be correct, we shall cease to
wonder at the perpetual reference in the ancient French romances to the
game of Chess in the time of Charlemagne. This is remarkably the
case in the Romance of Guerin de Montglave, which turns wholly upon
a game of Chess, at which Charlemagne had lost his kingdom to Guerin.
The short dialogue which preceded this game, on which so great a stake
depended, as narrated by the hero of the story to his sons, is charac
teristic, and has been thus modernized by the Comte de Tressan.
" ' I bet,' said the Emperor to me, ' that you would not play your ex
pectations against me on this Chess-board, unless I were to propose
some very high stake.' ' Done,' replied I ; ' I will play them, provided
only you bet against me your kingdom of France ?' ' Very good, let us
see,' cried Charlemagne, who fancied himself to be strong at Chess.
We play forthwith—I win his kingdom—he falls a laughing at it ; but I
swear by St. Martin, and all the Saints of Aquitain, that he must needs
pay me by some sort of composition or other."* The Emperor, therefore,
* " ' Je parie, que vous ne voudriez pas jouer contre moi vos esperances, sur cet
^chequer, a moins que je ne misse gros au jeu.' ' Si fait,' repondis-je, ' les jouerai, *
pourvu que (faciei contre moi seulement votre royaume de France.' ' Eh bien !
142 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
by way of equivalent, surrenders to Guerin all his right to the city of
Montglave (Lyons), then in the hands of the Saracens, which is forth
with conquered by the hero, who afterwards marries Mabilette, the
Soldan's daughter.
In another romance, containing the history of Les Quatre Filz Aymon,
we read that Duke Richard of Normandy was playing at Chess with
Ivounet, son of Regnaut (Rinaldo) when he was arrested by the officers
of Regnaut, who said to him (we quote from the old translation of Cope-
land, 1504), " ' Aryse up, Duke Rycharde ; for in dispite of Charlemayne
that loveth you so muche, ye shall be hanged now ?' When Duke Rychard
saw that these sergeauntes had him thus by the arm, and held in his
hande a lady (dame) of ivory, where w' he would have given a mate to
Younet, he withdrew his arme and gave to one of the sergeauntes such a
stroke with it into the forehead, that he made him tumble over and over
at his feete ; and then he tooke a rooke (roc) and smote another w' all1-'
upon his head, that he all to brost it to the brayne." Examples of this
nature might be multiplied to some extent, but the above will be suffi
cient to show the manner in which the old romances introduce the Game.
Another instance, of a later date, indeed, than the period I have left,
but early enough to prove my position that Chess must have been known
in Europe previous to the first crusade, presents itself in the Epistles of
Damiano, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia, who died in 1080. In a letter to
Pope Alexander II. (1061—1073,) he mentions an adventure which took
place between himself and a Bishop of Florence. " Whilst we were
travelling together," he writes, "having arrived in the evening at a
resting place, I withdrew myself to the neighbouring cell of a priest ;
but he remained with a crowd of people in a large house of entertain
ment. In the morning my servant informed me that the Bishop had
been playing at the game of Chess; which thing when I heard, it
pierced to my heart like an arrow. At a convenient hour I sent for him,
and said, in a tone of severe reproof, ' The hand is stretched out ; the
rod is ready for the back of the offender.' ' Let the fault be proved,'
said he, ' and penance shall not be refused.' ' Was it well,' rejoined
I—' was it worthy of the character you bear, to spend the evening in the
vanity of Chess-play (in vanitate scachorum), and defile the hands and
tongue which ought to be the mediators between man and the Deity ? Are
you not aware that by the canonical, bishops who are dice-players are
ordered to be suspended,' (deponantur). He, however, seeking an
excuse from the name of the game, and sheltering himself under this
shield, suggested that dice was one thing and Chess another; conse-
voyons,' dit Charles, qui se croyoit fort aux echecs. Nous jouons : je lai gagne son
royaume ; il se met a rire ; moi, je jure par Saint Martin, et par bien d'autres saints
de mon pays d'Aquitaine, qu'il faut bien qu'il roe paye par quelque accommodement."
—Bibliotheque des Romans, Oct. 1771, vol. ii. p. 8.
AND CHESS PLAYER's CHRONICLE. 143
quently that dice alone were forbidden by the canon, but Chess tacitly
allowed. To which I replied thus ; ' Chess/ said I, ' is not named in
the text, but is comprehended under the general term of dice. Wherefore
since dice are prohibited, and Chess is not expressly mentioned, it follows
without doubt that both kinds of play are included under one term, and
equally condemned.' " To this the poor prelate could make no reply,
and was ordered by his superior, by way of penance for the offence, to
repeat his Psalter over thrice, and to wash the feet of, and give alms to,
twelve poor persons.* Twiss infers from this story that Chess was then
a thing quite new and strange, vol. i. p. 109 ; but I apprehend the direct
reverse should be the conclusion.
The preceding observations have been called forth by a singular dis
covery made in the course of the last twelvemonth, which throws no
inconsiderable light on the early history of the Game of Chess, after its
arrival in Europe.
It was thus announced in the Scottish newspapers of June last :—
" Some months ago a very curious discovery was made in the parish
of Uig, Isle of Lewis, which must prove highly interesting to Scottish
antiquaries. A peasant of the place, whilst digging a sand bank, found
upwards of seventy pieces of bone, most of them representing Kings,
Bishops, and Knights, dismounted and on horseback. The figures are of
excellent workmanship, and, judging from the costume, certainly of very
remote antiquity. That they were originally carved for the ancient
purpose of Chess-play seems the most probable conjecture, and had
been destined to relieve the sadness of cloistered seclusion ; for they
were discovered near the ruin known to have been a nunnery, and still
named, Taignir collechin dugh an Uig, the House of Black Women in
Uig.f With the other articles was found a buckle of the same kind of
bone or ivory, beautifully executed, and in perfect preservation, as are
all the rest."
By the liberality of the trustees of the British Museum, these figures
now form a part of the National Collection of Antiquities, and it is to
be hoped that an accurate description of them may not be unacceptable,
* " Dum aliquando sibi essem comes itineris, vespertinum tandem subeuntes
hospitium, ego me in presbyteri cellam semovi, is autem in spatiosa domo cum com-
meantium turba resedit Mane autem facto, a meo mihi agasone significatum est,
quod praedictus Episcopus ludo praefuerit Scachorum. Quod profecto verbum, velut
sagitta, ' cor meum dentissime pupugit.—Hie autem ex diversitate nominum defen-
sionis sibi faciens scutum, ait, aliud Schachum esse, aliud aleam. Aleas ergo auctoritas
ilia prohibuit, Schachos vero tacendo concessit. Ad quo ego : Schachum, inquam,
scripture non ponit, sed utriusque ludi genus aleae nomine comprehendit."—Epist.
Damiani, 4to. Par. 1610, p. 45.
t A private letter from Edinburgh states the story of the nunnery to be Bctitious,
but that a ruin of some note exists not far from the spot where these Chess-men were
found.
144 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
even should the writer of the present communication fail in his attempt
to give them " a local habitation and a name."
The number of these Chess-men—for such they are—exclusive of the
fourteen table- men, or draught-men, and the fibula found with them,
amounts to sixty-seven ; of which number nineteen are Pawns, the rest
superior pieces. Of these, six are Kings, five Queens, thirteen Bishops,
fourteen Knights, and ten pieces which I shall designate by the title of
Warders, which here take the place of the Rook or Castle ; forming
altogether the materials of six or more sets. For the sake of distinc
tion, part of them were originally stained of a dark red or beet-root
colour; but from having been so long subject to the action of salt
water, the colouring matter in most cases has been discharged. The
pieces vary also in size, according to the sets of which they formed apart;
and although so many remain, it is difficult at present to select even two
sets which correspond exactly. A short comparative statement of the
height, circumference, and base, of the largest and smallest of each sort,
is subjoined :—
Height. Circumference. Base.
Largest King 4i inch. 6J inch. 2i by 1| inch.
Smallest ditto 3* . 5* . . It by 11
Largest Queen at ' . 51 . . H by If
Smallest ditto 3 5 It by If
Largest Bishop 4 . 5| . . 2 by If
Smallest ditto 2t . . 4j . . li by lj
Largest Knight . 4 . 6i . . 2i by 14
Smallest ditto 2f . 5J . . 2 by 1
Largest Warder . 4 5 x by If
Smallest ditto 2t ' . 4i . . li by li
Largest Pawn 21 . 3j . . It by t
Smallest ditto 11 . 2| . . iby t
(To be continued in our next number.)
UQttr.
White engages to give checkmate, with the Queen's Bishop's Pawn, in
thirty-seven moves, without taking any of the adverse Pawns, or per
mitting them to be moved.
GAME XLI.
Recently played between the two best players in the Bristol Chess Club.
White. (Mr. W.) Black. (Mr. E. W.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. a B. P. two (a) 2. K. P. two
3. Q. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. P. one
4. Q. P. one 4. K. B. P. two
5. K. B. P. two 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. B. to K. second 7. B. to K. second
Vol. I.—N. S.
146 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr.W.) Black. (Mr. E. W.)
8. K. B. P. takes P. 8. Q. P. takes P.
9. Castles 9. K. B. P. one
10. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth 10. Castles
11. Q. Kt. P. one 11. K. B. to Q. third
12. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second 12. Kt. to Q. fifth
13. K. Kt. takes Q. Kt. 13. Q. B. P. takes Kt.
14. K. R. P. one 14. K. to R.
15. Q. R. P. one 15. Q. R. P. two
16. Q. R. to Q. B. 16. Q. Kt. P. one
17. Q. to K. 17. K. Kt. P. two
18. Q. to K. B. second 18. R. to K. Kt.
19. K. to R. second 19. K. Kt. P. one
20. Q. to K. R. fourth 20. K. Kt. P. one (check) (6)
21. K. to R. 21. B. to K. second
22. Kt. takes B. 22. Q. takes Kt.
23. B. takes Q. P. (c) 23. P. takes B.
24. R. takes K. B. P. 24. R. to K. Kt. third
25. Q. R. to K. B. 25. Kt. to Kt. sqr.
26. Q. to R. fifth 26. R. to K. Kt. fourth
27. Q. to R. fourth 27. B. to K. third
28. B. to K. R. fifth 28. Q. to K. Kt. second
29. B. to B. seventh 29. B. takes B.
30. R. takes B. 30. Q. to R. third
31. ft. to B. fourth 31. Q. R. to K.
32. Q. R. to K. B. third 32. Q. to R. fourth
33 K. R. P. one (d) 33. R. to K. Kt. fifth
34. R. takes K. R. P. (check) 34. K. takes R.
35. Q. to Q. B. seventh (check) 35. Q. R. to K. second
AND THE FIRST PLAYER RESIGNS.
GAME XLII.
Finely contested Game, between Mr. St—n and Mr. M., of the Liver
pool Chess Club ; the former giving the odds of "Pawn and two moves."
—The K. B. P. of the second player must be taken from the board.
White. (Mr. M.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. and Q.'s P. two 1. Q. P. one
2. K. B. to Q. third 2. Q. B. P. two
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 147
White. (Mr. M.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
3. Q. B. P. one (a) 3. P. takes P.
4. P. takes P. 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. K. B. P. two (6) 5. Q. B. to K. third
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. Q. Kt. to Q. second
7. K. R. P. one 7. B. to K. B. second
8. Castles 8. K. P. one
9. K. P. one 9. K. Kt. to Q. fourth
10. K. B. P. one 10. Q. P. takes K. P.
11. K. B. P. takes P. 11. B. takes P.
12. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 12. Q. to K. second
13. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 13. K. to Q.
14. Q. Kt, to R. third 14. K. Kt. to K. B. third
15. Kt. takes B. (check) 15. Q. takes K. Kt.
16. Q. to K. second 16. B. takes Kt.
17. P. takes B. 17. R to Q. B.
18. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 18. Ci. to U. Kt. third
19. K. to R. 19. P. takes P.
20. Q. R. to Q. Kt. 20. Q. to Q. R. fourth (r)
21. Q. R. to Q. Kt. fifth 21. Q. takes Q. R. P.
22. R. takes Q. Kt. P. 22. R. to Q. B. second
23. Q. R. to Q. Kt. third 23. Q. to K. second
24. Q. to Q. Kt. second (rf) 24." R. to Q. B. sixth (e)
25. R. takes R. 25. P. takes R.
26. Q. takes P. 26. Q. to Q. B. fourth
27. Q. takes Q. 27. Kt. takes Q.
28. K. B. to K. B. fifth (/) 28. K. R. P. one
29- Q. B. to K. third 29. Kt. from K. B. third to K. fifth
30. R. to Q. (check) 30. K. to K. second
31. K. B. takes Kt. 31. Kt. takes B.
32. B. takes Q. R. P. 32. R. to Q. R.
33. B. to Q. fourth {g) 33. R. to Q.
34. K. to Kt. 34. K. to K. third
35. K. to B. 35. K. Kt. P. two
36. K. to K. second 36. R. to Q. R.
37. R. to Q. R. 37. K. to Q. fourth
38. B. to K. Kt. seventh 38. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth (check)
39. K. to B. third 39. Kt. to K. B. fourth
40. B. to Q. Kt. second 40. Kt. to K. R. fifth (check)
41. K. to Kt. third 41. Kt. checks
42. K. to Kt. fourth 42. K. to K. fifth
43. a. r. p. two 43. Kt. to K. sixth (check)
44. K. to Kt. third 44. K. R. P. one
45. Q. R. P. one 45. R. to Q. R. third
46. R. to Q. R. fourth (check) 46. K. to Q. sixth
47. B. to a B. 47. K. R. P. one (check)
48. K. to R. second (A) 48. Kt. to B. eighth (check)
L2
148 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. M.) Black. (M. St—n.)
49. K. to Kt. 49. Kt. to Q. seventh
50. B. to Q. R. third (t) 50. R. to K. third
51. B. to Q. Kt. fourth 51. R. checks
52. K. to R. second 52. Kt. to B. eighth (check)
53. K. to Kt. (*) 53. Kt. to Q. seventh, discovering
check, and drawing the
game.
GAME XLIV.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell. .
(Game 8fh.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two (a) 2. P. takes P.
3. Q. Kt. to B. third 3. K. B. P. two
4. K. P. one 4. K. P. one
5. K. B. takes P. 5. Q. B. P. one
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. to Q. third
7. K. P. one 7. Q. Kt. P. two
8. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 8. Q. R. P. two (6)
9. K. P. takes P. 9. K. P. takes P.
10. Castles 10. Q. R. P. one
11. K. B. takes K. Kt. 11. K. R. takes B.
12. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 12. Q. to Q. B. second
13. Q. to K. second (check) 13. K. to B.
14. K. R. to K. sqr. 14. K. to B. second
15. Q. R. to Q. B. (e) 15. Q. to Q. Kt. second
16. Q. P. one 16. K. R. P. one (rf)
17. Q. P. takes P. 17- Q. to Q. R. third
18. Q. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P. (e) 18. K. R. P. takes B.
19- Q. Kt. takes B. (check) 19. K. to Kt. third
and chess player's chronicle. 151
White. (M. Db la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
20. K. Kt. to K.'s fifth (check) 20. K. to B. third
21. Q. to K. R. fifth 21. P. to K. Kt. third
22. Q. to K. R. seventh 22. Q. B. to K. third
23. K. Kt. takes K. Kt. P. 23. Q. Kt. takes P. (/)
24. Q. R. takes Kt. 24. Q. to Q. sixth (g)
25. Q. to K. seventh (check) (h) 25. K. takes Kt.
26. K. R. takes B. (check) 26. K. to R. fourth
27. Q. to K. R. seventh (check) 27. K. to Kt. fifth
28. Q. R. to Q. B. fourth (check) 28. K. B. P. one
29. K. R. P. one (check) 29. Q. takes K. R. P.
30. Q. takes Q. (checkmate).
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 5.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to Q.'s fifth (check) 1. K. to K. B.'s fourth, or (A)
2. R. to K.'s sqr. 2. B. to Q. B.'s second
This is better than moving the
Bishop to K. B.'s third, because
the Kt. in that case would give
checkmate next move.
3. Q. to Q.'s third (check) 3. Kt. takes Q.
4. Kt. to K.'s seventh (check) 4. K. to B.'s third
5. B. to K. Kt. fifth (checkmate).
(A)
White. Black.
1. Kt. to Q.'s fifth (check) 1. Kt. takes Kt.
2. B. to K. Kt.'s fifth (check) 2. K. to K. B.'s fourth
3. Q. to her third (checkmate).
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 153
No. 6.
White. Black.
1. R. to Q.'s eighth (check) 1. K. to R.'s second
2. K. R. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 2. R. takes R.
3. Kt. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 3. K. to Kt. or R.'s sqr.
4. Kt. to Kt. sixth (disc, check) 4. K. to R.'8 second or B.'s second
5. R. mates.
CRITICAL POSITIONS.
The following Positions, which have recently occurred in actual play,
and have never been published, may afford some entertainment to our
readers.
No. 1.
White. Black.
K. at K. R.'s square K. at K. Kt.'s square
Q. at K.'s fourth Q. at Q.'s second
R. at K.'s square R. at Q.'s seventh
R. at Q. B.'s square R. at Q. Kt.'s seventh
B. at K. R.'s fifth Kt. at Q. Kt.'s sixth
P. at K. Kt.'s second P. at Q. R.'s seventh
P. at K. R.'s third P. at K. Kt.'s second
P. at K. B.'s third
White, having to play, won the game.
No. 2.
White. Black.
K. at Q.'s third K. at Q. Kt.'s seventh
P. at K. Kt.'s seventh P. at Q. R.'s seventh
White, playing first, won the game in nine moves.
No. 3.
White. Black.
K. at Q. Kt.'s third K. at Q. Kt.'s second
Kt. at K. R.'s seventh P. at Q. R.'s third
P. at Q. R.'s fifth P. at B.'s sixth
P. at Q. Kt.'s sixth
P. at Q. R.'s seventh
White, having the move, made a drawn game.
154 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
PROBLEM, No. 17.
From Mr. Lewis's unpublished Chess MSS.
White, playing first, checkmates in four moves.
mack.
©Hhtte.
-
160 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
poem, of considerable antiquity, supposed to have been written by Pam-
philius Maurilianus, but which has been falsely attributed to Ovid, the
Queen is called Virgo ; and Mr. Douce has pointed out to us the title of
Regina, applied to this piece in the Gesta Romanorum, compiled at the
beginning of the 13th century.* The names both of Reyne and Ferce
occur in a very curious metrical Anglo-Norman treatise on the Game,
composed by an English author in the time of Edward I.,f and also in
some English illustrations of Chess positions about the reign of Ed
ward IV. I To all this evidence may be added that of the popular
work of Jacobus de Cessolis, a Dominican Friar of Cessoles, near the
frontiers of Picardy,§ who wrote about the year 1290, which was trans
lated into nearly all the languages of Europe. In it the Queen is thus
described, to use the words of Caxton's version, 2nd ed. [1474] :—
" Thus ought the quene be maad. She ought to be a fayr lady, sittyng
in a chayer, and crowned with, a corone on her heed, and cladde with a
cloth of gold, and above furred with ennynes." || It evidently, there
fore, results, from the .above passages, that although the term Fierge,
Fierce, Ferz, or Fers, seems to have been more usually employed than
that of Queen, from the 12th to the 15th century, both in France and
England ; IT yet that the title of Queen was never wholly laid aside, and
was finally resumed in England in the reign of Henry VIII.**
(To be continued in our next Number.)
White.
GAME XLV.
Fine Game in the Match between Mr. M'Donnell and Captain Evans
Mr. M'Donnell giving the Queen's Knight.
White. (Mr. M'D.) Black. (Capt. E.)
1. K. P. two sqr. 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (a) 3. Q. to K. B. third
4. Q. P. two 4. K. B. takes P.
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. to K. Kt. third (6) 6. K. R. P. one
7. Castles 7. Q. P. one sqr.
8. Kt. takes B. 8. Kt. takes Kt.
9. K. B. P. two 9. Q. B. to K. third
Vol. I.—N. 8. M
162 THE HR1TI8H MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. M'D.) Black. (Capt. E.)
10. K. B. to Q. third 10. Castles on Q.'s side
11. P. takes P. 11. Q. takes P.
12. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 12. Q. to Q. B. fourth
13. Q. B. to K. third 13. Q. to K. fourth
14. Q. to K. B. second 14. Kt. to Q. B. third
15. Q. Kt. P. two 15. K. Kt. to K. B. third
16. K. R. P. one 16. K. Kt. takes K. P.
17. B. takes Kt. 17- Q. takes B.
18. Q. Kt. P. one 18. Kt. to K. fourth
19. B. takes Q. R. P. 19. Q. B. to Q. fourth (c)
20. B. to Q. fourth 20. Kt. to K. Kt. third
21. Q. R. to K. sqr. 21. Q. to K. R. fifth
22. Q. to her second 22. K. R. to K. sqr.
23. Q. B. to K. third 23. Q. to K. fifth
24. B. to K. Kt. fifth 24. Q. takes K. Kt. P. (check)
25. Q. takes Q. 25. B. takes Q.
26. B. takes R. 26. R. takes R.
27. R. takes R. 27. B. takes K. R. P.
28. R. to K. eighth (rf) 28. B. to Q. second
29. R. to K. Kt. eighth 29. B. takes Q. Kt. P.
30. B. to K. B. sixth (discov. ch.) 30. K. to Q. second
31. R. takes P. 31. K. to his third
32. B. to Q. Kt. second 32. K. R. P. one
33. R. to K. R. seventh (e) 33. B. to K. seventh
34. K. to B. second 34. B. to K. Kt. fifth
35. K. to Kt. third 35. Q. Kt. P. two
36. R. to K. Kt. seventh 36 Kt. to K. second (/)
37. K. to B. fourth 37. Kt. to Q. fourth (check)
38. K. to Kt. fifth 38. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth
39. R. to adv. K. Kt. sqr. 39. Kt. takes Q. B. P.
40. R. to adv. K. sqr. (check) 40. K. to Q. fourth
41. R. to K. seventh 41. K. B. P. checks
42. B. takes P. 42. Q. B. P. two
43. R. to Q. Kt. seventh 43. Q. Kt. P. one
44. R. to. Q. Kt. sixth 44. Kt. to K. sixth
45. K. to B. fourth 45. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
46. R. to Q. R. sixth 46. B. to K. seventh
47. B. to K. seventh 47. K. to his third
48. B. to K. B. eighth 48. K. R. P. one
49. R- to Q. R. seventh 49. B. to K. B. eighth
50. K. to his fourth 50. B. to K. Kt. seventh (check)
51. K. to Q. third 51. Kt. to K. fourth (check)
52. K. to his second 52. K. R. P. one sqr.
53. K. to B. second 53. Kt. to Q. second
54. B. to K. R. sixth 54. Q. B. P. one
55. B. to Q. second 55. Q. B. P. one
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 163
White. (Mr. M'D.) Black. (Capt. E.)
56. B. to K. third 56. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
57. R. to Q. B. seventh 57. K. to Q. fourth
58. R. to Q. B. eighth 58. K. to Q. B. fifth
59. K. to Kt. sqr. 59. Q. B. P. one
60. K. to R. second 60. K. to Q. sixth
61. B. to K. B. fourth 61. K. to his seventh
62. R. to Q. eighth 62. Kt. to Q. sixth
63. B. to K. Kt. fifth 63. Q. P. one
64. R. to Q. Kt. eighth 64. K. to Q. eighth
65. Q. R. P. two 65. P. takes P. en passant
66. R. to Q. Kt. third 66. Q. B. P. becomes a Queen
67. R. takes Kt. (check) 67. K. to his seventh
68. B. takes Q. 68. K. takes R.
69. B. takes P. 69. Q. P. one sqr., and wins the
game.
GAME XLVI.
Played at Ries's Grand Divan, between the Hon. Secretary of the
London Chess Club and Mr. —, the former giving the odds of " Pawn
and move."—The K. B.'s P. of White must be removed from the board.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. K. P. one (a) 3. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
4. B. to Q. third 4. B. takes B.
M2
164 THE MISCEfcLANY,
Black. (Mr. —.) (Vhile. (Hon. Sec.)
5. Q takes B. 5. K. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. K. Kt. P. one
7. K. Kt. to R. third 7. K. B. to R. third
8. K. B. P. two 8. Q. to K. R. fifth (check)
9. Kt. to K. B. second 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. K. Kt. P. one 10. Q. to R. fourth
11. K. R. P. two 11. Q. to B. fourth
12. K. Kt. P. one 12. Q. to B. second
13. K. Kt. to R. third 13. Castles on Q.'s side
14. B. to K. third 14. Q. Kt. to R. fourth
15. Kt. to Q. second 15. Q. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
16. Kt. takes Kt. 16. P. takes Kt.
17. Q. takes P. 17. Kt. to Q. fourth
18. B. to Q. second 18. K. R. to K. B.
19. Castles on Q.'s side 19. Q. to K. second (4)
20. K. Kt. P. one 20. B. to Kt. second
21. K. R. to K. B. 21. K. to Q. Kt. sqr.
22. K. R. to B. third 22. Q. to Q. second
23. Kt. to K. B. second 23. Kt. to Q. Kt. third
24. Q. to Q. Kt. third 24. Q. to Q. B. third
25. K. R. to Q third 25. Q. to K. Kt. seventh
26. Kt. to K. R. third 26. Kt. to Q. fourth
27. Q. B. P. one 27. Kt. to K. second
28. R. to K. Kt. third 28. Q. to Q. B. third
29. B. to Q. Kt. fourth 29. R. to K. B. second
30. B. takes Kt. 30. R. takes B.
31. K. to Q. Kt. sqr. (c) 31. K. R. to Q. second
32. K. R. to Q. third (d) 32. Q. to K. fifth
33. K. to B. 33. R. takes Q. P.
34. R. takes R 34. R. takes R.
35. R. takes R. 35. Q. takes R.
36. K. to B. second 36. K. to B.
37. Q. to Q. third 37. Q. to Q. B. fourth
38. QL. Kt. P. one (e) 38. B. to K. B. sqr.
39. K. R. P. one 39. Q. to Q. B. third
40. P. takes P. 40. P. takes P.
41. K. to B. third 41. Q. to K. Kt. seventh
42. K. to Q. fourth 42. B. to Q. R. sixth
43. Q. to K. third 43. Q. takes Q. R. P.
44. Kt. to K. B. second 44. Q. Kt. P. one
45. Kt. to K. fourth 45. Q. B. P. two (check)
46. K. to Q. third 46. Q. takes P. (check)
47. K. to K. second 47. Q. takes P. (check)
48. K. to K. B. second (/) 48. Q. to «. fifth
49. Kt. to Q. sixth (check) 49. K. to Kt. sqr.
50. K. B. P. one 50. K. P. takes P.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 165
Black. (Mr. - White. (Hon. Sec.)
51. Q. takes Q. 51. P. takes Q.
52. Kt. takes K. B. P. 52. B. to Q. B. eighth (g)
53. K. P. one 53. K. to Q. B.
54. Kt. takes Q. P. 54. B. takes K. Kt. P.
55. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 55. Q. R. P. two, and wins the
game.
GAME XLVII.
Between the Honorary Secretary and another Member of the London
Chess Club.
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. B. to K. Kt. second
6. K. Kt. P. one 6. P. takes P.
7. K. to Kt. second 7. K. B. takes Q. Kt.
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. Q. to Kt. fifth
9. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 9. K. to B. sqr. (a)
10. K. R. P. one 10. Q. takes K. P.
11. Q. P. takes B. 11. K. takes B.
12. K. R. to K. sqr. 12. Q. to Q. B. third
13. Q. to Q. fourth 13. K. Kt. to B. third
166 THK BRITISH MW KI.LANY,
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
14. Q. B. takes K. Kt. P. 14. R. to K.
15. R. takes R. 15. Kt. takes R.
16. Q. to K. B. fourth (check) 16. Kt. to B. third
17. K. takes P. 17. Q. to Q.'s third
18. Kt. to. K. fifth (check) 18. K. to Kt. second
19. B. to R. sixth (check) 19. K. to Kt. (6)
20. Q. to Kt. fifth (check) 20. K. to R.
21. Q. checkmates.
GAME XLVIII.
Played at Goode's Chess Salon, between Mr. St—n and a Member of
the London Chess Club. The former giving his Queen's Rook.
Black. (Mr. St—n.) White. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. to K. second 3. Q. to K. second
4. Q. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. B. P. one
5. K. B. P. two 5. Q. Kt. P. two (a)
6. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 6. Q. R. P. two
7. Q. R. P. two 7. Q. Kt. P. one
8. Q. Kt. to Q. sqr. 8. K. B. takes K. Kt.
9. R. takes B. 9- K. Kt. to B. third
10. Q. P. one 10. Q. P. two
11. K. B. P. one 11. P. takes P.
12. P. takes P. 12. Q. B. to R. third
13. Q. to K. B. third 13. Q. Kt. to Q. second
14. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 14. Q. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
15. K. B. to Q. R. second 15. Castles on K.'s side (6)
16. Kt. to K. B. second 16. Q. R. to Q.
17. K. Kt. P. two 17. Q. to Q. third
18. Q. to K. third 18. Kt. takes Q. R. P. (c)
19. Q. B. takes K. Kt. 19. Q. takes Q. B.
20. K. Kt. P. one 20. Q. to Q. third
21. K. Kt. P. one 21. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P. (d)
AND CHESS PLAYER S CHRONICLE. 167
Black. (Mr. St—n.) White. (Mr. 0
22. Q. to K. Kt. fifth 22. Q. to K. B third
23. Q. to K. R. fifth (e) 23. K. R. P. one
24. K. Kt. P. takes K. B. P. 24. K. to R. second
(check) (/)
25. R. to Kt. sixth 25. Q. to K. second
AND THE FIRST PLAYER CHECKMATES IN THREE MOVES.
GAME XLIX.
Between the same Competitors ; the first Player giving his Queen's Rook.
White. (Mr. St—n.) Black. (Mr. — .)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Q. P. two (a) 5. P. takes Kt. (b)
6. Q. takes P. 6. K. B. to K. R. third (c)
7. Castles 7. Q. P. two
8. B. takes Q. P. 8. Q. B. P. one
9. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 9. K. takes B.
10. Q. B. takes P. 10. K. B. takes B.
11. Q. takes B. (check) 11. K. Kt. to B. third
12. K. P. one 12. Q. Kt. to Q. second
13. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 13. K. R. to K.
14. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 14. K. to Kt.
168 THE BRITISH MISCKLLANY,
White. (Mr. St—n.) Black. (Mr. —.)
15. P. takes kt. 15. K. to R.
16. K. B. P. one (d) 16. R. to K. B.
17. Q. to K. R. sixth 17. Q. to K. second
18. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 18. Kt. to K. B. third
19. K. R. P. one (e) 19. Q. B. to Q. second
20. R. takes Kt. 20. Q. to K. eighth (check)
21. K. to R. second
AND BLACK BESIGNS.
GAME L.
In the Match between M. De la Boukdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 9th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. K. B. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. Q. B. P. two
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. B. P. one 5. K. B- P. one
AND CHKS8 player's chronicle. 169
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
6. Q. Kt. to R. third 6. K. Kt. to R. third
7. Q. Kt. to Q. B. second 7. K. Kt. to B. second
8. Q. P. two 8. Q. to Q. Kt. third
9. Q. Kt. to K. third 9. Q. B. P. takes P.
10. a B. P. takes P. 10. B. checks
11. K. to B. second 11. K. B. P. takes P.
12. K. B. P. takes P. 12. Castles
13. K. to Kt. third 13. Q. to Q. B. second
14. K. R. P. two 14. K. Kt. takes K. P. (a)
15. P. takes Kt. 15. Q. Kt. takes P.
16. K. to R. third 16. Kt. takes Kt.
17. P. takes Kt. 17. Q. P. one
18. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth 18. K. R. P. two
19. Kt. to K. B. second 19. Q. to K. fourth
20. K. B. to Q. third 20. K. B. to Q. third
21. Kt. to K. fourth 21. K. B. to Q. B. second
22. K. to Kt. second 22. Q. B. to Q. second
23. K. B. P. one 23. Q. to K. B. fourth
24. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 24. Q. B. to B. third (check)
25. K. to Kt. 25. Q. to K. Kt. fifth (check)
26. Q. takes Q. 26. P. takes Q.
27. K. R. to R. second 27. Q. B. to Q. fourth
28. K. R. P. one (4) 28. K. R. takes K. B. P.
29. Q. B. takes R. 29. K. B. takes B.
30. Kt. to K. fourth 30. K. B. to K. sixth (check) (c)
31. K. to Kt. second 31. Q. R. to K. B.
32. Q. R. to K. B. 32. R. to K. B. fourth
33. K. R. to R. (d) 33. R. to K. fourth
34. K. to Kt. third 34. B. takes Kt.
35. B. takes B. 35. R. takes B.
36. K. R. to R. fourth 36. K. P. one
37. K. R. takes P. 37. B. to K. B. fifth (check)
38. K. to B. third 38. R. to K. sixth (check)
39. K. to B. second 39. Q. P- one
40. Q. R. to K. Kt. 40. R. to K. seventh (check)
41. K. to B. third 41. K. B. to K. R. third
42. R. to K. fourth 42. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
43. K. R. takes K. P. 43. R. takes Q. R. P.
44. K. to Kt. fourth 44. Q. P. one
45. R. to Q. fifth 45. R. to Q. B. seventh
46. R. to K. Kt. third 46. Q. Kt. P. two
47. Q. R. to Q. third 47. R. to Q. B. eighth
48. K. to K. B. fifth 48. K. to R. second
49. R- takes Q. P. 49. B. takes R.
50. R. takes B. 50. Q. R. P. two
and Mr. 'DoNNELL'RESIGNED.
170 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Notes to Game L.
(a) Skilfully played ; obtaining, by this sacrifice, an almost irresistible
attack.
(4) " K. R. to K. B. second " would perhaps have been better.
(c) Few players would have foregone the immediate advantage obtain
able in the exchange of Bishop for Rook.
(rf) Had Mr. M'Donnell, at this crisis, played K.'s Rook to R.'s fourth,
we conceive he must have won the game.
Parts of this game are very finely played by M. de la Bourdonnais ;
but he appears to us to have risked so much, that ordinary care, on the
part of his opponent, must have secured a different result.
SOLUTIONS
i ..,.13,
I mkwm *
mm m
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" L. M., Kensington."—The Problem, No. 14, is much more
difficult of solution than " L. M." imagines. Suppose, as he suggests,
that White first takes R.'s P. with P., Black then takes the K.'s P. with
his B., and, upon White advancing his P. to K. R.'s eighth square and
making a Q., plays Kt. to Q.'s fifth. If White then moves any of his
Pawns, Black checks with the Kt. at Q. B.'s seventh ; and, when White
takes Kt. with B., plays B. to Q.'s fifth, checking and drawing the game,
for White is mated if he does not capture the B. with Q. ; and, if he
does so take her, Black's K. is in the situation of " stalemate."
" R. A. B."—The inventor of the clever Problem on the wrapper is
the Rev. H. Bolton.
" C. B. N., Norwich."—A private communication has been forwarded.
" C. F. Carlow."—The letter and contents inquired for, never
reached the publisher's.
" R. P. L.'s " valedictory epistle received with thanks.
" D. N., Canterbury."—The error in our 38th Game was mentioned
in the last Number. At the 14th move of White, instead of " Q. to K.
second," read " Q. to Q. second."
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 160.)
III.—The Bishops. Five of these are represented sitting in orna
mented chairs, like the King and Queen ; hut the remaining eight are in
a standing posture. Their dress is of two descriptions. All of the sitting
figures, and four of the standing ones, wear the chasuble, dalmatic, stole,
and tunic, of the form anciently prescribed, and corresponding with re
presentations of much greater antiquity. The remainder have a cope
instead of a chasuble, but omit the stole and dalmatic. On the back
both of the chasuble and stole are various crosses or ornaments. The
mitres are very low, and in some instances quite plain; but have the
double band or infutae attached behind. The hair is cut short round
the head. They hold a crozier with one or with both hands ; and, in
the former instances, the other hand holds a book, or is raised in the
attitude of benediction.
Here again, as in the preceding instance of the Queen, we learn with
certainty the introduction of the Bishop into the game of Chess at so
early a period as the middle of the twelfth century. The original name
of this piece among the Persians and Arabs was Pil, or Thil, an Elephant,
under the form of which it was represented by the Orientals ; and
Dr. Hyde and Mr. Douce have satisfactorily proved that hence, with
the addition of the article al, have been derived the various names of
alfil, arfil, alferez, alphilus, alfino, alfiere, aufin, alfyn, awfyn, alphyn, as
used by the early Spanish, Italian, French, and English writers.*
Aben-Ezra, in the twelfth century, retains the original term of Phil, but
in the Roman d'Alexandre, composed before the year 1200, we find it
in the form of Aufin, and from the French Romances it was borrowed by
the English. With regard to the period when the Bishop first took the
place of the Elephant, authors are silent, nor has any evidence occurred
to determine. But that such a change is of great antiquity, not only is
apparent from the figures before us, but from the Latin poem before
quoted of the twelfth century, in which the piece is termed Calvus, an
evident allusion to the monkish character.
" Juxta illam (Reginam) Calvum pone, quasi pro custodia."
* Hyde, p. 95 ; Douce, in Archseologia, xi. pp. 400—404 ; Allen, in New Monthly
Mag. p. 128, vol. v. 1822.
174 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
And again :
" Cedit Caltus per transversum, tertiam ad tabulam."
So also in the poem attributed to Pamphilius Maurilianus :
" Rex est Sol, pedes est Saturnus, Mars quoque Miles,
Regia virgo Venus, Alphinus Episcopus ipse est
Juppiter, et Roccus discurrens Luna." *
And in the Moralitas de Scaccario, we read, " Alphini sunt Episcopi
non ut Moyses, ex colloquio divino, sed pocius regio imperio, prece, vel
precio sublimata, et sic promoti. Isti Alphini oblique currunt, et tres
punctos pertranseunt," &c.—MS. Harl. 2253, f. 1 35, b. A later copy in
MS. Reg. 12, E. xxi., has this remarkable variation. "Alphini prelati sunt
ecclesiis proprii, scilicet archiepiscopi et episcopi cornuti."
In the old French writers we meet also with decided traces of such
a piece as the Bishop. Thus in the Roman d'Alexandre, as quoted by
Charpentier, in his additions to Du Cange :
" Roy, fierce, cheualier, auffin, roc, et corm." f
And in the MS. Treatise on Chess, in the Cottonian Library, Cleop.
E. ix. f. 4, b :
" Al neofisme vient auaunt li Cornuz,
Si li mostre ses corns aguz :
Si compainz comenca la medlee,
I cist Cornu corne la menee."
" At the ninth move (the King) comes before the Cornute,
Who shows to him his pointed horns :
His companion began the contest,
And this Cornute finishes it."
And again, f. 7 :
" Ore uient le giu des Alfins,
Ke n'est pas poure ne srarius.
Tut seit iceo qu'il seit cornuz
Ne deit estre pur fol tenuz ;
Kar mult par ad grant mestir
Li aufins en Peschekier."
* Vide Fabric. Bibl. Med. et Inf. Lat. v. 556. The poem was printed by Goldas-
tus, in 8vo. 1610, with other pieces ; but as the volume is not in the Museum, I am
obliged to quote from second hand.
t There is some difficulty here, and it would read better thus :—" Roc et auffin
cornu." These lines do not occur in the magnificent copy of this Romance preserved
in the Bodleian Library, No. 264, but are replaced by the following :—
" Li eschec de saphirs, le roi Assueru,
Et de riches topasses, a toute lor vertu,
Pigmalyun les fist, li fiex (fils) Candeolu."
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 175
" Now comes the game of the Alfins,
Which is neither poor nor ?
Every body knows that he is a Cornute,
And ought not to be taken for a Fool,
For the Alfin on the Chess-board
Possesses very great power."
The allusion is here made to the cornuted or forked heads of the mitred
Chess-man, which served as an epitome of the Bishop, and this form has
been retained down to the present day.* Mr. Douce believed that the
earliest instance of the use of the term Bishop, in English writers, oc
curred so late as the time of Charles the First, in Arthur Saul's "Famous
Game of Chesse Play." f But it was certainly used as the usual form
in England in the time of Elizabeth, as appears from Rowbotham's
"Pleasaunt and wittie Playe of the Cheasts renewed," 12mo. Lond.
1562. X He says of it, " The Bishoppes some name Alphins, some fooles,
and some name them Princes; others call them Archers, and thei are
fashioned according to the wyll of the workman ;" and again, Of the
Bishop or Archer, " In the auncient tyme, the Frenchman named him
Foole, whiche seemeth unto me an improper name. The Spaniardes
named him Prince, with some reason, and some name him Archer ;" and
of its form among the English, he tells us, " The Bishoppe is made with a
sharpe toppe and cloven in the middest, not muche unlyke to a bishops
myter." And in a MS. belonging to John Gage, Esq., of the time of
James the First, is the following passage, apparently taken from an
earlier writer : " In prima acie collocatur peditatus ; his proximus est
equitatus. Hos vero sequuntur Satellites, qui a forma mitrae episcopalis
Episcopi nominantur."
Among the northern nations we find, that the Russians and Swedes
retain the original appellation of Elephant, (but Weickmann, in his work
Die gross Schach Spiel, fol. 1664, terms it Gaistlicher, i. e. homo spi-
ritualis ;) the Germans call it Lauffer, the Leaper, from the ancient mode
of taking over an intervening piece ; and the Poles, Pop, Papa, or Priest.
But it is particularly deserving of remark, that among the Icelanders
and Danes this piece, from the most ancient times, has always been
* This history of this piece is rendered still more singular from its having under
gone two other transformations, a brief account of which is here annexed.
I.—In the set of Chess-men which belonged to Charlemagne, the form is said to
be that of an Archer ready to shoot. This term of Archer is adopted by Rabelais,
in 1550. We meet with it also in the Duke of Lunenburg's work, folio, Lips. 1617,
c. 8, where an engraving is given respecting a Schiitze, or Archer. It has occurred
above in Rowbotham ; and in Beale's translation of Biochimo, published in 1656, he
writes, p. 2, " Next to the King's other side place a Bishop or Archer, who is com
monly figured with his head cloven." Vida in his poem (composed in 1540,) combines
the Archer with the Centaur, and terms these pieces " Sagittifen Centauri."
The French at an early period corrupted the oriental term Phil or Fit into Fol,
and hence represented this piece under the form of a Jester or Court Fool, which
designation is still retained in France, in preference to that of pretre. The term oc
curs in the Roman d'Alexandre, and in the Roman de la Rose, (in both of which it is
also termed au/ra,) Archeologia, xi. p. 401 ; and is alluded to in the Anglo-Norman
poem quoted above. So also in the Latin poem of the thirteenth century, printed
inaccurately by Hyde :—
" Rex et Regina, Stolidorum corpora bina.—
Stultus Saltator trivius [al. trinus] quasi fur speculator
Si rubus in primo, nunquam candebit in imo."
In the early copy, in the Coll. of Arms, a gloss is added above, li Aufins; and it is
rather singular to trace, in this one line, the Fon of the French, the L'duffer of the
Germans, and the Aufin of the French, Italians, and English.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 177
GAME LI.
Concluding Game in the Match between Mr. M'Donnell and Captain
Evans ; Mr. M'Donnell giving the King's Knight.
White. (Mr. M'D.) Black. (Capt. E.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two*
2. K. B. to K. second 2. K. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. one 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Castles 4. Castles
5. K. to R. sqr. 5. Q. P. one
6. K. B. P. two 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. Q. B. P. one 7. Q. to K. second
8. K. B. P. one 8. Q. B. to Q. second
9. K. Kt. P. two 9. K. to R. sqr.
Vol. I.—N. R.
178 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. M'D.) Black. (Capt. E.)
10. K. Kt. P. one 10. K. Kt. to its sqr.
11. K. R. P. two 11. K. B. P. one
12. Q. to K. sqr. 12. Q. Kt. to Q. sqr.
13. Q. to K. Kt. third 13. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
14. Q. Kt. P. two 14. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P. (a)
15. Q. R. P. one (6) 15. U. Kt. to B. third
16. Q. R. to its second 16. Q. to K. B. second
17. Q. R. to Q. Kt. second 17. Q. to K. second
18. K. B. to Q. sqr. (c) 18. Q. R. P. one
19. Q. R. to K. Kt. second 19. Q. Kt. P. two
20. Q. Kt. to Q. second 20. Q. R. to Q. sqr.
21. Kt. to K. B. third 21. U. H. to its sqr.
22. K. Kt. P. one 22. K. R. P. one
23. Kt. to K. R. second (d) 23. Q. Kt. to Q. R. fourth
24. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth 24. Q. R. to Q. second
25. Q. P. one 25. P. takes P.
26. K. R. to K. Kt. sqr. 26. P. takes P.
27. Kt. takes K. R. P. 27. P. takes Kt.
28. P. checks 28. Q. takes P.
29. Q. takes P. at Q. B. third 29. Q. to K. second
30. K. R. to K. sqr. 30. Q. B. to Kt. second
31. Q. takes Kt. 31. R. to K. B. second
32. R. to K. Kt. fourth 32. R. to K. Kt. second
33. R. to K. B. fourth 33. Q. P. one
34. B. to K. B. third 34. P. takes P.
35. K. B. takes P. 35. Q. Kt. P. one
36. Ql. to Q. R. fourth 36. R. to Q. sixth
37- K. to R. second 37. B. takes B.
38. R. takes B. 38. Q. takes R.
39. R. takes Q. 39- B. to K. Kt. eighth (check)
40. K. to R. sqr. 40. Q. R. checkmates (/).
Notes to Game LI.
(a) Well played.
(6) Had the first player taken the Knight, his adversary, hy playing
K.'s B. to Q.'s fifth, would have gained a piece in return for the lost
Knight.
(c) To have taken the G. Kt.'s P. with the Rook would have been ill
play, because Black would have imprisoned it immediately by retiring
his B. to Q. Kt.'s third.
(<J) Instead of this move, we believe White should have played K. B.
to Q. Kt.'s third, with the view either to take the K. Kt. or to post the
Bishop on his seventh square.
(e) A good move ; depriving the Rook of the Queen's protection, and
thus preventing the meditated capture of the Bishop.
(./) The terminating moves are ingeniously played by Captain Evans.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
GAME LII.
Played by two of the best Players in the Chess Club at Bristol.
White. (Mr. W.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. Kt. to B. third 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. P. one 5. Q. P. one
6. K. R. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Q. Kt. to K. second 7. B. to K. third
8. B. takes B. 8. P. takes B.
9. Kt. to K. Kt. third 9. Castles
10. Castles 10. Q. to K.
U.K. Kt. to R. fourth 11. K. Kt. P. two
12. Kt. to B. third 12. K. Kt. to R. fourth
13. K. to R. second 13. Kt. takes Kt. (a)
14. P. takes Kt. 14. Q. to K. Kt. third
15. Q. to K. second 15. Kt. to Q. fifth (6)
16. Kt. takes Kt. 16. R. takes R.
17. Q. takes R. 17. B. takes Kt
18. Q. B. P. one 18. R. to K. B.
19. Q. to her sqr. 19. B. to Q. Kt. third
20. Q. R. P. two 20. Q. R. P. two
21. Q. Kt. P. two 21. Q. P. one
22. P. takes Q. P. 22. K. P. takes P.
23. R. P. takes P. 23. B. takes P.
24. B. to R. third 24. R. to B. seventh
25. Q. to Kt. third 25. Q. to Q. B. third (c)
26. R. to K. 26. K. to R.
27. R. takes P. 27. Q. P. one
28. R. to Q. fifth 28. K. to Kt. second
29. P. takes P. 29. B. to Q. B. sixth
30. Q. to Kt. fifth 30. R. to Q. R. seventh
31. R. checks 31. K. to B. third
32. B. to K. seventh (check) 32. K. to Kt. third
33. Q. P. one 33. Q. takes Q.
34. Q. R. P. takes Q. 34. B. to K. fourth
35. P. to Q. sixth 35. B. takes P.
36. B. takes B. 36. P. takes B.
37. R. takes P. (check) 37. K. to B. fourth (d)
38. R. to Q. Kt. sixth 38. K. to K. fourth
39. R. takes Q. Kt. P. 39. R. to R. sixth
40. Q. Kt. P. one 40. K. to Q. third
41. R. to Q. Kt. eighth 41. R. to Q. Kt. sixth
42. Q. Kt. P. one 42. K. to B. second
43. R. to K. R. eighth, winning
the game. N2
180 THE BIUTISn MISCELLANY,
Notes to Game LII.
(a) We should have much preferred playing this Knight to K. B.'s fifth.
(6) K. R. to B.'s third would have been better play.
(c) Instead of this move, Black might have taken Q.'s P. with Q. ;
and if his opponent had played R. to Q., Black could then have drawn
the game by taking K. Kt.'s P. with Rook.
(d) The young player will see, that if he had moved his King to R.'s
fourth, White could have mated him in two moves.
GAME LIII.
Well contested Game between Messrs. P. and G. P., two of the finest
Players in the London Chess Club.
White. (Mr. G. P.) Black. (Mr. P.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. B. to K. Kt. second
7. Q. to Q. Kt. third 7. Q. to R. fourth
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. K. R. P. one
9. K. P. one 9. P. takes P.
10. K. Kt. takes K. P. 10. B. takes Kt.
11. Q, P. takes B. 11. K. Kt. to K. second
12. Kt. to Q. second 12. Kt. to K. B. fourth
13. Kt. to K. fourth 13. Kt. to Kt. sixth (check)
14. Kt. takes Kt. 14. K. B. P. takes Kt.
15. K. to Kt.'s sqr. 15. P. takes K. R. P. (check)
16. R. takes P. 16. Q. to Kt. third
17. Q. B. to K. third 17. Kt. to Q. B. third
18. B. to Q. fourth 18. Castles
19. Q. R. to K. B. 19. B. to K. third
20. Q. R. to K. B. sixth 20. Q. to Q. Kt. eighth (check)
21. K. to B. second 21. B. takes B.
22. Q. takes B. 22. Q. to Q. B. seventh (check)
23. K. to Kt. third 23. Kt. takes B.
24. Q. takes Kt. 24. Q. R. to Q.
25. Q. to K. Kt. fourth 25. Q. R. to Q. sixth (check)
26. R. interposes 26. K. to Kt. second
27- K. R. to R. fifth 27. K. B. P. one
28. Q. to Q. Kt. fourth 28. R. takes R. (check)
29. P. takes R. 29. Q. to K. Kt. third
30. R. to K. R. sqr. 30. K. B. P. takes K. P.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 181
White. (Mr. G. P.) Black. (Mr. P.)
31. Q. to K. seventh icheck) 31. R. interposes
32. Q. takes K. P. (check) 32. Q. to K. B. third
33. R. to K. sqr. 33. K. to Kt. third
34. Q. to K. fourth (check) 34. K. to Kt. second
35. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 35. Q. to K. B. fifth (check)
36. K. to B. second 36. K. Kt. P. one
37. Q. to K. fourth 37. Q. takes P. (check) (a)
38. Q. takes Q. 38. R. takes Q. (check)
39. K. to Kt. second 39. K. to Kt. third
40. R. to K. seventh 40. R. to B. second
41. R. to K. fifth 41. R. to Q. second
42. K. to Kt. third 42. K. R. P. one
43. K. to R. fourth 43. R. to Q. seventh
44. R. to K. Kt. fifth (check) 44. K. to B. third
AND, AFTER SEVERAL MOVES, THE GAME WAS DECLARED DRAWN.
GAME LIV.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 10th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. Q. P. two .1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. P. one 3. K. P. two
4. P. takes P. 4. Q. takes Q. (check)
5. K. takes Q. 5. Q. Kt. to B. third
6. K. B. P. two 6. Q. B. to K. third
7. Q. B. to Q. second 7. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. K. R. P. one
9. Q. Kt. to B. third 9. Q. R. to a
10. K. to his sqr. 10. K. Kt. to K. second
11. Q. R. to Q. B. 11. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
12. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 12. B. takes B. (check)
13. Kt. takes B. 13. R. to Q. second
14. B. takes P. 14. B. takes B.
15. R. takes B. 15. Castles
16. K. Kt. to B. third 16. K. R. to Q. sqr.
17. K. to K. second 17- Kt. to Q. fourth
182 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
18. Q. Kt. to Q. fourth 18. Kt. takes Kt. (check) (a)
19. R. takes Kt. (6) 19. Q. B. P. two
20. R. to Q. second 20. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth
21. Q. R. P. one 21. R. takes R. (c)
22. Kt. takes R. 22. Kt. to Q. B. third
23. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 23. Q. Kt. P. one
24. R. to Q. 24. R. takes R
25. K. takes R. 25. K. to B.
26. K. to K. second 26. K. to K. second
27. K. to Q. third 27. K. to K. third
28. K. to K. fourth 28. K. Kt. to K. second
29. K. Kt. P. two 29. K. Kt. P. one
30. Q. R. P. one 30. K. B. P. two (check)
31. P. takes P. en passant 31. K. takes P.
32. Kt. to K. fifth 32. K. to K. third
33. Kt. takes K. Kt. P. 33. Kt. to Q. B. {d)
34. P. checks 34. K. to Q. third
35. K. R. P. two 35. K. to Q. B. second
36. K. to K. fifth 36. Kt. to Q. third
37. K. B. P. one 37. Q. R. P. one
38. K. to K. sixth 38. Q. Kt. P. one
39. P. takes P. 39. P. takes P.
40. K. B. P. one 40. Kt. takes P.
41. K. takes Kt. 41. K. to Q. third
42. Kt. to K. B. fourth 42. Q. B. P. one
43. K. Kt. P. one 43. P. takes P.
44. P. takes P. 44. Q. Kt. P. one
45. Kt. to K. second, and Mr.
M'Donnell resigned.
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 9.
White. Black.
1. K. to Q. B.'s fourth 1. Q.'s Kt.'s P. one sqr. (check)
2. K. to Q.'s B.'s third 2. P. advances, checking
3. K. to Q. B.'s fourth 3. P. one sqr.
4. Q. R.'s P. takes P. (checkmate.)
No. 10.
White. Black.
1. Kt. from Kt.'s third to R.'s fifth 1. K. to R.'s third
(check)
2. Kt. from K.'s fifth to B.'s 2. K. to Kt.'s third
seventh (check)
184 THK BRITISH MISCliLLANY,
While. Black.
3. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 3. K. takes Kt.
4. Q. to K.'s R.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to Kt.'s fifth
5. Q. to R.'s third (check) 5. K. to B.'s fifth
6. Q. to K. B.'s third (checkmate.)
White.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
"W. H., Richmond."—Received a syllabus of two lectures on the
" Origin, History and Varieties of the Game of Chess," delivered in May
and June last, at the Richmond Literary and Scientific Insti
tution ; also a specimen of an English translation of the Abbe
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 185
Cerutti's Poem on Chess. For the latter we shall probably hereafter find
a corner in our " Chronicle," unless, as we hope, our correspondent
should favour us with a complete version of the original, which he may
see in the library of the British Museum.
"A Young Chess Player, Bristol."—The solution suggested of
Problem, No. 14, is the correct one, and is very creditable to the sagacity
of our correspondent.
" W. R., Glasgow Chess Club."—W. R.'s solution of Problem,
No. 15, is the only correct one which has hitherto reached us. As he
observes, this stratagem is exceedingly ingenious, and affords capital
exercise for rising players. Respecting the Problem, No. 14, we must
refer him to our remarks in reply to L. M. in the last Number, by which
he will find that he has not yet hit upon the modus operandi.
" G. S., Chesterfield."—We know nothing of the portrait alluded
to. A correspondent informs us that there were two portraits of Philidor,
one by Gainsborough, and the other by Zoffany : the former, we under
stand, is in the possession of a Mr. Holford.
" L. F."—Is correctly informed. M. St. Amant, the distinguished
French Chess-player, has recently arrived in London ; his visit, however,
is one of business only, and it is feared that will prevent his affording our
leading players " a taste of his quality."
"Tipperwit, of Tottenham."—The solution of the Critical Posi
tion, No. 3, shall be given in our next.
" M. P., Paterson's Hotel, Brook Street."— The match by
correspondence, between the Rev. H. Bolton and Mr. St—n, is not
concluded. We never heard of the Chess Institution mentioned, but
shall have much pleasure in rendering it every assistance our opportu
nities will permit.
" D. M.,Ross."—" Which is the strongest Chess Club out of London?"
In numbers, we believe the Liverpool. If, however, D. M. means which
Club possesses the greatest number of good players, we should name the
Bristol, in which are three players, each of whom is as strong as any
provincial player in England.
LECTURES ON CHESS.
On Wednesday evening the third of the proposed course was given in
the Market-house Rooms, to a very respectable audience, amongst whom
we were glad to see the fair sex so numerous, and are sure, since they
appear to sanction this fascinating and improving amusement, that it will
soon find its way through all ranks of society. The subject of the Lec
ture was, " Sketches of the Biography, Adventures and Anecdotes, of
eminent Authors and Chess-players." We regret that we have not space
186 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
to detail more at length the adventures, &c, of Chess Knights-errant,
which were related, particularly the romantic incidents attending Paolo
Boi, during his campaigns under Philip II. of Spain, in which he had the
misfortune to be taken prisoner by the Moors of Africa, and sold to
slavery. Like the music of Orpheus, his skill at Chess not only tamed
the savages, but the lessons he gave them was considered sufficient for
his redemption. A brief relation of Chess, as played in the " Cafe de la
Regence," was then given, in which the late lamented Chess King, De la
Bourdonnais, was chief hero.
The evening's amusement concluded with illustrations, on a large
Chess-board, of the King's and Queen's Gambits, the King's Rook's
Pawn's Gambit, and several similar openings : the different modes of
attack shown —the best means of defence in these openings brought for
ward, and the entire played over several times, so as to give much satis
faction to the audience.
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OP THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 176.)
There is but little to remark on the history of the Chess-Knight, since
its name and move have always remained pretty much the same.* On
the Chess-boards of the 13th century it appears of a form which is a
rude representation of the head of a horse, intended as an epitome of the
whole figure, in the same manner as the mitre represented the Bishop.
In Caxton a very similar, but clumsier, form is given : hence the name of
Horse bestowed on this piece by the Russians, Swedes, and some other
nations : hence, also, the peculiar form often given to the modern Knight,
which is as early as the time of Queen Elizabeth, or earlier, since Row-
botham speaks of the Knight as having " his top cut asloope, as though
beynge dubbed Knight."f Among Charlemagne's Chess-men, if Dr.
Hyde is to be depended on, it is represented under the form of a
Centaur.
* It is called, by the modern Germans, Springer, by the Swedes Lopare, from the
nature of its move.
t 12mo. Lond. 1562, Cf. Archfeologia, xi. p. 405. In Jacob Mennel's Treatise,
1507, the Knight has two forms, more or less varying from the prototype.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 187
V.—The Warders. These are armed warriors, (Hrdkr in Icelandic,)
which here take the place of the Rook or Castle. They are represented
in a standing attitude, attired in helmets of various shapes, but chiefly
conical, with or without flaps, and wanting the nasal. The coat or gam-
beson, which most of them wear, descends to the feet ; but in lieu of this,
others have a coat of mail, with a hood, which covers the head. They
all hold a shield in one hand and a sword in the other ; but the position
is varied, either in front or at the side : the shields all bear distinctive
marks, like those of the Knights, but some of them are of a much
broader shape, and less elongated. *
Mr. Douce's curious collections on the name and form* of this piece,
scarcely leave me any thing to add ; but, in regard to its shape, I am en
abled to point out earlier instances than Caxton's translation of Jacobus
de Cessolis, referred to in Mr. Douce's Dissertation. The most ancient
form, after the Game arrived in Europe, is very uncertain, but seems to
have been that of an Elephant, as shown by the set of Chess-men
belonging to Charlemagne ; and this form, with or without a tower on
the back, has been retained by the modern Germans, Russians, and
Danes, f The Spaniards, Italians, French, and English, in more recent
times, adopted a Tower or Castle as an epitome of the figure (in the same
manner as they took a horse's head for the Knight) ; and hence arises
the strange anomaly of a Castle representing the swiftest piece on the
Chess-board. But the earliest form offered to us in MSS. occurs in the
Anglo-Norman poem already quoted, of the 13th century,! and in the
MS. of the Minnesingers, of nearly the same age.§ From the repre
sentation of the Turkish Chess-men in Dr. Hyde's work, p. 133, it
clearly appears that this form was first given to the Rook by the Arabs,
who, as followers of Mahommed, rejected the figures allowed in the Per
sian Game ; || and from this circumstance it may probably lay claim, on
the European Chess-board, to equal antiquity with that of the Elephant.
In the Latin poem of the 12th century, so often referred to, we meet
with the epithet of " Bifrons Rochus," which manifestly refers to the
bi-parted head shown in the MSS. alluded to. The same shape is pre
served on the ancient seals of those families, both in England and Ger
many, who bear Chess-rooks for their arms. One instance of this I have
* Another impression of this seal, but broken, I find among the Harleian collection
of Charters, in the British Museum, 49 D. 37, attached to a deed, dated 1 Hen. V.
On the same label is the seal of William Rokwode, bearing also six Chess-rooks, but
with an annulet of difference.
t In Mennel's Treatise, 1507, the Rach, or Rook, is figured with four round or sharp
corners, something in the shape of a flower , but these are only fanciful corruptions of
the original form.
t Published at Paris, 12mo. 1663. " La difference qu'il y a deleurs pieces aux
n6tres, est, que nos Fous sont des Evesques parmy eux, et qu'ils tiennent que les
Ecclesiastiqires doivent eslre pres de la personne des Rois. Leurs Rocs sont de petits
Capitanes, que les escoliers Islandois que sont icy apelent Centurions. lis sont re
presents, l'espee au cost*;, les joues enfles, et sonnant du cor, qu'ils tienent des deux
mains." p. 56.
§ Hrokr, vir fortis et grandis ; en stor og stark mand. Longurio, latrunculorum
satelles, Brikke i Shakspil. Haldorson. " Hrokr, gloriosus, thraso. In ludo latrun
and chess plater's chronicle. 189
present the original Eastern term given to this piece. What, then, is this
term ? Are we, with Sir William Jones, to go to the Hindu Roth', an
armed chariot ; or with Hyde, to the Persian Ruch, a dromedary ; or with
others, to the Oriental name of the fabulous bird called Ruch, which
makes a figure in the Tales of the Arabian Nights ? My own conviction
is, that all these derivations are false or doubtful ; and that for the real
meaning of the word we must look to the ancient Persian Rokh, which,
according to D'Herbelot, signifies a hero, or military adventurer. *
Should this be correct, we must conclude that the Icelanders alone, of
all the European nations, have preserved the genuine and original form
of this piece, the antiquity of which, from the figures before us, will not
admit of a doubt. Whether any trace of the same form is to be detected
in the Cyclopean heroes of Vida, is left to the judgment of others. Hia
lines are :—
" Extremis bini, referant qui vasta Cyclopum
Corpora, considunt in sulcis, agmina utrinque
Claudentes sua quisque, altis proque arcibus astant."f
But in the MS. already cited, in the possession of Mr. Gage, is a sin
gular passage, which would seem to indicate similar figures to those men
tioned by La Peyrere. The words are : " At the ends of the board stand
the Centurions, which in English are called Rooks. These are soldiers of
the reserved guard, and depended on as the bravest defenders of the
royal personage. Should the King be attacked, they immediately advance
to meet the danger, and inclose the monarch, as it were, within a citadel.
They are placed, moreover, in the wings of the army, that they may guard,
least the enemy should fall upon the King in his rear." X
VI.—The Pawns. These are of various shapes and sizes, but chiefly
octagonal. Two of them are ornamented, but the rest plain.
Having thus described in detail the whole of these curious figures, so
as to afford as complete a notion of them as can be learnt by aught
short of ocular examination ; and having hitherto considered them in
culorum Shdk vulgo dicto, miles hrokr appellator, elatus quippe superbusque."—Index
to the Orkneyinga Saga.
* " Rokh. Ce mot signifie, dans la langue desanciens Persans, un vail]ant bomme, qui
cherche des avantures de guerre, un heros, et ce qu'on appelloit autrefois dans nos
romans, un preux, et un chevalier errant. C'est d'ou vient le nom de Roch, dans les
Echecs, dont le jeu est venu de Perse jusques a nous."—Bibl. Orient, tom. iii. p. 129,
ed. 4to. La Haye, 1778. He then proceeds to cite some passages, in explaining which
Dr. Hyde has made a great mistake. Cf. Shahilud. p. 120, 123.
t M8.Harl.6518,f.3.
X " In extremo agmine sunt Centuriones, Anglice Rookes. Sunt enim hii quasi
milites triarii, fortissimaque Regis propugnacula. Si quando Rex periclitatur, locum
mutant, seque periculo opponunt, Regem vero quasi in arce includunt. Collocantur
enim in cornu exercitus, seu in extrema ala, ut prospiciant ne hostis a tergo Regem
adoriatur." The Rook is also termed a Duke by Arthur Saul, in 1614.
190 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
connexion with the early history of the game of Chess in Europe, I
shall now proceed to develope the result of my inquiries in respect to
the place where, and the period when, these Chess-men were, in all pro
bability, manufactured. I shall draw my inferences from three separate
subjects of consideration ;—the material of which they are made, the
costume in which they appear, and the historical passages to be found
in the ancient writings of Scandinavia ;—and from each I shall endea
vour to prove, that these pieces were executed about the middle of the
twelfth century, by the same extraordinary race of people, who at an
earlier period of time, under the general name of Northmen, overran the
greater part of Europe, and whose language and manners are still pre
served among their genuine descendants in Iceland. And first, with
regard to their material, it is assumed on evidence almost amounting to
mathematical demonstration, that they are formed out of the tusks of
the animal called in Icelandic Rostungr or Rosmar, and in other parts
of Europe by the names of Morse, Walrus, or Sea-horse.* These
tusks grow from one to three feet in length, and in circumference at the
lower end from six to nine inches ; but, according to Pennant, they are
but rarely found of the largest size, except on the coasts of the Frozen
Sea. The outer surface of the tusk, which is nearly of as fine a grain
as ivory, does not exceed half an inch, and the interior is filled with an
ossified secretion, which becomes very apparent on a longitudinal section
of the tooth being made. At the root of the tusk, where it joins to the
skull, appear cavities not wholly filled by this ossified substance, which
are more or less hollow, probably according to the age of the animal.f
These peculiarities of structure are shown in a remarkable manner
throughout the entire series of the Chess-men before us, and most
unequivocally so in the draught-men, which were necessarily cut trans
versely through the tusk. X We are able also to trace in them the economy
* Rosmarus, Jonst. Pise. U 44. he Morse, Buff. xiii. p. 358. Arctic Walrus, Pen
nant, Quadr. ii. 266. Trichechus Rosmarus, Linn. p. 59. Trichechus Walrus, Shaw,
vol. i. pt.i. p. 234, 4to. 1800.
t In the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons may be found various speci
mens of the tusk of this animal, together with a section of one, exhibiting the forma
tion above described, and a skeleton of the animal itself. I have to express my thanks
to Mr.Clift, the conservator of the Museum, for his obliging permission to examine
these interesting specimens. The tusks of those Walrusses, which inhabit the icy
coasts of the American continent, are much larger, thinner, and far more sharp
pointed, and have a sub-spiral curvature towards the point.—(Shaw, vol. i. p. 234.)
One of this description, procured by Capt. Beechey from the natives of Point Hope,
in Behring's Straits, is in the British Museum. It measures 24 feet long, by 5i inches
in circumference at the root. Tusks are said to have been found in Kamschatka
weighing from 20 to 40 lbs.—Gmelin, iii. p. 164. See Crantz, Hist. of Greenland,
i. p. 113, 4to. 1820; Museum Wormianum, fol. 1655, p. 289; Museum Regium, fol.
pt. i. § iii. 8, 9, ed. Lauerentzen ; Einersens' Notes on the Speculum Regale, 4to. Soroe,
1768, p. 178 ; and Bussaeus on the Periplus Ontheri, § 5, 4to. Havn. 1733.
X A portion of the Chess-men exhibit appearances distinct from the rest, and are of
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 191
of the artist, in fashioning his figures according to the portions of the
teeth best calculated to serve his purpose. The pieces of largest cir
cumference are almost wholly cut from that part of the tusk nearest the
skull, and exhibit the cavities in various states. In one instance of the
Knights, the right front leg of the horse has been broken off, owing to
the thinness of the bone at this part. The Bishops and Warders * are
chiefly cut either from the middle or end of the teeth. These animals
at present are chiefly found within the Arctic Circle, between Davis's
Straits and Nova Zembla, and but rarely venture into a more southern
latitude than the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between lat. 47—48. In the
Add. MSS. of the British Museum, No. 5261, fol. 167, is a spirited
drawing, by Albert Durer, of the head of a Morse, stated to have been
taken in the Zuyder Zee, in the year 1521. Walruses are met with also
in great numbers on the coasts of Spitzbergen f and Greenland, and
are wafted on the ice to Iceland.}: Pennant speaks doubtfully respecting
the latter place, and remarks, that they rarely appeared in his time in the
seas of Norway ,§ but in ancient times were so numerous in the northern
parts as to become objects of chase.
In the reign of King Alfred, about A. D. 890, Ohtere, the Norwegian,
visited England, and gave an account to the King of his voyage in
pursuit of these animals, chiefly on account of their teeth, which were
even in that remote period esteemed of considerable value. His simple
narrative is inserted by the monarch in the Saxon translation of Orosius,
and has been illustrated by the notes of Foster. || Ohtere sailed from
a lighter colour, and less heavy, and most of them are fractured. From these circum
stances, and from the bone being adhesive to the tongue, it has been suggested that
these figures are in a fossil state. Whether this fossilization took place before or after
the pieces were worked, is a curious subject of inquiry to the naturalist.
* One of the Warders is a singular instance among these Chess-men of a piece cut
from a whale's tooth, and exhibits a different internal structure, of an oval shape.
t Shaw, p. 235.
t In the voyages made by Stephen Bennet, in 1603, and succeeding years (which
were the origin of the English whale fishery), they found the Walruses in such num
bers on C herry Island, lying between the North Cape and Spitzbergen, that they killed
from 700 to 1000 of them in six or seven hours. See Purchas, iii. 560, 565 ; Pennant,
i. p. lxxxi.
§ Foster, in his notes on the Saxon Orosius, says, " In all the ocean near Norway
and Lapland no Walruses are ever seen, still less in the Baltic." p. 243. The former
part of this assertion is not, perhaps, to be received too literally. Arngrim Jonas, in
his account of Greenland, published in Iceland, 4to. Skalholt, 1688, after describing
the Rootungr, says of it : " This animal is common both to Greenland and Iceland."
Cap. 2. A Latin inedited translation of his work is in MSS. Add. 5207. So also
Pontoppidan writes : " The Valrus or Bosmul, and in our old Norwegian, Rostungr,
Rosmar, the Walrus, or Sea-horse, is seen sometimes on this coast, but not so frequently
as about Iceland, or Spitsbergen, where, according to Marten's Travels, ch. iv., they
are found in incredible numbers."—Nat. Hist. Norway, fol. Lond. 1755, p. 257.
|| Ed. Barrington, 8vo. Lond. 1773.
192 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Heligoland, the most northern point of Norway, (N. lat. 65,) and in three
days arrived at the extreme limits, frequented by the whale-fishers.
He proceeded onwards three days more, doubled the North Cape, and
entered the Cwen Sea, or White Sea, the coasts of which were inhabited
on the one side by the Scrickfinnas, or Laplanders, and on the other by
the Beormas. He here found the Walrus, which was the principal
object of his voyage, as he himself related to Alfred.
" He went the rather," says the Royal historian, " and shaped his
course to each of these countries, on account of the horse-whales, because
they have very excellent bone in their teeth ; some of which he brought
to the King ; and their hides are very good for ship-^opes."• The esti
mation in which these teeth were held by the northern nations, rendered
them a present worthy of royalty ; and this circumstance is confirmed by
a tradition preserved in the curious Saga of Kroka Ref, or Kroka the
Crafty, who lived in the tenth century,f It is there related, that Gunner,
Prefect of Greenland, wishing to conciliate the favour of Harold Hard-
raad, King of Norway, [A. D. 1046—1067,] by the advice of Barder,
a Norwegian merchant, sent to the King three of the most precious gifts
the island could produce. These were, 1. A full-grown tame white bear ;
2. A Chess-table, or set of Chess-men, exquisitely carved ; 3. A skull
of the Rootungr, with the teeth fastened in it, wonderfully sculptured
and ornamented with gold. I shall revert again to this passage before
this paper is concluded, and introduce it here only to illustrate the
presents made by Ohtere to King Alfred, which, it must be confessed, fall
short of those sent to the monarch of Norway.
(To be continued in our next Number.)
* These ropes were called by the Norwegians Svardreip. See Spec. Reg. p. 178,
n. and Am. Jonae Gronlandia, cap. ii.
t Supposed by Molbech to have been composed at the end of the fourteenth or
beginning of the fifteenth century.—Sagabibliothek, vol. i. p. 357. It is printed in
the 8vo collection of Marcusson, 1756, pp. 35—68 ; and the substance of it forms a
considerable portion of Arngr. Jonas's Description of Greenland, 4to. Skalh. 1688.
See also the examination of this narrative by Torfsus, in his Gronlandia Antiqua,
cap. 25, 8vo. Havn.1706.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 193
GAME LV.
The two following Games have been forwarded to us by one of the
most distinguished Amateurs of Chess in Berlin ; they were played
recently, between M. Szen, the well-known Hungarian Player, who, a
few years since, visited England, and a Member of the Berlin Chess Club.
White. (M. —.) Black. (M. Szen.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Castles 5. Kt. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. K. P. one 7. Q. takes K. P.
VOl. I. N. S. o
THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. —.) Black. (M. Szen.)
8. Q. P. one 8. K. B. to K. R. third
9. Kt. to Q. B. third 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. Q. B. to Q. second 10. Castles
11. Q. R. to K. square 11. Q. to Q. B. fourth (check)
12. K. to R. square 12. Q. B. P. one
13. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 13. Q. to K. B. fourth
14. Q. B. to its third 14. K. B. to K. Kt. second
15. Kt. to Q. sixth 15. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
16. R. takes Kt. (a) 16. B. takes Q. B. (6)
1Z. R. takes K. B. P. 17. R. takes R.
18. B. takes R. (check) (c) 18. K. to Kt. second
19. P. takes B. 19. Kt. to Q. R. third
20. Q. takes P. 20. Q. takes Q.
21. R. takes Q. 21. Kt. to Q. B. second
22. B. to Q. Kt. third 22. Kt. to Q. fourth
23. B. takes Kt. 23. P. takes B.
24. R. to K. B. seventh (check) 24. K. to Kt. square
25. R. to K. seventh 25. Q. Kt. P. one
26. R. to K. eighth (check) 26. K. to Kt. second
27. R. takes B., and wins the
game.
GAME LVI.
White. (M. —.) Black. (M. Szen.)
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. Q. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. B. P. one
4. Q. R. P. two 4. K. P. two
5. P. takes P. 5. Q. takes Q.
6. K. takes Q. 6. Q. B. to K. third
7. K. P. two 7. Q. Kt. to Q. second
8. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 8. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
9. K. to Q. B. second 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. K. Kt. to K. B. third 10. K. Kt. to K. Kt. third
11. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 11. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 195
White. (M. —.) Black. (M. Szen.)
12. K. Kt. to Q. second 12. K. Kt. takes P.
13. K. B. P. two 13. K. B. takes Kt.
14. K. takes B. 14. K. Kt. to K. Kt. third
15. K. B. takes P. 15. Q. B. to K. third
16. K. B. P. one 16. B. takes B.
17- Kt. takes B. 17. K. Kt. to K. second
18. Kt. to Q. sixth (check) 18. K. to B. square
19. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P. 19. K. B. P. one
20. Q. Kt. P. two 20. K. to B. second
21. Kt. to Q. sixth (check)
And, after a few more moves, M. Szen, finding the extrication of his
pieces almost impracticable, resigned the game.
GAME LVII.
Played at Berlin, between the late M. Bilguer and a fine Player of
the Berlin Chess Club.
White. (M. —.) Black. (M. Bilguer.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. square 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. K. Kt. to K. B. third (a) 5. Q. to K. R. fourth
6. Q. P. two 6. K. R. P. one
7. K. R. P. two 7. K. B. to Kt. second
8. Q. Kt. to B. third 8. Q. P. one
9. K. P. one 9. Q. P. takes P.
10. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth 10. K. to Q.
11. Q. P. takes P. 11. Q. B. to Q. second
12. K. to Kt. 12. Q. to K. Kt. third
13. R. P. takes P. 13. R. P. takes P.
14. R. takes R. 14. B. takes R.
15. Q. to K. square 15. K. to Q. B.
16. K. Kt. P. one 16. Q. Kt. to B. third
17. Q. B. to Q. second 17. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
18. K. Kt. to K. R. second 18. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
19. Q. B. to ft. B. third 19. Q. B. takes Q. B. P.
20. K. P. one 20. K. B. takes B.
21. K. P. takes P. 21. K. B. takes Q.
22. P. to K. B. eighth, becomes a
Queen, and checks 22. K. to Q. second
23. Q. takes R. 23. Q. to K. fifth
24. K. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth 24. Q. to Q. fifth (check)
25. K. Kt. to K. third 25. K. B. P. takes Kt.
26. R. takes B. 26. P. to K. seventh (discov. ch.)
o 2
196 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. —.) Black. (M. Bilguer.)
27. K. to Kt. second 27. B. to K. fifth (check)
28. K. to R. third 28. Q. to K. R. square (check)
29. K. to Kt. fourth 29. Q. Kt. to K. fourth (check)
30. K. takes Kt. P. 30. Q. to R. third (checkmate).
Note to Game LVII.
(a) This is not considered so good a move at this point, as Q.'s Kt. to
Bishop's third.
GAME LVIII.
Interesting Game, played last week, by M. St. Amant, the distin
guished French Chess Player, and Mr. M—, of the Liverpool Chess
Club ; the former giving the odds of a Pawn and two moves.— The
K. B.'s Pawn of Black must be taken from the board.
White. (Mr. M—.) Black. (M. St. Amant.)
1. K. and Q.'s P. two 1. Q Kt. to B. third
2. K. B. to Q.'s third 2. K. P. two
3. Q. P. one 3. Q. Kt. to K. second
4. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 4. K. Kt. to K. B. third
5. B. takes Kt. 5. Kt. P. takes B.
6. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 6. Kt. to K. Kt. third
7. K. B. P. two 7. K. P. takes P.
8. K. P. one 8. Q. to K. second
9. B. takes Kt. (check) 9. R. P. takes B.
10. Q. takes P. (check) (e) 10. Q. to K. B. second
11. Q. takes P. 11. Q. takes Q.
12. P. takes Q. 12. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
13. K. Kt. to B. third 13. Q. P. one
14. Q. Kt. to Q. second 14. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
15. Castles on Q.'s side 15. K. to K. B. second
16. K. R. P. two 16. K. takes P.
17. K. Kt. to his fifth 17. K. B. to K. sixth
18. K. to Q. Kt. 18. Q. R. to K.
19. Q. Kt. to K. B. third 19. K. B. to his seventh
20. Q. R. to Q. second (A) 20. B. takes K. R. P.
21. K. Kt. to K. sixth 21. B. takes Kt.
22. Q. P. takes B. 22. B. to K. B. seventh
23. K. R. to K. B. 23. B. to K. sixth
24. Q. R. to K. second 24. R. takes P.
25. K. Kt.'s P. one 25. K. to his second
26. P. takes P. 26. B. takes P.
27. Q. R. to K. B. second 27. B. to K. sixth
28. Q. R. to K. second 28. K. R. to K. B.
29. Q. B. P. one 29. Q. B. P. two
30. K. to Q. B. second 30. Q. P. one
31. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 31. K. R. takes R.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 197
White. (Mr. M—.) Black. (M. St. Amant.)
32. Kt. takes Q. R. 32. K. takes Kt.
33. R. takes B. (check) 33. K. to Q. third
34. R. to K. eighth 34. Q. B. P. one
35. R. to Q. eighth (check) 35. K. to Q. B. third
36. Q. Kt. P. two 36. R. to K. B. seventh (check)
37. K. to Kt. 37. R. to Q. seventh
38. Q. R. P. two 38. K. to Q. B. second
39. R. to K. B. eighth 39. Q. R. P. one
40. R. to K. B. third 40. K. to Q. third
41. R. to K. B. sixth (check) 41. K. to K. fourth
42. R. to Q. Kt. sixth 42. K. to K. fifth
43. R. takes Q. Kt. P. 43. K. to Q. sixth
44. Q. Kt. P. one 44. Q. R. P. one
45. R. to K. B. seventh 45. K. takes Q. B. P.
46. R. to K. B. third (check) 46. K. to Q. Kt. fifth
47. Q. Kt. P. one 47. R. to K. R. seventh
48. R. to K. B. eighth 48. K. to Q. Kt. sixth
49. R. to K. B. 49. R. to K. R. third
50. K. to Q. R. square (c)
The game was prolonged for several moves beyond this point, and
eventually terminated in favour of M. St. Amant.
GAME LIX.
In the Match between M. Ds la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 11th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth (a) 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. square 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. K. B. to Kt. second
6. Q. P. two 6. Q. P. one
198 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
7. K. B. to K. second 7. Q. Kt. to B. third
8. K. P. one 8. K. Kt. to K. second
9. Q. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 9. Castles
10. Q. Kt. takes Q. B. P. 10. Q. R. to Q. Kt.
11. K. Kt. to B. third 11. Q. to K. R. third
12. P. takes P. 12. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
13. Q. B. P. one 13. K. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth (check)
14. P. takes Kt. 14. Q. takes R. (check)
15. K. to B. second 15. P. takes P. (check)
16. K. takes P. 16. U. takes Q.
17. B. takes Q. 17. K. R. P. one
18. Q. Kt. P. one 18. Q. Kt. P. two
19. Q. B. to K. third 19. K. B. P. two
20. Q. P. one 20. K. B. P. one (check)
21. K. to R. second 21. P. takes B.
22. P. takes Kt. 22. K. Kt. P. one
23. Kt. to Q. fourth 23. K. B. to K. fourth (check)
24. K. to Kt. 24. K. B. takes P.
25. Q. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P. 25. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
26. Q. Kt. P. one (6) 26. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
27. Q. Kt. to Q. sixth 27. K. B. takes K. Kt.
28. Q. B. P. takes B. 28. Q. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
29. Kt. takes B. 29. K. R. takes Kt.
30. Q. P. one 30. K. to B. second
31. B. to Q. Kt. third 31. K. to K. second
32. K. to B. 32. Q. R. to K. fifth
33. K. to K. second 33. K. R. to K. B.
34. K. to Q. third 34. Q. R. to K. fourth
35. R. to K. 35. K. to Q. third
36. R. takes P. 36. R. takes R.
37. K. takes R. 37. K. R. P. one
38. K. to K. fourth 38. K. R. P. one
39. B. to Q. square 39. K. R. P. one
40. P. takes P. 40. P. takes P.
41. B. to K. B. third 41. K. R. P. one
42. B. to K. Kt. second 42. R. to K. B. eighth (c)
and Mr. M'Don NELL RESIGNED.
By R. A. B.
No. 13.
White. Black.
K. at K. R.'s second K. at K. Kt.'s square
Q. at K.'s seventh Q. at Q. R.'s eighth
R. at K.'s fifth R. at K. B.'s square
B. at K.'s square R. at K.'s R.
' Kt. at K. Kt.'s fifth Kt. at Q. Kt.'s second
Pawns at K. R.'s third, K. Kt.'s Kt. at Q.'s third
second, Q.'s second, and at Q. Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s
B.'s third second, Q. R.'s second, and at
Q. Kt.'s third
White to play, and effect mate in five moves.
No. 14.
By the same.
White. Black.
K. at K. Kt.'s square K. at Q. B.'s square
Q. at K. Kt.'s sixth Q. at K.'s seventh
R. at Q.'s square R. at Q. R.'s square
R. at Q. B.'s fifth R. at K. B.'s square
Kt. at Q. Kt.'s fifth Pawns at Q. R.'s second, Q. Kt.'s
Pawns at K. R.'s second, and K. second, and Q. B.'s second
Kt.'s second
White, playing first, checkmates in five moves.
200 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 11.
White. Black.
1. B. takes Kt. (check) 1. K. to B.'s third, or (A)
2. B. to K.'s fifth (check, and dis 2. K. takes B.
covering check with R.)
3. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 3. R. takes Q.
4. Kt. to Q. seventh (checkmate)
(A)
White. Black.
1. B. takes Kt. 1. R. or P. takes B.
2. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 2. R. takes Q.
3. Kt. checkmates.
No. 12.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K. B.'s fourth (check) 1. K. to K.'s fourth
2. Q.'s P. two (check) 2. K. to K.'s fifth
3. B. to B. third (checkmate).
AND CHESS FLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
muck.
202 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
"P. E. S., Haylebuby College."—Informs us that the Poem on
Chess, by the Abbe Cerutti, which was referred to in a preceding Num
ber, will be found in the first vol. of " Les Stratagemes Des Echecs,
2 tom. l6mo. Paris et Strasburg."
"G. S. S., Liverpool."—We have much pleasure in expressing our
obligations to the Secretary of the Liverpool Chess Club, for the in
teresting games, &c. recently forwarded to us.
"An Amateur, Brighton."—The new edition of Mr. Lewis's va
luable " Chess Lessons" will be ready for publication when the season
for domestic recreations commences.
" Berlin Chess Club."—A member of this Club has obligingly
called our attention to note (c) on the lGth move of Black in Game XIX.,
between Messrs. P—t and St—n, p. 67, in which it is suggested that, by
a certain variation, Black would have gained a piece. Our correspondent,
carrying on the variation a move or two farther, clearly shows that this
would not have been the result. In an Appendix to the first volume we
purpose giving all such corrections at full length.
" D. F."— M. St. Amant had no opportunity during his late brief
sojourn here of playing with the gentleman named. He played two
games with the President of the Liverpool Club, one of which appears in
our present number.
" Castle, St. George's Chess Club."—We were promised the
name of the author who had written so fully upon the variation in the
Muzio Gambit alluded to in page 168, note (o), but were unable to obtain
it before going to press. Full particulars, however, of this interesting
" Analysis " will be given in an early Number. In the meanwhile we
refer the inquirer to J. F. W. Koch's " Elementarbuch der Schachspiel-
kunst," printed at Magdeburg, 1828, 12mo. pp. 192, obtainable though
Messrs. Nutt, the Foreign Booksellers, of Fleet-street, which contains
many skilful examples of the attack arising from the move in question.
"A Young Chess Player, Bristol."—The three solutions are
clever and correct.
" R. A. B., Leeds."—Many thanks for the welcome addition to our
store of Chess Problems. A private communication will be forwarded
immediately.
" T. R. B., Manchester."—The solutions were received too late
for examination this week.
" A Young Chess Player's" second epistle shall have due atten
tion in our next.
AND CHESS PLAYER's CHRONICLE. 203
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 192.)
The author of the Kongs-Skugg-sio, or Speculum Regale, composed, as
Einersen concludes, between the years 1154—1164, but certainly before
the close of the century, takes particular notice of the Rostungr, and
mentions also the circumstance of its teeth and hide being used as
articles of commerce. In the sixteenth century, Richard Chancellor
enumerates the teeth of the morse among the articles of traffic in Russia,
and the price of a tusk was then estimated at a ruble. Olaus Magnus,
the worthy Archbishop of Upsala, who wrote somewhat earlier, and who
derives the name of morse, " ab asperitate mordendi," tells us that these
animals were taken chiefly on account of their teeth, which are held in
the highest estimation by the Muscovites, and neighbouring nations, who,
from the whiteness and durability of the grain, formed them into sword
handles. So also in the description of Greenland, by Arngrim Jonas,
we are told that the teeth and hides of the Rostungr formed a chief
object of commerce with Norway and Denmark ; and there is reason to
believe that this species of barter was not confined to the Baltic, but
extended to the British Islands.
The author of the description of the Royal Museum at Copenhagen,
writes "Auro cariores olim dentes hic exstit&re. Britanni quippe et
Hiberni scribuntur capulos gladiorum suorum non auro, non argento, non
ebore exornasse, sed dentibus his. Unde Solinus, c. 22, ' Qui student
cultui, dentibus mari nantium belluarum insigniunt ensium capulos ;
candicant enim ad eburneam claritatem.' "
The ancient Norwegians, and more particularly the natives of Iceland,
seem to have been, at a very early period, famous for their skill in carv
ing various figures and implements in bone, and this talent was exerted
chiefly in sculpturing Chess-men from the tusks of the Rothmar. The
passage already quoted from Kroka Refs Saga, might easily authorize such
an inference, but we have more express testimony on the subject. The
Archbishop of Upsala, in his antiquarian history of the Northern nations
tells us that it was usual for them to cut the teeth of the morse in the
most artificial manner, for the purpose of making Chess-men, with which
game all the people of the North were well acquainted, but more especially
their princes and men of rank ; and, a century later, Olaus Wormius,
204 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
in describing the contents of his museum, says of the Rosmar, " Out of its
teeth various articles are made, such as rings against the cramp, handles of
swords, javelins, and knives, because the weight of the material renders
a blow from the weapon of greater force. On this account, these teeth
are sent to the Turks and Tatars in traffic, by whom they are eagerly
sought after. The Icelanders cut out of them, very skilfully, the figures
used in the game of Chess." And, in another passage, he writes, " The
Icelanders, who are of an ingenious turn of mind, are accustomed, during
the long nights of winter, to cut out, by their fireside, various articles from
whales' teeth. This is more particularly the case in regard to Chess-men
(at which game they excel); and I possess some specimens of these,
distinguished by being of two colours, white and green, which are sculp
tured so exquisitely, that each piece expresses in features, dress, and
attitude, the personage it is designed to represent."
I think, therefore, from the preceding passages, we may infer, with
considerable probability, that the Chess-men discovered in the Island of
Lewis were sculptured by the same people, among whom the material of
which they are formed is found ; and who are known, moreover, from an
indefinite period of time, to have excelled in the art of cutting out similar
figures, and to have been adepts in the game for which such figures were
intended. But since objections might arise, on the supposition that the
material, although supplied by the Norwegians, might yet have been
sculptured in another part of Europe, it will be requisite to strengthen
the conclusion I have drawn, by an examination of the costume which
these Chess-men present to us.
To those not interested in the early history of the Game, perhaps this
may appear the most attractive point of view in which they can be placed,
as exhibiting examples of the dress of various orders of society in the
twelfth century, to which period they have been unanimously assigned
by the voice of many very competent judges. And although we concede,
which I am by no means disposed to do, that these pieces are the work
of a more recent age, in imitation of earlier prototypes, yet even then
their value remains the same, in regard to the costume they illustrate.
It is unfortunate for the subject of our inquiry, that the ancient monu
ments of Scandinavia, whether regarded as works of art, sepulchral
effigies, or MSS,, do not exist in sufficient number to enable us to decide
positively on the identity of character presented in the figures under re
view; and it is in some measure from negative evidence we are obliged
to argue. The general dress of these pieces was common, in the twelfth
century, to most of the European nations ; and, in the cases of the King,
Queen, and Bishop, had scarcely undergone any change for several cen
turies previous ; so that it will only be necessary to select such portions
of the costume as may seem to require illustration, or which more par
ticularly serve to point out a Northern original.
The first peculiarity which arrests our attention in looking at the
AND CHESS PLAYEB's CHRONICLE. 205
figures in question, is the singular manner in which the hair of the Kings
is plaited, in long wreaths over their shoulders. All the nations of
Gothic origin seem to have agreed in encouraging the growth of their
hair and beard, but they varied from each other, as well in the mode of
wearing it as in the care bestowed on its appearance. We learn, from
Tacitus, that it was peculiar to the Suevi, the most numerous of all the
Teutonic tribes, to wreath their hair and fasten it in a knot. Other
nations, he adds, imitated them, but only those among them who had not
passed their manhood ; whereas the Suevi, even to the time their locks
became grey, were accustomed to twist a mass of hair at the back of
the head, and often bound it up to the top. Their princes wore it more
ornamented, and only the men of free condition had the privilege of cul
tivating it.* Hence their chiefs, in the time of Theodoric, were addressed,
as a mark of respect, by the term " hairy." f The mode adopted by
Theodoric himself, is minutely described by Sidonius, in an epistle to
Agricola, and is too curious to be omitted. He says, that the hair of the
King's head was cut round at the top, and curled upwards from the fore
head, whilst over his ears, according to the fashion of his country, it
hung in twisted wreaths. His beard was suffered to grow thickly around
the border of his face, but not a hair permitted to encroach on the cheek;
and to preserve this fashion entire, the barber of the royal person
attended every morning to pluck out, with his pincers, any stragglers
that might have risen within the proscribed limit. X The same mode of
wearing the beard prevailed in the twelfth century, at the court of Nor
way, as we learn from the author of the Speculum Regale, who had him
self, when younger, adopted it, and who seems to regret that a practice
less elegant had been subsequently introduced-! A modern exclusive,
1 (Iff ■
II '§
P
■ B 1 1
ill 1 ■
1 : H P
BP
111 si jjj
1 III B
ill ■L ■
HP
■1 1
GAME LX.
Well played Game, between Mr. St—n and Mr. E. W., one of the
best Players in the Bristol Chess Club ; the former giving a Pawn
and two Moves.—Black's K. B. P. must be taken off the board.
White. (Mr. Wj Black. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. and Q. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. K. B. to Q. third 2. K. P. two (a)
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. P. one
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
5. K. R. P. one 5. B. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes B. 6. Q,. to K. B. third
7. a to Q. Kt. third (6) 7. Castles on Q.'s side
8. B. takes K. Kt. 8. Kt. takes Q. P.
9. Q. to K. B. seventh 9. Kt. takes Q. B. P. (check)
VOl. I.—N. S. v
210 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. W.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
10. K. to Q. square 10. Kt. takes R.
11. Q. takes Q. 11. P. takes Q.
12. K. B. to K. sixth (check) 12. K. to Q. Kt. square
13. Q. Kt. P. one 13. B. to K. Kt. second
14. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second 14. K. R. to K. square
15. B. to Q. B. fourth 15. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P.
16. Q. R. P. takes Kt. 16. Q. B. P. one
17. Kt. to Q. B. third 17. Q. P. one
18. P. takes P. 18. P. takes P.
19. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (c) 19. K. R. to K. third
20. K. to K. second 20. Q. R. P. one
21. K. B. to Q. third 21. K. P. one
22. B. to Q. Kt. square 22. K. B. P. one
23. R. to Q. square 23. Q. P. one
24. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 24. Q. Kt. P. two
25. Kt. to Q. B. fifth 25. K. R. to Q. B. third
26. Q. B. to Q. R. third 26. Q. P. one (check)
27. K. to K. B. square 27. Q. R. P. one
28. Q. Kt. P. one 28. B. to Q. B. sixth
29. Kt. to Q. Kt. third 29. Q. R P. takes P.
30. B. to Q. B. square 30. B. to K. fourth
31. Q. B. to Q. second 31. R. to Q. B. sixth (d)
32. Kt. to Q. R. fifth 32. K. to Q. B. second (e)
33. B. to Q. R. second 33. R. to Q. R. square
34. B. to K. sixth 34. R. takes Kt.
35. B. takes K. B. P. 35. R. to Q. B. fifth
36. B. takes K. R. P. 36. R. to Q. R. seventh (/)
37- K. B. P. two 37. B. to Q. fifth
38. B. takes K. P. 38. R. takes Q. B.
39. R. takes R. 39. R. to Q. B. eighth (check)
AND WHITE RESIGNED.
GAME LXI.
Between the same Players.
{As in the preceding Game, Black's K.B. P. must be removedfrom the board.)
White. (Mr. W.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. and Q. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. one 2. Kt. to K. fourth
3. K. B. P. two 3. Kt. to K. B. second
4. K. B. to Q. third 4. K. P. two
5. K. B. P. one 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. K. Kt. P. two 6. K. R. P. one
7. Q. B. to K. third 7. Kt. to Q. third (a)
8. Q. to K. B. third 8. K. R. P. one (6)
9. K. Kt. P. one 9. K. Kt. to his square
10. Q. to K. Kt. third 10. Q. to K. second
11. K. Kt. to B. third 11. Kt, takes K. B. P.
12. P. takes Kt. 12. K. P. one
13. K. to K. B. second 13. P. takes Kt.
14. Q. takes Q. B. P. 14. Q. to Q. third
15. Q. to Q. B. fourth 15. Q. Kt. P. one
16. Q. to K. fourth (check) 16. Kt. to K. second
17. Q. B. P. two 17. Q. B. to Kt. second
18. Q. Kt. to B. third 18. Q. R. P. one
19. Q. B. to Q. fourth 19. K. to Q. square
20. Q. Kt. P. two 20. R. to Q. B. square
21. Q. R. to K. 21. K. R. P. one
22. Q. R. P. one (c) 22. Kt. to his square
23. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 23. Kt. to K. second
24. Q. B. takes Q. Kt. P. (check) 24. K. to his square
25. K. B. P. one 25. K. Kt. P. one
26. Q. takes K. Kt. P. (check
mate) (d).
GAME LXII.
Lively Game, between Mr. St—n and a Member of a leading Provincial
Chess Club ; Mr. S. giving the King's Knight.*
Black. (Mr. St—n.) White. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. Kt. P. two 3. B. takes P.
4. K. B. P. two 4. P. takes P.
5. Castles 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. B. P. one 6. B. to Q. R. fourth
7. Q. P. two 7. Castles (a)
8. R. takes P. 8. Q. P. one
9. Q. to K. B. third 9. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
10. Q. B. to K. third 10. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
11. Q. Kt. to Q. second 11. Q. Kt. to Q. R. fourth (J)
12. K. B. to Q. third 12. Q. B. P. two
13. Q. R. to K. B. 13. Q. B. P. takes P.
14. P. takes P. 14. Q. Kt. to B. third
15. K. P. one 15. P. takes K. P.
16. R. takes Kt. 16. Q. takes R.
17. K. B. takes K. R. P. (check) 17. K. to R.
18. Q. to K. R. fifth 18. Q. takes R. (check) (c)
19. Kt. takes Q. 19. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
20. Q. to K. R. fourth 20. K. B. to Q. square
21. Q. takes Q. B. 21. K. takes B.
22. Q. P. one 22. Kt. to K. second
23. Kt. to K. Kt. third 23. Kt. to K. Kt. third (d)
24. Kt. to K. B. fifth 24. Q. R. to Q. B.
25. K. R. P. two 25. B. to K. B. third
* Young players frequently omit to remove from the board the piece or Pawn
given by one party in the games they play over, and, consequently, finding themselves
involved in difficulties, after a few moves, give up the game as irretrievably corrupt,
and then complain of the want of accuracy manifested in the printing of Chess
games. We beg to assure them, that, as far as this work is concerned, in ninety-nine
cases out of a hundred where complaints of the kind have reached us, the fault has
been attributable to the carelessness with which the writers had gone over the games ;
and, being of opinion that scarcely anything contributes so much to the progress of
a student moderately skilled in Chess, as frequently playing through the well-con
ducted games of first-rate players, we are very desirous of inculcating the necessity
of observing due caution in a practice so fraught with advantage.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 213
Black. (Mr. St—n.) White. (Mr. —.)
26. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 26. K. to Kt.
27. K. Kt. P. two 27. Kt. to K. B. fifth
28. B. takes Kt. 28. P. takes B.
29. K. Kt. P. one 29- Q. R. checks
30. K. to Kt. second 30. Q. R. to Q. B. seventh (check)
31. K. to R. third 31. B. to Q. square
32. Q. P. one 32. K. R. to K. square
33. K. Kt. P. one 33. P. takes K. Kt. P.
34. Q. takes P., and wins.
GAME LXIII.
Fine Game, by the Honorary Secretary and another Member of the
London Chess Club ; the former giving the Queen's Rook.
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. B. to K. Kt. second
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Castles 7. Q. Kt. to B. third
8. K. Kt. P. one 8. K. Kt. P. one
9. Q. B. takes P. 9. P. takes Kt.
10. Q. takes P. 10. Q. Kt. takes Q. P. (a)
11. P. takes Kt. 11. B. takes P. (check)
12. K. to R. 12. Q. to K. second
13. Q. B. to K. third 13. B. to K. B. third
14. Q. Kt. to B. third 14. Q. B. P. one
15. K. P. one 15. P. takes P.
16. Kt. to K. fourth 16. Q. B. to K. third
17. Q. B. to Q. B. fifth (6) 17. Q. to Q. second
18. R. to Q. 18. Q. B. to Q. fourth
19. B. takes B. 19. P. takes B.
20. Kt. takes B. (check) 20. Kt. takes Kt.
214 THK BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
21. Q. takes Kt. 21. K. R. to R. second
22. Q. takes K. P. (check) 22. Q. to K. third
23. Q. to Q. B. third (c) 23. Castles (d)
24. B. to Q. Kt. sixth (discov. ch.) 24. Q. to Q. B. third
25. B. takes R. 25. K. takes B.
26. Q. to Q. R. fifth (check) 26. K. to Q. B.
27. Q. takes Q. P. 27. Q. takes Q.
28. R. takes Q.. 28. K. to B. second
29. K. to K. Kt. second 29. Q. R. P. one
30. K. to B. third 30. K. R. P. one
31. K. to B. fourth 31. K. B. P. one
32. K. to B. fifth 32. R. to R. third
33. R. to Q. second 33. Q. Kt. P. two
34. R. to K. second 34. K. to Q. second
35. R. to K. sixth 35. K. R. P. one
36. K. Kt. P. one 36. K. R. P. one
37. R. takes K. B. P. 37. R. takes R. (check)
38. K. takes R. 38. K. to K. square
39. K. to K. Kt. seventh 39. Q. R. P. one
40. K. to K. R. seventh, and wins
the game (e).
GAME LXIV.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnbll.
(Game 12th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. P. one (a) 3. K. P. two
4. K. B. takes P. 4. P. takes P.
5. P. takes P. 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. to Q. third
7. Castles 7. Castles
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. K. R. P. one
9. Q. B. to K. R. fourth 9. K. Kt. P. two
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 215
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
10. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 10. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
11. Q. Kt. to B. third 11. Q. Kt. to B. third
12. Q. to Q. third (b) 12. K. to Kt. second
13. K. Kt. to K. fifth 13. B. takes Kt.
14. P. takes B. 14. Kt. to K. R. fourth
15. Kt. to Q. fifth 15. Kt. takes B.
16. Q. takes Kt. 16. B. to K. R. fourth
17. K. B. P. two 17. Kt. to Q. R. fourth
18. Q. Kt. P. one 18. Kt. takes B.
19. P. takes Kt. 19. Q. B. P. one
20. Kt. to K. B. sixth 20. Q. to Q. fifth (check)
21. K. to R. square 21. B. to K. Kt. third
22. Q. R. to Q. (c) 22. Q. takes Q. B. P.
23. K. B. P. one 23. B. to K. R. second
24. Kt. to Q. seventh 24. K. R. to Q.
25. K. P. one 25. K. B. P. one
26. Q. to Q. B. seventh 26. K. R. to Q. B. square
27. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 27. Q. to Q. Kt. fourth
28. Q. R. to Q. Kt. 28. U. takes Q.
29. Q. R. takes Q. 29. K. to R.
30. Kt. takes K. B. P. 30. B. to K. Kt; square
31. K. R. to Q. 31. K. R. to Q. square
32. K. R. to Q. seventh 32. K. R. takes K. R.
33. R. takes K. R. 33. K. Kt. P. one (rf)
34. K. to Kt. 34. Q. R. P. two
35. K. P. one, winning the ga
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 13.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s sixth 1. R. to K. B.'s second
2. R. to B.'s fifth 2. R. P. one
3. R. takes R. 3. Kt. takes R.
4. Q. to B.'s eighth (check) 4. K. to R.'s second
5. Q. takes P. (checkmate).
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CH110NICLE.
No. 14.
White. Black.
1. R. takes P. (check) K. to Q. Kt.'s square
2. R. takes P. (check) K. takes R.
3. R. to Q.'s seventh (check) K. to Q. B.'s or Q. Kt.'s s<
4. Q. to ft. B.'s, or to Q.'s sixth K. where he can
(check)
5. Q. mates.
Stuck.
bp
n pup
218 TUB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
"T. R. B., Manchester."—In the second letter, our Problem,
No. 20, is correctly solved; and the solution to No. 12, of the "Pro
blems for Young Players," is equally successful ; but " T. R. B." is
mistaken in believing, that in No. 11 of the same series, checkmate can
be effected in less than four moves.
We have received two interesting games, just played by corres
pondence, between two fine players, resident at Clifton, which shall
appear in due time. We have to acknowledge also the receipt of an
epistle from some friendly correspondent, whose initials are not deci
pherable, containing a clue for obtaining a series of valuable games, which
were played some years since, by De la Bourdonnais, Boncourt, Mouret,
and others, the ilite of the Parisian '' Cercle des Echecs." Will he
favour us by again writing at his earliest convenience ?
"A Young Chess Player, Bristol."—The solutions are correct.
" X. Y., Ries's Grand Divan."—The games recently played
between Kieziericki and three or four of the leading Chess players in
France will appear immediately.
" Leeds v. Liverpool."—The games in this match, which were
forwarded to our publisher's, have been mislaid, or, as promised, they
should have appeared.
" M."—Algaier and Mendheim are both living. The latter is an active
member of the Berlin Chess Club ; and, on the termination of the match
between the Clubs of Berlin and Posen, he was presented, by the former,
with a splendid silver cup, in testimony of their appreciation of his
services.
" P., Huddersfield Chess Club."—Thanks for the promised co
operation.
" L. G., Monmouth."—Apply at once to Mr. Goode, " European
Chess Rooms," Ludgate Hill. A collection of Mr. Bolton's unrivalled
Chess Problems is much wanted, and in making it, L. G. may rely on
our assistance.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 219
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
{Continued from p. 208.)
I have but few remarks to make on the dress of the Bishops, which is
almost the same as in the 10th century, and may be compared with those
delineated on the seals of Stephen, a. d. 1162—1185, and of Olaus I.,
a. d. 1198—1200, Archbishops of Upsala;* and also with the ornaments
of Absalon, Archbishop of Lunden and Primate of Sweden, a. d. 1178
—1202, preserved in the Royal Museum at Copenhagen.f The mitre
and crosier of the latter will be found to agree very exactly with those of
the Chess-men. The former, we are told, was called by the Norwegians
Biscops-Lue, with which the prelates were invested by the Pope, from the
time of Sergius, a. d. 845. X The crosier is made of the horn of the
narwal, and measures four feet and a half in length. This material was
very generally employed for such a purpose in the North, and succeeded
the wooden crosiers used at an earlier period. § Among the Archbishop's
ornaments is also a zone of leather, about the width of an inch, and
fastened by a buckle made of bone, with a figure carved on it. |] Such
belts were worn both by the laics and clergy ; and were sometimes orna
mented with laminae of bone. Wormius mentions such a one in his
possession, made of silk, with square pieces of bone attached, cut out
of the teeth of the walrus, one of which formed the fibula, which had
a silver tongue (Jtoorn). He believes this to have" been worn as a remedy
* Monumenta Ullerakerensia a Peringskiold, fol. 1719, pp. 129, 130. The monu
ment of Henry, Bishop of Upsal, A. D. 1148—1157, in which he is represented with
a tall mitre and crosier, elaborately ornamented, is evidently of a later period ; as are
also the paintings around the tomb of King Erie, in the cathedral at Upsal. See
Peringskiold, Attalar for Swea och Gbtha Konunga Hus, fol. Stockh. 1725. Monu-
menta Ullere Karensia, p. 48; and Monumenta Sueo Gothica, fol. 1710, pp. 185, 191,
203. The Frankish bishops at the end of the seventh century wore beards, as appears
from the figure of S. Leger, Bishop of Autun, apud Montf. i. pi. 31 ; and from
Sidonius, Ep. 24. In the twelfth century they are also thus represented. See MS.
Cott. Nero, c. iv. ; and Strutt's Dresses, vol. i. fol. 25.
t Museum Regium, pt. ii. § iii. 1—13, ed. Laurentzen.
t Huitfeldii Chron. Dan. pp. 25, 26.
§ Mus. Reg. pt. ii. § iii. 3. Archbishop Absolon also used a crosier of gilt copper,
ornamented with a border, but this is not of so ancient a character as the former.
|| lb. 12. It is engraved, Tab. i. 12.
220 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
against the cramp or cholic* These notices may serve to illustrate the
curious buckle discovered together with these Chess-men : the tongue
turns on a copper wire, inserted through the bone, and is, even at present,
quite flexible.
The figures of the Knights and Warders present very curious examples
of the military costume of the twelfth century ; and it will be necessary
to enter a little diffusely into the history of the armour, both offensive
and defensive, used by the nations of the North, in order to show that
these Chess-pieces answer very well to the descriptions given by histo
rical authorities. The warlike propensities of all the children of Odin's
race are too well known, from their conquests, to be dwelt on here. In
very early times their weapons probably consisted only of an axe, a
sword, or a spear ; and their helmet or coat of mail was but rarely used,
and only by the highest in rank among them. Such is the account given
us of the Franks by Agathias, in the sixth century, f and it will equally
apply to any other branches of the Gothic tree. But the constant
warfare in which these people were engaged, and the communication
opened to them with the Romans, and subsequently with the Eastern
world, by degrees caused the same means of defence to be adopted in
battle, as used by more polished nations. Olaus Magnus speaks thus in
general terms of the early armour in use among them. "Anciently,"
says he, " they wore heavy helmets, rudely fashioned, according to the
art of the age, and thick tunics, made either of iron, leather, or felt,
lined with linen and wool ; also iron pieces for the arms, and gloves ;
they carried in their hands massive spears. J But in the twelfth century
various notices are to be gleaned from contemporary writers, which
enable us to judge more accurately of the several parts of their armour.
Thus in the ancient laws of Helsingea, whoever had attained the age of
eighteen, was obliged to possess five sorts of warlike equipment, viz. a
sword (swerd), or axe (oxe), a helmet or iron hat (jernhatf), a shield
(skiold), a tunic of mail (bryniu), or a wambais (mum). So also, by the
laws of Gula, said to have been originally established by King Hacon
the Good, in 940, whoever possessed the sum of six marks besides his
clothes, was required to furnish himself with a red shield, of two boards
in thickness (skiold raud tuibyrding), a spear (spiot), an axe (oxe), or a
sword : he who was worth twelve marks, in addition to the above, was
ordered to procure a steel cap (stdl-hufu) ; whilst he who was worth
eighteen marks was obliged to have a double red shield, a helmet, a coat
of mail or gambeson (bryniu, or panzar), and all the usual military
• Mus. Worm. p. 377.
t Lib. i. p. 40.
% " Habebant olim cassides graves, non satis polita manu juxta rudem illam aetatem
fabricatas, preeterea thoracal spissos, partim ferreos, partim coriaceos, partim filtrinos,
lino lanaque consuta ; simili modo brachialia ferrea et manuum chirothecas. Fer-
rebant et densas hastas."—p. 336.
AND CHESS PLAYEll's CHRONICLE. 221
weapons (folkvopn.)* In such a state of society, it may easily be in
ferred that the utmost attention was paid to the fabrication of various
species of armour, for which the natural product of the mines in Norway
and Sweden yielded such facilities ; and hence the well-known stories of
the smith Veland (Volundr), and of the Duergar, who forged weapons for
the heroes in the recesses of the earth, or in Valhalla, f
Hence also the numerous poetical epithets occurring in the Scaldic
poems of the different parts of a warrior's dress, X and the frequent
descriptions of armour introduced into Snorre, Sturleson, and the
Sagas.
In the history of King Hacon the Good (A. d. 937—963), surnamed
Adelstein's Fostra, from having been brought up in the court of King
Athelstan of England, we read, cap. 28, " The King put on a tunic of
mail (brynio), girded round him his sword, called Kuembit (mill-stone-
biter), and set on his head his gilded helmet (Jiialm gullrodinri). He took
a spear (kesio) in his hand, and hung his shield (sciolld) by his side."§ So
also, in describing the battle of Sticklastad, where King Olaf, of Norway,
called the Saint, was slain, A. d. 1030 :—" Olaf was armed in the follow
ing manner : he wore a golden helmet (hiallm gullrodinn ) ; in one hand
he bore a white shield (hoitann skiblld), and in the other a spear {kesio),
which is now preserved at the Temple of Christ (at Nidros). Around
him was girded his sword, called Hneyter, the hilt of which was of gold,
and the edge exceedingly trenchant. On his body he had a tunic of
ring-mail (hringa-brynio.)" || And in Magnus Barfot's Saga, cap. 26, on
the eve of the fatal contest in Ulster, where the monarch was killed, and
his army defeated by the Irish, a. d. 1103, Snorre tells us, "the King
was armed with a helmet (Jiialm), and a red shield (raudon shiolld), on
which was depicted a golden lion. He was girt with a most sharp sword,
called Leggbitr, the hilt of which was made of the tooth of the Rosmar,1T
and ornamented with gold. He held a spear (Jkesio) in his hand, and
over his tunic (skyrto) he had a surcoat of red silk (silki-hiup raudan),
SSBhtte.
GAME LXV.
Recently played between M. St. Amant and the President of the
Liverpool Chess Club.—The former giving the Pawn and two Moves.
White. (Mr. M.) Black. (M. St. A.)
1. K. and Q. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. K. B. to Q third 2. Q. B. P. two
3. Q. B. P. one (a) 3. P. takes P.
4. P. takes P. 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. K. P. one 5. Q. to Q.,Kt. third
Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 6. K. to Q.
K. Kt. to K. second 7. K. Kt. to K. second
Q. to K. Kt. fourth (b) 8. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth (check)
Q. B. to Q. second 9. Q. Kt. takes K. P.
VOL. I.—N. 8.
226 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. M.) Black. (M. St. A.)
10. Q. B. takes Q. 10. Q. Kt. takes ft
11. Q. Kt. to Q. second 11. K. Kt to Q. fourth
12. Q. B. to his third 12. Q. Kt. P. one
13. K. R. P. one 13. Q. Kt. to K. B. third
14. Castles on King's side (c) 14. K. Kt. P. two
15. Q. R. P. two 15. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second
16. Q. R. P. one 16. K. R. P. two
17. Q. R. P. takes P. 17. Q. R. P. takes P.
18. Q. R. takes R. 18. B. takes R.
19. K. R. to Q. R. square 19. Q. B. to Q. Kt second
20. R. to Q. R. seventh 20. K. to Q. B. square
21. K. B. to Q. R. sixth 21. B. takes B.
22. R. takes B. 22. K. to Q. Kt. second
23. R. to Q. R. square 23. K. Kt. P. one
24. K. R. P. one 24. K. B. to Q. third
25. K. Kt. P. one 25. R, to Q. B. square
26. R. to Q. R. fourth (d) 26. Q. Kt. P. one
27. R. to Q. R. square 27. Q. Kt. P. one
AND THE FIRST PLAYER RESIGNS.
GAME LXVI.
Spirited Game, recently played between two strong Players, at Berlin.
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 227
White. Black.
5. Castles 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. K. P. one 7. Q. takes P.
8. Q. P. one 8. K. B. to R. third
9. Q. B. to Q. second 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. Q. Kt. to B. third 10. Q. B. P. one
11. Q. R. to K. square 11. Q. to Q. B. fourth (check)
12. K. to R. square 12. Q. P. two
13. Q. to K. R. fifth 13. Q. to her third
14. K. B. takes Q. P. 14. Castles
15. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 15. Q. to K. Kt. third
16. Q. to Q. B. fifth 16. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
17. Q. B. takes P. 17. K. B. takes B.
18. K. R. takes B. 18. K. Kt. to its second
19. Kt. to K. fourth 19. K. Kt. to K. third
20. K. B. takes K. Kt. 20. Q. B. takes K. B.
21. Kt. to K. B. sixth (check) 21. K. to Kt. second
22. Q. R. takes Q. B. 22. K. B. P. takes R.
23. Kt. to K. R. fifth (check) 23. K. to R. third
24. R. takes R. 24. Q. takes Kt.
25. R. to K. B. sixth (check) 25. K. to Kt. second
26. Q. checkmates.
GAME LXVII.
Played between the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and
a strong Metropolitan Player.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. P. one
5. K. R. P. one 5. K. B. P. two
6. P. takes P. 6. Q. B. takes P.
7. Q. P.* one 7. K. Kt. to B. third
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. K. R. P. one
9. K. Kt. to K. R. fourth 9. Q. B. to K. R. second
10. B. takes K. Kt. 10. Q. takes B.
11. K. Kt. to B. third 11. Kt. to K. second
12. Q. R. P. one 12. Q. B. P. one
13. Q. to K. second 13. Castles on Q.'s side
14. Castles on Q.'s side 14. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
15. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 15. Q. B. to K. Kt. square
16. Kt. takes B. (check) 16. Q. R. P. takes Kt.
17. B. takes B. 17. K. R. takes B.
a2
228 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr.—.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
18. K. R. to K. square 18. Kt. to Q. fourth
19. K. Kt. P. one 19. Q. R. to K. B. square
20. Kt. to K. R. fourth 20. K. Kt. P. two
31. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (check) 21. K. to Q. B. second
22. Kt. to K. Kt. second 22. Q. takes K. B. P.
23. K. R. to K. second 23. Q. to B. sixth
24. Q. to K. fourth 24. Q. takes K. Kt. P.
25. Q. to K. R. seventh (check) 25. K. to Q. Kt. square
26. Q. takes K. R. P. 26. Q. R. to K. B. third
27. Q. to K. R. seventh 27. K. R. to K. B. square
28. Q. to K. fourth 28. Q. R. to K. B. eighth
29. K. R. to K. 29. Q- R. takes K. R.
30. R. takes R. 30. R. to K. B. seventh
And the game, after several moves, was won by the second player.
GAME LXVIII.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 13th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K.P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. two
5. K. P. one 5. K. B. P. one
6. Q. Kt. to R. third 6. K. Kt. to R. third
7. Q. Kt. to Q. B. second 7. Q. to Q. Kt. third
8. Q. P. two 8. Q. B. P. takes P.
9. Q. B. P. takes P. 9. K. B. checks
10. Kt. takes B. 10. Q. takes Kt. (check)
11. K. to K. B. second (a) 11. Castles
12. Q. R. P. one 12. Q. to Q. Kt. third .
13. K. to Kt. third 13. Kt. takes Q. P. (6)
14. Kt. takes Kt. 14. Q. takes Kt.
15. Q. takes Q. 15. Kt. to K. B. fourth (check)
16. K. to R. third 16. Kt. takes Q.
17. Q. Kt. P. two 17. K. B. P. takes P.
18. K. B. P. takes P. 18. Kt. to Q. B. third
19. Q. B. to Kt. second 19. K. R. to K. B. seventh
20. Q. R. to Q. Kt. 20. B. to Q. second
21. K. B. to Q. third 21. Q. R. to K. B. square
22. K. R. to K. B. square 22. Q. R. P. one
23. K. to Kt. third 23. R. takes R.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 229
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
24. R. takes R. 24. R. takes R.
25. B. takes R. 25. Kt. to K. second
26. K. B. to Q. third 26. B. to K. square
27. K. to B. fourth 27. B. to K. Kt. third
28. K. B. to K. second 28. B. to K. fifth
29. K. Kt. P. one 29. K. to B. second
30. K. B. to Q. square 30. K. R. P. one
31. K. R. P. two 31. Kt. to K. B. fourth
32. K. R. P. one 32. Kt. to K. second
33. K. Kt. P. one 33. K. to his square
34. Q. B. to Q. fourth 34. K. Kt. P. one
35. K. R. P. takes P. 35. Kt. takes P. (check)
36. K. to Kt. third 36. B. to Q. sixth
37. B. to Q. R. fourth (check) 37. K. to K. second
38. B. to Q. square 38. K. to K. B. second
39. B. to Q. R. fourth 39. Kt. to K. second
40. K. to R. fourth 40. Q. Kt. P. two
41. K. B. to Q. square 41. Kt. to Q. B. third
42. B. to Q. Kt. second 42. K. to Kt. third
43. K. to Kt. third 43. Q. R. P. one
44. Q. Kt. P. takes P. 44. Kt. takes P. at Q. R. fourth
45. K. to B. fourth 45. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
46. Q. B. to his square 46. B. to Q. Kt. eighth
47. B. to Q. Kt. third 47. B. to Q. sixth
48. B. to Q. square 48. K. to B. second
49. B. to Q. Kt. third , 49. Q. P. one
50. Q. R. P. one 50. P. takes P.
51. B. takes P. * 51. K. to his second
52. B. to Q. Kt. third 52. Kt. to R. fourth
53. B. to Q. square 53. B. to K. Kt. third
54. Q. B. to Q. second 54. Kt. to Q, B. fifth
55. Q. B. to Q. Kt. fourth (check) 55. K. to B. second
56. B. to Q. R. fourth 56. Q. P. one
57. B. to Q. B. third 57. Q. P. one
58. B. to Q. square 58. K. to K. Kt. second
59. K. to B. third 59. K. R. P. one
60. K. to B. fourth 60. K. R. P. one
61. B. to Q. fourth 61. B. to Q. Kt. eighth
62. K. to B. third 62. K. to Kt. third
63. K. to his second 63. B. to K. fifth
64. Q. B. to K. B. second 64. K. R. P. one
65. Q. B. to Kt. third 65. K. to Kt. fourth
66. Q. B. to K. R. second 66. K. takes K. Kt. P.
67. K. to K. B. second (disc, ch.) 67. K. to B. fourth
68. K. to his second 68. B. to Q. fourth
69. K. to Q. third 69. Kt. takes K. P. (check)
230 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
70. K. takes Q. P. 70. Kt. to Q. B. third (c)
71. K. to his third 71. K. P. one
72. K. to B. second 72. B. to K. Kt. seventh
73. K. to Kt. third 73. K. to his fifth
74. K. B. to K. Kt. fourth 74. K. to his sixth
75. K. B. takes K. R. P. 75. B. takes B.
76. K. takes B. 76. P. one
77. K. to Kt. second 77. K. to his seventh
78. B. to K. B. fourth 78. Kt. to K. second
79. B. to K. Kt. fifth 79. Kt. to K. B. fourth
80. B. to K. B. fourth
AND THE GAME WAS DECLARED DRAWN.
GAME LXIX.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 14th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. two
5. K. P. one 5. K. B. P. one
6. Q. Kt. to Q. R. third 6. K. Kt. to K. R. third
7. Q. Kt. to Q. B. second 7. 0, to Q. Kt. third
8. Q. P. two 8. Q. B. to Q. second
9. Q. Kt. to K. third 9. Q. B. P. takes P.
10. Q. B. P. takes P. 10. K. B. checks
11. K. to B. second 11. Castles with K. R.
12. K. to Kt. third 12. P. takes P.
13. K. B. P. takes P. 13. Q. B. to K. square
14. K. to R. third 14. Q. B. to K. R. fourth
15. K. Kt. P. two 15. Q. B. to K. Kt. third (a)
16. K. B. to K. Kt. second 16. Q. B. to K. fifth
17. K. Kt. P. one 17. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
18. Kt. takes Kt. . 18. K. R. takes Kt.
19. Q. B. to K. third 19. B. takes Kt.
20. B. takes B. 20. Kt. takes K. P.
21. K. B. to K. Kt. fourth 21. Kt. takes B.
22. Q. takes Kt. 22. Q. R. to K. B. square
23. Q. R. to K. Kt. square 23. K. B. to Q. third
24. Q. B. to his square 24. R. checks
25. K. to R. fourth 25. R. to K. B. fifth, and wins.
SOLUTIONS
TO THB
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 15.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s eighth (check) 1. R. takes Kt. or (A) or (B)
2. Q. takes Kt.'s P. (check) 2. K. to his second
3. Kt. to Q.'s seventh (discov. ch.) 3. K. to Q.'s square
4. Q. B. P. one (check) 4. K. takes Kt.
5. Q. takes R. (check) 5. K. to Q.'s third
6. K. R. mates.
(A)
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s eighth (check) 1. K. to K.'s third
2. Kt. takes K. Kt.'s P. (dis. ch.) 2. K. to B.'s second
3 R. to K.'s seventh (checkmate).
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 233
(B)
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s eighth (check) I. K. to K.'s second
2. Q. to R.'s seventh (check) 2. K. takes Kt.
3. Q. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 3. K. to Q.'s square
4. P. one square (checkmates).
No. 16.
White. Black.
1. Q. to Q. seventh (check) 1. K. takes R.
2. B. to Q. R.'s fifth (check) 2. K. to R.'s third
3. Q. to Q. B.'s sixth (check) 3. K. to R.'s second
4. B. to Q. Kt.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to R.'s third
5. B. takes P. (discov. check) 5. K. to R.'s fourth
6. Q. mates.
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234 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" G. S. S."—The circumstances under which the games referred to
were played, render the result of little importance, as an indication of the
relative merits of the players ; and " G. S. S." may rest assured that the
loser, on that occasion, is no whit inferior to his successful opponent.
" Tapperwit."—The solution of No. 3, in "The Critical Positions,"
page 153, is as follows:—White plays his Kt. from K. R.'s seventh to
K. Kt.'s fifth, attacking the adversary's Pawn at K. B.'s sixth; Black
then moves this Pawn one square. White, at his second move, plays Kt.
to King's sixth, and Black Queens his Pawn. If, then, White were to
check with his Kt., he would lose ; but, by playing it to Q. B.'s seventh,
he draws the game, since Black is compelled either to give perpetual
check, or permit his adversary to make a Queen.
" A Young Chess Player's" solution of our 23rd Problem is the
true one.
" M."—We were misinformed. Algaier, the author of " Anweisung
zum Schachspiele," has been dead some years.
" G. B,"—The " defence " to Captain Evans's game, given in Walker's
" Treatise," is not worth a rush.
" Secretary, Glasgow Chess Club."—We congratulate our cor
respondent on the flourishing prospects of the Club, and on the taste and
elegance displayed in the design which heads his promising "List of
Members."
" X. Y., Reading, Berks."—Our pages will be freely opened to
discussion upon "beginnings and endings of games," by competent
players. The " variation " on the Bishop's Gambit, with which "X. Y."
has favoured us, has been treated on at length by every writer on Chess,
from the time of Lolli.
" P. S., Hamburg."—" The Chess Player's Chronicle " can
be regularly obtained through Messrs. Nutt, the Foreign Booksellers, of
Fleet Street.
" W. N."—Upon the conclusion of Sir Frederick Madden's learned
article, the subjects named will receive immediate consideration.
We are informed that Mr. Cochrane, the author of an admirable
Treatise on Chess, and some years since the most brilliant player in the
metropolis, after a long absence in India, has just arrived in this country.
"G.W., Bath."—Received. The last five numbers of our "Chronicle"
should ere this have reached our correspondent.
" H. O."—We are not aware that Mr. Cochrane and Mr. M'Donnell
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 235
ever played together; the former played frequently with M. De la Bour-
donnais, and of their last fifty games each won twenty-five.
" G, Oxoniensis."—It is with no ordinary feelings of gratification
that we re-open a correspondence, commenced under other and less
auspicious circumstances, with our accomplished contributor. With re
spect to the leading topic of Omega's communication, viz. Cardan's *
lost book on the Game of Chess, to which we called his attention in our
private epistle, we find no hint of it in the Collectance of Twiss, nor at
this moment do we recollect that it is alluded to in the more elaborate
works of Hyde. Upon this point, however, we trust to be enabled to
satisfy ourselves before the publication of another number. In the
19th chapter,
De Propria Vita, f title
Ludus et Alea,
Cardan remarks :—
" In nulla forsan re dignus laude haberi possum : an non tam certe,
quam quod latrunculis, et alea tam immodice operam dedi ut me dignum
reprsehensione fore intelligam. Lusi per plures annos utroque modo, sed
latrunculis supra quadraginta : alea circa viginti quinque, nec solum tot
annis, sed totis diebus turpe dictu.—Multa et preclara quamquam invene-
rim in libro de latrunculis, quaedam tamen ob occupationes exciderunt—"
He states, in the general table of his works, that he wrote four books on
Games. Of these, one only, "De ludo Alea," is published. J In the
first chapter of this book he treats
"De Ludorum Generibus.
" Ludi constant, aut agilitate corporis, velut Pila : aut robore, ut Discus,
et Lucta, aut industrid ut Latrunculorum, aut fortuna, ut Aleae proprie, et
Talorum ; aut utroque, ut Fritilli. Industria aut duplex, aut ludendi, aut
certandi, velut in Primaria, nam et Chartarum ludus nomen subit Alea,
quod antiquo tempore Chart* ignotse essent : imo, et Materia, qua confi-
ciuntur. Indicio est, quod scriberent in pergamenis coriis, scilicet haedo-
rum et papyro jBgyptia, et tabulis, et csera et Philira. Dicitur autem Pri-
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 224.)
This corresponds very well with the different shapes offered to us
by the Chess-men, which seem to indicate that period, when the
ancient and precise form of the conical helm and nasal began to be
laid aside, but not wholly superseded. Some of the figures wear
plain flat or round scull-caps, whilst others have a broad rim to them.
All these come under the denomination of Stdl-hufer, mentioned in
AND CHESS PLAYER S CHRONICLE. 237
the Speculum, which were made without any defence to the face.*
Such a cap is represented in the figure engraved by Reenhielm, from
the ancient MS. of the Laws of Gula,f and a similar one was for
merly suspended over the tomb of King Olaf of Sweden. I A figure
also in the curious roll of the Legend of St. Guthlac, of the twelfth
century, exhibits the union of the nasal with the flat cap ; § and it is
more distinctly seen on the monument of Geoffry Magnaville, Earl of
Essex, in the Temple Church, who died in 1144. || But even in the
fourteenth century, the conic helmet had not been entirely discarded, as
shown by the illuminations in the celebrated book of Flatey.1T A head
piece worn by one of the Warders is of a very remarkable shape, and
precisely resembles the one in which King Eric of Sweden is repre
sented, in the paintings which surround his tomb in the Cathedral of
Upsala, in which likewise various other species of the stdLhufer appear.
This monarch died in 1160, but the paintings were probably executed
after his translation in 1273.** It is, indeed, highly probable, that among
the people of the North fewer and slower changes took place in regard
to their military equipments than among the Normans or the English ;
and this may account for the appearance of these round or pot-caps,
which were so much the fashion at a later period. In ancient times, the
helmets of the Kings of Norway were gilt, as shown by the poetic Edda
of Samund ;ff by the Herverar Saga, cap. 19; by Nial's Saga, cap. 85 ; and
by many passages of Snorre. Sometimes, but at a later period, they bore
a cross depicted on them.JJ
The body armour of the Chess-pieces is of two descriptions : the wad
ded linen cloth or wambais, worn by the Knights ; and the tunic of mail,
with or without a hood, in which some of the Warders are dressed : of
the antiquity of both descriptions of these war-garments there can be
no question, since we find them mentioned by Greek and Roman
writers.§§
The wambeys, gambeson, or panzar, (for they are one and the same,
derived from Teutonic terms signifying the belly,) was composed of stout
linen cloth, stuffed or wadded with tow or cotton, descending almost to
• V. Einerson's Note, Spec. Reg. p. 406.
t Thorsten's Vikings-sons Saga, p. 85.
t Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna, tom. i. pl. 28, fbl.
§ Chart. Cott. Y. 6. Strutt's Dresses, pl. 43.
H Dngd. Bar. i. 203. Gough's Sepulchr. Mon. p. cv. Stothard's Monumental
Effigies, pl. x. The flat or pot helmet is also very distinctly marked in the monument
of William the Norman, Count of Flanders, who died in 1128 ; and this seems to be
the earliest instance of it. Ured. Sig. Com. Flandr. p. 14.
f Haco's Expedition against Scotland, by Johnstone, 12mo. 1782, Pre/.
** Peringskiold, Mon. Suev.—Goth. fol. Stockh. 1710.
tt Vol. ii. p. 363, ed. 4to. Havn. 1818.
H Heimskringla, i. 764 ; Montf. Monum. i. pl. 50.
§§ Lips, de Mil. Rom. lib. iii. dial. 6.
238 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
the knees, and worn, either by itself, or together with the tunic of mail,
beneath or above, according to the fashion more or less coarse in which
it was made.* It seems to be scarcely distinguishable from the
hanketon, which Sir Samuel Meyrick believes to have been derived from
the Saracens/t" By the passage already quoted from the Speculum, it
seems to have been without sleeves when worn over the mail ; but when
used by itself, it certainly had sleeves, as in the instances of the Chess
men, and other authorities. John of Salisbury tells us, that in the
reign of Henry the Second, the English knights had them made so
tight, that they seemed to sit on the body like the skin of the wearer. J
He speaks of them either as linen or silk, which refers to the exterior
facing of the garment.
Of the same materials it was fashioned among the Scandinavians ; and
hence it easily appears, how the panzar, when worn as outer garment,
became, by degrees, the armorial surcoat. Snorre, in speaking of King
Olaf Tryggvason, says he was conspicuous with a gold shield and helmet,
and wore a kirtle of red colour (randan kyrtil) above his mail (brynio).§
But the Monk Oddr, from whom he copies, and who died in 1200, calls
it a red silk kirtle (raudum sijlki hyrtli,) which resembled a fair rose.||
So in a battle against the Vends, at Hlyskogs heythe, King Magnus the
Good takes off his tunic of mail (hringa-brynio), and puts on a red silk
shirt (raudan silki skyrta) ; then, taking his battle-axe, he rushes into the
fight. The shirt here spoken of was evidently a gambeson, since other
wise it would have afforded no protection. This garment was sometimes
called hiup (the juppe of the French) ; such, for instance, as was wove
for Ragnar Lodbrog by Aslauga;H and a similar vest, impenetrable
to the sword, was received by Orvar Oddr from a lady in Ireland.**
Other examples may be found in Steenhielm's notes to Thorsten's Saga,
and in Thorkelin's Fragments relating to English History. He supposes
the use of silk derived by the Northmen from Constantinople. At the
period of the crusades, silken and furred surcoats were generally worn,
as is apparent from Albert of Aix's description of the French knights. ff
* See Meyrick's Dissertation on this species of armour, Archaologia, xix. p. 210,
seq., in which it is to be regretted a stricter chronological arrangement of authorities
has not been adopted. Wachter is certainly mistaken in explaining the panzar to be
of iron.
t Ancient Armour, vol. i. p. 48.
f He says they only studied, " ut lineas suas vestesve sericas sic perstringant et
torqueant, ut quasi cutem cerusatam aliis succis obnoxiam carni faciant cohsrere."—
Polycrat. lib. vi. 3.
§ Cap. 122, tom. i. p. 337, ed. Schon. See also Nial's Saga, cap. 85, 4to. Hafn.
1809.
|| Cap. 65, p. 228, ed. Reenh.
If Thorkelin's Fragments, p. 6.
** Herverar Saga, p. 3] , 4to. Havn. 1785.
tt Gesta Dei per Francos, i. 203. Cf. Mills, i. 466.
AND CHESS PLATER'S CHRONICLE. 239
It may be added, that, in the twelfth century, the workmanship of the
North in the fabrication of body armour was in high estimation, since
the author of Sverris Saga, after telling us that the men who guarded
Stalvard's ship wore steel caps (stdlhufu) and gambesons (panzara), adds,
that they were all of Gothic manufacture.*
Mail armour, consisting of rings or plates of iron or brass, fastened on
folds of linen, seems to have been known to the inhabitants of the
North long before the dawn of literature among them, and is repeatedly
alluded to in the most ancient of their writings. The general term
applied to the tunic of mail was brynio, Saxon byrne, which in all pro
bability was derived from the colour of the metal of which it was com-
posed.f In what respect the common brynio differed from the hringa-
brynio or lorica annulata, is not easy to define, but it appears to have
been what is termed mascled or trettised armour, X as exhibited in the
dress of the Chess-Warders. Such a defence is, perhaps, alluded to in
the Volunda-quida, where the term, "nailed byrnies,"§ is employed, in
reference to the studs or nails which fastened the intersecting mascles
or pieces of wire. A specimen of the hringa-brynio is preserved in the
Royal Museum at Copenhagen, which is ascribed to the eleventh century. ||
It covered the head, body, and arms, and descended to the knees. This
was the usual shape of the brynio, whether mascled or ringed, and
is well exemplified in several of the Chess-men. Of this description was
the tunic worn by Harald Hardraad, in his battle against Harald of
England, in 1066. It was called Emma, says the historian Snorre, and
was so long, that it came to the middle of the thigh, and so strong, that
no weapon could penetrate it. IF But it left the throat in some measure
unprotected, and here it was Harald received his death wound. There
is some reason to believe that the Norwegians may have borrowed this
species of armour, together with their kite-shaped shields, from the
Franks, who from the eighth century were a far more polished people
than the rest of their Gothic brethren. In the Bayeux tapestry the steel
armour consists either of flat rings, or mascles, placed contiguously, and
at the close of the eleventh century, both ringed and scaled armour were
worn by the French knights, as we learn from Anna Comnena.** Ex-
• Noregs Konunga Sogor, tom. iv. p. 286. We are told by Snorre, in Olaf
Helga's Saga, c. 204, that Thorer caused twelve tunics to be made by the Fins, of
rein-deer skins, which were so contrived by magic art, as to be stronger than mail
(hringa-brynio) and impenetrable to a sword.
t V. Ihre, in v.
t Archasologia, xix. pp. 121, 126 ; Cf. Reenhielm's Notes, ubi supr. p. 88.
§ Negldar brynior. The Editor says, " Loricas clavis sive bullls auratis ornata
intelligo."—Edda Samund. ii. 9, ed. 4to. 1818.
|| Museum Begium, pt. ii. § ii. 95.
IT Harald Hardrade's Saga, cap. 94.
** P. 397. She calls the tunic x"^" ff'SjjpoOs nplKos liriKpUu jrepiirtjrAe'y/iei'os.
240 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
amples of the mascled tunic or hauberk, with sleeves and hood, resembling
those on the Warders, may be found in the French illuminations of the
twelfth century, MSS. Cott. Cal. A. vii., Nero, c. iv., in the English Roll
of St. Guthlac's Miracles, Chart. Cott. Y. 6, and in D'Ebulo's Poem on
the Conquest of Sicily by the Emperor Henry the Sixth.
There are two existing monuments in relation to the Danes, which
may naturally claim a slight notice here. The first is a reliquary, en
graved in Strutt's Habits of the People of England, vol. 1, pL 24,* repre
senting the murder of Theodore, Abbot of Croyland, in 890, by Oscytel
and his companions, and supposed to have been executed not long after
wards. The figures here appear bare-headed, in tunics or gambesons,
which descend to the knees, and which seem to have borders of mail, or
perhaps a shirt of mail beneath. They wear breeches and leg-guards,
which are attached together ; but from the engraving it is difficult to de
termine whether the material be of linen, leather, or iron. The other
document I refer to is a MS. formerly in the library of Mr. Towneley,-f-
written in the time of Anselm, Abbot of St. Edmund's, who died in 1148.
In this the Danes are every where drawn bare-headed, or with conical
caps ; they wear a linen tunic or gambeson, which reaches to the middle
of the thigh; they have no breeches; and their feet are covered by
leathern galoshes, through which their toes are thrust. + On the whole,
these Northmen, so depicted, bear a far greater resemblance to the
" rugh-fute rivetings " of Minot, than to the iron-clad and gilded heroes
of the Sagas ; and we may suspect that the pious Abbot, or his deli
neator, drew them in this manner, in order to excite contemptible ideas
of the murderers of St. Edmund.
(To be continued in our next Number.)
GAME LXX.
Fine Game, played last week, at Goode's Chess Divan, between the
Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and M. Zytogorski, a
skilful Amateur, from Poland ; the former giving the odds of " Pawn
and move."—The K. B. P. of Black must be taken from the board.
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. two 2. K. P. two
3. Q. B. P. one 3. P. takes P.
4. P. takes P. 4. B. checks
5. Q. B. to Q. second 5. B. takes B.
6. Kt. takes B. 6. K. Kt. to B. third (a)
vol. I.—n. s. K
242 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
7. K. P. one 7. Q. to K. second
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. Q. P. one
g. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 9. Castles
10. B. takes Kt. 10. P. takes B.
11. Castles 11. Q. P. takes K. P.
12. Q. P. takes P. 12. Kt. to Q. fourth
13. Q. to Q. B. square (6) 13. Q. B. to Q. second
14. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 14. Kt. to K. B. fourth
15. Kt. to K. B. sixth (check) (r) 15. Q. takes Kt. (rf)
16. P. takes Q. 16. Kt. to K. seventh (check)
17. K. to R. square 17. Kt. takes Q.
18. Kt. to K. fifth 18. Q. R. to Q. (e)
19. P. one (check) (/) 19. K. to R. square
20. Q: R. takes Kt. 20. B. to K. third
21. R. takes P. 21. B. takes the P. at K. B. second
22. Kt. takes B. (check) 22. R. takes Kt.
23. R. to Q. B. second (g) 23. K. R. P. one
24. K. Kt. P. one 24. Q. R. to ft: third
25. K. to Kt. second 25. K. to R. second
26. K. R to Q. B. 26. K. R. to K. B. third
27. K. B. P. (two) (ft) 27. Q. B. P. one
28. R. to K. B. 28. K. to Kt. third
29. K. R. to K. B. second 29. K. R. to K. B. fourth
30. K. R. to Q. second 30. K. R. to Q. fourth
31. R. takes R. 31. P. takes R.
32. K. to B. third 32. K. to B. third
33. K. R. P. one 33. R. to Q. second
34. KL to K. third 34. K. to K. second
35. K. to Q. fourth 35. K. to «. third
36. R. to Q. B. fifth 36. K. to K. third
37. K. B. P. one (check) 37. K. takes P.
38. R. takes Q. P. (check) 38. R. takes R.
39. K. takes R. 39. K. R. P. one
40. Q. Kt. P. two 40. K. Kt. P. two
41. Q. R. P. two 41. K. R. P. one
42. P. takes P. 42. P. takes P.
43. Q. R. P. one 43. K. to B. fifth
44. Q. Kt. P. one 44. K. to Kt. sixth
45. Q. Kt. P. one 45. Q. R. P. takes P.
46. Q. R. P. one 46. K. takes K. R. P.
47. Q. R. P. one 47- K. to Kt. seventh
48. Q. R. P. one (becoming a Q.) 48. K. R. P. one
49. K. to his fourth (discov. ch.) 49. K. to Kt. eighth
50. K. to K. B. fifth 50. K. R. P. one
51. K. to K. Kt. sixth 51. K. R. P. becomes a Kt. and
52. K. to K. B. sixth checks (i)
AND THE SECOND PLAYER RESIGNED.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
Notes to Game LXX.
(a) Black would have played ill in taking the Queen's Pawn.
(b) We should have preferred bringing another piece into action, by
moving Q. R. to Q. B. square.
(c) Very cleverly played.
(rf) It would not have been good play to have taken the Knight with
the Rook or Pawn.
(e) Instead of this move, Black should have played his Knight to
Queen's sixth square en prise of the adverse Knight, and he would then
have gained a Pawn, since his opponent, by taking the Bishop, must have
lost a piece.
(/) White would, in no respect, have improved his position by taking
the K. Kt.'s P. with this Pawn.
(jO The young player will perceive that Black threatened to take the
K. B.'s Pawn with his K.'s Rook, and, if his adversary took the piece, to
mate with his other Rook next move.
(A) White might have taken the Q. B.'s Pawn, and, upon his opponent
playing Q.'s Rook to Q.'s seventh, have retired his K.'s Rook to K. B.'s
square, gaining two Pawns for one ; it would, however, have been very
difficult for him to have preserved the Q. R.'s Pawn, and, therefore, the
course of play adopted was, perhaps, the more judicious one.
(i) It must be evident, even to a beginner, that, if Black had claimed
a Queen for his Pawn, he would have been mated next move.
, GAME LXXI.
By the same Players ; Black giving the Pawn and Move.
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. Kt. to R. third
2. Q. P. two 2. K. Kt. to B. second
3. K. B. P. two 3. Q. P. two
4. K. P. one 4. K. P. one
5. K. B. to Q. third 5. Q. B. P. two
6. Q. B. P. one 6. P. takes P.
7. P. takes P. 7. Q. Kt. to B. third
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. K. B. checks
9. Q. B. to Q. second 9. Q. to Q. Kt. third
10. Q. B. to Q. B. third 10. Q. B. to Q. second
11. Castles 11. B. takes B.
12. P. takes B. 12. Q. R. to Q. B.
13. K. Kt. to Kt. fifth 13. Kt. takes Kt.
14. K. B. P. takes Kt. 14. Kt. takes K. P.
15. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 15. Kt. P. one
16. Q. to K. R. sixth 16. Kt. takes B.
k2
24,4 THE BRITIIB MI8CELLAN T,
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
17. Q. to K. Kt. seventh 17. Q. to Q. Kt. seventh
18. Q. takes R. (check) 18. K. to K. second
19. Q. takes K. R. P. (check) 19. K. to Q. third
20. Q. takes K. Kt. P. 20. Q. takes Q. R. (a)
21. Q. takes Kt. 21. Q. takes Q. R. P.
22. Q. to K. Kt. third (check) 22. K. to Q. B. third
23. P. at K. Kt. fifth, one sqr. 23. R. to K. Kt. square
24. K. R. P. two 24. Q. to K. seventh
25. Q. to K. Kt. fifth 25. Q. to Q. sixth
26. K. R. P. one 26. B. to K. square
27. K. Kt. P. one 27. B. takes K. R. P.
28. Q. takes B. 28. Q. to K. sixth (check)
29. K. to R. second 29. R. takes P.
30. Q. to K. R. third 30. Q. to K. fifth
31. Q. Kt. to Q. second 31. Q. to K. R. second (6)
32. Q. takes Q. 32. R. takes Q. (check)
33. K. to K. Kt. third 33. Q. R. P. two
34. R. to K. square 34. K. to Q. third
35. Kt. to Q. Kt. third (c) 35. Q. Kt. P. one
36. R. to K. third 36. R. to K. B. second (rf)
37. R. to K. B. third 37. R. to K. R. second
38. R. to K. B. square 38. R. to Q. B. second
39. R. to K. B. third 39. R. to K. R. second
40. Kt. to Q. second 40. R. to Q. R. second
41. R. to K. B. square 41. R. to Q. B. second
42. R. to Q. B. square 42. K. P. one
43. P. takes P. (check) 43. K. takes P.
44. Kt. to K. B. third (check) 44. K. to K. fifth
45. K. to B. second 45. K. to Q. sixth
46. K. Kt. P. two 47. Q. R. P. one
DRAWN OAMB.
GAME LXXII.
Played between Mr. St—n and a Member of a leading Provincial
Chess Club.
White. (Mr. St—n.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Castles 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. K. P. one 7. Q. takes P.
8. Q. P. one 8. K. B. to R. third
9. Q. Kt. to B. third 9. Q. B. P. one
10. Q. B. takes P. (a) 10. Q. to Q. fifth (check)
11. K. to R. square 11. B. takes B.
12. Q. R. to K. square (check) 12. K. Kt. to K. second
13. R. to K. fourth 13. Q. to K. Kt. second
14. Q. takes B. 14. Q. P. two
15. B. takes Q. P. 15. P. takes B.
16. R. takes Kt. (check) (J) 16. K. takes R.
17. Kt. takes P. (check) 17. K. to K. third (c)
18. Q. to K. fourth (check) 18. K. to Q. second (d)
19. Q. to Q. seventh (check) 19. K. to Q. B. third
20. Q. to Q. B. seventh (check) 20. K. takes Kt.
21. Q. B. P. two (check) 21. K. to Q. fifth
22. Q. to Q. sixth (check) 22. K. to K. sixth
23. Q. to K. B. fourth (check) 23. K. takes Q. P.
And White may now give mate in two moves.
GAME LXXIII.
Between the same Competitors.
White. (Mr. St—NO Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
fi. Castles 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. K. P. one 7. Q. takes K. P.
8. Q. P. one 8. K. B. to R. third
9. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 9. Q. B. P. one
10. Q. B. takes P. 10. Q. takes B.
11. Q. to K. R. fifth 11. Q. to her fifth (check)
12. K. to R. square 12. Q. P. tWO ' -
13. Q. takes K. B. P. (check) 13. K. to Q. square
14. Q. R. to Q. square 14. Q. B. to Q. second
15. B. takes Q. P. 15. P. takes B.
16. Kt. takes P. 16. Q. to K. Kt. second (a)
17. Q. to K. R. fifth 17. Q. to K. Kt. third
18. Q. to K. R. fourth (check) 18. K. to Q. B. square (6)
19. K. R. to K. B. sixth (c) 19. Q. to K. Kt. second
20. Q. to Q. B. fourth (check) 20. Q. Kt. to B. third
21. R. takes Kt. (check) 31. B. takes R. (d)
22. Q. R. to K. eighth (check) 22. K. to Q. second
23. R. takes Q. R. 23. Q. to K. fourth
24. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (check) 24. K. to Q. third (e)
25. R. to Q. eighth (check) 25. K. to Q. B. fourth
26. Q. mates. (/)
GAME LXXIV.
Between Mr. Cochrane and another Member of the London Chess Club.
[The subjoined Game, although played with haste and want of due
consideration, will not be without interest to our readers, from the fact
of its being the first partie played by Mr. Cochrane for many years ;
and, as affording a hope, that this distinguished player intends resuming
the practice of a Game in which he has acquired such eminence.]
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. Cochrane.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. P. one
3. Q. P. two 3. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
4. Q. P. takes P. 4. B. takes Kt.
5. Q. takes B. 5.. P. takes P.
6. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 6. Q. to K. second
7. Castles 7. Q. Kt. to Q. second
8. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third 8. K. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 9. K. R. P. one
10. B. takes Kt. 10. Kt. takes B.
11. Q. R. to Q. 11. Q. B. P. one
12. K. R. P. one 12. Q. R. to Q.
13. Q. to K. third 13. R. takes R.
14. R. takes R. 14. Q. to Q. B. fourth
15. Q. to Q. third 15. B. to K. second
16. B. to Q. Kt. third 16. Castles
17. Q. to K. Kt. third 17. Kt. to K. R. fourth
18. Q. to K. Kt. sixth 18. Kt. to K. B. fifth
19. Q. to K. B. fifth 19. K. Kt. P. one
20. Q. to Kt. fourth 20. K. R. P. one
21. Q. to K. Kt. third 21. Q. Kt. P. two
22. Q. R. P. one 22. Q. R. P. two
23. Q. to K. B. third 23. K. to Kt. second
24. R. to Q. seventh 24. R. to Q.
25. R. takes R. 25. B. takes R.
26. K. to R. second 26. K. R. P. one
27. K. Kt. P. one 27. P. takes P. (check)
28. P. takes P. 28. B. to Q. Kt. third
29- Q. to K. B. square 29. Kt. to K. third
30. K. R. P. one 30. Kt. to ft. square
31. Q. to K. second 31. Q. to K. Kt. eighth (check)
32. K. to R. third 32. Q. Kt. P. one
33. P. takes P. 33. P. takes P.
34. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 34. B. to K. B. seventh
35. Q. to Q. third 35. Kt. to Q. Kt. second
36. K. to Kt. fourth 36. Kt. to Q. third
37. Q. to K. B. third 37. K. B. P. one
248 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. Cochrane.)
38. Q. B. P. one 38. Kt. takes K. P.
39. Q. B. P. takes P. 39. K. B. P. one (check)
40. K. to R. third 40. B. takes K. Kt P.
41. Q. to K. Kt. second 41. Kt. to K. B. seventh (check)
42. K. takes B. 42. K. B. P. one (check)
43. K. to B. third 43. K. P. one (check)
AND BLACK HERB RESIGNED.
This game was played but a few days since, at the London Chess Club,
and we must not omit to mention that we are indebted for it to the
politeness of the Secretary of that Club, who took the moves down for
our " Chronicle," directly after its conclusion.
GAME LXXV.
Between Mr. C. T. and another Amateur of Salisbury; the former
giving "a Pawn and two Moves."
{Black's K. B. P. must be taken from the board.)
White. (Mr. —.) Black. (Mr. C.T.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q.. P. two 2. K. P. two
3. Q. P. one 3. Q. Kt. to K. second
4. K. B. P. two 4. P. takes P.
5. Q. B. takes P. 5. Q. P. one
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. K. Kt. to B. third
7. K. B. to Q. third 7. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 8. K. B. to K. second
9. Castles 9. Castles
10. Q. B. P. two 10. Q. B. P. one
11. Q. to Q. B. second 11. P. takes P.
12. K. P. takes P. 12. Q. Kt. to K. R. square
13. K. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth 13. K. Kt. P. one
14. Q. Kt. to Q. second 14. K. Kt. to Kt. fifth
15. R. takes R. (check) 15. Q. takes R.
16. Q. R. to K. B. square 16. Q. to K. Kt. second
17. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 17. Q. to Q. fifth (check)
18. K. to R. square 18. Kt. to K. B. seventh (check)
19. R. takes Kt. 19. Q. takes R.
20. K. Kt. P. one 20. B. takes Kt.
21. B. takes B. 21. Q. B. to K. R. sixth
22. K. B. to his square 22. B. takes B.
AND, AT THIS POINT, WHITE RESIGNED.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 249
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 17.
White. Black.
1. B. takes P. (check) 1. K. to his fourth
2. K. R. checks 2. K. to his third
3. Q. R. to K. B.'s square ; then 3. If the Kt. is played to K.'s (a)
fourth
4. R. to K. B.'s sixth, (discov. 4. If the B. to B.'s second
check and mate)
4. R. to Q.'s fifth (discov. check
and mate)
(a) By playing the Kt. to K. B.'s fifth, instead of to the square men
tioned, the mate may be delayed another move.—[Ed.]
250 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
No. 18.
White. Black.
1. Q.'s P. one (check) 1. K. takes P., or moves to B.'
fourth
2. Q. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 2. K. to K.'s fifth
3. K. B. P. one (check) 3. K. to Q.'s sixth
4. Q. to K. B.'s fifth (check) 4. K. P. one
^5. Q. takes K.'s P. (cheek) 5. K. takes Q. B. P.
6. Q. takes Q., and wins.
- NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" W. R., Glasgow Chess Club."—We are much pleased with the
six solutions. " W. R." is right in his supposition respecting the first
Problem in the New Series.
" A Young Chess Player."—The Problem, No. 12, for Young
Players, is printed correctly, but the solution given is not the proper
one; it should have been as follows:—1st. White Knight to K. B.'s
fourth (check) ; Black King to his fourth ; White King to B.'s third ; and
then, play as he may, Black will be mated next move.
We take this opportunity of requesting contributors to favour us with
solutions of the problems they send for insertion in this Magazine.
" J. S. W."—The move suggested for Black, in No. 5 of the Problems
for Young Players, would ensure mate next move from the adverse
Knight. In his attempted solution of Problem No. 13, " J. S. W."
failed to perceive that Black, at his second move, instead of playing King
to Rook's fifth, may take the Queen with Rook ; and, at his third move,
when the Bishop checks, can take the Bishop, if he chooses, with his
Knight. If, after another trial, our correspondent finds the solution be
yond him, he may obtain it by applying to the publisher.
" X. Y., Ries' Grand Divan."—We are unacquainted with the ages
of the two players named. , . .
" E. H. A., Portland Place."—First. The completion of the article
on " The Automaton Chess Player," has been postponed in the
expectation that we shall be enabled to illustrate the mechanism of the
figure by plates.—Secondly. M. Petrof's Problem, with the amended
conditions, has reached us, but there is some inaccuracy in it, which the
inventor only can rectify.—Thirdly. Reprints of Stratagems, by the best
authors, have made way for original and other matter of greater interest ;
they will appear^occasionally.—Fourthly. The errors and absurdities
of the Chess-book alluded to require a more extended commentary than
we have, at present, space for ; a notice of it, however, will be given
during the approaching season for Chess-play.—Fifthly. The games
between the Clubs of Liverpool and Leeds have already appeared in print.
" R. A. B., Leeds."—Many and cordial thanks for the prompt reply.
Send the games at the first convenient opportunity,
" S. C," "Observer," and "Amateur."—We are obliged and
flattered by the manifestations of interest in our well-doing, which the
" hints " and " recommendations " evince ; but our friendly advisers will
forgive us reminding them that their suggestions are valuable only in
proportion to their practicability.
252 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
" A. Z., near Leamington."—Upon the terms mentioned on the
wrapper the "Chess Chronicle" may be received, per post, by
" A. Z." early on Friday morning.
" Critic."—In the opinion of the best judges, De la Bourdonnais,
during the last few weeks of his life, played at least a pawn and move
weaker than when blessed with health and vigour. Neither of the
amateurs named had an opportunity of playing with him.
" R. M."—We think has fairly classed the three players named: the
first is unquestionably the best ; next to him stands " No. 2 ; " while the
last mentioned individual, without the qualifications to rise beyond
" a pawn and two moves " player, may shine pre-eminently in the
third-rate rank.
" — Velut inter ignes
Luna minores. —"
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
{Continued from p. 240.)
The shields of the Knights and Warders are highly curious, as pre
senting to us a series of devices (the immediate precursors of hereditary
armorial bearings), in greater variety than is to be found on any other
existing monuments. From the very earliest period, the Gothic nations
were accustomed to paint their shields of various colours ; * and, from
the Romans, they might easily have learned to adopt different insignia.
From some passages in the Voluspa,f Saxo,X and Egil's Saga,§ it has
been assumed, by many of the Northern antiquaries, that the ancient
Scandinavians adorned their shields with representations of their ex
ploits ;|| but Sperlingius, in his collections on the subject, IT argues
strongly against it, and affirms, that, before the twelfth century, no trace
of any devices on shields is to be found among them. The use of
* Nial's-Saga, cap. 93, p. 306, ed. 4to. Havn. 1809. Sperlingius is mistaken in re
ferring this Saga to the fourteenth century. See also ArngT. Jon. Crymog. c. ii. 663.
t Meyrick's Ancient Armour, i. 35.
X TJred. Sig. Com. Flandr. p. 14.
§ Gough's Sep. Mon. p. cv.
|| Montfaucon, Mon. Franf. tom. ii. pl. 12.
IT Meyrick, i. 36. In Henry the Second's time, it was the fashion to paint and gild
the shield very highly. Job. Sarisb. Policrat. lib. vi. c. 3. Nicolas, son of Sigurd Ran,
says Snorre, used a red shield, ornamented with stars, (circ. 1175).—Magnus Erling-
son's Saga, cap. 40, tom. iii. p. 445.
** Nial's-Saga, cap. 63, p. 199.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 255
the hall of Kiars."* Frequent mention is made in the Sagas of French
swords, French helmets, and French coats of mail ; + and Wace, in the
Roman de Rou, says that Rollo and his companions :—
" Ckevals quistrent et armes h la guise franchoise,
Quer lor semblont e plus riche e plus cortoise;"J
At the end of the eleventh century these shields are thus minutely
described by Anna Comnena, in speaking of the French knights :—
" For defence they bear an impenetrable shield, not of a round, but of
an oblong shape, broad at the upper part, and terminating in a point
(06 irtpupepiis aWa Svpths airh irAarUrdVou aptdficvos Kal eh o£b KaraAfyya»').
The surface is not flat but convex, so as to embrace the person of the
wearer ; and the exterior face is of metal, so highly polished by frequent
rubbing, with an umbo of shining brass in the middle, as to dazzle the
eyes of the beholder. §
An ancient shield, of this description, is preserved in the Royal
Museum at Copenhagen, which was excavated at Roldal, near Hardangr,
in Norway. Its length is four feet, by two in width, and it is composed
of two layers of boards (tuibyrding), each half an inch in thickness, the
outermost placed longitudinally, the innermost horizontally ; the surface
is protected by a covering of leather, slightly figured, and in the interior
are three handles of the same material, fastened with iron nails, the
heads of which appear on the outside. This shield is convex, and
gradually decreases in width towards the lower end. Olaus Wormius, to
whom it once belonged, mentions another similar to it, which was sent
him from Ireland, as a relic of Danish antiquity. The author of the
Museum Regium supposes it might have been brought by the Northmen
from France, after their conquests there ; but remarks, that a similar
shield was used by Earl Skute of Norway, about the year 1239. || In
Abbot Anselm's MS., before referred to, the Danes are likewise repre
sented with kite-shaped shields, on which are various figures. This
kite-shaped shield became by degrees wider at the top, as may be seen in
the cases of some of the Warders, and, towards the close of the twelfth
century, became considerably shortened; an instance of which is afforded
on the seal of Earl Magnus, son of Benedict, about a.d. 1196.IT
One peculiarity, with regard to these figures of the Warders, and
which serves to confirm, in no small degree, my belief that they are of
* jltia-Quida, vol. ii. p. 370. This Kiars was a regulus of Gaul, who lived in the
sixth century. Cf. Volunda Quida, and Suhm's Hist. Krit. torn. ix. pp. 88, 425.
t Cf. Snorre, i. 95, and Index to Orkneyinga Saga, p. 283, in. v. Valska* .
\ Vol. i. p. 65. . ... , . .
§ Alexiad. lib. xiii. p. 314. In the Herverar Saga, Arngrim is said to have had a
shield of large size, strengthened with plates of iron (storum jdrnol&m), cap. 3.
|| Mus. Reg. pt. ii. § iii. 23. Cf. Mus. Worm. p. 370, and Sago Hakonar Konung,
Hakonar-sonar. cap. 238, 242.
T Peringskiold, Att'dlar far Swta och G'otha Konunga Hus. p. 72.
5256 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Norwegian or Icelandic workmanship, is the singular manner in which
they are represented biting their shields. Now this was a characteristic
of the Scandinavian Berserkar, who were unarmed warriors, subject to fits
of madness on the eve of a battle, under the influence of which they per
formed the most extraordinary feats. Snorre Sturleson, in his Heim-
kringla, thus describes them :—"The soldiers of Odin went forth to the
combat without armour, raging like dogs or wolves, biting their shields,
and in strength equal to furious bulls or bears. Their enemies they laid
prostrate at their feet ; neither fire nor weapon harmed them ; this frenzy
was called Berserksgangr."* So also the historian Saxo, in speaking of the
sons of Syvald, writes, This man had seven sons so expert in the art of
magic, "ut saepe subites furoris viribus instincti, solerent ore torvum
infremere, scuta morsibus attrectare, torridas fauce prunas absumere, ex-
tructa quavis incendia penetrare : nec posset conceptus dementia motus
alio remedii genere quam aut vinculorum injuriis aut caedis humans
piaculo temperari."f And in another passage, where Hartben Helsing
sees his champions defied by Haitian, in a fit of madness he bites furiously
the edge of his shield. J The same feat is practised in the Herverar Saga
by the sons of Arngrim, when preparing to fight with Hialmar and Oddr
Vinforla.§ From these authorities it is evident, that, although the
sculptor of the Chess-men did not, from obvious reasons, fashion these
pieces without armour, as was strictly the case with the race of men
called Berserkar, (whence their name, qu. Bare-shirt, is derived,) yet that
he evidently intended, by retaining one of the principal symptoms which
always accompanied these ancient fits .of warlike frenzy, to designate the
impetuosity and valour of the champions on the mimic field of battle,
which the Chess-board was supposed to represent.
On the swords and spears of the Chess-figures, it will be unnecessary
to dwell long. They are known to have been used by all the Gothic
nations, and were long and heavy. They had, besides, a shorter sword,
which was called sax. ||
(To be continued in our next Number.)
* Ynglinga Saga, cap. 6, tom. i. p. 11. Cf. Barthol. Antiq. Dan. p. 345 ; Verelii
Index Ling. Scytho-Scand. iu v. Berserkr ; and the Annotations De Berserkti at the
end of KrUtni-Saga, p. 142, 4to. Harn. 1773.
f Hist. Dan. lib. vii. p. 123.
% lb. lib. vii. p. 124.
$ P. 25, ed. 4to. Hafn. 1785. Cf. p. 35.
|| V. Notas Beenhielmi ad Thorsten's Vikings-son's Saga, p. 85, and the collections
of Sperlingius, MS. Add. 5183, f. 56.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 257
Slat*.
HP
. 11* #
11 11
mm i Q PI
iff
■ H ■ KJ
111 HP
ill 1 jLfll
HP
■ ■
IIP
IP B
hh
in
1.1 ■
BKhttc.
GAME LXXVI.
Played by the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and a
skilful Provincial Amateur. The former giving the Pawn and two
Moves.— White's K. B. P. must be takenfrom the board.
Black. (Amateur.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. and Q. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. K. B. to Q. third 2. K. Kt. P. one
3. K. R. P. two (a) 3. Q. P. two
4. K. R. P. one 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. K. R. P. one 5. B. to K. second (6)
6. Q. checks 6. K. to Q. second
7. K. P. takes P. 7. P. takes P.
VOl. I.—N. S.
'258 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY.
Black. (Amateur.) White. (Hon. Sec.)
8. K. B. to K. B. fifth (check) 8. K. to Q. B. third
9. B. takes Q. B. 9. Q. takes B.
10. B. takes K. Kt. P. 10. Q. to K. third (check)
11. B. toK. third 11. Kt. to Q. second
12. K. Kt. to B. third 12. K. Kt.toB. third
13. Kt. to K. fifth (check) 13. K. to Kt. third
14. Kt. takes Kt. (check) 14. Kt. takes Kt.
15. Kt. to Q. B. third (e) 15. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
16. Q. R. P. one 16. B. takes Kt. (check)
17. P. takes B. 17- Q. R. P. one
18. Q. R. checks 18. K. to Q. R. second
19. Q. to K. second 19. K. R. to K. Kt.
20. K. Kt. P. one 20. Q. R. to K.
21. Q. to Q third 21. Kt. to K. B. third
22. K. R. to R. fourth 22. Q. to Q. third
23. K. to Q. second 23. Kt. to K. fifth (check)
24. R. takes Kt. 24. R. takes R.
25. P. to Q. B. fourth 25. K. R. to K.
26. P. to Q. B. third (<*) 26. Q. P. takes P.
27. Q. takes P. 27. Q. Kt. P. one
28. Q. to Kt. fourth (e) 28. Q. to K. third
29. Q. R. P. one 29. Q. R. P. one
30. Q. to Kt. third 30. R. takes B.
31. P. takes R. 31. Q. takes P. (check)
32. K. to B. second 32. Q. to K. B. seventh (check)
AND THE FIRST PLAYER RESIGNED.
GAME LXXVII.
Played by the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and
M. Zytogorski; the former giving the odds of "Pawn and Move."—
Black's K. B. P. must be removedfrom the board.
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. two 2. K. P. two
3. Q. P. one 3. Q. Kt. to K. second
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
4. K. B. P. two 4. Q. P. one
5. P. takes P. 5. P. takes P.
6. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 6. K. Kt. to B. third
7. B. takes Kt. 7. P. takes B.
8. Q. checks 8. Kt. to K. Kt. third
9. K. Kt. to B. third 9. Q. to Q. third (a)
10. K. Kt. to R.'s fourth 10. Q. B. to K. third
11. P. takes B. 11. Castles
12. Kt. takes Kt. 12. P. takes Kt.
13. Q. to K. second (6) 13. B. to K. R. third
14. Q. R. P. one 14. K. R. to K. square
15. K. Kt. P. one 15. R. takes P.
16. B. to K. R. third 16. K. B. P. one
17. P. takes P. 17. R. to K. B. third
18. Castles 18. K. to Q. Kt. square
19. K. to R. 19. P. takes P.
20. R. takes P. 20. Q. to Q. fourth (check)
21. K. to Kt. 21. R. takes R.
22. B. takes R. 22. Q. to Q. fifth (check)
23. K. to Kt. second 23. Q. takes Q. Kt. P.
24. K. R. P. two 24. Q. takes R.
25. Q. B. P. one 25. Q. takes Kt.
26. B. takes Q. 26. R. to Q. seventh
27. Q. takes R. 27- B. takes Q.
28. Q. B. P. one 28. K. to B.
29. K. to B. third 29. K. to Q. second
30. K. Kt. P. one 30. K. to K. third
3). K. Kt. P. one 31. Q. R. P. one
32. Q. R. P. one 32. Q. B. P. one
33. K. to Kt. fourth 33. Q. Kt. P. two
34. Q. R. P. takes P. 34. R. P. takes P.
35. P. takes P. 35. P. takes P.
36. K. R. P. one 36. K. to K. B. second
37. K. to B. fifth 37. B. takes K. Kt. P.
38. K. takes B. 38. K. to Kt. second
GAME.
s2
260 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME LXXVIJI.
Between the same Competitors ; Black giving the Pawn and Move.
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. two 2. K. P. two
3. Q. B. P. one 3. Q. to K. R. fifth
4. K. B. to Q. third 4. K. P. takes P.
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. to K. Kt. fifth
6. P. takes P. 6. K. B. checks
7. Q. Kt. to B. third 7. K. Kt. to B. third (a)
8. Castles 8. Castles
9. Q. P. one 9. Q. Kt. to K. second (6)
10. Q. to Q. Kt. third 10. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
11. Q. takes B. 11. Q. P. one
12. K. B. to K. second 12. Q. Kt. to K. B. fifth
13. Q. B. takes Kt. 13. Q. takes B.
14. K. Kt. to Q. fourth 14. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
15. B. takes Kt. 15. Q. takes B.
16. K. B. P. two 16. B. to Q. second
17. K. B. P. one 17. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
18. Kt. to K. sixth 18. Q. to K. sixth (check)
19. K. to R. square 19. R. to K. B. third
20. R. to K. B. third 20. Q. to K. R. third
21. R. to K. R. third 21. Q. to Q. seventh
22. Q. R. to Q. 22. Q. to K. B. seventh
23. K. R. to K. B. third 23. Q. to K. R. fifth
24. Q. R. to K. B. 24. Q. to K. R. fourth
25. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 25. Q. R. to K.
26. Q. takes Q. B. P. 26. K. R. to K. R. third
27. R. to K. R. third 27. Q. to K. B. second
28. R. takes R. 28. P. takes R.
29. Q. takes Q. P. 29- R. to Q. B. square
30. Q. to K. Kt. third (check) 30. K. to R. square
31. Q. to K. Kt. seventh (check) 31. Q. takes Q.
32. Kt. takes Q. 32. K. takes Kt.
33. K. P. one 33. R. to K. B. square
34. K. B. P. one (check) 34. K. to B. second
35. K. P. one (check) , 35. B. takes P.
36. P. takes B. (check) 36. K. takes P.
37. K. B. P. one 37. R. takes P.
38. R. takes R. 38. K. takes R.
39. K. Kt. P. two, and wins, (c)
Notes to Game LXXVIII.
(a) Fearful of bringing the adverse Rook into immediate action, Black
prudently refrained from seizing the proffered K. Kt.'s Pawn.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 261
(b) He should have taken the Kt. with hia Bishop ; after the present
move, the loss of a piece appeared inevitable. . -
(c) This game is not well played by the second player, and is far from
a favourable specimen of his skill.
GAME LXXIX.
Played at the London Chess Club, between two of the best Metropolitan
Players.
[This and the following game originally appeared in the periodical from
whence we extracted two specimens of the Muzio" Gambit in our last
number. They can have been seen but by few of our readers, and will
be thought by all deserving a permanent record in the " Chronicle."]
White. Black.
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. Q. Kt. to B. third 3. K. P. two
4. Q. P. one 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. K. P. two 5. K. B. to Q. third
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. Castles
7. K. B. takes P. 7. Q. B. P. one
8. Castles 8. Q. Kt. P. two
9. B. to Q. third 9. Q. Kt. P. one
10. Q. Kt. to K. second 10. Q. B. P. takes P.
11. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 11. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
12. K. P. takes P. 12. B. takes Kt.
13. K. Kt. P. takes B. 13. Q. Kt. to Q. second
14. Kt. to K. Kt. third 14. Q. to Q. Kt. third
15. K. to R. 15. B. to Q. B. fourth
16. R. to K. Kt. square 16. B. takes K. B. P.
17. R. to K. Kt. second 17. Q. R. to K. square
18. Kt. to K. fourth 18. K. Kt. takes Kt.
19. K. B. P. takes Kt. 19. K. B. P. two
20. Q. to K. B. third 20. K. B. P. takes P.
21. Q. takes P. 21. K. Kt. P. one
22. Q. R. to Q. B. 22. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
23. Q. to Q. B. fourth 23. Kt. takes B.
24. Q. P. one, (disc. ch. with the Q.) 24. K. to Kt. second
25. Q. takes Kt. 25. K. P. one
26. Q. to Q. fifth 26. B. to K. sixth (a)
27. B. takes B. 27. Q. takes B.
28. Q. to her square 28. Q. to K. B. sixth
29. Q. R. to Q. B. seventh (check) 29. K. to R. third
30. Q. to Q. second (check) 30. K. P. one
31. Q. to Q. fourth (6) 31. Q. to K. B. third (c)
32. Q. takes Q. R. P. 32. Q. to K. B. eighth (check)
262 TUB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. Black.
33. R. to K. Kt. square 33. Q. takes R. (check) (tf)
34. K. takes Q. 34. K. P. one
35. R. takes K. R. P. (check) 35. K. to Kt. fourth
36. K. R. P. two (check) 36. K. to Kt. fifth
37. R. to K. seventh 37. K. P. one, becoming a Q. (ch.)
38. R. takes Q. 38. R. takes R. (check)
39- K. to Kt. second 39. R. to K. seventh (check)
40. K. to Kt. square 40. K. to Kt. sixth
41. Q. to K. seventh 41. R. to K. Kt. seventh (check)
42. K. to R. square 42. K. R. to K. B. eighth (check
mate).
GAME LXXX.
Finely contested Game, from the collection of Unpublished MSS. in the
possession of Mr. Lewis, played between that Gentleman and Mr.
M'Donnell, some years since ; Mr. Lewis giving the odds of the Pawn
and two Moves.—The K.B.P. of Black must be removedfrom the board.
White. Black.
1. K. P. and Q. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. K. Kt. to R. third 2. K. P. two
3. Q. P. one 3. Q. Kt. to K. second
4. K. B. P. two 4. P. takes P.
5. Q. B. takes P. 5. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
6. K. P. one 6. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
7. Q. Kt. to Q. second 7. Kt. takes B.
8. Kt. takes Kt. 8. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
9. Kt. to Q. third 9. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
10. Q. Kt. to K. B. third 10. Q. to K. sixth (check)
11. Q. to K. second 11. K. Kt. to K. second
12. Q. takes Q. 12. B. takes Q.
13. Q. B. P. two 13. Castles
14. K. B. to K. second 14. Q. P. one
15. P. takes P. 15. P. takes P.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 263
White. Black.
16. Kt. to K. B. second 16. Kt. to K. Kt. third
17. Castles with K. R. 17. Kt. to K. B. fifth
18. Q. R. to K. square 18. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
19. K. to R. square 19. Q. B. takes Kt.
20. P. takes B. 20. Kt. takes B.
21. R. takes Kt. 21. R. takes P.
22. K. to Kt. second 22. Q. R. to K. B. square
23. Q. Kt. P. two 23. Q. Kt. P. one
24. Q. R. P. two 24. Q. R. P. two
25. P. takes P. 25. P. takes P.
26. Kt. to K. fourth 26. K. R. takes R.
27. R. takes B. 27. K. R. to K. B. fifth
28. Kt. takes P. 28. R. to K. Kt. fifth (check)
29. K. to R. third 29. K. R. P. two
30. R. to K. Kt. third 30. R. to Q. fifth
31. R. to Q. B. third 31. K. Kt. P. two
32. R. to K. Kt. third 32. P. checks
33. K. to R. fourth 33. K. to Kt. second
34. K. to Kt. fifth 34. K. R. to K. B. fifth
35. Q. B. P. one 35. K. R. to K. B. third
36. R. to K. third 36. K. R. to K. Kt. third (check)
37. K. to R. fourth 37. Q. R. to K. B. sixth
38. R. takes R. 38. P. takes R.
39. Kt. to K. B. fifth (check) 39. K. to B. third
40. Kt. to K. third 40. K. to K. fourth
41. Q. B. P. one 41. K. to Q. third
42. K. takes R. P. 42. R. to K. Kt. square
43. K. R. P. two 43. K. B. P. one
44. K. to R. sixth 44. R. to K. B. square
45. K. R. P. one 45. K. B. P. one, becomes a Queen
46. Kt. takes Q. 46. R. takes Kt.
47. K. to Kt. seventh 47. K. takes Q. P.
48. Q. B. P. one 48. R. to Q. B. eighth
AND WINS THE GAME.
GAME LXXXI.
In the Match between M. De La Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 15th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. P. one 3. K. P. two
4. B. takes P. 4. P. takes P.
5. P. takes P. 5. K. Kt. to B. third
264 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. Db la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. to K. second
7. K. Kt. to B. third 7. Castles
8. K. R. P. one 8. Q. B. P. one
9. Q. B. to K. third 9. 0, Bl to K. B. fourth
10. K. Kt. P. two 10. B. to K. Kt. third
11. K. Kt. to K. fifth 11. Q. Kt. to Q. second
12. Kt takes B. 12. K. R. P. takes Kt.
13. K. R. P. one 13. Q. Kt. to Q. Kt. third
14. K. B. to Q.. Kt. third 14. K. Kt. to Q. fourth
15. K. R. P. one 15. Kt. takes B.
16. K. B. P. takes Kt. 16. B. to K. R. fifth (check)
17. K. to Q. second 17. P. takes K. R. P.
18. Q. to K. B. third 18. B. to K. Kt. fourth
19. Q. R. to K. B. square 19. Q. takes Q. P. (check)
20. K. to Q. B. second 20. Q. to K. B. third
21. K. R. takes P. 21. Q. to K. Kt. third (check)
22. K. P. one 22. Kt. to Q. fourth
23. Q. R. to K. R. 23. B. to K. R. third
24. K. Kt. P. one 24. K. B. P. two
25. Kt. takes Kt. 25. Q.. B. P. takes Kt.
26. B. takes P. (check) 26. K. to R. second
27. R. takes B. (check) 27. P. takes R.
28. R. takes P. (check) 28. Q. takes R.
29. P. takes Q.
AND Bl RESIGNED, (a)
SOLUTIONS
TO THB
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's "Chronicle."
No. 19.
White. Black.
1. R. to Q. Kt.'s sixth (check) 1. B. takes R.
2. Q. takes B. (check) 2. K. to Q. R.'s square
3. Q. takes R.'s P. (check) 3. K. to Kt.'s square
4. Q. to Kt.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to R.'s square
5. B. at Q. R.'s second takes Q.'s 5. Q. takes B.
P. (check)
6. P. takes P. (discov. check and
mate).
No. 20. f
White. Black.
1. K. B. P. one 1. Kt. to K.'s third
2. Q. to R.'s fifth (check) 2. K. to Kt.'s square
3. Kt. to K. B.'s fifth 3. K. R. to K.'s square (his best
move)
4. Kt. to R.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to R.'s square
5. Kt. takes P. (check) 5. K. to Kt.'s square
6. Q. to Kt.'s sixth (check) 6. K. to B.'s square
7. Kt. to R.'s sixth, and mates
next move.
* This position occurred in play ; White took the adverse Rook with Rook, and
Black's Bishop took the Rook in return,
t " White, playing first, to mate in eight moves."—(See p. 249.)
2(J(> THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FB.OM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. l.
From — Koch.
White. Black.
K. at Q. B.'s seventh K. at Q. R.'s square
R. at Q. Kt.'s seventh Pawn at K.'s third
R. at Q.'s seventh
Pawn at Q. Kt.'s sixth
In this position, White engages to checkmate with" his Pawn in eight
Moves, without moving his King.—Black is not permitted to claim any
piece but a Queen for his Pawn when it reaches the ultimate square.
No. 2.
By Ponziani.
White. Black.
K. at Q. B.'s seventh K. at Q. R.'s square
Q. at K. B.'s fourth R. at K. R.'s square
R. at K. B.'s second B. at Q.'s sixth
B. at Q. B.'s fourth
Pawns at Q. Kt.'s second, and
K. B.'s fourth
White to win in six Moves.
No. 3.
AUTHOR UNKNOWN.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s second K. at K. Kt.'s square
Q. at K. B.'s sixth Q. at her square
R. at Q. Kt.'s eighth
R. at Q. B.'s seventh
P. at K. Kt.'s second
White to win with the Pawn in seventeen Moves, without taking the
Queen.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 267
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" X. Y. Z."—We have examined the problem in five moves, and
believe there is a flaw which renders it unavailable for our collection.
It appears that Black, at his second move, instead of taking the Pawn
with his King, may play the King to Q. Kt.'s fifth, in which case it is
not clear that the mate can be effected within the prescribed number of
moves. The diagram mentioned is correctly printed. Perhaps " X. Y. Z."
will favour us with the mode of play by which he thinks that Black
could win. .
"H., Connaught Terrace."—De la Bourdonnais died Dec. 13th,
1840, aged 43 years.
268 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
" R. M., Ludlow."—M. Zytogorski is a resident of London, and
promises to be one of the best among our Metropolitan Chess-players.
"A. Z., Manchester."—We ought, ere this, to have received the
corrected list. If our correspondent is a member of the Club, he will
perhaps oblige us by sending it, together with the moves in the match
now pending.
" F. E., Windsor."—When a game is drawn, the player who had the
first move in that game has the privilege of playing first in the next. "Is
it usual among the higher class of players, to play alternately with the
White and Black pieces ? " No ; the player commencing with either
coloured men, rarely changes them during the sitting. Castling is
allowed under the circumstances named.
" C. T., Salisbury."—Many thanks. The suggestions shall not pass
unheeded.
"A Lynn Chess Player."—The games in the long-pending match
between the Yarmouth and Lynn Clubs arrived too late for examination
this week.
" W., Bristol."—Write to the publisher on the subject.
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OP THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
( Continued from p. 256.) .
In Egil's Saga, a Northern warrior's arms, who fought in the battle of
Brunawburg, a. d. 926, are thus described :—"Thorolf had a wide and
thick shield, and a strong helmet on his head ; he was girt with a sword
called Lang, a mickle weapon and good. In his hand he carried a spear
(JKesiu) the head of which was two ells in length, terminating in a four-
edged point, and broader at the upper part ; the part connecting the head
with the staff was of iron, long and thick, and the staff itself in length
a cubit, bound strongly with iron. This kind of spear is called
Brynthvarar (the darkness of byrnies)." * The spear of Arnliot Gellin
was of such thickness that it quite filled his grasp, (literally was a hand-
full,) and was covered with gold.f Their swords were often ornamented
very highly, as will appear from citations already made ; and the value
* Cap. 53, p. 285, ed. 4to. Havn. 1809. Bartholinus gives an engraving of this
spear, p. 149.
t Saga af Olafi hioom Helga, cap. 227, tom. ii. p. 354. Compare the description
of Grettur's spear in Grettar Saga, ap. Bartholin, p. 364.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 269
of one may be learnt from Torfseus, lib. v. cap. 13, where the sword
given by Hacon Adelstein to Hoskuld, is estimated at half a pound of
gold, equal to 128 dollars in Danish money.*
It results therefore, from the above inquiry, that the general military
costume of the Chess-men will accord as well with what we know of the
armour of the ancient Norwegians, as with that of any other nation ; and
that, in several particulars, its character is more appropriate to the
Northern than to the Southern or Eastern style of dress.
But the strongest argument, perhaps, in favour of our hypothesis, is
that which rests on the testimony, ancient and modern, of the Scandina
vians for the game of Chess, which they seem to have cultivated from a
remote period. "Whether they derived their knowledge of the Game from
their intercourse with the Franks in the ninth and tenth centuries, or
from Constantinople, may admit of a doubt ; but the latter seems, on
various accounts, more probable.
As early as the beginning of the ninth century, Ragnar Lodbrog is
reported to have visited the Hellespont ; and before the middle of the
eleventh century, the expedition of Harald Hardrad to the East, his amour
with the Empress Zoe, his escape from prison by means of the Varangian
guards, are matters of historical record. The early establishment of
these Varangians as the Imperial Guard, (who were undoubtedly Scan
dinavians, and who play so principal a part in Sir Walter Scott's recent
novel of Count Robert,) would of itself argue an intimate connexion
between the Greeks and Northmen, and this is corroborated by perpetual
notices in the Sagas.f The share also taken by the Northmen in the first
crusade, is an additional argument for their acquaintance with the Oriental
world. But as the game of Chess certainly passed from Asia to Europe,
and probably through more channels than one, it is of very minor
importance to inquire more minutely from what quarter the inhabitants of
the North received it.J In proof of the ancient use of Chess among
them, I shall content myself by adducing such passages of the old
Northern writers as have occurred to me in this inquiry. In the Saga
of Ragnar Lodbrog, printed in Biorner's collection, § and in an ancient
account of the Danish invasion of Northumberland in the ninth cen
tury, entitled Nordymbra, || it is stated, that after the death of Ragnar,
messengers were sent to his sons in Denmark, by King JElla, to com
municate the intelligence, and to mark their behaviour when they
received it. They were found thus occupied :—" Sigurd Snake's-eye
• Sperlingius, ubi supr. Cf. the account of Other's sword preserved formerly in
the Monastery of Pharon. Act. Benedict. Saec. 4, p. 1 ; Bartholin, p. 579 ; and
Rothe's Treatise, " De Gladiis Veterum, imprimis Danorum," 12mo. Havn. 1752.
t V. Pontoppidan, Gesta Danorum extra Daniam, tom. i. cap. 1, 8vo. Lips. 1740.
X V. Loccenii Antiq. Goth. lib. iii. c. 3, p. 144, 4to. Francf. 1676.
§ Cap. 18, fol. Stockh. 1737.
|| Thorkelin's Fragments of Engl, and Irish Hist. p. 13, 4to. Lond. 1788.
270 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
played at Chess (sitia at hnef-taflet) * with Huitserk the bold ; but Biorn
Ironside was polishing the shaft of a spear in the middle of the hall. As
the messengers proceeded with their story, Huitserk and Sigurd dropped
their game {lata thega falla nithr taflit), and listened to what was said
with great attention ; Ivar put various questions ; and Biom leant on the
spear he was furbishing. But when the messengers came to the death
of the chief, and told his expiring words, that the young boars would
gnarl their tusks (literally grunt) if they knew their parent's fate, Biorn
grasped the handle of his spear so tight, with emotion, that the marks
of his fingers remained on it, and when the tale was finished dashed it in
pieces : Huitserk compressed a Chess-man he had taken so forcibly with
his fingers, that the blood started from each ; f whilst Sigurd Snake's-eye,
pareing his nails with a knife, was so wrapt up in attention, that he cut
himself to the bone without feeling it." So also in the Herverar Saga,
which refer to very ancient traditions of Scaldic poetry, Hervora,
daughter of Angantyr, goes to the court of Godmund, King of Istun-
heim, in male disguise, and assumes the name of Hervar-dr. One day,
as the old King was playing at Chess (lek at skaktafli), it happened that he
had the worst of the game, and was on the point of being mated {ok buit
vid matt). The King asked if any one could assist him with advice at
the game (vid-tablinn). Then Hervardr went up to him, and so played,
that in a short time the game was restored, and Godmund had the
advantage, which made him very joyful.f
In the same Saga, cap. 15, among the eenigmata, or riddles, proposed
by Odin under the form of Gest the Blind, to King Heidrek, occur three
which refer to the game of Chess,+ and prove how familiar it must have
been at a period of remote antiquity.
Gest asks the Monarch :
Hverier r& Jjegnar Who are those Lords
er rida pingi at, who ride in company
sattir allir saman all together in amity,
lida sina sendu peir who send out their people
lond yfir, over the lands,
at biggia b61stalli to acquire habitations ?
Heidrekr Kongr O King Heidrek,
hygg pu at gatu attend to the riddle !
* Hnef-Hafl. Lusus latrunculorum, Shakspel, Verilius. So termed from Hnefi,
the hand or fist, by which the pieces were moved, qu. Hand-play.
" Hellt taufto einni er han hafthi drepit, oc hann Kreisti hana sua fast, at blod
stauck undan huerum nagli." The Latin version in Bibrner reads, "captivum
quendam calculum tantisper manu tenens, raoi duriter adeo torsit, ut sanguis ex
unoquoque erumperit digito ;" and in Thorkelin, " Latrunculum quem ceperat tam
fortiter inter digitos compressit, ut singuli sanguinem mitterent." This Saga is sup
posed to have been written at the beginning of the thirteenth century. See Miiller's
Saga Bibliothek, vol. ii.
t Herverar Saga, cap. 7, p. 74, ed. 4to. Hafn. 1785. % P. 146, 148, 152.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 271
Heidrek answers :
God er gata bin Easy is this riddle,
Gestr blindi O Gest the Blind ;
getit er beirrar ; this is the solution :
Itreer oki Aundottr Itrect and Aundott
om aldr daga every day
tefla teitr skak play blithely at Chess ;
satt er peim lidallt all their people are in amity
er i siod Kiemr when they come into the bag,
enn a reitum reitt but at enmity when in the field.
Gest asks the Monarch :
Hverier ro begnar Who are these lords,
er rlda pingi at who ride in company,
sattar allir saman, altogether in amity ;
lida sina senda beir who send out their people,
lond yfir, over the lands,
at byggia bolstadi ? to acquire habitations ?
Heidrekr Kongr, O King Heidrek
hygg pu at gatu. attend to the riddle !
Heidrek answers :
God er gata bin Easy is thy riddle,
Gestr blindi» O Gest the Blind,
getit er beirrar : this is the solution :
Itrecr ok Aundottr Itrec and Aundott
om aldr daga every day
tefla teitr skak ; play blithely at Chess ;
satt er beim lid allt all their people are in amity
er i siod Kiemr, when they come into the bag,
enn a reitum reitt. but at enmity when in the field.
Gest again inquires :
Hveriar r6 boer drosir * Who are those ladies
er sinn drottinn who their lords
vapnlausann vega ; slay without weapons ;
enar dauckvari f hlifa the dark-coloured defend
um alia daga, throughout the day,
enn enar fegri fara .' but the fair-hued kill ?
Heidrekr Kongr, &c. O King Heidrek, &c.
Heidrek replies :
God er gata bin Easy is the riddle,
Gestr blindi, O Gest the Blind,
* Al. brudir, brides. t Al.j'orpori, the brown.
272 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
getit er beirrar : thus it is solved :
duga hnefa taublor the dark coloured Chess-pieces
dauckvari i tabli, defend on the board,
enn hoitar heria a mot but the white destroy*
A third time Gest asks :
Hvert er bat dyra What is that animal,
en drepr fe manna which slays men's cattle,
ok er jarni ' and is with iron
allr urinn i Kring : all about clad :
horn hefir arte sides it has eight,
enn hofut ecki, but no head,
oc filgia bvi margir mebk ? and many run after it ?
Heidrekr Kongr, &c. O King Heidrek, &c.
Heidrek answers :
God er gata bin Easy is thy riddle,
Gestr blindi, O Gest the Blind,
getit er beirrar : this is the solution :
huni f man sia vera it is a Chess-man
i hnefa tabli on the table board,
frekr ok flar til fear. bold and crafty to acquire fee.
It is sufficiently obvious, that the first of these aenigmata relates to the
Chess-Knight, the second to the Chess-Queen, and the last to the Chess-
Pawn ; but the third receives unusual illustration by a view of the Pawns
which form part of the set discovered in the Isle of Lewis, which present
to us the octagonal shape alluded to by Gest ; and this adds a collateral
proof in support of their Northern manufacture. From the above cita
tion, as well as from the Gunnlaugi Saga, it would seem as if not only men
but women were accustomed to play at Chess ; which was the case also in
France and England, as proved by various authorities I might produce.
Olaus Magnus says that all the Northern people were acquainted with
the Game, and more particularly the men of birth among them, who
made use of it as a means to ascertain the temper and abilities of their
daughters' suitors before marriage, t
(To be continued in our next Number.)
* See the note of Verelius to this obscure passage, in his edition of the Herverar
Saga, foL Ups. 1672.
t Al. Htuttafli er, a draught-man.
t Lib. xv. cap. 12, lib. xxi. cap. 28.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 273
asshtte.
GAME LXXXII.
Well played Game, between two strong Players at Berlin.
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. Q. B. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. P. one
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q. P. two
5. K. P. one 5. K. Kt. to R. third
6. K. B. to Q. third 6. Q. to Q. Kt. third
7. K. B. to Q. B. second 7. Q. B. to Q. second
8. Castles 8. K. B. to K. second
9. K. to R. square 9. K. B. P. two
10. Q. P. two 10. Castles on K.'s side
11. Q. R. P. two 11. Q. R. P. two
12. K. R. P. one 12. Q. R. to Q. B. square
13. Q. Kt. to Q. R. third 13. Q. B. P. takes P.
vol. I.—n. s.
274 TITE nWTISH MISCEFXANY,
White. Black.
14. Q. B. P. takes P. 14. Q. Kt. to its fifth
15. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 15. K. to R. square
16. Q. to K. second 16. K. Kt. to K. B. second
17. Q. Kt. to its fifth 17. B. takes Kt.
18. P. takes B. 18. Q. to her square
19. Q- B. to Q. second 19. Q. Kt. P. one square
20. Q. R. to Q. B. square 20. Q. to Q. second
21. Q. R. to Q. B. third 21. K. R. to K. Kt. square
22. K. R. P. one 22. K. Kt. to K. R. third
23. K. Kt. to its fifth 23. K. Kt. P. one
24. K. R. P. one 24. K. Kt. to its fifth
25. P. takes P. 25. K. R. takes P.
26. Q. R. to K. R. third 26. K. R. P. one
27. K. Kt. to K. B. third 27. K. to R. second
28. K. Kt. to K. R. second 28. Kt. takes Kt.
29. Q. R- takes Kt. 29. K. R. to K. Kt. sixth
30. K. B. to Q. square 30. Kt. to Q. B. seventh
31. Q. to K. R. fifth 31. K. B. to its square
32. Q. B. to its third 32. Kt. to K. sixth
33. K. R. to K. B. third 33. Q. takes P. at Q. Kt. fourth
34. Q. to K. B. seventh (check) 34. K. B. to Kt. second
35. R. takes K. R. P. (check) 35. K. takes R.
36. R. takes R. 36. Q. to K. B. eighth (check)
37. K. to R. second 37. Kt. checks
38. B. takes Kt.
THE SKCOND YBR RESIGNED.
GAME LXXXIII.
Between Mr. St—n and the Polish Amateur, M. Zytogorski ; the former
giving the odds of a Pawn and two Moves.
{The K. B. P. of Black must be taken from the board.)
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. and Q. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. K. B. to Q. third 2. Q. B. P. one
3. K. P. one 3. K. Kt. P. one
4. K. R. P. two 4. Q. B. P. one
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. takes P.
6. K. R. P. one 6. K. Kt. P. one
7. Q. to K. Kt. fourth 7. K. B. to K. second
8. Q. B. P. takes P. 8. K. Kt. to K. R. third
9. Q. to K. Kt. third 9. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
10. K. Kt. to K. B. third 10. K. Kt. to K. B. second
11. K. R. P. one 11. Q.. P. one
12. K. R. to R. fifth 12. Q. P. takes P.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 275
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
13. K. Kt. takes P. at K.'s fifth 13. Q. Kt. takes Kt.
14. P. takes Kt. 14. Q. to Q. R. fourth (check)
15. Q. B. to Q. second 15. Q. takes K. P. (check)
16. Q. takes Q. 16. Kt. takes Q.
17. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (check) 17. Q. B. to Q. second (a)
18. B. takes B. (check) 18. K. takes B.
19. Q. B. takes K. Kt. P. 19. Kt. to Q. sixth (check)
20. K. to K. B. square (6) 20. Q. R. to K. B. square
21. K. B. P. one 21. Q. R. to K. B. fourth
22. Q. Kt. to B. third (c) 22. Kt. to K. B. fifth
23. Q. R. to Q. square (check) 23. Kt. to Q. fourth (d)
24. K. B. P. one 24. K. R. to K. B. square
25. K. to his second 25. B. to Q. third
26. Kt. takes Kt. 26. P. takes Kt.
27. K. Kt. P. two 27. Q. R. to K. B. second
28. Q. R. takes Q. P. 28. K. to Q. B. third
29. a R. to K. B. fifth 29. R. takes R.
30. P. takes R. 30. R. takes P.
31. K. to K. B. third 31. K. to Q.. fourth
32. R. to K. R. second 32. K. to K. third
33. K. to K. Kt. fourth 33. R. to Q. Kt. fourth
34. Q. R. P. one 34. R. to Q. Kt. sixth
35. R. to K. second (check) 35. K. to K. B. second
36. R. to Q. second 36. R. to Q. Kt. third
37. B. to Q. eighth 37- R- to Q. B. third
38. B. to K. Kt. fifth 38. R. to Q. Kt. third
39. R. to Q. third 39. Q. R. P. one
40. Q. R. P. one 40. K. to K. Kt. third
41. Q. Kt. P. one 41. B. to K. B. square
42. Q. R. P. one 42. R. to Q. third
43. R. to Q. B. third 43. R. to Q. fourth
44. R. to Q. B. seventh 44. R. to Q. Kt. fourth
45. R. to Q. B. eighth 45. K. to K. B. second (e)
46. R. to Q. B. third 46. K. to K. Kt. third
47. R. to Q. B. eighth 47. K. to K. B. second
48. R. to Q. eighth 48. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
49. R. to Q. seventh (check) 49. K. to K. Kt. square
50. R. to Q. eighth 50. K. to Kt. second
51. R. to Q. seventh (check) 51. K. to Kt. square
52. K. to K. B. fifth 52. Q. Kt. P. one
.53. Q. R. P. takes P. 53. R. takes P.
54. R. to Q. R. seventh 54. R. to Q. Kt. fourth (check)
55. K. to K. Kt. fourth 55. R. to Q. Kt. third
56. K. B. P. one 56. B. takes K. R. P.
57. R. to Q. R. eighth (check) 57. K. to B. second
DRAWN game. (/)
T2
276 THE BRITISFI MISCELLANY,
GAME LXXXIV.
Dashing Game, between Mr. St—n and a Member of the London
Chess Club ; Mr. S. giving the odds of the Queen's Knight.
(The Q. Kt. of the first player must be taken from the board.)
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. Kt. P. two 3. B. takes Q. Kt. P.
4. K. B. P. two 4. P. takes P.
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. one 6. B. to Q. B. fourth
7. Q. P. two 7. B. to Q. Kt. third
8. Q. B. takes P. 8. K. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. to Q. third 9. Castles
10. K. R. P. one 10. Kt. takes K. P.
11 Q. takes Kt. 11. R. to K. square
12 Q. B. to K. fifth 12. P. takes B.
13. Castles on K.'s side 13. P. takes P.
14. K. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 14. K. takes B.
AND CHESS PLAYKH S CHRONICLE. 277
White. Black.
15. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth, checking 15. K. to Kt. square
with Kt. and R.
16. Q. takes K. R. P. (check and
mate).*
GAME LXXXV.
Between Mr. E. W. and another Member of the Bristol Chess Club ;
the former giving a Pawn and Move.
(The K. B. P. of the second player mast be removed from the board.)
White. (Amateur.) Black. (Mr. E.W.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. B. P. one
3. Q. B. P. two 3. CI. P. one
4. K. B. P. two 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. B. P. takes P. 6. Q. B. P. takes P.
7. K. P. one 7. Kt. to Q. second
8. K. B. to Q. third 8. K. Kt. P. one
9. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (a) 9. Q. to Q. Kt. third
10. K. Kt. to B. third 10. K. B. to K. second
11. Q. R. P. two 11. Q. R. P. two
12. Q. Kt. to Kt. fifth 12. Q. Kt. to R. third
13. Castles 13. Q. Kt. to Kt. fifth
14. B. to Q. Kt. square 14. Kt. to K. B. square
15. B. to Q. second 15. B. to Ql. second
16. B. takes Kt. 16. Q. R. P. takes B.
17. B. to Q. third 17. B. takes Kt.
18. B. takes B. (check) 18. K. to Q. square
19. Kt. to Kt. fifth 19. Q. takes ft. P. (check)
20. K. to R. square 20. B. takes Kt.
21. Q. takes B. (check) 21. K. to Q. B. second
22. Q. to K. seventh (check) 22. K. to Kt. third
23. Q. R. to Q. B. square 23. K. R. P. two
24. Q. to 0.. B. seventh (check) 24. K. to R. second
25. R. to Q. B. sixth 25. K. R. to R. second
26. R. to Q. R. sixth (checkmate).
* This Game has before appeared in print, but can have been seen by few of our
reaJers.
278 TI1E BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME LXXXVI.
This lively Game is extracted from the publication from whence two of
^ tltt'ti ' the Games in our last number were taken.
/...., , '''
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Castles 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. P. two 6. K. B. to R. third
7. Q. takes P. 7. Q. P. two
8. B. takes P. 8. Q. B. P. one
9. B. to Kt. third 9. Q. takes P. (check)
10. K. to R. 10. Q. to K. fourth
11. Q. B. to Q. second 11. K. Kt. to B. third
12. Q. B. to Q. B. third 12. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
13. K. P. one 13. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
14. K. P. one 14. K. B. P. one
15. Q. Kt. to Q. second 15. K. Kt. to K. fourth
16. Q. to K. fourth 16. K. R. to K. Kt.
17. K. R. to K. B. second 17. K. R. to K. Kt. second
18. B. takes Kt. 18. Q. takes B.
19. Q. to K. B. third 19. R. to K. second (a)
20. R. to K. second 20. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
21. Kt. to K. fourth 21. Q. to K. fourth
22. Q. to Q. third 22. Q. to Q. B. second
23. Kt. takes P. (check) 23. K. to B.
24. Q. to K. B. fifth (4) 24. Q. B. takes P.
25. B. takes B. 25. Kt. to Q. R. third
26. Kt. to Q. seventh (check, with 26. K. to K.
Kt. and Q.) (c)
27. B. to K. B. seventh (check) 27. to Q. square
28. R. takes R. 28. takes R.
-WHITE GIVES MATE IN TWO MOVES, (d)
These Games are amusing, and, to the learner, not uninstructive ; but
the first player, from an evident consciousness of the inferiority of his
antagonist, plays somewhat too hazardously. In a series of games,
subsequently played with the same adversary, he gave the odds of the
Rook with success.
GAME LXXXVIII.
In the Match between M. Db la Boubdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 16th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D ) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K P. two 1. Q. B. P. two (a)
2. K. B. P. two 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. P. one
4. Q B. P. one 4. Q. P. two
5. K. . P. one 5. K. B. P. one
6. Q. Kt. to R. third 6. K. Kt. to R. third
7. Q Kt. to B. second 7. Q. to Q. Kt. third
8. Q P. two 8. Q. B. to Q. second
9. Q . Kt. to K. third (6) 9. Q. B. P. takes P.
10. Q B. P. takes P. (c) 10. K. B. checks
11. K . to B. second 11. Castles on King's side
12. K. to Kt. third 12. Q. R. to Q. B. square
13. K R. P. two 13. K. B. P. takes P.
14. K. B. P. takes P. 14. R. takes Kt. (check)
} 5, P. takes R. 15. Q. Kt. takes Q. P.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 281
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
16. K. B. to Q. third 16. Q. R. to K. B. square
17. K. B. P. one 17. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
18. K. R. to K. B. square 18. Q. B. to Kt. fourth (d)
19. B. takes B. 19. Q. takes B.
20. K. to R. third 20. Kt. to K. seventh
21. Kt. to K. Kt. second 21. K. Kt. to B. fourth
22. K. to R. second 22. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth
23. K. R. to B. third 23. Q. Kt. to K. fifth
24. Q. to K. B. square 24. Q. to K. square
25. Q. Kt. P. two 25. K. B. to Q. fifth
26. Q. R. to Q. Kt. square 26. Q. to K. R. fourth
27. Q. R. to Q. Kt. third 27. Q. R. to Q. B. square (e)
28. Q. B. to K. third 28. Q. R. to Q. B. seventh
29. K. to Kt. square 29. Kt. takes B.
30. K. R. takes Kt. 30. Kt. to Q. seventh
31. Q. to Q. third 31. R. checks
32. K. to R. second 32. Kt. to K. B. eighth (check)
33. K. to R. third 33. Kt. takes R.
34. Kt. takes Kt. 34. Q. to K. B. sixth, checks, and
wins. (/)
Notes to Game LXXXVIII.
(a) The republication of these games will have the effect, we trust, of
bringing this admirable defence into more general vogue.
(b) K.'s B. to Q.'s third square would have been better play.
(c) We should have preferred taking this Pawn with the K.'s Kt. The
line of play persisted in by Mr. M'Donnell, at the present stage of this
particular opening, is evidently most disadvantageous.
(d) A good move.
(e) Well played.
if) The concluding moves of this Game are capitally played by
De la Bourdonnais.
SOLUTIONS
TO TBI
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 21.
If White play first.
White. Black.
1. R. takes R. (check) 1. B. takes R. (his best move)
2. B. to Q.'s fifth (check) 2. K. to B.'s square
3. Q. takes B. (check) 3. K. to Kt. second
4. Q. to K. Kt.'s eighth (check) 4. K. to B. third
5. Q. B. to K. Kt.'s fifth (mate).
If Black play first.
Black. White.
1. R. takes P. (check) 1. Q. takes R.
2. Q. takes Q. (check) 2. R. takes Q.
3. R. takes R. (check) 3. K. to Q.'s third
4. K.'s P. one square (check) 4. B. takes P.
5. P. takes B. (checkmate).
No. 22. «
White. Black.
1. Q. to Q. R.'s third 1. Q. to Q. Kt. second (the best
move)
2. Kt. takes K. P. (check) 2. If the K. move to K. B.'s se
cond, the Kt. checks, and
wins the Queen; if he
move to Kt. or R.'s sqr.,
the Queen mates next
move; therefore
K. to K. R.'s third
3. Q. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 3. K. to R.'s fourth
4. Kt. to Kt.'s seventh (check) 4. K. to R.'s third
5. Kt. takes K. B.'s P., checking 5. K. to R.'s fourth
with Q. and Kt.
6. Q. mates
* White Rook took the Rook, and Black's Bishop then took the Rook.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 2S3
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 4.
By Cozio.
White. Black.
K. at K. B.'s third K. at Q.'s seventh
R. at K.'s square R. at K.'s second
P. at K. B.'s fifth P. at K.'s seventh
White to draw.
No. 5.
By PonzianI.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s square K. at Q. B.'s fifth
R. at Q. B.'s second R. at K. Kt.'s second
P. at K.'s sixth Kt. at K.'s second
Kt. at Q. B.'s sixth
White to draw.
No. 6.
By PonzianI.
White. Black.
K. at his R.'s square K. at Q. Kt.'s third
Q. at K. R.'s second Q. at Q.'s fifth
B. at K. R.'s fourth B. at Q.'s second
P. at a. R.'s fourth Pawns at K.'s fifth, Q. B.'s third,
Q. Kt.'s fourth, and at Q. R.'s
third
White to draw.
No. 7.
By PonzianI.
White. Black.
K. at K. Kt.'s square K. at Q. Kt.'s square
R. at K.'s square Q. at K. R.'s third
R. at Q. R.'s square Kt. at Q.'s second
B. at K. Kt.'s fourth Kt. at Q. Kt.'s third
Pawns at K. Kt.'s second, and at Pawns at Q. B.'s secondhand at
K. B.'s fifth Q. Kt.'s second
White, playing first, wins in five moves.
284 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
raflbtte.
1
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" F. M. G."—Philidor died August 31, 1795.
" H., Bridgwater."—The " Scientific Stratagems " were taken from
an instructive little work, by Lewis, entitled " One Hundred Ends
of Games."
" n., Oxon."—There are two MS. copies of Dacciesole's work on
Chess in the British Museum. One of these, a quarto of fifty parchment
leaves, handsomely illuminated, bears the title, " Liber Moralis de ludo
Scaccor. Jacobus de Cesulis."—Harl. MSS. 1275. We learn also that
there is a MS. of this work in the Library at Dresden, intituled " Sola
tium Ludi Scacchorura, scilicet regiminis ac morum hominum, et
officium Virorum Nobilium, quorum formas si quis menti impresserit,
bellum ipsum, et Ludi virtutem corde faciliter, vel feliciter, poterit
obtinere."
AND CHES8 PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
" B. G., Lymington." — " When the Game, called the ' Marked
Pawn,' is played, can the party giving the odds, at any time, ' Queen '
the marked Pawn ? "—No.
" Templar."—We cannot inform our correspondent where a copy of
Zuylen von Nieveld's scarce book on Chess can be obtained.
" M. M."—The solutions are clever and correct.
" Miranda."—There is little analogy between Chess and " The
Philosopher's Game." A disquisition on the latter may be found in
Strutt's " Sports and Pastimes of the People of England." We possess
no games of Sarratt's which have not hitherto been published. Both
solutions are correct.
" An Old Player "—Would much gratify the fraternity of Chess
Amateurs by obtaining the promised information relative to Flaxman's
matchless models for a set of Chess-men. The moulds of these beautiful
specimens of pottery, we are told, are still preserved.
" A. G." " R. B."—Next week, if possible.
u Post-Captain, Senior United Service Club."—The temperate
and sensible epistle of " Post-Captain " reached us after the present
number was prepared for press : it shall be replied to in our next.
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OP LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
{Continued from p. 272.)
The Northern warriors considered a proficiency in Chess one of the
requisites of liberal education, and ranked it with the art of engraving
magic Runes, skating on the snow, or composing Scaldic lays. In the old
metrical story of Karl and Grymr, which became so popular in the north
of Sweden, as to be chanted in the form of a ballad, the exercises in
which the youth of Grymr was engaged, in order to gain the affections
of the fair Ingegerdis, daughter of Karl, are thus described :—
Wex hann upp og vandist bratt, vigra leyk ad efla
Rioda sverd i randa bate, renna biarg, og tefla,
Stunda tan, og stiornu list, steine langt ad varpa,
Aungra hefur hann menta mist, er meta pryder garpa ;
«. e. he was, as he grew up, accustomed to make his sword ruddy in the
warlike play of shields ; to climb up the icebergs ; to wrestle ; to play
well at the game of Chess ; to study the science of the stars ; to throw
286 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
the stone ; and to practise other sports which were held in estimation.*
Corresponding to this we find an Earl of the Orkneys, Kali, the son of
Kobr, at the beginning of the twelfth century, thus boasting of his ac
complishments :—" I know," says he, " nine several arts ; I am expert at
the game of Chess ; I can engrave Runic letters ; I am assiduous at my
book ; I know how to handle the tools of the smith ; I can traverse the
snow on wooden skates ; I excel in shooting with the bow ; I use the oar
with facility ; I can sing to the harp ; and I compose verses.f It is
doubtful whether a line in the ancient Scaldic poem, entitled Voluspa,
refers to Chess or draughts, since the term table, or table play, includes
both, but more usually the former. I
The same may be said of the Gunnlaugi Saga, composed at the end of
the twelfth century, where Gunnlaugr and Helga are said to have often
amused themselves at tables (at tabli). § Pinkerton understood it in the
usual signification, and writes :—" Chess was the favourite amusement
of the Gothic nations, and known among them in the earliest times, and
in all their most barbaric possessions. In Iceland Chess was general ;
and, in the eleventh century, we find Gunlaug, the Scald, playing at Chess
with the beautiful Helga, whose love so excited him and Rafen, another
Scald, that they fought and fell by mutual wounds." || But the high
antiquity of this game in the North may be inferred from a magic figure
or Rune, by which the player might win at Chess, preserved among Finn
Magnusen's MSS., in the Bodleian Library ; which is directed to be
engraved on wood, and held in the hand. U
I have already quoted the Saga of Kroka Ref, an Icelander of the
tenth century, in which a present of a Chess-board and set of men,
made of the teeth of the walrus, was sent from Greenland to King
Harald Hardraad. When this gift was laid before the King, the bearer,
* The translation of Biorner is subjoined ; " Hunc cite extulit aatas mavortiis ludis
seduld innutritum: ensibus puta scutatorum percussione cruentandis; montibus
scandendis decurrendisque ; luctationibus et latrunculorum ludis rite edendis ; astris
cognoscendis ; saxis longe projiciendis : aliisque artibus quibus quidem heroica
parare perpolireque pectora antiquius consuevit sevuro."
t Orkneyinga Saga, p. 150, 4to. Hafn. 1780. 0l. Worm. Lit. Dan. p. 129, 4to.
Hafn. 1636. Bartholin, p. 420. Torf. Hist Orcad, cap. 21, p. 94, fol. Havn. 1697.
" Tafl em ec aurr at efla," &c.
X " Tefldu i tunc teitur voru," i. e. " They (the Gods) played at tables in the
area (or board) and were joyous." Resenius has this note on the passage ; " Tefldu,
Tafl, N. G. significat omne ludicram inventum, veluti sunt Tali, jactus Talorum,
nucum, &c. Alea Latrunculi seu Scachiae Skak usitatissime Tafl appellatur, bine
illud verbum ad tefla, id est, latrunculis ludere invicem." Pbilosoph. Antiq. Norv.
Dan. p. 20, 4to. Hafn. 1673. Cf. Gloss, in Edda Samundar, 4to. Hafn. 1828, in v.
Tafl, Tabl., and Ihre, Lex. Suio-Goth. in vv. Tafwel, Tafwelbord, Tafia.
§ Sagan af Gunnlaugi Ormstungii, p. 52, 4to. Havn. 1775.
|| Hist.Scotl.p. 396.
*T No. 93. " Ad vina skak rist e eik and haf i hendini."
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 287
Bardur, thus accosted him :—" Here is a Chess-table (tafl), lord, which
the most noble person in Greenland sends to you, and desires nothing in
return but your friendship and wise counsel." It was, adds the writer of
the Saga, both a nut-table and a Chess-table tyad var bade hnottafl oc
skaktafl), and calculated to play at both games ; * which will prove that
the nut-table was not backgammon, but the modern game of draughts.
In the Saga of Samsone Fagra, a fabulous son of King Arthur, the hero
goes to Bretland (Britain), to seek the hand of Ingina, daughter of Earl
Finlog, in marriage. She is affianced to him, but their nuptials are
delayed till the summer. In the mean time, King Garlant, of Ireland,
and his court, are asked to the ceremony, who embark for that purpose ;
but, putting into a haven remote from the Earl's house, they pitched
their tents and remained there till the wedding day should arrive;
amusing themselves in the interval with the sports of Chess (tafl), racing,
throwing the spear, and wrestling ;f and again in the mythic Saga of
Fridthiqfe Frakna, Hring, King of Hringariki, in Norway, sends mes
sengers to the sons of Bela, King of Sognia, another district of the
same country, to exact tribute, and threaten war in case of refusal.
In this emergency they send a trusty servant named Hilding, to
Fridthiof, son of Thorstein Vikingson, to request his aid. When Hil
ding arrived, he found Fridthiof playing at Chess, (sat at hnefa tabli), and
thus addressed him : " Our Kings greet you, and bid you come to help
them in battle against King Hring, who has unjustly endeavoured to
invade their territories." To this Fridthiof answered nothing, but said
to Biorn, with whom he was playing (er hann teflpi viy), " a vacant space
is now left on the board, my brother, nor shall you change the order of
the pieces, (I, however, prefer the fair-colour or red,) and await the for
tune that is to happen." Hilding spoke again to him : "The King Helgi
sends thee this message, either to assist him in the war, or to suffer a hard
penalty when it is finished." Then Biorn said : "The Game is twofold,
my brother, and there are two modes of playing (tvo vega fra at tefla.)"
Fridthiof replied, " Therefore it will be better to bring the Royal piece
first into the field, (ba nun rab at sitia fyrst at hnefanum,) for then the
two-fold condition will be less requisite." Hilding, when he could obtain
no other answer, returned to his lords without delay, and having told
what had passed, the King inquired what meaning could be elicited from
the words of Fridthiof. Hilding replied, " When Fridthiof spoke of a
vacant space, he seemed to intimate a delay, in order to deliberate
whether he should assist you in battle ; and when he pretended to choose
the fair-coloured pieces (fogru tablinu), he referred, in my opinion, to
your sister Yngibiarg, whom, therefore, you must guard carefully ; but
when I threatened him with your anger, and Biorn seemed to be between
* Ap. Bibrner, cap. 3. The whole is very obscure, and I have chiefly followed the
Latin and Swedish versions supplied by the Editor. His translation of loykostur
erupama bg, " tesserae in bivio vel in dubio sunt," is erroneous ; since dice are not
mentioned, and were not used either at Chess or draughts. This Saga was, probably,
composed at the end of the thirteenth century.— V. Miiller's Saga Bibliothek.
+ Saga af Olafi hinom Hilga, cap. 162, 163, tom, ii.pp. 275, 276. The sister of
this Ulfr was wife to Earl Godwin, and mother of Harold, King of England.
t "Ipse (Ethertcus) quoque mannum, curiam aditurus, ascendens, ipsumque
calcaribus urgens, Regem adhuc tesserarum vel scacorum ludo longioris Icedia noctis
relevantem invenit.—Hist. Rames. ap. Gale, vol. i. p. 224.
AND CHESS PLAYER'g CHRONICLE. 289
aSIarft.
WSO>ite.
GAME LXXXIX.
Well contested Game, between Mr. St—n and Mr. E. W., of the Bristol
Chess Club ; the former giving the odds of " Pawn and two Moves."
(Black's K. B. P. must be removed before playing over the Game.)
White. (Mr. E. W.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
1. K. and Q. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. K. B. to Q. third 2. Q. B. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. K. Kt. P. one
4. Q. B. P. one 4. P. takes P.
5. P. takes P. 5. Q. Kt. to B. third
6. K. R. P. two 6. Kt. takes Q. P.
7. K. B. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 1. K. R. P. takes B.
8. Q. takes Kt. 8. K. B. to Kt. second
9. Q. to K. fourth 9. Q. checks
10. K. to B. square (a) 10. Kt. to K. second
11. K. B. P. two 11. Kt. to B. fourth
VOl. I. N. S.
290 THE BE r\ MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. E. W.) Black. (Mr. St—n.)
12. Kt. to K. second 12. R. takes R. P.
13. R. takes R. 13. Kt. takes R.
14. Q. Kt. to B. third 14. R. to Q. Kt. square
15. B. to Q. second 15. Q. Kt. P. one
16. K. Kt. P. one 16. Q. B. to Kt. second
17. Q. to her third 17. Kt. to K. B. fourth
18. K. Kt. P. one 18. Q. B. to R. third
19. Q. to K. R. third 19. Kt. to Q. fifth
20. B. to K. third 20. Kt. takes Kt.
21. Kt. takes Kt. 21. K. to B. second
22. R. to Q. square 22. Q. to Q. Kt. fourth
23. R. to Q. second 23. R. to K. R. square
24. Q. to K. B. third 24. K. to his second
25. K. to Kt. square 25. Q. to Q. B. fifth
26. Q. Kt. P. one 26. Q. to Q. B. second
27. Q. to K. fourth 27. K. to K. B. second
28. Q. to Q. R. fourth 28. B. to Q. B. square
29. Q. to her fourth 29. Q. to Q. B. third
30. Kt. to K. Kt. third 30. Q. to K. B. sixth
31. R. to K. Kt. second 31. K. B. to K. B. square (6)
32. Kt. to K. fourth 32. K. to his Kt. second
33. K. B. P. one 33. R. to R. sixth
34. B. to K. B. second 34. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second (c)
35. Q. takes Q. P. (check) 35. K. to R. square
36. Q. to her eighth (d) 36. K. to K. Kt. square
37. Kt. to K. B. sixth (check) 37. K. to Kt. second
38. Kt. to K. eighth (check) 38. K. to Kt. square
AND THE GAME, AFTER A MOVES, WAS DECLARED DRAWN.
Notes to Game LXXXIX.
(a) By interposing either Knight or Bishop, it is obvious he would
have lost his King's Pawn.
(b) Black would have played ill in taking the K. Kt.'s P.
(c) An ingenious move, but somewhat too hazardous to be ventured
against so good a player as Black's opponent.
(d) Had he taken the Bishop, he would have been mated in two moves.
GAME XC.
Between Mr. St—n and a Member of the London Chess Club ; the
former giving the odds of the Queen's Knight.
[This lively Game originally appeared in a series of Games published
in the " Court Gazette."]
White. Black.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 291
White. Black.
3. Q. B. P. one 3. Q. P. one
4. Q. P. two 4. P. takes P.
5. Q. Kt. P. two 5. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
6. P. takes P. 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. K. Kt. to K. second 7- K. Kt. to B. third
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. Castles
9. Castles 9. Q. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P.
10. K. B. P. two 10. K. R. P. one
11. K. P. one 11. Q. P. takes P.
12. K. B. P. takes P. 12. P. takes B.
13. P. takes Kt. 13. P. takes P.
14. Q. R. P. one 14. Kt. to Q. B. third
15. Q. to Q. third 15. Kt. takes P.
16. Q. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 16. K. to R. square
17. Q. to R. sixth (check) 17. K. to Kt. square
18. K. to R. square 18. Kt. to K. B. fourth (6)
19. Q. to Kt. sixth (check) 19. Kt. to K. Kt. second
20. R. takes P. 20. Q. B. to K. third
21. Q. takes Kt. P. 21. Q. B. takes B.
22. Kt. to Kt. third 22. K. B. to Q. fifth
23. Kt. to K. R. fifth 23. B. takes K. R.
24. Kt. takes B. (check) 24. Q. takes Kt.
The Game was severely contested from this position for upwards of
twenty moves, and was ultimately declared a drawn battle.
GAME XCI.
Between two of the st Players in the Bristol Chess Club.
Black. (Mr. H.) White. (Mr. J. W.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. B. P. one 3. K. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. P. one 4. K. R. P. one
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. P. one
6. K. R. P. one 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. Q. Kt. P. two 7. B. to Q. Kt. third
8. Q. R. P. two 8. Q. R. P. two
9. Q. Kt. P. one 9. Kt. to K. second
10. B. to K. third 10. B. takes B.
11, P. takes B. 11. B. to K. third
v2
292 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
. Black. (Mr. H.) mite. (Mr. J. W.)
12. B. to Q. R. second 12. Kt. to K. Kt. third
13. Castles 13. Q. to her second
14. B. takes B. 14. P. takes B.
15. Q. to K. square 15. K. Kt. to R. fourth
16. K. Kt. to R. fourth 16. Kt. takes Kt.
17. Q. takes Kt. 17. Kt. to K. B. third
18. Q. Kt. to Q. second 18. Castles on Q.'s side
19. K. R. to Q. Kt. 19. Q. Kt. P. one
20. Q. B. P. one 20. K. Kt. P. two
21. Q. to K. square 21. K. Kt. P. one
22. K. R. P. one 22. K. Kt. P. one
23. Q. takes P. 23. K. R. to Kt. square
24. Q. to K. B. third 24. Q. R. to K. B. square
25. K. R. to K. B. square 25. K. R. to Kt. fifth
26. Q. to R. third. 26. Q. to K. Kt. second
27. R. to K. B. second 27. K. to Q. second
28. Kt. to K. B. square 28. R. to K. Kt. square
29. Q. R. to R. second 29. Kt. to K. R. fourth
30. K. to R. second 30. Q. to K. second
31. Q. to B. third (a) 31. K. R. takes R. P. (check)
32. K. to Kt. square 32. K. R. to Kt. fifth
33. Q. to B. seventh 33. R. takes Kt. P. (check)
34. K. to R. square 34. K. R. to Kt. eighth (check)
35. K. to R. second 35. Q. R. to Kt. seventh (check)
36. K. to R. third 36. Kt. to K. B. fifth (check)
37. R. takes Kt. 37. R. takes Q. R. (6)
38. Q. takes Q. (check) 38. K. takes Q.
39. R. to K. B. third 39. R- takes Q. R. P.
AND, AFTER A FEW MORE MOVES, BLACK RESIGNED.
GAME XCH.
Between Mr. E. W. and another Amateur of Bristol ; the former giving
the Q.'s Kt.
White. (Mr. E. W.) Black. (Mr. C.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 293
White. (Mr. E. W.) Black. (Mr. C.)
4. Q. Kt. P. two 4. B. takes P.
5. Q. B. P. one 5. B. to Q. R. fourth
6. Castles 6. Q. P. one
7. Q. P. two 7. P. takes P.
8. P. takes P. 8. B. to Q. Kt. third
9. Q. B. to Kt. second 9. K. Kt. to B. third
10. K. P. one 10. P. takes P.
11. B. to Ql. R. third 11. Kt. takes Q. P.
12. Kt. takes Kt. 12. B. takes Kt.
13. Q. to Q. Kt. third 13. Q. to Q. second
14. Q. R. to Q. square 14. Kt. to K. fifth
15. R. takes B. 15. P. takes R.
16. R. to K. square 16. K. B. P. two
17. K. B. P. one 17. Q. P. one
18. P. takes Kt. 18. Q. to her fifth (check)
19. K. to R. square 19. Q. P. one
20. R. to Q. square 20. P. takes P.
21. Q. to Kt. fourth 21. Ql. B. P. two
22. B. checks 22. K. to Q. square
23. Ql. to Kt. third 23. Q. to B. seventh
24. Q. to Q. fifth (check) 24. K. to B. second
25. Q. B. takes P. 25. Q. to K. eighth (check)
26. B. interposes 26. Q. takes R.
27. Q. to K. fifth 27. K. to Q. square
28. Q. to Q. sixth (check) 28. B. interposes
29. Q. takes B. (mate).
GAME XCIII.
Played between the late M. Bilguer and an Amateur of the Berlin
Chess Club.
White. (Mr. —.) Black. (M. B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Qt. B. fourth
4. Ql. Kt. P. two 4. K. B. takes Q. Kt. P.
5. Ql. B. P. one 5. K. B. to Q. third
6. Castles 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. Q. P. two 7- K. R. P. one
8. Q. Kt. to Q. R. third 8. K. B. takes Q. Kt.
9. Q. B. takes B. 9. Q. P. one
10. Ql. P. takes P. 10. Q. P. takes P.
11. Q. toQ. Kt. third 11. K. Kt. to K. second
12. K. B. to Q. fifth 12. Ql. R. to Q. Kt. square
13. Q. R. to Q. square 13. Ql. B. to K. Kt. fifth
294 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. —.) Black. (M. B.)
14. Q. B. takes K. Kt. 14. Kt. takes Q. B.
15. K. B. takes K. B. P. .(check) 15. K. to B. square
16. Q. R. to Q. third 16. K. Kt. P. two
17. K. R. P. one 17. Q. B. takes K. R. P.
18. K. Kt. takes K. P. 18. Q. takes K. Kt.
19. a R. takes Q. B. 19. K. Kt. P. one
20. K. B. to K. R. fifth. 20. Q. to K. B. fifth
21. K. B. takes K. Kt. P. 21. Q. takes K. B.
22. Q. R. to K. B. third (check) 22. K. to his square
23. a to K. B. seventh (check) 23. K. to Q. second
24. K. R. to Q. square (check) 24. K. to Q. B. square
25. a to K. B. eighth (check) 25. R. takes Q.
26. R. takes R., and checkmates.
GAME XCIV.
Played between the late M. Bilguer and a German Amateur.
White. (M. B.) Black. (Mr. —.)
I. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B.. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. checks
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. takes P.
6. Castles 6. P. takes Q. Kt. P.
7- Q. B. takes P. 7. K. B. to its square
8. Q. to her fifth K. Kt. to R. third
9. K. Kt. to its fifth 9. a to K. second
10. Q. Kt. to B. third 10. a P. one
11. Q. Kt. to its fifth 11. q. Kt. to K. fourth
12. Q. B. takes Kt. 12. Q. P. takes B.
13. Q. Kt. takes Q. B. P. (check) 13. a takes Kt.
14. Q. R. to Q. B. square 14. Q. to K. second
15. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (check) 15. Q. B. to Q. second
16. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 16. R. to Q. square
17. K. R. to Q. square 17. Q. B. takes B.
18. Q. takes B. (check) 18. R. to Q. -second
19. Q. R. checks 19. Q. to her square
SO. Q. takes R., checkmating.
GAME XCV.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 17th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 295
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
3. K. P. one 3. K. P. two
4. K. B. takes P. 4. P. takes P.
5. P. takes P. 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. to K. second (a)
7. K. Kt. to B. third 7. Castles
8. Q. B. to K. third 8. Q. B. P. one
9. K. R. P. one 9. Q. Kt. to K. second
10. K. B. to Q. Kt. third 10. Q. Kt to Q. Kt. third
11. Castles 11. K. Kt. to Q. fourth
12. Q. R. P. two 12. Q. R. P. two
13. K. Kt. to K. fifth 13. Q. B. to K. third
14. K. B. to Q.. B. second 14. K. B. P. two
15. Q. to K. second 15. K. B. P. one
16. Q. B. to Q. second 16. Q. to K. square
17. Q.. R. to K. square 17. B. to K. B. second
18. Q. to K. fourth 18. K. Kt. P. one
19. B. takes K. B. P: 19. Kt. takes B.
20. Q. takes Kt. (b) 20. Q. B. to Q. B. fifth
21. Q. to K. R. sixth 21. Q. B. takes R.
22. B. takes K. Kt. P. 22. P. takes B.
23. Kt. takes P. 23. Kt. to Q.. B. square
24. Q. to K. R. eighth (check) 24. K. to B. second
25. Q. to R. seventh (check) 25. K. to K. B. third
26. Kt. to K. B. fourth (c) 26. Q. B. to Q. sixth
27. R. checks 27. K. to Kt. fourth
28. Q. to R. sixth (check) 28. K. to B. fourth
29. R. checkmates.
Notes to Game XCV.
(a) B. to Q.'s third would have been better play.
(6) The subsequent moves show the clearness and accuracy of La
Bourdonnais' calculation, in thus giving up " the exchange."
(c) A bold and decisive coup de repos.
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 23.
White. Black.
1. R. to Q. B. seventh 1. Kt. to Q. square (his best move)
2. Kt. to R. seventh (check) 2. K. to Kt. square
3. Kt. to R. sixth (check) 3. K. to R. square
4. Kt. to B. eighth 4. Kt. to B. second
5. R. takes Kt., and mates next
move.
No. 24.
White. Black.
1. K. B. P. one (check) K. to B. square
2. K. to B. sixth P. one square
3. Kt. P. one square P. one square
4. Kt. P. one square P. one square
5. Kt. P. one square P. queens
6. Kt. P. mates.
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 8.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s fourth K. at Q. R.'s second
R. at Q.'s eighth R. at Q. R.'s third
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 297
White. Black.
Kt. at K.'s seventh B. at K. Kt.'s fourth
Kt. at Q.'s sixth Kt. at Q. B.'s second
P. at Q. B.'s sixth P. at Q. R.'s fourth
White, playing first, mates in seven moves.
No. 9.
By CalvI.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s fourth K. at Q. B.'s square
Q. at Q. Kt.'s fifth Q. at K. B.'s sixth
B. at K. Kt.'s third R. at K.'s second
Kt. at K. B.'s fifth R. at Q. B.'s second
Kt. at K.'s sixth B. at K. B.'s second
P. at Q. Kt.'s third Kt. at Q. R.'s square
P. at Q. Kt.'s sixth Pawns at K. R.'s seventh, at Q.'s
fourth, Q. R.'s second, and at
Q. Kt.'s second
White to move, and give mate in five moves.
No. 10.
This position occurred in a Game between M. Des Chapelles and
M. De la Bourdonnais.
White. (M. Des Chapelles.) Black. (M. De la B.)
K. at his seventh square K. at his Kt.'s square
Q. at her B.'s third R. at K. B.'s eighth
B. at K. R.'s fourth R. at Q. Kt.'s square
Kt. at K. Kt.'s fourth B. at Q. Kt.'s second
P. at K. R.'s fifth B. at K. R.'s third
Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s
second, K. Kt.'s sixth, K. B.'s
sixth, K.'s seventh, Q.'s fourth,
and at Q. B.'s fourth
White played first, and mated his adversary in five moves.
No. 11.
By LollI.
White. Black.
K. at his B.'s third K. at K. Kt.'s second
R. at Q. B.'s fifth Q. at Q.'s seventh
B. at Q.'s fourth R. at K. R.'s square
Kt. at K. B.'s sixth Pawns at K. Kt.'s third, and
Pawns at K. R.'s second, and K. B.'s sixth
K. Kt.'s fourth
White playing first, to mate in four moves.
Black, playing first, to mate in four moves.
298 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" R. A. B., Leeds."—We have much pleasure in acknowledging the
receipt of an acceptable budget of " Juvenile Problems," and the four
Games played by correspondence between the Leeds and Liverpool
Chess Clubs.
" F. W. N."—The game No. LXXXVI. in our last number was played
between Mr. St—n and a member of the Bristol Chess Club, the former
giving the Q.'s Rook.
" H. R., Brighton."—We are obliged by the suggestion, but fear it
is impracticable.
" S. M. G."—Mr. Lewis's " Second Series of Chess Lessons " may be
obtained at Goode's Divan. We know nothing of the old work men
tioned.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 299
"J. R., Scilly Islands."—The MSS. shall be examined, and a com
munication forwarded immediately.
*** Not having access this week to the letters of " An Old Chess-man,"
" Crito," " Post-Captain," " S. W., Leamington," and " Secretary," the
Editor is unavoidably compelled to postpone his answers to them until
the next number.
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Continued from p. 289.)
Nothing, indeed, is more probable than the introduction of Chess
into England by the Danes, and we cannot refer it to a more suitable
period than the reign of Canute himself. The tradition of this game
having been brought from the North certainly existed, and is mentioned
by Gaimar, who wrote about the year 1150, when speaking of the mission
of Edelwoth from King Edgar to the castle of Earl Orgar, in Devon
shire, to verify the reports of his daughter Elstrueth's beauty. When he
arrived at the mansion—
" Orgar juout a un esches,
Un giu Vil aprist des Daneis;
Od liu juout Elstrueth la bele,
Sur ciel n'ont donc tele damesele."
MS. Reg. 13 A. xxi. f. 133, c. 1.
" Orgar was playing at the Chess,
A game he had learnt of the Danes ;
With him played the fair Elstrueth,
A fairer maiden was not under heaven."
Whether we may receive, on Gaimar's authority, the inference, that
Chess was introduced among the Saxons so early as the tenth century,
seems dubious. Strutt,* indeed, Henry, and a few other writers, who
thought it easier to make assertions than researches, state, in round
terms, that the Saxons were well acquainted with the game. But the
only passage they refer to is the one in the Ramsey Chronicle, above
quoted, which does not sufficiently bear them out. Lye may, however,
have contributed to their error, in translating " Ttefl, Ludus latruncu-
lorum;" "Teefel start, Latrunculus;" and "Taflmon, Latro, sc. ad ludum
* Sports and Pastimes, Pref.p. iv. He speaks more correctly at p. 232.
300 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
latrunculorum, a Chess-man." He cites a poem in the Exeter MS. ;
but, on consulting that valuable and interesting volume, I find the game
there mentioned cannot be Chess, but it must be more nearly allied to
backgammon, since the use of dice is mentioned in it.* There are a
few other allusions to the table-game in the same MS. ; but, as far as I
am acquainted with the Saxon remains, there is no specific notice of
Chess in them, nor is the northern term of skaktafi ever made use of.
Dr. Hyde was of opinion that the English were indebted to the Normans
for the game, subsequent to the Conquest ; but this is refuted by what
has been previously advanced.
But, in either case, the general belief of Chess having been first
known in Europe after the crusade at the end of the eleventh century, is
shown to be unfounded.f William the Conqueror is, by tradition,
believed to have played at Chess ; and, according to Wace, it was well
known at the court of his father, Robert [1029—1035].
" Si Dues ama gieus convenables,
Deduit cPesches 6 de tables."
MS. Reg. 4. C. xi. f. 252. c. 2.
The same writer attributes great skill in the game to Richard I., son of
William Longsword [942—996], great grandfather of the Conqueror :—
" De tables 6 d'esches sont compaignon mater." J
• The passage is here subjoined. It is, like the greater part of the volume, very
obscurely written, and I am indebted to Mr. Price for his help in making any
thing of it
Hy twegan sceolon - They two shall together
tfpfle ymb sittan, - - - - - at the table-game sit,
thenden him hyra | torn to glide, - - whilst their anger glides away,
forgietan thara | geocran gesceafte ; - • shall forget the anxious cares of life,
habban him gomen on borde, - - they shall have game on the board,
idle hond eemet ..... with idle hand unoccupied,
lange neah tafles monnes ... long near the table-men,
thonne teoselum weorpeth ... shall they throw the dice (tessellas).
t It must at the same time be admitted, that the crusades contributed to make the
game more generally known. Robert, the Monk of St. Remy, who accompanied the
first adventurers in 1095, mentions the game of Chess (scud) among the amusements
of the Prince of Babylon and his troops ; but does not mention it as a diversion that
was new to him.—Ap. Bougars, vol. i. l. v. p. 51. Fouche de Chartres, another con
temporary and eye-witness, introduces Corbagath the Soudan playing at Chess (scacis)
on the approach of the French host.—16.vol. i. p.393, from whom William of Malmes-
bury copies the passage. When Richard I. was in Palestine, he captured a caravan
going from Babylon to Jerusalem with silks, &c, and among other things, " utres et
scaccaria."—Bromptm, col. 1245. Andinl235, King Louis IX. of France had apresent
sent to him from the Old Man of the Mountains, or Shiek of the Hassassins, of a set
of Chess-men made of crystal and gold, which, I have reason to helieve, are still in
existence in the Museum of M. Dusomarard, of Paris. See Joinville, p. 86, fol. Par.
1668, and note to the Roman de la Rose, tom. ii. p. 122, ed. Meon.
t Roman de Rou, tom. i. p. 127, ed. Pluquet.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 301
The ancient family of Rokewode, who bear for their arms, Argent, six
Chess-Rooks Sable, refer the origin of this coat to the skill of their
ancestor, in playing with William. It is thus mentioned in a treatise
compiled by one of their family in the time of James I. :—" And so
came these 6 towers or Chess Rookes, quasi de Rupe Lignea, wc
some do affirme were originarely geven to the firste bearer of this coate
for his excellente skyll in this exercyse, of in this respecte playenge wl
the Conqueror at his firste entery into this Lande. But whith' yt was
originarely confirmed for his extraordinary vnderstandinge of the game ;
or rather, as is more probable, for the experience of his g* fidellytie, and
excellente service of his Sovereigne, w' the defence of the comon weale
in all tymes of danger, I wyll not curiously defyne."* The same species
of tradition is preserved in the family of Bunbury, who bear, Argent, on
a bend Sable, three Chess-Rooks of the field. " It is reported," says
Randle Holme, " that the ancestor of this family was a great lover of the
game, and often exercised himself with William the Conqueror, who, in
memory of his excellency therein, gave him three Chesse-Rooks, as above
said, for his coat-armour." f We are bound, therefore, to believe what
Gerard Legh tells us in his " Accedens of Armory," 4to, 1568, when,
speaking of the game of Chess, he writes :—" This pastime did that
valiaunt prince King William the Conqueror so much use, that sometime
he lost whole lordshippes thereat ; as in Lincolnshiere and elswhere, I
think the auncient evidences thereof can declare." J Not having been
fortunate enough to meet with any of these " auncient evidences," I am
compelled to leave the further discussion of the Conqueror's knowledge
of the game to the descendants of the Norman barons who had the
honour of winning his lordships : but there is nothing improbable in
the supposition that William played at Chess. In the eleventh century
the game was well known ; and in Henry the Second's time, Gervase of
Tilbury, nephew of that monarch, assures us that the Exchequer took its
name from the chequered cloth spread in the Court, resembling the
Chess-board.§
But to return from this digression to the people of the North. As
early as the 13th century, a treatise was written in Icelandic, on the
game of Chess, entitled Vtskiring Tafl-listarennar, which is quoted in
the Sturlunga Saga, composed before 1300, as we learn from Paul
Widalin's " Commentaries on the Laws of Iceland." || And from some
fine copy of Widalin's work, (which has never been edited,) purchased of Professor
Thorkelin by Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Esq., who presented it to the Museum.
I have not been able to find the passage in it referred to, and the Sturlunga, although
printed, has not yet found its way to the library of the Museum.
* Tafl, Herwar, S. 7, 15, Latrunculi. Reisa tafl, Cod. Orm. 54, 61, Latrunculorum
ludum instruere. Threyta tafl, idem, 60, Ludere Latrunculis.
t Pence. t Yielded. § Reached. || Chess-board. f Courteously.
•* Faith. ft Pledge, stake. }J Entered.
§$ Playeth to win (Icel* at venna?).
Illl As. ff Liberally. **» Take. ttt At that time,
ttt Fy"e, i. st. 28—31, p. 25, ed. 8vo. 1806.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 303
almost universally, at this game, been abolished. The particular game
played by the Norwegian and Sir Tristrem, here called the long assise,
appears, in the old Anglo-Norman Treatises on the Game, under the title
of Covenant lei veint, and is played, with the condition annexed, that mate
is to be given in a certain number of moves, provided the red King is
not moved unless forced by a check, and none of the red pieces, unless
they are in danger of being taken.
" De le long asise ceste guy est,
Sy pust estre jue de quel part ke wus plest." *
It is one of those numerous fictitious positions which, in the thirteenth
century, were so much in vogue, but which, at present, afford but little
interest to the Chess player.
The testimonies of more modern writers, in regard to the fondness of
the Northern nations, and more particularly the Icelanders, for Chess,
are numerous, and confirm, in all points, what has been before advanced.
Olaus Magnus leads the van of these writers, and has already been
quoted. After him comes Dithmar Blefken, who visited Iceland in 1562,
and who says of the inhabitants :—" In the winter time they keep in their
beds for many days in succession, and amuse themselves with the game
of Chess, whilst their food is brought to them by their servants." f This
Blefken is the same writer who told the ludicrous story relative to the
Icelandic mode of giving an entertainment, which (with other similar
reports) drew down on him the indignation of Arngrim Jones. The cor
respondence of Wormius, in 1627 and 1648, establishes the fact men
tioned by Olaus Magnus, of the skill of the Icelanders in carving Chess
men out of bone ; and this is confirmed in the letter from M. La Peyrere
to M. La Mothe le Vayer, in 1644, where, giving an account of the same
people, he writes :—" J'obmetais de vous dire une particularite de l'esprit
des Islandois, qui n'est pas a mespriser. C'est qu'ils sont tous joueurs
d'eschets, et qu'il n'est point de si chetif paisan en Islande, qui n'ait
chez luy son jeu des eschets, faits de sa main, et d'osde poisson, taille a
la point de son couteau."J He adds (but I know not on what authority,
since I find it not in Snorre or Torfaeus), " the Chess-game is not only of
asiacs.
GAME XCVI.
Finely contested Game, between the Honorary Secretary and another
accomplished Player of the- London Chess Club.
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. P. one
5. K. R. P. one 5. K. Kt. to B. third
6. Q. P. one 6. K. R. P. one
7. Q. Kt. to K. second 7. Q. to K. second
8. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third 8. K. Kt. P. two
9. Q. B. P. one 9. K. Kt. P. one
10. P. takes P. 10. Kt. takes P. at K. Kt. fifth
11. Q. P. one 11. K. P. takes P.
Vol. I. N. S.
306 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. —..)
12. Q. B. P. takes P. 12. Q. Kt. takes P.
13. Kt. takes Kt. 13. Q. to K. fourth
14. Q. to K. B. third 14. B. checks
15. K. to K. B. square 15. Q. takes Kt.
16. Q. takes K. B. P. (check) 16. K. to ft. square
17. K. B. to K. second 17. Q. P. one
18. K. R. takes K. R. P. 18. R. takes R.
10. B. takes Kt. 19. R. to B. third
20. Q. to Kt. eighth (check) 20. K. B. to his square
21. Kt. to K. B. fifth 21. Q..B. takes Kt.
22. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 22. B. takes K. B.
23. Q. takes K. B. (check) 23. K. to Q. second
24. Q. to Kt. seventh (check) 24. K. to his third
25. K. P. takes Q. P. (check) 25. K. to B. fourth
26. B. to K. third 26. Q. to her B. fifth (check)
27. K. to his Kt. square 27- K. to his fourth
28. K. B. P. two (check) 28. K. to his B. fourth
29. Q. to Kt. fifth (check) 29. K. to his fifth
30. Q. takes B. 30. K. takes B.
31. R. to K. square (check) 31. K. to Q. fifth
32. Q. to K. Kt. fifth 32. R. to Q. third
33. K. B. P. one 33. K. takes P.
34. K. B. P. one (discov. check) 34. K. to Q. B. third
38. R. to Q. B. square 35. Q. takes R.
36. Q. takes Q. (check) 36. K, to Q. second
37. Q. to K. Kt. fifth 37. Q. R. to Q. square
38. Q. to K. B. fifth (check) 38. K. to Q. B. third
39. K. Kt. P. two 39. R. to Q. eighth (check)
40. K. to his B. second 40. Q. R. to Q. seventh (check)
41. K. to his Kt. third 41. K. R. to K. Kt. eighth (check)
42. K. to R. fourth 42. K. R. to R. eighth (check)
43. K. to Kt. fifth 43. Q. R. to Q. fourth
44. K. B. P. one 44. K. R. to his square
45. Q. takes Q. R. (check) 45. K. takes Q.
46. K. to B. sixth 46. R. to R. eighth
47. K. Kt. P. one 47. R. to B. eighth (check)
48. K. to his seventh 48. Q. B. P. two
49. K. Kt. P. one 49. R. to K. eighth (check)
50. K. to his B. eighth 50. K. to his third
51. K. Kt. P. one 51. R. to Q. eighth
52. P. one, becomes a Queen, and
wins the game.
AND CHESS FLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 307
GAME XCVII.
Between the Honorary Secretary and another Member of the London
Chess Club ; the former giving the Queen's Rook.
Black. (Hon. Sec.) White. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
8. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B, fourth 4. K. B. to K. Kt. second
6. K. P. one 5. K. Kt. P. one
6. Q. P. two 6. P. takes Kt.
7. Q. takes P. 7. Q. to K. second
8. Q. B. takes P. 8. Q. Kt. to B. third
9. B. to K. third 9. Q. P. one
10. Castles 10. Kt. takes K. P. (a)
11. P. takes Kt. 11. P. takes P.
12. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 12. K. to Q. square
13. R. to Q. square (check) 13. Q. B. to Q. second
14. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 14. R. to Q. B. square
15. B. to Q. Kt. third 15. K. to his square
16. Kt. to Q. B. third 16. Kt. to K. B. third
17. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 17. R. to Q. square
18. Q. takes Q. B. P. (4) 18. Kt. to K. fifth
19. Kt. takes Q. R. P. (c) 19. R. to K. B. square
20. Kt. to Q. B. sixth 20. B. takes Kt.
21. Q. takes B. (check) 21. R. to Q. second
22. K. B. to Q. R. fourth, and wins.
GAME XCVIII.
Brilliant Game, between two of the strongest Metropolitan Players j
White giving the odds of the Pawn and Move.
(The K. B. P. of White must be taken from the board.)
Black. White.
1. K. P. two 1. Q. Kt. to B. third
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
-t. Q. P. one 4. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
Xi
308 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. White.
5. K. B. checks 5. Q. B. P. one
6. P. takes P. 6. P. takes P.
7. K. Kt. takes Q. Kt. (a) 7. B. takes Q. (b)
8. B. takes Q. B. P. (check) 8. Q. to her second
9. B. takes Q. (check) 9. K. to Q. square
10. Kt. to K. B. seventh (check) 10. K. takes B.
11. K. takes B. 11. Kt. to B. third
12. Kt. takes R. 12. K. to his third
13. Q. Kt. to B. third 13. K. Kt. P. one
14. K. B. P. two 14. B. to K. Kt. second
15. K. B. P. one (check) 15. P. takes P.
16. P. takes P. (check) 16. K. takes P.
17. Kt. to K. B. seventh 17. K. R. P. one
18. K. Kt. P. two (check) 18. K. to K. Kt. third
19. K. Kt. P. one 19. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
20. R. to K. Kt. square 20. Kt. to K. B. seventh (check)
21. K. to his square 21. B. to Q. fifth
22. R. to K. Kt. second 22. K. takes Kt.
23. R. takes Kt. (check) 23. B. takes R. (check)
24. K. takes B.
AND, AFTER A FEW MORE MOVES, WHITE RESIGNED.*
XCIX.
Played, some years since, between r. Lewis and a celebrated Amateur.
White. (Mr. Lewis.) Black. (Amateur.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Castles 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. Q. P. one 7. K. B. to K. R. third
8. Q. B. to Q. second 8. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
9. Q. B. to Q. B. third 9. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
10. Q. to K. R. fifth 10. Q. P. one
• This and the following game have before appeared in print, but will be new to
the majority of our subscribers.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 309
White. (Mr. Lewis.) Black. (Amateur.)
11. K. Kt. P. one 11. Q. B.to K. Kt, fifth
12. Q. B. takes Q. Kt. 12. Q. B. takes Q.
13. Q. B. takes Q. 13. K. Kt. takes Q. B.
14. K. Kt. P. takes P. 14. K. R. checks
15. K. to K. R. square 15. K. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
16. Kt. to Q. R. third 16. K. Kt. to K. sixth
17. K. R. to K. B. second 17. Castles (a)
18. K. R. P. one 18. Kt. takes B. (b)
19. Kt. takes Kt. 19. K. B. P. one
20. Kt. to K. third 20. Q. B. P. one
21. Q. R. to K. B. square 21. Q. B. to K. Kt. third
22. Q. B. P. two 22. K. R. to K. square
23. K. R. P. one 23. K. B. P. one
24. K. R. P. one 24. K. B. P. takes P.
25. K. R. P. takes Q. B. 25. P. takes Q. P.
26. Kt. to K. Kt. fourth 26. B. to K. Kt. second
27. P. takes K. R. P. 27. K. R. to K. seventh
28. K. B. P. one 28. Q. R. to K. R. square
29. K. B. P. one 29. Q. R. takes K. R. P. (check)
30. K. to Kt. second 30. K. B. to his square
31. K. R. takes R. 31. P. takes K. R.
32. R. to K. square 32. R. to K. R. fourth
33. R. takes P. 33. K. to Q. second
34. K. to Kt. third 34. R. to K. B. fourth
35. Q. Kt. P. two 35. Q. Kt. P. one
36. R. to K. fourth 36. Q. P. one
37. P. takes P. 37. B. to Q. third (check)
38. K. to R. fourth 38. R. takes Q. P.
39. Q. R. P. one 39. R. to K. B. fourth
40. R. to K. second 40. Q. R. P. one
41. R. to K. B. second 41. R. takes R.
42. Kt. takes R. 42. K. to his third
43. K. to Kt. fifth 43. B. to K. fourth
44. Kt. to K. fourth 44. B. to Q. Kt. seventh (c) . .
45. K. to Kt. sixth 45. B. takes Q. R. P.
46. Kt. to Q. B. fifth (check) (<J) 46. P. takes Kt. (e)
47. K. B. P. one 47. K. to his second
48. K. to Kt. seventh
BLACK RESIGNED.
Notes to Game C.
(a) It is considered better play, at this point, to advance K. B.'s P. two
squares.
0) Had he taken the Rook, he must have lost the game immediately.
AND CHESSS PLAYERS CHRONICLti. 811
GAME CL
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 18th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. square 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. K. B. to Kt. second
6. Q. P. two 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. K. P. one 7. K. Kt. to K. second
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. Q. to R. fourth
9. a Kt. to K. fourth 9. K. R. P. one
10. Kt . to K. B. sixth (check) 10. B. takes Kt.
11. P. takes B. 11. Q. P. two
12. K. B. to Q. third 12. K. Kt. to B. fourth
13. Q. to K. square (check) 13. K. to Q. square
14. Kt,. to K. fifth 14. K. Kt. takes Q. P..(a)
15. Q. B. P. one 15. Q. Kt. takes Kt.
16. a takes Kt. 16. Kt. to Q. B. third
17. a takes Q. P. (check) 17. K. to his square
18. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (i) 18. Q. B. to K. third
19. B. takes Kt. (check) 19. K. to K. B. square
20. a to Q. B. fifth (check) 20. K. to Kt. square
21. B. to K. B. third 21. Q. to K. Kt. third
22. a to Q. fourth 22. Q. B. P. two
23. a. to K. fifth 23. Q. R. to K. square
24. K. B. to K. second (c) 24. P. to K. B. sixth
25. K. to B. second (a*) 25. P. takes B.
20. a B. to K. third 26. Q. Kt. P. one
27. K. R. P. two 27. Q. B. to Q. second
28. a to Q. fifth 28. Q. takes P. (check)
29. K. takes P. 29. B. to K. Kt. fifth (check)
30. K. to Q. second 30. R. to Q. square
and Mr. M'Donnell RESIGNED.
SOLUTIONS
TO THIS
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's "Chronicle."
No. 25.
White. Black.
1. Q. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 1. K. takes Q.
2. B. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 2. K. to Kt.'s fourth, or (A)
3. Kt. to K.'s fourth, mate.
(A)
White. Black.
2. B. to K. B.'s eighth (check) Q. interposes
3. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh (check
mate).
No. 26
White. Black.
1. Q. to K. R.'s eighth (check) 1. Kt. takes Q.
2. B. to Q. B.'s fourth (check) 2. Kt. interposes
3. B. takes Kt. (checkmate).
AND 0HES9 PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 313
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 12.
By Mr. Lewis.
White. Black.
K. at his seventh square K. at Q. R.'s sixth
Q. at K.'s sixth Q. at K. R.'s second
P. at K. B.'s seventh
White to win.
No. 13.
By Mr. Lewis.
White. Black.
K. at his B.'s eighth K. at Q. Kt.'s seventh
Q. at K.'s seventh Q. at K. R.'s third
P. at K. Kt.'s seventh
White to win.
No. 14.
By Sarratt.
White. Black.
K. at his R.'s square K. at K. Kt.'s square
Q. at K. B.'s sixth Q. at K. Kt.'s fifth
R. at K.'s square R. at Q. R.'s square
R. at Q.'s eighth B. at K. B.'s square
B. at Q.'s third B. at Q. B.'s square
Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s Kt. at K. Kt.'s third
second, Q. B.'s third, Q. B.'s Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. B.'s
seventh, Q. Kt.'s second, and second, Q. R.'s second, and at
at Q. R.'s second Q. Kt.'s third
White to win.
No. 15.
By G. TaruffI.
White. Black.
K. at Q. B.'s sixth K. at Q. R.'s square
Kt. at K. Kt.'s square Pawn at Q. Kt.'s third
Kt. at Q. Kt.'s square
White to win.
314 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
JBIacfc.
ESShtte.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
"An Old Chess-man."—We laugh at the pitiful opposition of the
Charlatan. Furnish us with full particulars.
" Crito."—Both solutions are correct. Neither the game, however,
nor problem, is suitable for our " Chronicle."
" Post-Captain."—The first passage quoted from our pages, referred
to a pamphlet, entitled " Observations upon a New Treatise on Chess,"
which we commend to the attention of Post-Captain ; if, after its perusal,
he requires additional evidence of the justness and propriety of our re
marks, we must refer him to Mr. G. Walker's answers to Chess Corres
pondents in " Bull's Life in London," during the past six years.
From the former he may learn the opinions which the highest contem
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 315
porary players entertain of Mr. George Walker's talents ; in the latter he
will find set forth, in choice and most delectable phraseology, the estima
tion in which Mr. George Walker's merits are held by Mr. George
Walker's self. Touching the other points adverted to by our corres
pondent, he will find them satisfactorily replied to in a forthcoming
review of Mr. Lewis's new edition of his " First Series of Lessons," now
on the eve of publication. Before, however, dismissing " Post-Captain's"
letter, we may be permitted to say a word on the subject of " The Laws
or Chess." Our correspondent, in common with very many amateurs,
labours under the egregious error of believing that the laws laid down in
Walker's compilations are the identical laws which, for the last quarter
of a century, have been established as guides by the London Club and
other leading Chess Clubs in Europe. To disabuse both him and them of
this mistake, we append a sample of the idle puerilities which Mr. G. W.
would feign foist upon the public as the bond fide regulations of these
societies :—
LAW XV.
By Mr. George Walker.
" The time allowed for consideration on each move is unlimited ; but
a player leaving the game unfinished, without permission of his adversary,
loses such game. A player loses the game if he quits the room without
similar permission." ! ! !—A New Treatise on Chess, Third Edition, 1841,
page 20.
It has long been decided, that, " If a player touch a piece when it is his
turn to play, he must move that piece, unless at the moment of touching
it he says, ' j'adoube.' " Mr. George Walker sapiently adds, " This rule
may be enforced, even should you touch one of the pieces with your coat-
sleeve, or should a third person by accident knock one of your pieces off
the table, and you stoop to pick it." ! ! !—See Walker's Edition of Philidor,
page 141.
" S. W., Leamington."—Both games are well played; and for the
shorter one we hope anon to find space.
" Secretary's " letter shall appear, if possible, in the next number.
" I. W. B."—We are not aware of the existence of a portrait of
M. De la Bourdonnais, or one of our countryman, Mr. M'Donnell.
" S. M. S."—The " Chess Player's Chronicle " may be obtained of any
respectable bookseller, or at Goode's Chess Rooms and Ries' " Grand
Divan." In the case mentioned, it would be better to receive the num
bers per post from our publisher.
" A Subscriber."—We hope shortly to be enabled to publish a
Series of Games between Mr. Cochrane and Mr. St—n. The games
alluded to between the Livonian and four French players have appeared
elsewhere ; they are very mediocre affairs.
316 TUB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
" V. H—d, Berlin."—Our best thanks are due for the polite cor
rection of a statement which we were led to make in a former number,
relative to the two celebrated Chess Players, Allgaier and Mend-
heih, (see page 218,) and we hasten to avail ourselves of the emenda
tion on our note, which has been so obligingly communicated. " Allgaier
and Mendheim are both dead. The latter, who died on the 25th of
August, 1836, was a leading member of the two Chess Clubs established
at Berlin; and on the termination of the match between the Clubs of
Berlin and Breslau, he was presented by the members of one Berlin Club
with a large silver box in testimony of their appreciation of the services
he had rendered to the other Club."
" J. G. B., Canonbie, Dumfriesshire."—In the position received,
if Black has the move, it appears to us that he can win easily, by ad
vancing his King's Kt.'s Pawn, and, when his opponent takes either that
or the Bishop, taking the White Bishop, and subsequently the two
Pawns.
" Palamedes."—Black should have a Pawn at his King's Rook's
second, in the position mentioned. The solution of the other Problem
in twelve moves is correct and ingenious. This correspondent's second
communication reached us too late for examination this week.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 317
MODEL GAMES.
Under this title we intend publishing a succession of games illus
trative of all the approved openings, for the purpose of exhibiting the
most skilful methods of conducting the attack and defence in each.
This series, selected with care, from the highest authorities, will be accom
panied with explanatory notes ; and, with the view to render it pecu
liarly attractive to amateurs, Will contain occasionally Games at Odds,
wherein the student will be shown how best to avail himself of the
advantages afforded by the various odds which he may receive in his
progress from superior players.
To the Secretaries and Heads of Chess Clubs.—An eligible
medium for enabling the large fraternity of Chess Players to commu
nicate with each other, has long been acknowledged a desideratum. In
attempting to supply this deficiency, by forming a nucleus round which
the lovers of the science may rally, and a Chronicle wherein the events
most interesting to them are recorded, the conductors of this periodical
may reasonably calculate on some assistance from the class immediately
concerned in the advancement of Chess, namely, the Secretaries and
Heads of Chess Societies. To these gentlemen, then, they confidently
appeal for assistance and co-operation ; soliciting them to transmit, for
the embellishment of this Miscellany, whatever, from their experience
and information, they may have acquired, that is remarkable, instructive
and entertaining.
HISTORICAL REMARKS
ON THE INTRODUCTION OF THE
GAME OF CHESS INTO EUROPE,
AND ON THE
ANCIENT CHESS-MEN DISCOVERED IN THE ISLE OF LEWIS.
By Sir Frederick Madden, F.R.S.
(Concluded from p. 304.)
But the fullest account of the Icelandic game at Chess I am ac
quainted with, occurs in the travels of MM. Olafsen and Povelsen, who,
during the year 1752—1757, took a statistical view of the island, by order
of the King of Denmark.* Of the southern division of Iceland, or
district of Kiosar, they write :—" The natives of this part of the island,
like the rest, play at different games, and take considerable interest in
* The original work was published in Danish, 2 vols. 4to. Soroe, 1772, and a
translation in French by Gauthier de la Peyronie, appeared in 5 tom. 8vo. Par. 1802.
318 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
them. They amuse themselves much at Chess, and also at draughts,
which they call Kotra ; but in the latter are various modes of play un
known to strangers, as, for instance, their Mylna, feeringar-tafl, yoda-tafi,
and others, which are very commonly used."* And of the western
division, or district of Borgarfiord :—" The people amuse themselves at
Chess, cards, and draughts : the two last are played most frequently.
They have a particular game at draughts, called Saint Otof's tavl, which
is played blindfold, whilst they recite an old ballad, which must be learnt
by heart. The spectators, during the game, observe perfect silence."f
And again : " The Icelanders have been familiar with the game of Chess
for many centuries s and among them are found players of astonishing
skill. The inhabitants of the west division chiefly excel ; and there are
simple countrymen who have the reputation of being great masters of
the game. The essential rules of this game are nearly the same as they
are every where else, with some few exceptions. Thus, the principal
pieces they call Menu and Skakmenn ; the King, Konungr ; the Queen,
Fru and Drotning ; the Bishop, Biskup; the Knight, Riddare ; the Cas
tle or Elephant, Hrokur; and the Pawns, Ped. Checkmate they express
by Skaka and Maata."X Then follow minuter details of various positions
or mates as are played by the Icelanders, such as Fuldt Bert, Litla Bert,
Heimamat (Fool's mate), Pedrifur (Pawn's mate), Blod-sott (Knight's
mate), Utkomumat, Fruarmat (Queen's mate), &c. ; but, as these games
differ from the mode of playing the game in the rest of Europe, it is
unnecessary to repeat them here ; but these are considered by the writers
the most ancient forms of the game in Iceland.
The above passages illustrate not only the Chess-men, as connected
With Iceland, but also the ancient draught-men found with them, which
are plain round pieces, cut also out of Rosmar's teeth, but which it does
hot fall within my present plan more particularly to notice.
The spot on which these figures were found, in all respects favours the
hypothesis. I have adopted. It is well known that the Hebrides or
Southern Islands (JSudureyar or Sud tier), as they were called by Icelandic
writers, were subject to the invasions of the Vikingr from the end of the
eighth century; and during the reign of Harald Harfager, about the year
675, were rendered tributary to the throne of Norway. The outer range
of these islands, in which the Lewis is comprehended, was chiefly
peopled by the Scandinavians, and they continued to have princes of
* See Chalmers's Caledonia, vol. i. p. 266 ; Pennant's Tour, 1772, vol. ii. p. 233 )
Antiq. Celt. Scand. p. 231, and the Saga of Magnusi Berfoetta, tom. in. p. 209.
t Antiq. Celto. Norm. p. 11. 4to. Copenh. 1786.
t Torf. Hist. Oread, p. 198, fol. Havn. 1715. Antiq. Celt. Norm. p. 52.
§ Torf. iii. 461 ; Spec. Regale, Pref. xx. Fragments of English and Irish History,
from the Lasdala Saga.
|| In 1248, Harald, King of the Isles, returning from Norway with his bride Cecilia,
daughter of the Norwegian monarch, a violent tempest arose, and the whole fleet
perished in the waves.'—Chron. of Man, ap. Johnstone, Antiq. Celt. Norm. p. 36.
f See Harallds Saga ens Harfagra, cap. 38, tom. i. p. 115.
320 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
took place, which restored them to light. The number of the sets forbids
us to regard them in the light of a present, or otherwise we might not
unaptly believe them to have been sent by Inga, King of Norway (1136—
1161), as a gift to Gorbred Olafson, whose reign over the Isles continued
thirty-three years, from 1154 to 1187, and whose power was so great as
to cause him to be elected King of Dublin. But the former is, on various
accounts, the more reasonable supposition.
Here, then, I shall conclude these remarks, which I fear have ex
tended to too great a length, but which seemed requisite towards the fair
illustration of these very curious Chess-pieces. The material they are
composed of, the peculiar forms of some of the figures, the costume, and
the locality, all conspire to point towards the North as their birth-place ;
and when we find these circumstances corroborated by the testimonies of
numerous authors in ancient and modern times, touching the existence of
the game of Chess in Scandinavia, and the skill of the natives in carving
similar figures, we cannot, I imagine, from all this evidence, hesitate in
assenting to the proposition I .have endeavoured to establish, viz. that the
Chess-men before us were executed in Iceland about the middle of the
twelfth century.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 321
muck.
mhite.
GAME CII.
[In obedience to the suggestions of several contributors, we this week
give some specimens of play by the leading Parisian Players.]
Between MM. Boncourt and St. Amant.
Black. (M. B.) White. (M. St. A.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. one 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. B. P. one 5. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
6. Castles 6. Castles
7. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 7. Q. P. one
8. Q. Kt. P. two 8. Q. B. to K. third
9. Q. Kt. to Q. second 9. K. R. P. one
10. Q. B. to K. R. fourth 10. K. to R. second
VOl. I.—N. S. Y
322 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (M. B.) White. (M. St. A.)
11. Q. R. P. two 11. Q. R. P. one
12. K. to bis R. square 12. K. R. to K. Kt. square
13. Q. to her B. second 13. K. Kt. P. two
14. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 14. K. R. P. one
15. K. R. P. one 15. K. R. P. one
16. Q. B. to K. R. second 16. K. Kt. to R. fourth
17. Q. P. one 17. K. Kt. P. one (a)
18. B. takes B. 18. K. B. P. takes B.
19. K. R. P. takes P. 19. K. R. takes P.
20. Q. P. takes P. 20. Q. P. takes P.
21. Q. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 21. K. Kt. checks (6)
22. P. takes Kt. 22. K. R. P. takes P.
23. Q. R. to Q. square 23. Q. to K. second
24. Q. Kt. P. one 24. K. R. to R. fifth
25. Q. Kt. takes B. (c) 25. K. R. takes B. (check)
26. K. to Kt. square 26. Q. to her B. fourth (check)
27. K. R. to K. B. second 27. Q. B. P. takes Q. Kt.
28. Kt. takes K. R. 28. Q. R. P. takes P.
29. Q. R. P. takes P. 29. R. to K. B. square
30. Kt. to K. B. third 30. Kt. to Q. R. fourth
31. Q. to K. second 31. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
32. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth (check) (rf) 32. K. to his Kt. third
33. Kt. to K. B. third 33. R. to K. B. fifth
34. Q. R. to Q. third 34. P. takes R. (check)
35. Q. takes P. 35. Q. takes Q. (check)
36. K. takes Q. 36. R. takes K. P.
37. R. to Q. seventh 37. R. to K. B. fifth
38. R. takes Q. Kt. P. (e) 38. P. at K. fourth, one
39. K. to his Kt. third 39. P. takes Kt.
BLACK RESIGNED.*
This and the following game are taken from a French Chess periodical.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 323
GAME CIII.
Between M. De la Bourdonnais and M. Szen ; the former giving
the odds of " Pawn and two Moves."
{The K. B. P. of White must he removed from the board.)
Black. (M. S.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1.
2. Q. P. two 2. K. P. one
3. Q. B. P. two 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. P. two
5. K. P. one 5. K. B. checks
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. K. Kt. to K. second
7. K. B. to Q. third 7. Castles
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. Q. to K. square
9. Castles 9. Q. to R. fourth
10. B. takes Kt. 10. Kt. takes B.
11. Q. Kt. to K. second 11. Q. P. takes P.
12. B. takes P. at Q. B. fourth 12. Kt. to Q. fourth
13. K. R. P. one (a) 13. Q. B. P. one
14. K. Kt. to K. R. second 14. Q. B. to Q. second
15. B. takes Kt. 15. Q. B. P. takes B.
16. Q. to her third 16. K. B. to Q. R. fourth
17. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third 17. Q. to K. R. third
18. K. Kt. to his fourth 18. Q. to K. R. fifth
19. Q. Kt. to K. second 19. K. B. to QL Kt. third
20. K. B. P. two 20. Q. B. to K. square
21. Q. R. to Q. square 21. Q. R. P. one
22. Q. to K. Kt. third 22. Q. takes Q.
23. Q. Kt. takes Q. 23. Q. R. to Q. B. square
24. K. Kt. to K. third 24. Q. R. to Q. B. second
25. Q. Kt. P. two (6) 25. Q. B. to Q. Kt. fourth
26. K. R. to K. B. third 26. Q. R. to Q. B. sixth
27. K. B. P. one 27. K. Kt. P. one
28. K. B. P. one 28. K. R. P. two
29. K. R. P. one 29. K. to his B. second (c)
30. K. Kt. from his K. third to 30. R. takes R.
K. B. fifth (d)
31. K. Kt. to Q. sixth (check) 31. K. to his Kt. square
32. K. Kt. P. takes R. 32. R. to Q. square
33. K. to his B. second 33. R. to Q. second
34. Kt. takes B. 34. P. takes Kt.
35. Kt. to K. second 35. K. to B. second
36. K. to his third 36. R. to Q. B. second
37. R. to Q. B. square 37. R. to Q. B. fifth
38. R. takes R. 38. Doubled P. takes R.
Y2
324 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (M. S.) White. (M. De la B.)
39. The doubled K. B. P. one 39- K. B. to Q. B. second
40. K. to Q. second 40. B. to Q. square
41. K. to Q. B. third 41. Q. Kt. P. one
42. Q. R. P. two 42. K. B. to Q. B. second
43. K. Kt. to his square
RESIGNED.
GAME CIV.
Played between two strong Players, at Goode's Chess Rooms.
Black. White.
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. Kt. takes P. 4. Q. to K. R. fifth
5. Q. to her third 5. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
6. Q. B. to K. third 6. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
7. Q. to her B. third 7. Q. P. one
8. K. B. to Q. third 8. K. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. Kt. to Q. second 9. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
10. K. Kt. P. one 10. Q. to K. R. fourth
11. K. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 11. Castles on K.'s side
12. B. takes B. 12. Kt. to K. B. sixth (check)
13. Q. Kt. takes Kt. 13. B. takes Q. Kt.
14. Q. B. takes Q. P. 14. Q. B. P. takes B.
15. K. R. to B. square 15. Q. takes K. R. P.
16. Kt. takes Q. P. 16. Q. R. to Q. square
17. K. P. one 17. Q. R. takes Kt.
18. P. takes R. 18. R. to K. square (check)
19. K. to Q. second 19. Q. checkmates.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 325
GAME CV.
Between the same Competitors.
Black. White.
1 . K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. B. P. one 3. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (a)
4. Q. to K. B. third 4. Q. to K. Kt. third
5. K. Kt. to K. second 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. P. two 6. P. takes P.
7. P. takes P. 7. B. to Q. Kt. third
8. K. P. one 8. K. Kt. to K. second
9. K. P. one 9. K. B. P. one
10. Q. Kt. to B. third 10. Castles
11. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth 11. Q. to K. square
12. Q. B. to K. third 12. Q. Kt. to Q. B. third
13. Q. R. to Q. square 13. K. to R. square
14. K. R. P. two 14. Q. Kt. to Q. square
15. K. R. P. one 15. K. B. P. one
16. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth 16. Q. B. takes P. (4)
17. Kt. takes Kt. 17. Q. takes Kt.
18. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 18. R. P. takes Kt.
19. R. P. takes P. (discov. ch.) 19. K. to Kt. square
20. K. R. to K. R. eighth (check) 20. K. takes R.
21. Q. to K. R. fifth (check), and
mate next move, (c)
GAME CVI.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 19th.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
K. P. two 1. K. P. two
K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
Q. to K. second 3. Q. P. one
326 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
4. Q. P. one 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. K. R. P. one 5. Q. Kt. to B. third
6. a B. P. one 6. Q. Kt. to K. second
7. K. B. to a Kt. third 7. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
8. K. Kt. P. one 8. Q. B. P. one
9. K. B. P. two 9. K. P. takes P.
10. P. takes P. 10. B. takes K. Kt.
11. R. takes B. 11. B. takes R. P.
12. K. B. P. one 12. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
13. R. to K. Kt. third 13. B. to Kt. fifth
14. Q. to K. Kt. second 14. K. R. P. two
15. Q. P. one 15. Q. Kt. to Q. second
16. B. to K. Kt. fifth 16. Q. to Q. Kt. third
17. Q. Kt. to Q. second 1 17. Castles on K.'s side
18. Q. B. to K. B. fourth (a) 18. Q. P. one
19- K. P. one 19. K. R. to K. square
20. B. to K. third 20. K. R. P. one
21. R. takes B. 21. Kt. takes R.
22. Q. takes Kt. 22. Kt. takes K. P.
23. Q. P. takes Kt. (6) 23. Q. takes B. (check)
24. K. to Q. square 24. R. takes K. P.
25. K. to Q. B. second 25. Q. to K. Kt. sixth
26. Q. to Q. fourth 26. Q. to K. sixth
27. Q. takes K. R. P. 27. Q. to K. R. third
28. Q. takes Q. 28. P. takes Q.
29. R. to K. B. square 29. K. B. P. one
30. Q. B. P. one 30. K. to B. second
31. P. takes P. 31. P. takes P.
32. K. to Q. third (c) 32. Q. R. to K. Kt. square
33. R. to K. B. fourth 33. K. to K. second
34. Kt. to K. B. third 34. Q. R. to K. Kt. sixth
35. K. to Q. fourth 35. K. to Q. third
36. B. to Q. square 36. Q. Kt. P. two
37. Q. Kt. P. two 37. Q. R. P. one
38. Q. R. P. two 38. K. R. P. one
39. Q. R. P. takes P. 39. Q. R. P. takes P.
40. B. to Q. B. second 40. R. to K. seventh
41. B. to Q. third 41. R. to Q. Kt. seventh
42. K. to K. third 42. R. to K. Kt. fifth
43. Kt. to Q. fourth 43. R. takes R.
44. K. takes R. 44. R. takes Q. Kt. P.
45. K. to K. third 45. K. to Q. B. fourth
46. Kt. to K. sixth (check) 46. K. to Kt. third
47. Kt. to K. B. fourth 47. R. takes Kt. (d)
48. K. takes R. 48. K. to Q. B. fourth
49. K. B. to K. second 49. K. R. P. one
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 327
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
50. K. to Kt. fourth 50. Q. Kt. P. one
51. K. takes K. R. P. 51. K. to Q. fifth
52. K. to Kt. third 52. Q. Kt. P. one
53. B. to Q. square 53. Q. Kt. P. one
54. B. to Q. B. second 54. K. to K. sixth
WHITE RESIGNED, (e)
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 16.
By Cozio.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s second K. at his R.'s square
B. at K. Kt.'s fourth Q. at her B.'s eighth
B. at Q. B.'s fifth R. at K.'s square
Kt. at Q.'s seventh R. at K. R.'s eighth
Pawns at K.'s seventh, Q. Kt.'s Pawns at K. R.'s third, Q. Kt.'s
second, and Q. R.'s third fourth, and Q. R.'s fifth
White to win in five moves.
No. 17.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White. Black.
K. at his Kt.'s square K. at his Kt.'s square
R. at K.'s third Q. at K. Kt.'s fifth
R. at Q. Kt.'s third R. at K. B.'s second
B. at K. B.'s fourth R. at Q. R.'s third
B. at Q. R.'s second B. at K. Kt.'s seventh
Pawns at K. R.'s sixth, and Q. B.'s Pawns at K. R.'s second, Q. B.'s
sixth second, and Q. Kt.'s third
White to win in five moves.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 329
No. 18.
By Mr. Lewis.
White. Black.
K. at his Kt.'s square K. at his Kt.'s second
Q. at K. B.'s fifth Q. at her B.'s third
R. at K. B.'s square R. at Q. B.'s fifth
Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s Kt. at Q.'s fourth
second, K.'s third, Q.'s fourth, Pawns at K. R.'s third, K. Kt.'s
Q. Kt.'s second, and Q. R.'s fourth, K.'s fifth, Q. Kt.'s third,
third and Q. R.'s fourth
White to win in eight moves.
f Uladt.
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IS
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330 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
N " Palambdes."—The solution in eight moves is ingenious, and
should have appeared in the present number, but that a valued contri
butor has favoured us with a still shorter method of effecting checkmate
under the prescribed conditions. (See Diagram, page 329.)
" X. Y. Z."—The problem shall have a place in our collection for
Young Players. Our correspondent, upon reading the last number, will
find that we have anticipated his wishes respecting the publication of
" Games at Odds." When the Pawn and two moves are given, the first
player cannot do better than play King and Queen's Pawns two squares
at the opening. There is a flaw in the first problem.
" J. R. D."—The verses extracted from Budden's translation of Greco
are not worth the trouble J. R. D. has expended on them.
" A Country Chess Player."—Full particulars of Des Chappelles's
challenge and its result have been published. " Did the match at Chess,
between the Paris and Westminster Chess Clubs, originate in a challenge
proceeding from the members of the former ? and if so, will you favour a
body of amateurs by publishing the defiance in question ? " The Paris
Club challenged the Westminster. The following is a copy of the docu
ment required :—
Copy of the Challenge, &c, from the Paris Chess Club.
(Received, per post, Jan. 3lst, 1834.)
" Les membres du Club Parisien, reunis en assembled generate,
ont arretee ce qui suit :—
" 1°. Qu'un de"fi de deux parties joue'es par correspondance serait
propose au Club de Westminster, a Londres.
" 2°. Que l'on jouerait les deux parties a la fois, et que chaque Club
aurait le trait dans l'une des deux.
" 3°. Si les deux parties sont gagnees d'un cote", le defi est consomme,
et l'enjeu assure" au parti gagnant ;—il en serait de meme si l'une des par
ties est gagnee et l'autre remise.
" 4°. Si les deux parties engagees sont remises, ou si chaque Club en
gagne une, chaque Club sera libre de retirer son enjeu ou de recom-
mencer un autre de"fi.
" Le Club Parisien propose un enjeu de cinquante livres sterling.
" Signe" pour copie conforme au registre du Club,
" Delannoy, Secretaire du Club."
" (Countersigned)
" De La Bourdonnais, Vice President du Club."
" Paris, le 29 Janvier, 1834."
" O. P."—We have concluded arrangements for the introduction of
masterly positions at Polish Draughts, and some specimens will be given
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 331
shortly. The Twenty-sixth Number will complete the First Volume of
" The Chess Player's Chronicle." Apply to the publisher.
" G. S. M., Manchester."—" Will the long-promised conclusion of
the article on ' The Automaton Chess Player ' appear in the first volume
of your Chronicle ? "—Yes.
" Honest, Wise, Hale, Bristol."—Too late for examination this
week. Will our correspondent favour us with his address ? and he shall
then receive the required particulars of the Club he mentions.
AN ACCOUNT
OF THE
VILLAGE OF STROEBECK, &c.
GAME I.
White. Black.
1. K. R. P. two squares 1. K. R. P. two squares
Q. P. two squares a P. two squares
Q. R. P. two squares Q. R. P. two squares
Q. to her third square Q. to her third square
2. Q. Kt. to B. third square 2. Q. Kt. P. one square
3. K. Kt. to B. third square 3. K. Kt. P. one square
4. Q. Kt. to its fifth square 4. Q. checks
5. Q. B. P. one square 5. Q. to Q. Kt. sixth square
6. Q. Kt. takes Q. B. P., checking 6. K. to Q. square
7. Q. Kt. takes R. 7. Q. B. to K. B. fourth square
8. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth square 8. Q. takes Q.
9. P. takes Q. 9. Q. Kt. to Q. second square
10. Q. B. to K. B. fourth square 10. K. Kt. to B. third square
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 335
White. Black.
11. Q. B. checks 11. K. to Q. B. square
12. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P., checking 12. K. takes B.
13. Kt. takes Kt. 13. K. takes Kt.
14. Q. R. takes P. 14. K. P. one square
15. R. to adv. Q. R. square 15. K. B. to K. Kt. second square
16. R. takes R. 16. B. takes R.
17. K. P. one square 17. K. to Q. B. second square
18. P. to Q. Kt. third square. 18. K. to Q. Kt. third square
19. Q. B. P. one square 19. P. takes P.
20. P. takes P. 20. Kt. to K. fifth square
21. K. B. to Q. third square 21. K. B. to its third square
22. B. takes Kt. 22. B. takes B.
23. K. to Q. second square 23. B. takes Kt.
24. P. takes B. 24. B. to K. second square
25. K. to Q. B. third square 25. K. B. P. one square
26. R. to Q. Kt. square 26. K. Kt. P. one square
27. Q. B. P. checks 27. K. to Q. B. second square
28. R. to Q. R. square 28. P. takes P.
29. R. checks 29. K. to Q. square
30. Q. Kt. P. one square 30. P. to K. R. sixth square
31. R. takes B. 31. K. takes R.
32. Q. Kt. P. one square 32. K. to Q.. second square
33. P. to adv. Q. Kt. square 33. K. to Q. B. third square
34. P. from adv. Q. Kt. square to 34. K. to Q. Kt. fourth square
Q. Kt. sixth square
35. K. P. one square 35. P. to K. R. seventh square
36. Q. P. one square 36. P. takes P.
37. P. takes P. 37. P. to adv. K. R. square
38. Q. P. one square 38. K. B. P. one square
39. Q. P. one square. 39. K. B. P. one square
40. Q. P. one square 40. P. to K. R. fifth square
41. P. from adv. Q. square to Q. 41 . P. to K. R. sixth square
sixth square
42. P. from Q. sixth square to Q. 42. P. to K. R. seventh square
fourth square
43. P. from Q. fourth square to 43. K. to Q. R. fifth square
Q. second square, and be
comes a Queen
44. K. to Q. B. fourth square 44. K. to R. sixth square
45. Q. to K. second square 45. K. to R. fifth square
46. Q. checkmates.
33 G THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME II.
White. Black.
1. K. R. P. two squares, Q. P. 1. K R. P. two squares, Q. P.
two squares, Q. R. P. two two squares, Q. R. P. two
squares, Q. to her third squares, Q. to her third
square square
2. K. Kt. P. one square 2. Kt. P. one square
3. Q. B. to K. B. fourth square 3. checks
4. Q. Kt. to B. third square 4. takes Q. Kt. P.
5. Q. R. to Q. Kt. square 5. to Q. R. sixth square
6. Q. Kt. to its fifth square 6. to Q. R. seventh square
7. Q. Kt. takes Q. B. P., checking 7. to Q. square
8. Q. to Q. Kt. fifth square 8. Kt. to B. third square
9. Kt. takes R. 9. P. one square
10. K. B. P. one square 10. B. checks
11. Q. R. takes B. 11. takes R.
12. K. to B. second square 12. Kt. to K. second square
13. K. P. one square 13. takes Q. B. P., checking
14. K. B. to K. second square 14. B. P. one square
15. K. Kt. to R. third square 15. P. one square
16. P. takes P. 16. takes P.
17. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth square 17. to K. B. square
18. Q. B. takes Kt., checking 18. takes B.
19. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth square 19. B. to K. Kt. fifth square
20. Kt. to Q. B. seventh square 20. P. one square
21. Kt. takes Q. P., checking 21. to his square
22. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 22. takes P.
23. Q. takes Kt., checking 23. takes Q.
24. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth square 24. takes B.
25. P. takes Q. 25. to Q. second square
26. R. to Q. B. square 26. Kt. P. one square
27. R. checks 27. to Q. third square
28. K. P. one square 28. Kt. P. one square
29. K. to his third square 29. B. P. one square
30. K. to Q. fourth square 30. to K. square
31. P. checks 31. takes P.
32. Kt. to K. B. seventh square, 32. to his third square
checking
33. R. to K. seventh square, check 33. K. to B. fourth square
ing
34. Kt. checkmates.
and chess flayer's chronicle. 337
JBIarft.
*
GAME CVII.
Of the two Games following, the first was played between M. Bledow
and the late M. Bilguer, and the other by M. Heidebrant and
M. Bledow, Members of the Berlin Chess Club.
Black. (M. Bilguer.) White. (M. Bledow.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. P. two (a)
4. B. takes P. 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. to K. B. third 5. Kt. takes B.
6. P. takes Kt. 6. Q. to K. R. fifth (check)
7. K. to B. 7. K. B. to Q. third
8. Q. to K. fourth (check) 8. K. to Q. square
9. K. Kt. to B. third 9. Q. to R. fourth
Vol. I.—N. S. z
338 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (M. Bilguer.) White. (M. Bledow.)
10. Q. P. one 10. K. R. to K. square
11. Q. to her fourth 11. Q. B. to K. R. sixth (6)
12. Q. to K. B. second 12. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
13. Q. to K. R. fourth (check) 13. Q. takes Q.
14. Kt. takes Q. 14. Q. B. checks
15. K. to his square 15. Q. B. takes P. (discov. check)
16. K. to Q. square 16. Q. B. to K. seventh (check)
17. K. to Q. second 17. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
18. R. to K. square 18. Q. Kt. to Q. second
ly. R. takes R. 19- K. takes R.
20. K. R. P. one 20. P. at K. B. sixth, one (c)
21. Kt. takes P. (<f) 21. B. takes Kt.
22. P. takes B. 22. Kt. to Q. Kt. third
23. Kt. to Q. B. third 23. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
24. Q. R. P. one 24. B. takes Kt.
25. K. takes B. 25. Kt. takes Q. P. (check)
26. K. to Q. fourth 26. Kt. to K. second (e)
27. B. to K. B. fourth 27. K. B. P. one
28. K. R, P. one (/) 28. Kt. to K. B. fourth (check)
29. K. to his fourth 29. Kt. takes K. R. P.
30. 11. to K. R. square 30. K. Kt. P. two (jr)
31. B. to K. Kt. third 31. K. B. P. checks
32. K. to his fifth 32. Kt. takes K. B. P. (check)
33. K. takes P. 33. K. to Q. second
34. R. takes K. R. P. (check) 34. K. to B. third
35. R. takes Q. B. P. (check) 35. K. to Kt. third
36. R. to Q. B. third 36. Kt. to Q. fifth (check)
37. K. to his Kt. fourth 37. R. to K. B. square
38. K. takes Kt. P. 38. R. to K. Kt. square (check)
39. K. to R. fourth 39. Kt. to K. B. fourth (check)
40. K. to R. third 40. Kt. takes B.
41. R. takes Kt. 41. R. to Q. B. square
42. R. to Kt. second 42. K. to B. fourth
43. K. to Kt. third 43. K. to Q. fifth
44. K. to B. third 44. R. to K. square
AFTER A FEW MORE MOVES, THE GAME WAS ABANDONED AS
RAWN.
GAME CVIII.
Between M. Heideurant and M. Bledow.
Black. (M. H.) White. (M. B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. to Kt. second
5. Q. P. two 5. K. Kt. P. one
6. Q. B. takes P. 6. P. takes Kt.
7. Q. takes P. 7. B. takes Q. P.
8. Q. B. to K. fifth 8. Q. P. two
9. K. B. takes P. 9. U. takes B.
10. P. takes Q. 10. B. takes B.
11. Castles 11. K. B. P. one
12. Q. Kt. to B. third 12. Q. B. P. one
13. Q. R. to K. square 13. K. Kt. to K. second
14. Q. P. one 14. K. B. takes Q. P.
15. Q. takes K. B. P. 15. K. B.to Q. B. fourth (check)
16. K. to R. square 16. R. to Kt. square
17. R. takes Kt., and checks 17. B. takes R.
18. Q. to K. B. second (check) 18. K. to Q. second
19. Q. takes R.
THE SECOND PLAYER RESIGNED.
GAME CIX.
From the unpublished Chess MSS. of Mr. Lewis, between Messrs. Lewis
and M'Donnell, the former giving the Pawn and two moves.
(White's K. B.'s P. must be taken from the board.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Mr. L.)
1. K. P. two 1.
2. Q. P. two 2. Kt. to B third
3. K. B. to Q. third 3. P. two
4. K. B. P. two 4. takes Q. P.
5. K. P. one 5 Kt. P. one
z2
340 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Mr. L.)
6. K. Kt. to B. third 6. K. B. checks
7. Q. Kt. to Q. second 7. K. Kt. to K. second
8. Castles 8. K. Kt. to Q. fourth
9. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 9. Q. to K. second
10. B. to Q. B. fourth 10. K. Kt. to K. sixth
11. Q. B. takes Kt. 11. P. takes B.
12. Q. to K. second 12. B. to Q. R. fourth
13. Q. R. to Q. square 13. B. to Q. Kt. third
14. Q. R. P. one 14. K. R. to K. B. square
15. K. Kt. to its fifth 15. Kt. to Q, fifth ,
16. R. takes Kt. 16. B. takes R.
17. Q. B. P. one 17. B. to Q. Kt. third
18. Kt. to K. B. sixth (check) 18: R. takes Kt.
19. P. takes R. 19. Q. takes P.
20. Kt. takes K. R. P. 20. Q. to K. R. fifth
21. Kt to K. Kt. fifth 21. Q. P. one
22. B. to K. B. seventh (check) 22. K. to his second
23. K. R. P. one 23. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
24. K. to K. R. second 24. Q. R. to K. B. square
25. K. Kt. P. two 25. B. to Q. second
26. B. takes K. Kt. P. 26. Q. to K. R. third
27. B. to Q. third 27. K. to Q. square
28. Q. Kt. P. two 28. K. to Q. B. square
29. Q. B. P. one 29. Q. B. P. one
30. Q. R. P. one 30. B. to Q. fifth
31. B. to K. fourth 31. R. to K. R. square
32. Q. Kt. P. one 32. B. to K. fourth (a)
33. Q. Kt. P. takes P. 33. P. takes P.
34. K. B. P. takes B. 34. Q. takes Kt.
35. K. to Kt. second 35. Q. takes P. at K.'s fourth
36. Q. takes P. 36. B. takes K. Kt. P.
37. B. to K. B. fifth (check) (b) 37. B. takes B.
38. Q. takes Q. 38. B. takes K. R. P. (check)
39. K. to Kt. third 39. P. takes Q.
40. R. to K. R. square 40. K. to Q. Kt. second
41. R. takes B. 41. R. takes R. (check)
42. K. takes R. 42. K. to Kt. third, and wins.
GAME CX.
Through the kindness of the Honorary Secretary of the London Club,
we are enabled to present a series of games possessing peculiar at
tractions for the admirers of Chess-skill, the majority of them having
been recently played between the distinguished Amateur, Mr. C—e,
and some of the best Players in the Metropolis.
White. (Mr. P.) Black. (Mr. C—e.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one Q. to K. second
5. Castles Q. P. one
6. Q. P. two K. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. Q. B. to K. third 7. K. Kt. to B. third
8. Q. Kt. to Q. second 8. a B. to K. Kt. fifth
9. Q. P. one 9. Kt. to Q. square
10. B. takes B. 10. Q. R. P. takes B.
11. CI. to her B. second 11. Kt. to K. R. fourth
12. K. R. P. one 12. B. to Q. second
13. K. to R. second 13. Castles
14. Kt. to K. Kt. square 14. K. B. P. two
15. Q. to Q. square 15. Q. to K. B. second
16. K. P. takes K. B. P. 16. Q. takes P.
17. K. Kt. P. two
BLACK CHECKMATES IN THREE MOVES.
GAME CXI.
Between the same Players.
White. (Mr. C— e.) Black. (Mr. P.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. P. two 3. B. takes Q. P.
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. Q. P. one
5. Kt. takes B. 5. P. takes Kt.
6. Q. takes P. 6. K. Kt. to B. third
7. B. to K. Kt. fifth 7. Q. Kt. to B. third
8. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 8. B. to Q. second
9. B. takes Q. Kt. 9. B. takes B.
10. B. takes Kt. 10. Q. takes B.
11. Q. takes Q. 11. P. takes Q.
12. Castles 12. Castles on Q.'s side
13. Kt. to B. third 13. K. R. to K. Kt. square
342 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. C—e.) Black. (Mr. P.)
14. K. B. P. one 14. K. R. P. two
15. a R. P. two 15. K. R. P. one
16. Q. Kt. P. two 16. K. R. to Kt. third
17. Q. Kt. P. one 17. B. to Q. second
18. Kt. to Q. fifth 18. Q. R. to K. square
19. Kt. to K. B. fourth 19. K. R. to Kt. fourth
20. Q. B. P. two 20. P. to K. B. fourth
21. Kt. to R. third 21. K. R. to Kt. square
22. Kt. to K. B. second 22. P. takes P.
23. Kt. takes P. 23. R. to Kt. third
24. K. R. to K. square 24. K. B. P. two
25. Kt. to Q. B. third 25. Q. R. to K. Kt. square
26. Q. R. to Q. R. second 26. Q. B. P. one
27. P. takes P. 27. P. takes P.
28. K. R. P. one 28. B. to K. third
29. R. to Kt. second 29. B. takes Q. B. P.
30. K. R. to Q. Kt. square 30. B. to Q. R. third
31. Q. R. to Q. Kt. eighth (check) 31. K. to Q. B. second
32. R. takes R. 32. R. takes R.
33. R. to Q. Kt. fourth 33. R. to K. R. square
34. R. to GU fourth 34. B. to Q. B. square
35. K. to B. second 35. B. to Q. second
36. R. to K. B. fourth 36. Q. P. one
37. K. to K. third 37. K. to Q. third
38. R. to Q. fourth 38. K. to K. fourth
39. R. to Q. Kt. fourth 39. Q. B. P. one
40. K. B. P. one (check) 40. K. to K. third
WHITE RESIGNED.
GAME CXII.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 20th.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. square 4. Q. P. one
5. Q. P. two 5. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
6. Q. to Q. third 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. K. B. takes K. B. P. (ch.) (a) 7. K. takes B.
8. Q. to Q. Kt. third (check) 8. K. to Kt. third
9. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 9. Q. Kt. takes Q. P. (A)
10. Q. takes Q. R. 10. K. Kt. to B. third (c)
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 343
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
11. Q. Kt. to R. third 11. K. B. P. one
12. K. Kt. P. one 12. Q. B. to K. R. sixth (check)
13. K. to his square 13. Q. to K. Kt. fifth
14. Q. B. to K. third 14. Q. P. one (d)
15. Q. takes Q. R. P. 15. Q. Kt. to B. third
16. Q. takes Q. B. P. 16. Q. P. one
17. Q. B. to Q. second (e) 17. Q. takes K. P. (check)
18. K. to Q. square 18. K. B. P. one
19. K. Kt. takes B. 19. Q. to K. B. sixth (check)
20. K. to Q. B. square 20. Q. takes R. (check), and
wins. (/)
No. 32.
ByX. Y. X.
White. Black.
K. at his square K. at Q. R.'s fourth
Q. at K. B.'s fourth Q. at her square
R. at K. R.'s square R. at K. R.'s square
R. at Q. R.'s square R. at Q. R.'s square
B. at Q.'s fourth B. at K. B.'s square
Kt. at Q. R.'s third B. at Q. B.'s square
Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s Kt. at K.'s second
second, Q. B.'s second, Q. Kt.'s Kt. at Q. Kt.'s square
second, and Q. R.'s second Pawns at K. R.'s second, Q.'s
second, Q. B.'s third, Q. Kt.'s
second, and Q. R.'s third
White playing first, gives mate in five moves.
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 29.
White. Black.
1. Q. to her B.'s fourth 1. K. to his R.'s fourth
2. K. to his Kt.'s third 2. K. takes P.
3. Q. to her fourth 3. K. to R.'s fourth
4. (J. to her Kt.'s second 4. K. to R.'s third, or (A)
5. Q. to her R.'s square 5. K. to R.'s fourth
6. Q. to K. R.'s square, mate.
(A)
4. K. R. P. one
5. Q. to K. Kt.'s second (mate).
No. 30.
White. Black.
1. Q. to her R.'s fourth 1. K. to Q. R.'s third
2. P. advances. 2. K. to R.'s second
3. B. to K. B.'s third 3. K. to R.'s third
4. Q. to Q. B.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to R.'s second
5. Q. to Q. B.'s fifth (check) 5. K. to R.'s third
6. P. mates.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 345
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 19.
By Mr. Lewis.
White. Black.
K. at his R.'s second K. at his R.'s square
B. at Q. B.'s eighth Pawns at K. R.'s third, K. Kt.'s
Pawns at K. R.'s fourth, K. B.'s second, Q. Kt.'s fifth, and Q.
third, K. B.'s fifth, and Q. R.'s R.'s fifth
second
If Black play Q. Kt. P. one square, what must White play to draw the
game?
No. 20.
By Cozio.
White. Black. .
K. at his Kt.'s fourth K. at his R.'s square
R. at Q.'s second R. at Q. R.'s third
B. at K.'s fourth R. at Q. Kt.'s third
Pawns at K. Kt.'s fifth, and K Pawns at K. Kt.'s second, Q. Kt.'s
B.'s fifth sixth, and Q. R.'s seventh
White playing first, wins in five moves.
No. 21.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White. Black.
K. at his seventh K. at his B.'s fourth
Kt. at K. Kt.'s fourth Pawns at K. R.'s third, K. Kt.'s
Kt. at K. B.'s second fourth, K. B.'s sixth, and Q.
Pawns at K. R.'s fifth, K.'s third, B.'s fifth
Q. B.'s third, and Q. Kt.'s
second
White to play, and win in six moves.
No. 22.
By Mr. Lewis.
White. Black.
K. at Q.'s second K. at Q.'s fourth
Kt. at Q. B.'s eighth B. at K. R.'s eighth
P. at Q. B.'s second Pawns at Q.'s third, Q. Kt.'s
fourth, and Q. R.'s fourth
White to draw.
34G TIIE DRIT1SII MISCELLANY,
No. 23.
By Sensuit.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s square K. at his Kt.'s second
R. at K. R.'s eighth Pawn at Q. R.'s sixth
R. at K. B.'s eighth
Kt. at K. Kt.'s eighth
P. at Q. R.'s second
White compels Black to mate in fifteen moves.
math.
SOME REMARKS
ON THE
EUROPEAN NAMES OF CHESS-MEN.
By Francis Douce, Esa.
3Blacit.
GAME CXIII.
Well played Game, between Mr. St—n and one of the best Metropolitan
Players.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. S—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. B. P. one (a) 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. to K. B. third 5. Castles
6. Q. P. one 6. Q. P. one
7. K. B. P. one 7. Q. Kt. to R. fourth
8. Q. Kt. P. two 8. B. takes K. Kt.
9. P. takes Kt. 9. B. to Q. B. fourth
10. Q. Kt. to Q. second 10. Q. B. P. one
11. Kt. to Q. Kt. third 11. Q. Kt. P. two
12. P. takes P. en passant 12. K. B. takes P.
13. Q. Kt. to Q. second 13. Q. P. one
Vol. I. N. S. 2 A
354 THE BBITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. S—.)
14. B. to Q. Kt. third 14. Q. B. to Q. R. third
15. Q. B. to Q. R. third 15. R. to K. square
16. Castles on Q.'s side 16. K. R. P. one
17. K. Kt. P. two 17. Kt. to K. R. second
18. K. R. P. two 18. K. B. to Q. R. fourth
19. Kt. to Q. Kt. square 19. a. P. one
20. Q. B. P. one 20. Q. R. to Kt. square
21. K. to Q. B. second 21. K. B. P. one
22. Q. B. P. one (discov. check 22. K. to R. square
with the B.)
23. K. Kt. P. one 23. K. B. P. takes P.
24. R. P. takes P. 24. Kt. takes P.
25. Q. to K. R. fifth 25. Q. to K. second
26. Q. R. to K. Kt. square 26. Kt. to K. R. second
27- K. R. to R. second 27. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth
28. K. R. to K. Kt. second (6) 28. Q. takes Q. B. P. (check)
29. K. to Q. square 29. B. takes B.
30. Kt. takes B. 30. Q. to her B. sixth (c)
31. B. to Q. B. second (d) 31. B. takes Q. P.
32. Q. to Kt. fourth 32. Kt. to Kt. fourth
33. Q. to Kt. third. 33. B. takes B. (check)
BLACK RESIGNS (e).
GAME CXIV.
Between the same Opponents.
White. (Mr, Sr—.) Black. (Mr. -~0
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two ' 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. to B. third (a)
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 355
White. (Mr. S—.) Black. (Mr. —.)
5. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 5. K. R. P. one
6. B. takes Kt. 6. Q. takes B.
7. Castles 7. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
8. K. P. one 8. Q. to K. Kt. third
9. Q. B. P. one 9. P. takes P.
10. Q. Kt. takes P. 10. Castles
11. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth 11. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
12. Q. Kt. P. two 12. K. to R. square
13. Q. Kt. P. one 13. Kt. to Q. R. fourth
14. B. to Q. third 14. Q. to K. third
15. B. to Q. B. second 15. Q. B. P. one
16. Q. Kt. to K. B. fourth 16. Q. to her B. fifth
17. K. Kt. P. one 17. Q. takes Q. Kt. P.
18. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. sixth (check) 18. K. to his Kt. square (J)
19. Q. to her sixth 19. Q. to her B. fourth (c)
20. Kt. to K. seventh (check) 20. K. to R. square
21. Q. to her third 21. K. Kt. P. one
22. Kt. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 22. P. takes Kt.
23. Q. takes K. Kt. P. 23. Q. to K. second
24. Q. takes K. R. P. (check) 24. K. to his Kt. square
25. Kt. to Kt. fifth 25. Q. to K. Kt. second
26. B. to R. seventh (check) 26. K. to R. square
27. Q. to R. fifth 27. B. to Q. square
28. B. to K. Kt. sixth (discov. check) 28. K. to Kt. square
29. Kt. to R. seventh 29. B. to K. second
30. Kt. takes R. 30. B. takes Kt.
31. Q. R. to Q. square 31. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
32. K. R. to K. square 32. Q. P. two
33. K. P. one 33. K. B. to Q. third
34. Q. R. to Q. fourth 34. Kt. to K. fourth
35. K. R. takes Kt. 35. B. takes R.
36. B. to K. B. seventh (check) 36. K. to B. square
37. R. to K. Kt. fourth 37. Q. to B. third
38. R. to K. Kt. sixth
BLACK RESIGNED.
2a 2
356 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME CXV.
Between Mr. C— and the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess
Club.
White. (Mr. C.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
'3. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. square 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. to K. R. fourth
6. Q. P. two 6. Q. P. one
7. Q. Kt. to B. third 7. Q. B. P. one
8. K. R. P. two 8. K. R. P. one
9. Q. to K. second 9. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
10. Q. P. one 10. K. B. to K. Kt. second
11. Q. B. to Q. second 11. Kt. to K. second
12. Q. to K. B. second 12. Q. B. takes K. Kt.
13. K. Kt. P. takes B. 13. Q. Kt. to Q. second
14. Q. P. takes P. 14. Q. Kt. P. takes P.
15. Q. to K. Kt second 15. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
16. B. to K. second 16. Q. to Kt. third
17. Kt. to Q. square 17. K. B. P. two
18. Kt. to B. second 18. K. B. P. takes P.
19. Kt. takes P. 19. Q. P. one
20. K. R. P. one 20. Q. to K. third
21. Kt. to Q. B. fifth 21. Q. to K. B. second
22. Kt. to Q. third 22. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
23. Kt. takes Q. Kt. 23. B. takes Kt.
24. B. to Q. third 24. Kt. to Kt. sixth (check)
25. Q. takes Kt. 25. P. takes Q.
26. K. B. to K. Kt: sixth 26. Castles on K.'s side
27. B. takes Q. (check) 27. R. takes B.
28. K. to Kt. second 28. B. takes P.
29. Q. R. to K. square 29. Q. R. to K. B.
30. K. R. to B. square 30. B. to Q. R. sixth
31. R. to K. sixth 31. R. to B. third
32. R. takes R. 32. R. takes R.
33. K. takes P. 33. B. checks
34. K. to Kt. fourth 34. B. to K. B. fifth
35. B. to Q. B. third 35. R. to K. third
36. K. to B. fifth 36. K. to B. second
37. R. to Q. Kt. square 37. R. to K. second
38. B. to K. B. sixth 38. R. to Q. second
39. Q. B. P. one 39. Q. B. P. one
40. R. to Q. square 40. R. to Q. third
41. B. to K. fifth 41. R. to K. third
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 357
White. (Mr. C.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
42. B. takes B. (a) 42. R. to K. B. third (check)
43. K. to K. fifth 43. R. takes B.
44. K. takes P. 44. R. takes K. B. P.
45. K. takes Q. B. P. 45. R. takes Q. B. P. (check)
46. K. to Q. sixth 46. R. to K. R. sixth
47. R. to K. B. square (check) 47. K. to Kt. second
48. K. to K. seventh 48. R. to K. sixth (check) (6)
49. K. to Q. sixth 49. R. to K. fifth
50. R. to Q. B. square 50. R. to K. B. fifth
51. R. to Q. B. seventh (check) 51. R. to K. B. second
52. R. to Q. B. eighth 52. K. to B. third
53. R. to K. Kt. eighth 53. K. to B. fourth
54. K. to Q. fifth 54. K. to Kt. fifth, and wins.
GAME CXVI.
This masterly Game was played between Dr. Bledow and M. Bilguer,
only a short period before the hitter's death.
White. (Dr. B.) Black. (M. B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. P. two
3. Q. P. one (a) 3. K. Kt. to B. third
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. K. B. P. takes P.
5. P. takes P. 5. Kt. takes P. (6)
6. Q. to her fifth 6. Kt. to Q. third
7. Kt. takes K. P. 7. Q. B. P. one
8. Q. to K. B. seventh (ch.) (c) 8. Kt. takes Q.
9. B. takes Kt. (check) 9. K. to his second
10. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth (check) 10. K. to Q. third
11. B. takes Q. 11. K. takes Kt.
12. K. B. P. two (check) 12. K. to his B. fourth
13. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 13. K. B. checks
14. Q. B. P. one 14. K. R. to B. square
15 K. B. to Q. Kt. third 15. K. R. P. one
16. K. B. to Q. B. second (check) 16. K. to his Kt. fifth
17. K. B. to Q. square (check) 17. K. to B. fourth
18. K. Kt. P. two (check) 18. K. to Kt. third
19. K. B. to Q. B. second (check) 19. K. to B. second
3.58 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
While. (Dr. B.) Black. (M. B.)
20. Q. B. to K. R. fourth 20. K. B. to K. second
21. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 21. Q. P. two
22. K. B. P. one 22. Q. Kt. to Q. second
23. Kt. to Q. second 23. K. B. to his B. third
24. Kt. to K. B. third 24. K. R. checks
25. K. to his B. second 25. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
26. K. R. to K. square 26. Q. B. to Q. second
27- Q. Kt. P. two 27- Kt. to K. fifth (check)
28. R. takes Kt. 28. U. P. takes R.
29. K. B. to U. Kt. third (check) 29. K. to his B. square
30. Q. B. to Q. sixth (check) 30. B. interposes
31. Kt. to K. fifth (d) 31. K. Kt. P. two (e)
32. K. B. P. one 32. K. P. one (check)
33. K. to his Kt. square
BLACK ABANDONED THE GAME.
GAME CXVII.
Just played between Messrs. P—t and St—n.
Black. (Mr. P.) White. (Mr. S—.)
1. K. P. two 1. a b. p. two
2. Q. B. P. one 2. K. P. one
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. P. two
4. K. P. one 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. Q.. P. two 5. Q. to her Kt. third
6. K. B. to Q. third 6. Q. B. to Q. second
7. K. B. to Q. B. second 7. Q- R. to Q. B. square
8. Castles 8. Q. R. P. two
9. a r. p. two 9. K. Kt. P. one
10. Q. P. takes P. 10. K. B. takes P.
11. Q. Kt. to R. third 11. K. B. P. one
12. P. takes P. 12. K. Kt. takes P.
13. Q. Kt. to Kt. fifth 13. Castles
14. Q. B. to K. R. sixth 14. K. Kt. to Kt. fifth (a)
15. B. takes R. 15. B. takes K. B. P. (check)
16. K. to R. square 16. R. takes B.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 359
Black. (Mr. P.) White. (M. S—.)
17. Q. to K. second 17. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
18. K. Kt. to Q. fourth 18. R. takes R. (check)
19. R. takes R. 19. K. P. one
20. Q. to K. B. third (5) 20. Q. Kt. to Q. square
21. Q. takes Q. P. (check) 21. B. to K. third
22. Kt. takes B. 22. Kt. takes Kt.
23. B. to Q. Kt. third
AND WHITE RESIGNED.
GAME CXVIII.
Between the same Players.
White. (Mr. S.) Black. (Mr. P.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. P. one 5. Castles
6. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 6. K. R. P. one
7. Q. B. to K. R. fourth 7. Q. P. one
8. Castles 8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
9. Q. Kt. to Q. second 9. K. Kt. P. two
10. B. to K. Kt. third 10. K. Kt. to K. R. fourth
11. K. to R. square 11. Q. Kt. to K. second
12. K. R. P. one 12. Q. B. to Q. second
13. Q. P. one 13. K. P. takes P.
14. K. Kt. takes P. at Q. fourth 14. K. Kt. to Kt. second
15. K. B. P. two 15. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
16. K. B. P. one 16. Q. Kt. to K. fourth
17. K. B. P. one 17. K. Kt. to K. third
18. Q. B. takes Kt. 18. Q. P. takes B.
19. K. Kt. to Q. Kt. third 19. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
20. Q. to K. R. fifth 20. K. to R. second
21. Q. R. to Q. square 21. K. B. to K. sixth.
22. Kt. from Q. second to K. B. 22. Q. to K. square
third
23. Kt. takes K. P. 23. Kt. to K. B. fifth
24. R. takes Kt. 24. B. takes R.
25. R. takes Q. B.
BLACK RESIGNED THE GAME.
'MO THE 11R1TISH MISCELLANY,
GAME CXIX.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donmell.
(Game 21st.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. to K. second 3. K. Kt. to B. third
4. Q. P. one 4. Q. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. B. P. one 5. Q. Kt. to K. second
6. K. B. P. two 6. P. takes P. (a)
7. a P. one 7. K. B. to Kt. third
8. Q. B. takes P. 8. Q. P. one
9. K. B. to Q. third 9. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third
10. Q. B. to K. third 10. Castles
11. K. R. P. one 11. K. R. to K. square
12. Q. Kt. to Q. second 12. Q. to K. second
13. Castles on Q.'s side 13. Q. B. P. two
14. K. to Kt. square 14. P. takes P.
15. P. takes P. 15. Q. R. P. two
16. K. Kt. to B. third 16. Q. B. to Q. second
17. K. Kt. P. two 17. K. R. P. one
18. Q. R. to K. Kt. square 18. Q. R. P. one
19. K. Kt. P. one 19. P. takes P.
20. B. takes P. 20. Q. R. P. one
21. Q. Kt. P. one 21. Q. B. to his third
22. Q. R. to K. Kt. fourth 22. K. B. to Q. R. fourth
23. K. R. P. one 23. B. takes Kt.
24. Kt. takes B. 24. Q. R. to its fourth
25. K. R. P. one 25. R. takes B.
26. R. takes R. 26. Kt. to K. B. fifth
27. Q. to K. B. third 27. Kt. takes B.
28. Q. P. one 28. Kt. takes Q. P.
29. K. R. to K. Kt. square (6) 29. Kt. from Q. fourth checks
30. K. to R. square 30. B. takes K. P.
31. R. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 31. K. to R. square
32. Q. to K. Kt. third 32. B. to K. Kt. third
33. K. R. P. takes B. 33. Q. to K. eighth (check)
34. R. takes Q. (c) 34. R. takes R. (check)
35. Q. takes R. 35. Kt. takes Q.
36. R. to R. seventh (check) 36. K. to Kt. square
37. P. takes K. B. P. (check) 37. K. takes R.
38. P. one, becoming a Queen 38. Kt. mates.
Notes to Game CXIX.
(a) In this opening, which is a variation on that known as the " Lopez
tJambit," it is not good play for the second player to take the K. B. P.
with his K.'s Pawn.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 361
(b) This portion of the game is remarkably well played by both parties.
(c) We append an ingenious variation upon this move, by Mr. St—n,
showing clearly that, from the present position, White could have won
the game :—
VARIATION ON WHITE'S 34TH MOVE.
White. Black.
34. Kt. to Q. Kt. square 34. Q. takes Q.
35. R. from K. Kt. seventh to R. 35. K. to his Kt. square
seventh (check) *
36. P. takes K. B. P. (check) 36. K. takes R. (best)
37. R. to K. R. square (check) 37. K. to Kt. second (best)
38. P. takes R., becoming a Queen
And White wins without difficulty.
SOLUTIONS
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 24.
By Cozio.
White. Black.
K. at Q. Kt.'s fifth K. at Q. Kt.'s second
R. at K. R.'s seventh R. at Q. B.'s square
R. at K. Kt.'s second R. at Q. R.'s square
B. at K. R.'s third B. at Q. B.'s second
Kt. at K.'s sixth Kt. at Q. Kt.'s square
Pawns at 0.,'s fifth, and Q. B.'s Pawns at Q.'s third, Q. B.'s fourth,
fourth and Q. Kt.'s third
White to win in thirteen moves.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 363
No. 25.—By Ercole Del Rio.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s square K. at his R.'s square
Q. at K. B.'s fourth Q. at her B.'s seventh
R. at K. R.'s square R. at K. Kt.'s second
Kt. at K.'s fourth R. at K.'s seventh
Pawn at Q. R.'s second Pawns at K. R.'s second, and Q.
B.'s 6fth
White to win in seven moves.
No. 26. — By the same Author.
White. Black.
K. at his B.'s fourth K. at K. R.'s square
Q. at K.'s third Q. at K. R.'s eighth
R. at K. B.'s seventh R. at Q. R.'s square
Kt. at K.'s fifth B. at Q. Kt.'s fifth
Pawns at K. B.'s sixth, and Q. Pawns at K. R.'s second, and Q.
B.'s second B.'s fourth
White to win in seven moves.
Blxtft.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" J. H. S."—The solutions of our 18th and 19th Problems are clever
and correct. A private communication, containing the information
required, has been forwarded.
" J. W. B.'s " suggestion shall be thought of ; but so much has been
written on the subject of the Knight's moves, that we fear it is
exhausted.
" W. H., Richmond."—Thanks for the hint.
" Palamedes."—The Problem No. 38, in the 21st number of our
" Chronicle," was printed from an incorrect diagram. The Black King
should be at Q. R.'s 4th square, and the Pawn at Q.R.'s third square. So
amended, the stratagem is one of the most ingenious we have ever met
with.
"Juvenile." — There are several English translations of Vida's
" Scacchiae Ludus."
" Miranda."—Solutions to all the problems on diagrams will be
given in the 26th number.
• " A Knight."—The article on Cards has been returned, as directed.
Applications for the first volume must be made to the publisher.
"F. O." "S. R." and " W. H—d." — The promised papers on
Draughts will commence with our second volume. Positions of the
kind mentioned by " S. R." will be very acceptable.
" A. Z."—" Six games played on board an India ship, by two fine
players," shall be examined. The two positions are neither uncommon
nor original.
" W. F. W." and " R. R."—We are unavoidably compelled to postpone
the consideration of these correspondents' observations on the " Laws of
Chess."
" G. M—ll."—Will experience no difficulty in obtaining the " Chro
nicle " through any respectable foreign bookseller.
" A Young Player."—The rule laid down by Lewis, in his capital
little book, " Elements of the Game of Chess," will best explain to " A
Young Player" when two united Pawns can or cannot win against a Rook :
—" The Rook will win the Pawns, except in the following cases : if they
have reached their seventh squares, the Pawns will win ; if they be at
their sixth squares, and neither of them attacked by the Rook, they will
win, whether they have the move or not ; when they are at their sixth
squares, if the Rook attacks one of them, they will nevertheless win, if
they have the move : hence it follows, that if one Pawn be at its seventh
square, and the other at its sixth, the Pawns will win, whether they begin
or not."—In all these cases, it is understood that the Kings are too
distant to interfere.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 3G5
SOME REMARKS
ON THE
EUROPEAN NAMES OF CHESS-MEN.
By Francis Douce, Esq.
(Concluded frontpage 352.)
I have not been able to find, after the most diligent search, any other
example of this word, nor does it occur in any of the French Glossaries ;
it is, however, certain, that Cornua was used in the middle ages for a
mitre, and Cornutus for a Bishop, which latter word to modern ears may
sound a little ambiguous ; but it is to be considered that the celibacy of
this dignified character must in those days have done away the possibility
of misconstruction. Whether the Cornu formed an additional piece in the
ancient European Game, or whether the term was synonymous with the
Alfin, is not quite clear. There is, however, some reason to believe, that
the Alfin, the Cornu, and the Bishop, were in fact the same ; for in a poem
intitled, " De Vetula," commonly ascribed to Ovid, but, with more proba
bility, supposed to have been written during the middle ages by a monk
named Pamphilus Maurilianus,* there is a description of the game of
Chess, wherein the author compares the Chess-men to the planets in the
following manner :—
'' Rex est Sol, pedes est Saturnus, Mars quoque miles,
Regia Virgo Venus, Alphinus Episcopus ipse est
Juppiter, et Roccus discurrens Luna."
In a very old Latin poem upon Chess, printed by Dr. Hyde,f from a
manuscript in the Bodleian Library, the piece next the King is termed
Calms; and if this denotes a monk with a shaven crown, it is another very
early instance of the introduction of priests among the Chess-men.
The Germans call this piece the Pound, or the Runner; the Russians and
Swedes, the Elephant ; and the Poles, the Priest.
Dr. Hyde, in his description of what are usually called Charlemagne's
Chess-men, in the treasury of St. Denis, X makes it to be an Archer; but
these men cannot be very ancient, if, as he says, the Pawns carry muskets
on their shoulders,—a circumstance rather doubtful from a copy of one of
them taken by Mr. Twiss,§ which has not at present this weapon ; it is
not, however, improbable, that it may have been broken off by frequent
* Fabric. Biblioth. Lat. tom. i. p. 276, and Biblioth. Med. et Infim« Latinitatis,
tom. v. p. 556.
t De Ludis Orientai. p. 179.
t De Ludis Orientai. p. 133.
§ Chess, 1789, 8vo, p. 3. The figure of this Pawn was not published with the book.
366 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
handling. I endeavoured to ascertain this fact in the year 1791, but the
men were not to be found.
The Knight has been always so called upon the French and English
Chess Boards. It is probable that he was represented in the earliest
times as mounted on his charger ; Vida has so described this piece ; and
hence in modern times it has been simply termed the Horse, and so
represented. The Spaniards and Italians have adopted both those names,
but give it the form of a horse's head. With us it is not only represented
as a horse's head, in which case it is usually termed the Horse ; but with
a slanting top, when it is termed the Knight. Saul, in 1640, describes
the Knights as having " heads cutte a slaunte," but I do not think he
has hit the mark ; it most probably has reference to a square kind of
helmet, anciently worn by Knights,* and which would be considered as
a very good symbol of Knighthood. These pieces on the European
Chess Board denoted the nobility ; among Charlemagne's men they
have been converted into Centaurs. The Germans, from the nature of
their motion on the Board, call them Leapers; among the Poles and
Danes, they are termed Knights ; and among the Russians, Horses.
The origin of our Rook is certainly to be sought for in the old French
term Roc, or, as it is sometimes written in ancient manuscript poems,
Ros. I do not conceive, as some have done, that this French word
denoted upon this occasion a rock or fortress, but that it was imme
diately borrowed, together with the Spanish and Italian terms, from
Rue, the Eastern name of this piece. It is, indeed, difficult to say what
the original form of it was on the European Chess Board ; the oldest we
know of is that represented in Caxton's translation of Jacobus de Ces-
solis : it is likewise to be found under the same shape in books of heraldry,
under the name of Chess-Rook, f
Dr. Hyde thinks that its forked head is expressive of the two hunches
upon the back of the Dromedary, under which figure it occurs upon the
Eastern Chess Board ; and he has given representations of the Turkish
Chess-men, in which this piece exactly resembles that of Caxton ; J but
a difficulty arises in ascertaining whether the most ancient Eastern Rue
was represented as a Dromedary,—which must be proved before Dr.
Hyde's opinion can be adopted. Mons. D'Herbelot informs us that
Rokh in the Persian language signifies a valiant hero seeking after mili
tary adventures, in which character he says it was introduced into the
game of Chess. § Every body knows what has been related in that ad
mirable collection of stories, the " Arabian Nights' Entertainments," of a
wonderful bird called the Roc, whose immense size is said to darken the
* See a representation of such a helmet in Grose's Treatise on Antient Armour
and Weapons, Plate IX. Nos. 6, 10, 11.
t See Gwillim's Display of Heraldrie, 1632, folio, p. 321.
X De Ludis Oriental, pp. 79, 133.
$ Bibliotheque Orientale, fol. 1697, p. 718.
AND CHESS PLAYER S CHRONICLE. 367
sun. An account of this fictitious bird is also given by Marco Paolo,
the Venetian traveller of the thirteenth century ; * but it is needless to
prosecute this] inquiry any further, after Sir William Jones has informed
us, that the Rook is to be deduced from Rot'h of the old Hindoo game
of Chess, which was an armed chariot ; this, he says, the Persians
changed into Rokh,—of which word he adds, " the etymology has in vain
been sought for." f
I conceive that our term Castle, as applied to this piece, is of very
modern date, and that, with the French Tour, it originated from its
shape. It is so represented in the early Italian dissertations on the
Game, although uniformly called il Roccho. Some careless writers, con
founding this term, which is evidently from the same source as the old
French Roc, with Rocca, afortress, have increased the mistake by tracing
a supposed connexion between a castle and a fortress, which has given
rise to a multitude of conjectures. It is probable, that the European
form of the Castle was copied in part from some ancient Indian piece
with the Elephant and Castle on his back. It is thus described by Vida ;
and whilst the French, Spaniards, English, and Italians have retained the
tower only, the Danes and Germans have adopted the elephant without
the castle, by the former of which names it is also called by them. In
the reign of Charles L, Saul informs us, that the Rook was represented
with a round buttoned cap on its head : he stupidly derives the term
from the Latin Rus; "which Rookes," says he, "standing for the yeo
manry, resemble a good farmer, or a plain (though rich) freeholder."
From such a specimen, it is presumed, that no more quotations from this
writer will be wished for.
By the Poles, this piece is also termed the Rook ; the Prussians make
it a boat, or rather its keel. Dr. Hyde supposes this to be from the length
or velocity of its motion,J which, he says, in the Eastern Chess Board,
originated from the manner in which the dromedary travels. The
Swedes, according to the same author, call it the Leaper, and have made
it change places with the Bishop. Among Charlemagne's pieces, it is
termed the Elephant.
It remains only to notice the Pawns. These appear to have been
always so called among ourselves ; and by the French, in the middle ages,
Paon, Paounet, Paonnez, Paonniers, Poons, Poonnes, and Pionnes.§ Dr.
Hyde, who does not seem to be acquainted with this more ancient
French term, derives our Pawn from the Spanish Peon, or French Pion,
which he thinks a contraction of Espion, a spy, or Peton, a footman ; in
JJIarft.
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esanfnte.
GAME CXX.
Between Mr. St- n and one of the best Metropolitan Players.
Bfarifc. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. S.)
1. K. P. two I. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. P. two
4. P. takes Q. P. 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. to K. B. third 5. K. B. to Q. third
6. K. R. P. one 6. Castles
7. Q. B. P. one 7. Q. B. P. one
8. P. takes P. 8. Q. Kt. takes P.
9. QL P. two 9. K. Kt. to K. fifth
10. Q. B. takes P. 10. Q. to K. R. fifth (check)
U.K. Kt. P. one 11. Kt. takes K. Kt. P.
12. Q. B. takes K. B. 12. Kt. takes R. (discov. check)
VOl. I. N. S. 2 B
370 THB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. S.)
13. K. to his B. square 1». Q. B. to K. third (a)
14. K. B. to Q. third (4) 14. K. R. to Q. square
15. Q. B. to K. R. second 15. B. to Q. fourth
16. Q. to K. B. fourth 16. Q. to K. R. fourth
17. Q. Kt. to Q. second 17. Q. Kt. to K. second
18. Q. B. P. one 18. Q.. Kt. to K. Kt. third
19. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (c) 19- Q. to K. R. third
20. Q. R. to Q. square 20. Q. to K. sixth (d)
21. Q. to K. B. fifth 21. B. to K. Kt. seventh (check)
22. K. takes B. 22. Kt. to K. R. fifth (check)
BLACK RESIGNED.
GAME CXXI.
By the same Antagonists.
White. (Mr. S.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. to QL. B. fourth 2. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
3. Q. to K. second 3. K. Kt. to B. third
4. K. B. P. two 4. Q. to K. second
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. K. P. takes P.
6. Q. P. two 6. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. K. P. one 7. K. Kt. to R. fourth
8. Q. Kt. to B. third 8. Q. B. P. one
9. QL. Kt. to K. fourth 9. Castles
10. Q. Kt. to Q. sixth 10. K. B. checks
11. Q. B. P. one 11. Q. Kt. P. two
12. B. to Q. Kt. third 12. Q. B. to Q. R. third
13. Q. to K. fourth 13. Q. Kt. P. one
14. Q. Kt. to K. B. fifth 14. QL. to her square
15. Q. B. P. one 15. Q. P. two
16. Q. B. P. takes P. 16. K. R. to K. square
17. P. to Q. Sixth 17. K. Kt. P. one
18. Kt. to R. sixth (check) 18. K. to Kt. second
19. Kt. takes K. B P. 19. Q. to her Kt. third
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE.
White. (Mr. S.) Black. (Mr. —.)
20. Q. B. takes P. 20. Kt. takes B.
21. Q. takes Kt. 21. Q. Kt. to Q. second
22. Q. to K. R. sixth (check)
BLACK RESIGNED, (a)
GAME CXXII.
Played at Goode's Chess Rooms, between Mr. St n and one
the finest Metropolitan Players.
White. (Mr. S.) Black. (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 5. K. R. P. one
6. B. takes Kt. 6. Q. takes B.
7. Castles 7. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
8. Q. B. P. one 8. P. to Ql. sixth
9. K. P. one 9. Q. to K. B. fifth
10. Q. takes P. 10. Castles
11. Q. Kt. P. two 11. B. to Q. Kt. third
12. Q. R. P. two 12. Q. R. P. two
13. K. Kt. P. one 13. Q. to K. Kt. fifth
14. Q. Kt. P. one 14. Kt. to K. second
15. Q. Kt. to Q. second 15. Kt. to K. Kt. third
16. K. to R. square 16. Q. P. two
17. B. takes Q. P. 17. Q. B. to K. third
18. B. takes Q. Kt. P. 18. Q. R. to Q. square
19. Q. to K. fourth 19. Q. to K. R. fourth
20. Q. to K. second 20. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
21. Q. R. to Q. square 21. K. R. to K. square
22. Q. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 22. Q. R. takes R.
23. R. takes R. 23. Kt. takes K. P.
24. Q. Kt. takes Kt. 24. R. takes Kt.
25. Q. to her third (a) 25. R. to K. B. fourth
26. Kt. to K. R. fourth 26. R. takes K. B. P.
27. Q. to Q. eighth (check) 27. K. to R. second
28. B. to K. fourth (check) 28. K. B. P. two
29. B. to Q. fifth 29. Q. B. to K. B. sixth (check)
30. Kt. takes B. 30. R. takes K. R. P. (check)
31. Kt. takes R. 31. Q. takes R. (check)
2b2
372 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
WJate. (Mr. S.) Black. (Mr.—.)
32. K. to Kt. second 32. Q. to K. seventh (check)
33. K. to R. third 33. Q. to K. R. fourth (check)
34. Q. interposes
WHITE WINS.
GAME CXXIII.
Between the same Opponents.
Black. (Mr.—.) White. (Mr. S.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P. ,
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. P. two
4. P. takes P. 4. Kt. to K. B. third
5. Q. to K. B. third 5. K. B. to a third
6. Q. Kt. to B. third 6. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
7. Q. to K. B. second 7. Q. B. P. one
8. P. takes P. 8. Kt. takes P.
9. K. Kt. to B. third 9. Castles
10. Castles 10. Q. B. takes Kt.
11. Q. takes B. 11. B. to Q. B. fourth (check)
12. K. to R. square 12. Q. Kt. to K. fourth (a)
13. Q. to K. second 13. K. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth (i)
14. Kt. to K. fourth 14. Q. to K. R. fifth
15. K. R. P. one 15. B. to Q. Kt. third
16. R. takes P. 16. Kt. to K. B. seventh (check)
17. R. takes Kt. 17. B. takes R. (c)
18. Q. P. one (i) 18. Q. to her square (e)
19. Q. takes B. 19. Kt. takes B.
20. P. takes Kt. 20. Q. to her eighth (check)
21. K. to R. second 21. K. B. P. two
22. Kt. to Q. B. third 22. Q. to K. R. fourth
23. B. to K. B. fourth 23. K. Kt. P. two
24. B. to Q. sixth 24. R. to B. third
25. P. to Q. B. fifth 25. K. Kt. P. one
26. Kt. to Q. fifth 26. R. to K. R. third
27. Kt. to K. seventh (check)
BLACK WINS.
Notes to Game CXXIII.
(a) Q.'s Kt. to Q.'s fifth would perhaps have been better play.
(6) We should have preferred moving the Q. to her fifth square.
AND CHKS3 PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 373
(c) This part of the game is far from well played by the second player.
(d) A good move.
(e) Had White attempted to save the Bishop, he must have lost his
Queen.
GAME CXXIV.
Between Mr. C -e and Mr. St-
White. (Mr. C.) Black. (Mr. S.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. checks
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. takes P.
6. Q. Kt. P. takes P. 6. K. B. to Q. R. fourth
7. K. P. one (a) 7. K. R. P. one (6)
8. Q. to her Kt. third 8. Q. to K. second
9. Q. B. to R. third 9. Q. P. one
10. Castles 10. Q. Kt. takes P.
11. Kt. takes Kt. 11. Q. takes Kt.
12. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 12. K. to his B. square
13. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second 13. Q. to K. B. third
14. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 14. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
15. Q. Kt. to Q. second 15. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
16. Q. R. to K. square 16. Kt. to K. second
17. Kt. to K. fourth 17. Q. to K. Kt. third
18. Kt. to K. Kt. third 18. Q. B. to Q. B. seventh
19. Q. to her Kt. fourth 19. Q. B. P. one
20. Q. to K. R. fourth 20. Q. takes Q.
21. Kt. takes Q. 21. Q. P. one
22. K. B. to K. second 22. K. to his B. second
23. K. B. to K. Kt. fourth 23. Q. B. to Q. sixth
24. B. to K. second 24. B. takes B.
25. R. takes B. 25. K. R. to K. square
26. K. R. to K. square 26. K. Kt. P. two
27. R. to K. sixth ' 27. Kt. to K. Kt. square
28. R. takes R. 28. R. takes R.
29. R. takes R. 29. K. takes R
30. K. Kt. P. two 30. K. to his B. second
31. K. to Kt. second 31. Kt. to K. B. third
32. Kt. takes Kt. 32. K. takes Kt.
33. K. to his B. third 33. K. to his fourth
34. K. R. P. two 34. P. takes P.
35. B. to Q. B. square 35. B. to Q. R. fourth (c)
36. B. takes K. R. P. 36. K. to his third
37. B. to K. Kt. seventh 37- B. to Q. B. second
38. B. to Q. fourth 38. Q. R. P. two
AFTER A FEW MORE MOVES, WHITE RESIGNED.
374 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Notes to Game CXXIV.
(a) This is an ingenious variation on the customary mode of carrying
on the attack.
(6) We believe that Queen's Pawn advanced one square, in this posi
tion, would relieve Black from his embarrassment.
(c) A lost move ; because to have taken the Pawn, next move, would
have cost the Bishop.
GAME CXXV.
Between Messrs. C— e and P t.
Black. (Mr. P.) White. (Mr. C.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. B. P. one 4. Q', to K. second
5. Castles 5. Q. P. one
6. Q. P. two 6. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. Q. to Q. B. second 7. B. to K. Kt. fifth
8. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. K. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. P. one 9. Q. Kt. to Q. square
10. Q. Kt. to Q. second 10. K. R. P. one
11. B. to K. R. fourth 11. K. Kt. P. two
12. B. to K. Kt. third 12. Castles
13. K. R. P. two 13. K. Kt. to K. R. fourth
14. K. to R. second 14. K. to his Kt. second
15. Q. R. P. two 15. Q. R. P. one
16. Q. Kt. P. two 16. K. B. P. one
17. K. Kt. to Kt. square 17. K. B. P. one
18. K. B. P. one 18. K. Kt. takes B.
19- K. takes Kt. 19. B. to K. R. fourth
20. K. P. takes k. B\ P. 20. Kt. P. takes K. R. P. (check)
21. K. to R. second 21. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
22. B. to Q. third 22. K. to R. square
23. K. Kt. to R. third 23. Q. to Kt. second
24. Q. R. to K. square 24. Q. B. P. one
25. Q. B. P. one 25. P. takes P.
26. P. takes P. 26. Kt. to K. B. second
27. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 27. Kt. to Kt. fourth
28. K. Kt. takes Kt. 28. P. takes Kt.
29. P. to K. B. sixth 29. R. takes P.
30. Kt. takes R. 30. Q. takes Kt.
31. Q. to K. second 31. Q. checks
32. K. to R. square 32. R. to K. B. square
33. Q. to K. fourth 33. Q. to K. B. second
AND CHESS PLAYER's CHRONICLE.
Black. (Mr. P.) White. (Mr. C.)
34. K. to R. second 34. ft. to K. Kt. second
35. K. Kt. P. one 35. P. takes P. (check)
36. K. takes P. 36. R. to K. B. fifth
37. K. R. to K. R. square 37. R. takes Q.
38. R. takes B. (check) 38. K. to Kt. square
39. Q. R. takes R. 39- Q. to B. third
40. Q. R. to Q. B. fourth 40. B. to Q. square
41. K. R. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 41. Q. takes R. (check)
42. R. to K. Kt. fourth 42. K. to Kt. second
43. B. to K. B. fifth
DRAWN GAME.
GAME CXXVI.
Played between Dr. Bledow and M. M—t, of the Berlin Chess Club.
White. (Dr. B—.) Black. (M. M—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. K. B. to ft. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
4. Q. Kt. P. two 4. B. takes Q. Kt. P.
5. Q. B. P. one 5. B. to Q. R. fourth
6. Castles 6. B. to ft. Kt. third
7. Q. P. two 7. Q. to K. B- third
8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 8. Q. to K. Kt. third
9. Q. P. takes P. 9. K. R. P. one
10. Q. B. to K. R. fourth 10. Q. takes K. P.
11. B. to Q. third 11. ft. to her fourth
12. Q. Kt. to R. third 12. K. Kt. P. two
13. B. to K. Kt. third 13. K. Kt. fo K. second
14. Q. to her B. second 14. ft. Kt. to ft. R. fourth
15. Q. R. to Q. square 15. Q. to her B. fourth
16. Q. Kt. to Kt. fifth 16. ft. R. P. one
17. Q. Kt. to Q. fourth 17. K. Kt. to ft. fourth
18. K. B. to K. Kt. sixth 18. K. B. P. takes B.
19. Q. takes P. (check) 19. K. to Q. square
20. K. P. one 20. Q. fo K. second
21. K. Kt. to K. fifth 21. R. to K. B. square
22. K. Kt. to K. B. seventh (ch.) 22. R. takes Kt.
23. P. takes R. 23. Q. to K. B. square
24. K. R. to K. square 24. Kt. to K. second
25. Kt. to K. sixth (checkmate).
376 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME CXXVII.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 22nd.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to B. square 4. K. Kt. P. two
5. U. Kt. to B. third 5. K. B. to Kt. second
6. Q. P. two 6. Q. P. one
7. Q. Kt. to Q. fifth 7. K. to Q. square
8. K. B. to K. second 8. Q. Kt. to B. third
9. K. P. one 9. K. Kt. to K. second
10. Q. Kt. to B. third 10. K. Kt. to K. B. fourth
11. K. Kt. to B. third 11. Q. to K. R. third
12. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 12. K. B. P. one
13. K. P. takes K. B. P. 13. K. B. takes P.
14. K. Kt. P. two (a) 14. K. Kt. takes Q. P.
15. K. to Kt. second 15. Q. B. takes K. Kt. P.
16. K. R. P. two 16. Q. B. takes Kt. (check)
17- B. takes B. 17. Kt. takes B.
18. Q. takes Kt. 18. Kt. to K. fourth
19. Q. to her Kt. third 19. Ct to K. Kt. third
20. Q. takes Q. Kt. P. 20. Q. R. to Q. B. square
21. Q. B. to Q. second 21. Kt. P. takes R. P. (discov.
check with Q.)
22. K. to his B. square 22. K. R. to Kt. square
23. Kt. takes Q. P. (b) 23. P. takes Kt.
24. B. to Q. R. fifth (check) 24. K. to his square
25. Q. takes R. (check) 25. K. to his B. second
26. Q. to Q. Kt. seventh (check) 26. B. to K. second
27. Q. to Q. fifth (check) 27. K. to B. square
28. Q. R. to Q. square 28. K. B. P. one
29. Q. R. to Q. second 29. K. R. P. one (c)
30. Q. to her R. eighth (check) 30. K. to B. second
31. Q. to her fifth (check) 31. K. to B. square
32. Q. to R. eighth (check) 32. K. to Kt. second
33. Q. takes QL R. P. 33. Q. to K. Kt. seventh (check) (d)
34. R. takes Q. 34. K. B. P. takes R. (check)
35. K. to Kt. square 35. Kt. to K. B. sixth (check)
36. K- to B. second 36. P. takes R. (becoming a Q.)
37. Q. takes B. (check) 37. K. to R. third
38. Q. takes Q. P. (check) 38. K. to R. fourth
39. Q. to Q. fifth (check) 39. R. to Kt. fourth
40. CI. to K. B. seventh (check) 40. K. to Kt. fifth
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 377
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (M. De la B.)
41. Q. to Q. B. fourth (check) 41. Kt. to Q. fifth (e)
42. Q. takes Kt. (check) 42. K. to R. fourth
43. B. to Q. Kt. sixth 43. Q. to R. seventh (check)
44. K. t6 his square 44. R. to K. fourth (check)
45. K. to Q. square 45. Q. to K. seventh (check)
46. K. to Q. B. square 46. Q. to K. eighth (check)
47. Q- interposes (check) 47. Q. takes Q. (check)
48. K. takes Q. 48. P. to K. R. seventh
BLACK ABANDONED THE GAME.
MODEL GAMES.
We commence our series with some examples of Games, wherein one
party gives the odds of the Queen's Rook.
GAME I.
Between Mr. M'Donnell and Mr. R - ; the former giving his Q.'s
Rook.
{Black's Q.'s Rook must be taken from the board.)
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Mr. R—.)
1. K. P. two (a) 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P. (J)
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. Q. P. one (c)
4. Q. P. two 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
6. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 6. Q. B. takes Kt. (d)
7. Q. takes B. 7. Q. B. P. one
8. Castles 8. K. B. to K. second
9. K. P. one 9. P. takes K. P.
10. P. takes P. 10. Q. to her fifth (check)
11. K. to R. square 11. Q. takes K. B.
12. P. takes Kt. 12. B. takes P.
37* THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Black. (Mr. M'D.) White. (Mr. R—.)
13. R. to K. square (check) 13. K. to Q. second (e)
14. Q. to K. Kt. fourth (check) 14. K. to Q. square
15. R. to Q. square (check) 15. B. to Q. fifth
16. Q. B. takes P. (/) 16. Q. Kt. to R. third (<?)
17- Kt. to K. second 17. Q. to K. third
18. Q. takes Q. 18. K. B. P. takes Q.
19. Kt. takes B. 19- K. P. one
20. B. to K. Kt. fifth (check) (A) 20. K. to his square
21. Kt. to K. B. fifth 21. Kt. to Q. B. fourth
22. Kt. to Q. sixth (check) 22. K. to his B. square
23. R. to K. B. square (check) 23. K. to Kt. square (t)
24. B. to K. seventh 24. K. R. P. two
25. Kt. to K. B. seventh 25. Kt. to K. third
26. Kt. takes R. 26. K. takes Kt.
27. R. to K. B. fifth 27. R. to K. square
28. R. takes K. R. P. (check) 28. K. to Kt. square
29- B. to Q. Kt. fourth 29. Kt. to K. B. fifth
30. R. to K. Kt. fifth 30. Kt. to Q. fourth
31. B. to Q. second 31. K. P. one
32. K. to Kt. square 32. K. P. one
33. B. to K. square 33. R. to K. third
34. R. to K. B. fifth 34. R. to K. fifth
35. K. Kt. P. one 35. K. P. one
36. K. to B. second 36. Kt. to K. sixth (*)
37. K. to B. third 37- R. to K. third
38. R. to Q. B. fifth 38. Kt. to Q. fourth
39- Q. B. P. two 39. Kt. to K. B. third
40. R. to Q. R. fifth 40. Q. R. P. one
41. R. to Q. R. third 41. Q. Kt. P. two
42. P. takes P. 42. Q. B. P. takes P.
43. R. to K. third 43. R. takes R. (check)
44. K. takes R. 44. Kt. to Kt. fifth (check)
45. K. takes P. 45. Kt. takes K. R. P.
46. K. to Q. third 46. K. to B. second
47. K. to K. fourth 47. K. to K. third
48. B. to Q. B. third 48. K. Kt. P. one
49. K. to K. B. fourth 49. Kt. to K. B. eighth
50. K. Kt. P. one 50. K. to B. second
51. Q. Kt. P. one 51. K. to K. third
52. B. to Q. fourth (!) 52. Kt. to R. seventh
53. B. to K. third 53. Kt. to B. eighth
54. B. to Q. B. square (n»)
BLACK WINS.
Notes to Model Game I.
(a) The player who gives the odds of a capital piece, is usually per
mitted the advantage of moving first in each game : upon the expediency
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 379
of this arrangement we shall have occasion to expatiate some other
time.
(6) We strenuously recommend young players to "accept" the Gam
bit, or other opening, which the player giving a Rook may commence
with. In nine cases out of ten, the second player, by attempting to
evade a particular attack, obtains an involved and embarrassing position,
more dangerous, and far less improving, than if he had persevered in the
ordinary line of defence.
(c) In this opening, which is called the K. Kt.'s Gambit, the best
move at the present stage is K. Kt.'s P. two squares.
(d) When such large odds as a Rook are given, it is advisable for the
second player to exchange pieces of equal value as frequently as it can
be done with safety. It is especially desirable for him to exchange
Queens early in the game ; and get rid of his adversary's Knights, be
cause their eccentric movements are commonly productive of embarrass
ment and discomfiture to the inexperienced Chess player.
(e) The player who receives the odds of a Rook, will generally find his
advantage in Castling early in the contest.
(/) It appears here, that Black might easily have gained a piece by
taking the K. Kt.'s P. with his Queen, attacking both the K.'s Rook
and the Bishop at Q.'s fifth. A little examination, however, will show
that this apparently good move would have been a very disastrous one
for the first player ; ex. gr.
Q. takes K. Kt. P. I Q. to K. B. eighth (check)
R. takes Q. I B. takes Q.
White, having effected an exchange of Queens, while still possessing the
advantage of the Rook given at the beginning of the game, should win without
much difficulty.
(g) This is not well played. R. to K.'s square, or Kt. to Q.'s second,
would have been better.
(h) Black plays thus, in preference to taking the K.'s Pawn with his B.
or Q. B.'s P. with the Kt. (giving double check), that he may prevent
the adverse Rooks coming into the field.
(i) The most prominent defect observable in the game of a young
player is, that his pieces are not brought into co-operation speedily. In
the present instance, White's two Rooks are unmoved, and he is left with
one Knight to contend against a Rook, a Bishop and a Knight !
(k) Had White bestowed one half the care upon the opening of the
game, which he exhibits in this part of it, the result would doubtless
have been different.
(T) Black's object at this period was to prevent the Knight escaping ;
this the Editor of Mr. M'Donald's games seems to have overlooked, as
he remarks at the conclusion of the game, " with good play the game
ought to be drawn !"
(m) It is clear now that the Knight has no escape, and must be won
immediately. The latter part of the game is well played by Black.
380 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
SOLUTIONS
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OF
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 27.
Author unknown.
White. Black.
K. at his R.'s third K. at his R.'s third
Q. at K. B.'s third Q. at K.'s eighth
R. at Q. B.'s fifth R. at K. R.'s square
Kt. at K.'s fourth R. at K. Kt.'s second
Pawns at K. Kt.'s second and | Kt. at K. Kt.'s third
K. B.'s fourth Kt. at K. B.'s third
Pawn at K. R.'s fourth
White to win in five moves.
No. 28.
By Ercole Del Rio;
White. Black.
K. at his R.'s square K. at his R.'s square
Q. at Q. B.'s fourth Q. at K. Kt.'s fifth
R. at Q. B.'s square R. at K. B.'s square
Kt. at Q.'s sixth R. at Q. B.'s square
Kt. at Q. B.'s sixth Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s
Pawns at K. R.'s second, and K second, and K. B.'s fourth
Kt.'s second
White to win in five moves.
No. 29-
By the same Author.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s square K. at his R.'s square
Q. at K.'s sixth R. at Q.'s square
R. at Q. Kt.'s seventh R. at Q. Kt.'s square
Kt. at K. B.'s third Kt. at Q. B.'s sixth
Pawn at Q. R.'s second Pawns at K. R.'s second, K. Kt.'s
second, K. B.'s fifth, Q.'s fifth,
and Q. R.'s second
White to win in five moves.
382 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
No. 30.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White. Black.
K. at his R.'s third K. at his square
Q. at her R.'s fourth Q. at her seventh
R. at Q. Kt.'s fifth R. at Q. Kt.'s second
B. at K. R.'s fourth R. at Q. R.'s seventh
B. at K. R.'s fifth B. at Q. B.'s second
Kt. at Q. B.'s fifth Kt. at K. R.'s second
Pawns at K. R.'s sixth, K. Kt.'s Pawns at K. Kt.'s third, K. B.'s
second, K. B.'s third, and K.'s fourth, and K.'s second
fourth
White to win in six moves.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" F. F."—will oblige us by sending the promised " Studies in Polish
Draughts."
" J. B., Brighton."—The attempt to solve the Problem, No. 5, p. 65,
in five instead of seven moves, is not correct, as " J. B." will see on
again examining it. He is equally unsuccessful in his proposed solution
of Problem, No. 10, for Young Players. The advance of White's P. two
squares does not give mate. In Problem for Young Players, No. 7,
White's Rook, instead of being on K. B.'s third square, must be placed
at K. Kt.'s third, and the game is drawn. The Problem mentioned as
given at page 89, will be found in Number XXI. p. 329, of this publica
tion, to be solved in six moves.
" C. R. L., New Square, Lincoln's Inn,"—is right respecting the
first Problem. In No. 5, the mate may be effected in the given number
of moves. The termination of the game between two Amateurs is cleverly
played, and we have given it a place among our Problems in the present
Number.
We are requested by Dr. Bledow, of the Berlin Chess Club, to state
that the ingenious Problem, which appears at page 241 of our " Chro
nicle," is the invention of Dr. Gopel.
" W. N."—In the position received, the game is drawn, whichever
player moves first. Both solutions are correct.
" H. T. G."—We are in daily expectation of receiving some additional
specimens of Russian Chess Play. The pamphlet on the Knight we
have already seen ; but are obliged by the politeness of our Correspon
dent's offer.
" D. P."—We cannot undertake to procure the Chess work mentioned ;
it may be obtained of Mr. Goode, at his Chess Rooms on Ludgate Hill.
" A Young Student, Russell Institution."—The case of our
Correspondent has been that of nine tenths of the votaries to our
fascinating pastime. The best advice we can offer is this—Rigidly
abstain from the practice of Chess-play, except at stated and convenient
opportunities, and on no consideration permit it longer to exercise an
influence prejudicial to more serious and important duties. Chess is
unquestionably the finest game known ; but still it is only a game ; and
one can entertain but a sorry opinion of his intellect, who makes it, or
any other amusement, the business of his existence. We have not space
to answer his inquiries concerning the Parisian players this week.
"A Subscriber"—sends us some particulars relating to the Match of
Chess recently playing between the Clubs of Yarmouth and Beccles,
384 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
which it appears has terminated in an abrupt and unexpected manner.
We must refrain, however, from making any observations on the subject,
until we have heard both sides.
" P. P." and " G. R. D."—can easily satisfy themselves and friends
touching the " mooted questions in the Chesa Laws," by addressing a
line to the Honorary Secretary of " The London Chess Club."
" A. Z."—The discreditable attempt of the self-elected Treasurer to
deprive Mr. Ries of the advantages he looked for from his enterprising
engagement with De la Bourdonnais should have been made public at
the time.
" E. W., Bristol."—Thanks for the very acceptable packet. The
game between Messrs. W. and S shall appear as desired.
" C. H. S., Essex Street."—The game received is very well played,
and shall have an early place in our " Chronicle." We shall be obliged if
our Correspondent will send any future Chess contribution with which
he may favour us, directed to the Editor, care of Mr. Hastings, Publisher,
Carey Street.
Solaris.
©Shite.
GAME CXXVIII.
Played between two strong Players.
White. (Mr. C. S—.) Black. (Mr. F—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. Kt. to B. third 3. K. Kt. P. two
4. K. R. P. two 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Kt. to K. fifth 5. K. R. P. two
6. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 6. K. R. to its second
7. K. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 7. R. takes B.
8. Kt. takes R. 8. K. takes Kt.
9. Q. P. two 9. K. B. to R. third
10. Q. B. takes P. 10. B. takes B.
11. Castles 11. Q. takes K. R. P.
12. R. takes B. (check) 12. K. to Kt. second
13. Q. Kt. to B. third 13. Q. to Kt. fourth
* This and the following Problem were originally published in Furis.
Vol. I. N. S. 2C
386 THE HRITISII MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. C. S—.) Black. (Mr. F—.)
14. Q. to her second 14. Q. to Kt. third
15. Q. P. one 15. Q. P. one
16. Q. to her fourth (check) 16. Kt. to K. B. third
17. Q. R. to K. B. square 17. Q.. Kt. to Q. second
18. Q. Kt. to his fifth 18. Q. R. P. one
19. Kt. takes Q. B. P. 19. R. to Q. Kt. square
20. R. takes K. Kt. 20. Kt. takes R.
21. R. takes Kt. 21. Q. takes R.
22. Kt. to K. eighth (check)
BLACK RESIGNED, (a)
GAME CXXIX.
Played at Goode's Chess Rooms, between Mr. St- -n and a dis-
tinguished Metropolitan Amateur.
White. (Mr. S—.) Black.' (Mr. —.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B.. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. Kt. takes P. 4. Kt. takes Kt.
5. Q. takes Kt. -5. Kt. to K. second (a)
6. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 6. Kt. to Q. B. third
7. Q. to K. third (b) 7. K. B. to K. second
8. B. takes B. 8. Q. takes B.
9. Kt. to Q. second 9. Q. P. one
10. B. to Q. third 10. B. to K. third
11. Castles on K.'s side 11. Castles on K.'s side
12. Q. R. to K. square 12. Q. R. to K. square
13. K. B. P. two 13. K. B. P. two
14. K. P. one 14. P. takes P.
15. P. takes P. 15. K. to R. square
16. Q. Kt. P. one 16. B. to Q. second
17. Kt. to K. B. third 17. K. B. P. one
18. Q. to K. B. second 18. B. to K. B. fourth
19. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 19. Q. to K. third
20. Kt. to K. R. fourth 20. B. to K. Kt. fifth
21. B. takes Kt. 21. Q. takes B.
22. Q. B. P. two 22. Q. R. to K. third
23. Q. takes Q. R. P. 23. Q. Kt. P. one
24. Q. to her R. third 24. K. R. to Q. R. square
25. K. R. takes K. B. P. 25. R. from K. third to K. square
26. Q. to Q.. Kt. second 26. Q. to K. third
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 387
White. (Mr. S—.) Black. (Mr. —.)
27- Q. to K. B. second 27. K. to Kt. square
28. Q. to K. Kt. third 28. B. to K. R. fourth
29. Kt. to K. B. fifth 29. B. to K. Kt. third
30. Kt. to Q. fourth 30. Q. to her second
31. Q. R. P. two 31. R. to Q. R. fourth
32. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth 32. Q. B. P. one
33. K. R. to Q. fourth 33. Q. to K. second
34. Kt. to Q. sixth 34. R. takes K. P.
35. R. takes R. 35. Q. takes R.
36. Q. takes Q. 36. R. takes Q.
37. Kt. to Q. B. eighth 37. R. to K. sixth
38. Q. Kt. P. one 38. R. to ft. Kt. sixth
39. Kt. to K- seventh (check) 39. K. to his B. second
40. Kt. takes Q. B. P. 40. K. to his third
41. R. to Q. fifth 41 . R. checks
42. K. to B. second 42. B. to K. square
43. Kt. to Q. fourth (check) 43. K. to his second
44. Q. Kt. P. one 44. B. to K. B. second
45. Kt. to Q. B. sixth (check) 45. K. to his B. third
46. R. to Q. sixth (check) 46. K. to B. fourth
47. K. Kt. P. two (check) 47. K. to his fifth
48. R. to Q. fourth (mate).
Notes to Game CXXIX.
(a) This move may be played with safety and advantage at the present
stage of the defence.
(6) If "White had taken the Queen, he must have lost at least "the
exchange."
GAME CXXX.
Well contested Game between Messrs. P- -t and St-
White. (Mr. S—.) Black. (Mr. P—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. checks
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. takes P.
6. Castles 6. P. to Q. B. seventh
7. Q. takes P. 7. Q. P. one
8. Q. R. P. one 8 B. to Q. R. fourth
9. Q. Kt. P. two 9 B. to Q. Kt. third
10. B. to Q. Kt. second 10. K. Kt. to B. third
11. K. P. one 11. P. takes P.
12. Kt. takes P. 12. Kt. takes Kt.
13. B. takes Kt. 13. Castles
2c2
388 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Mr. S— .) Black. (Mr. P—.)
14. Q. Kt. to B. third 14. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
15. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 15. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
16. Q. R. to K. square 16. Q. B. to K. B. fourth
17- Q. to her Kt. third 17. Q. B. P. one
18. Q. R. P. one (a) 18. U. II. to Q. square
19. Kt. to K. second 19. Q. R. P. one
20. Q. Kt. P. one 20. Q. R. P. takes P.
21. Q. R. P. takes P. 21. K. B. to Q. R. fourth
22. Q. R. to its square 22. Q. B. P. takes P.
23. Q. takes P. 23. Q. Kt. P. one
24. Q. R. to Q. square 24. K. R. P. one
25. R. takes R. 25. R. takes R.
26. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 26. Q. to K. Kt. third
27. Kt. to Q. fourth 27. Q. B. to Q. second (6)
28. Q. to her Kt. third 28. Q. to K. B. third
29- Kt. to K. second 29. Q. B. to K. third
30. B. takes B. 30. Q. takes B.
31. Q. takes Q. 31. P. takes Q.
32. K. R. P. one 32. Kt. to K. B. third
33. B. to K. fifth 33. K. to B. second
34. R. to Q. B. square 34. R. to Q. second
35. R. to Q. B. sixth 35. Kt. to K. fifth
36. B. to Q. fourth 36. Q. Kt. P. one
37. K. B. P. one 37. Kt. to Q. seventh
38. B. to K. third 38. Kt. to Q. B. fifth
39. B. to Q. B. fifth 39. R. checks
40. K. to R. second 40. K. P. one
41. K. R. P. one 41. B. to Q. square (e)
42. Kt. to Q. B. third 42. R. to Q. second
43. Kt. takes Q. Kt. P. 43. B. takes K. R. P.
44. B. to Q. sixth 44. Kt. takes B.
45. Kt. takes Kt. (check) 45. K. to his Kt. square
46. Kt. to K. fourth 46. B. to K. second
47. R. to K. sixth 47- B. to Q. square
48. K. to R. third 48. R. to K. second
49. R. to Q. R. sixth 49. B. to Q. B. second
50. K. to his Kt. fourth 50. R. to K. B. second
51. Kt. to K. Kt. third 51. R. to K. B. fifth (check)
52. K. to his R. third 52. K. to his R. second
53. Kt. to K. fourth 53. R. to K. B. fourth
54. K. to Kt. fourth 54. R. to K. B. fifth (check)
55. K. to Kt. third 55. R. to K. B. square
56. K. to Kt. fourth 56. B. to Q. square
57. R. to K. sixth 57. B. to K. B. third
58. Kt. takes B. (check) 58. P. takes Kt.
59. K. to his B. fifth
DRAWN GAME.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 389
Notes to Game CXXX.
(a) If, in this position, the first player moves his Bishop to Queen's
sixth, threatening the Rook, his opponent obtains a powerful attack, by
taking the K. B.'s P. with the Kt., as is shown in a subsequent game,
No. 132.
(6) Had Black taken the Kt. with his Rook, White, by checking with
his Queen, at K.'s eighth, and then taking K. B.'s P. with Bishop, would
have had a winning game.
(c) This is not a good move.
GAME CXXXI.
Between the same Players.
White. (Mr. S—.) Black. (Mr. P—.)
K. P. two 1. K. P. two
K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
Q. B. P. one 4. K. Kt. to B. third
Q. P. one 5. Castles
Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth 6. Q. P. one
Castles 7. K. R. P. one
Q. B. to K. R. fourth 8. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
9- Q. Kt. to Q. second 9. K. Kt. P. two
10. B. to K. Kt. third 10. Q. P. one
11. P. takes P. 11. Kt. takes P.
12. Q. Kt. to K. fourth 12. K. B. to K. second
13. Q. Kt. P. two 13. Q. R. P. one
14. Q. R. P. two 14. K. Kt. to K. B. fifth
15. Q. R. to its second 15. K. to his Kt. second
16. B. takes K. Kt. 16. K. P. takes B.
17. Q. P. one 17. K. B. P. two
18. Q. Kt. to Q. second 18. K. B. to Q. third
19- K. B. to K. second 19. B. takes Kt.
20. K. Kt. P. takes B. 20. K. R. P. one
21. K. to R. square 21. K. Kt. P. one
22. P. takes P. 22. K. B. P. takes P.
23. B. takes P. at K. Kt. fourth 23. K. R. P. takes B.
24. Q. takes P. (check) 24. K. to his B. second
25. Q. to K. R. fifth (check) 25. K. to his second
26. K. R. to K. square (check) 26. B. to K. fourth
27. Kt. to K. B. third 27. Q. to her fourth
28. Q. R. to K. second 28. R. to K. B. fourth (a)
29. R. takes B. (check) (S) 29. Kt. takes R.
30. R. takes Kt. (check) 30. R. takes R.
31. Q. takes R. (check) 31. Q. takes Q.
32. Kt. takes Q.
THE GAME WAS ULTIMATELY WON BY WHITE.
890 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
Notes to Game CXXXI.
(a) A good move.
(6) If White had ventured to take this Rook, he must have been
mated immediately.
GAME CXXXIL
Between Mr. St n and one of the first Metropolitan Players.
White. Mr. S—. Black. (Mr.—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. checks
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. takes P.
G. Castles 6. P. to Q. B. seventh
7. Q. takes P. 7. Q. P. one
8. Q. R. P. one 8. B. to Q. R. fourth
9 Q. Kt. P. two 9. B. to Q. Kt. third
10. Q. B. to Q. Kt. second 10. K. Kt. to B. third
11. K. P. one 11. P. takes P.
12. Kt. takes P. 12. Kt. takes Kt. -
13. B. takes Kt. 13. Castles
14. Q. Kt. to B. third 14. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
15. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 15. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
16. Q. R. to K. square 16. Q. B. to Q. B. fourth
17. Q. to Q. Kt. third 17. Q. B. P. one
18. B. to Q. sixth (a) 18. Kt. takes K. B. P.
19. B. takes K. R. (4) 19. Q. B. to K. R. sixth (c)
20. K. B. takes K. B. P. (check) 20. K. takes Q. B.
21. B. to Q. fifth (rf) 21. Q. B. P. takes B.
22. Q. takes P. 22. Q. to K. B. third
23. K. Kt. P. takes B. 23. Kt. takes P. (double check)
24. K. to Kt. second 24. Kt. to K. B. seventh
25. Kt. to K. fourth 25. Q. to K. Kt. third (check)
26. Q. to K. Kt. fifth 26. Q. to Q. B. third
27. R. takes Kt. (check) 27. B. takes R.
28. Q. to K. B. fifth (check) 28. K. to his Kt. square
29. Q. takes B.
BLACK RESIGNED.
Notes to Game CXXXIL
(a) This is the move referred to in a note attached to Game CXXXI.
(6) White would have played badly had he taken the Knight with his
Rook.
(c) A very skilful move.
(d) This appears to be the only move by which White could save the
game.
(e) His best move apparently.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 391
GAME CXXXIII.
Between the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club, and
strong Metropolitan Player.
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. D—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K.P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. checks
5. Q. B. P. one 5. P. takes P.
6. Castles 6. P. to Q. B. seventh
7. Q. takes P. 7. Q. P. one
8. Q. R. P. one - 8. B. to Q. B. fourth
9. Q. Kt. P. two 9. B. to Q. Kt. third
10. Q. B. to Kt. second 10. K. Kt. to B. third
11. K. P. one 11. P. takes P.
12. Kt. takes P. 12. Kt. takes Kt.
13. B. takes Kt. 13. Castles
14. Q. Kt. to B. third 14. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
15. Q. R. to Q. square 15. Q. to K. R. fifth
16. Q. B. to K. Kt. third 16. Kt. to K. sixth
17. Q. to Q. third 17. Q. takes K. B.
18. K. B. P. takes Kt. 18. Q. takes Q.
19. R. takes Q. 19. Q. B. to K. third
20. R. to K. square 20. Q. R..to Q. square
21. R. takes R. 21. R. takes R.
22. Kt. to Q. R. fourth 22. R. to Q. sixth
23. Kt. takes B. 23. Q. B. P. takes Kt.
24. K. P. one 24. R. takes Q. R. P.
25. R. to Q. square 25. K. R. P. one
26. R. checks 26. K. to R. second
27. R. to Q. Kt. eighth 27. Q. R P. two
28. P. takes P. 28. P. takes P.
29- R. takes P. 29. R. checks
30. K. to his B. second 30. Q. R. P. one
31. B. to K. fifth 31. R. to Q. B. eighth
32. R. to Q. B. seventh 32. R. to Q. Kt. eighth
33. R. to R. seventh 33. R. to Q. Kt. fifth
34. K. to K. third 34. R. to Kt. sixth (check)
35. K. to Q. second 35. Q. R. P. one
36. R. to R. fourth 36. Q. R. P. one
37. B. to Q. B. third (a) 37. R. to Kt. eighth
38. K. to K. second 38. R. to Q. B. eighth
39. B. to Q. fourth 39. R. to Q. B. seventh (check)
40. K. to B. third 40. K. R. P. one
41. K. R. P. one 41. K. Kt. P. two
392 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (Hon. Sec.) Black. (Mr. D—.)
42. R. to Q. R. eighth 42. K. B. P. two
43. R. to Q. R. seventh (check) 43. K. to Kt. third
44. P. takes P. (check) 44. K. takes P.
45. K. Kt. P. two (check) 45. P. takes P. (check)
46. P. takes P. (check) 46. K. to Kt. third
47. R. to Q. R. sixth 47. K. to B. second
48. R. to R. seventh (check) 48. K. to his square
49. B. to K. B. sixth
THE GAME WAS DRAWN.
GAME CXXXIV.
Between the Honorary Secretary of the London Chess Club and
M. Zytogorski ; the former giving the Pawn and Move.
(.Black's K. B.'s P. must be taken from the board.)
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Hon. Sec.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. one
2. Q. P. two 2. Q. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. K. B. to K. second
4. K. B. to Q. third 4. K. Kt. P. one
5. Q. to K. Kt. fourth 5. Q. B. P. two
6. Q. B. P. one 6. Q. Kt. to B. third
7. K. Kt. to B. third 7. K. to Q. second (a)
8. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 8. Q. R. P. one
9. B. takes Kt. (check) 9. K. takes B.
10. Q. P. takes Q. B. P. (6) 10. B. takes P.
11. Q. B. toK. Kt. fifth 11. Q. to her Kt. third
12. Castles 12. Q. takes Q. Kt. P.
13. Q. Kt. to Q. second 13. Q. B. to Q. second
14. K. R. to Q. Kt. square 14. Q. to Q. B. seventh
15. K. Kt. to Q. fourth (check) 15. B. takes Kt.
16. Q. takes B. (c) 16. 0, Kt. P. two
17. Q. B. P. one (rf) 17- K. to Q. Kt. second
18. Q. B. P. takes Q. P. 18. K. P. takes Q. P.
19. K. R. to Q. B. square 19. Q. to K. B. fourth
20. Q. takes Q. P. (check) 20. K. to Q. Kt. third
21. B. to K. third (check) 21. K. to Q. R. fourth
22. Kt. to Q. B. fourth (check) 22. K. to R. fifth
23. Kt. to Q. Kt. sixth (check) 23. K. to R. fourth
24. R. to Q. B. fourth
BLACK ABANDONED THE GAME, (e)
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 393
GAME CXXXV.
Between Messrs. P— t and C e.
White. (Mr. C—.) Black. (Mr. P—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. Kt. to B. third 2. Q. Kt. to B. third
3. Q. P. two 3. P. takes P.
4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 4. K. B. checks
5. B. to Q. second 5. B. takes B. (check)
6. Q. takes B. 6. Q. to K. B. third
7. Castles 7. Q. P. one
8. Q. B. P. one 8. Kt. to K. fourth
9. Kt. takes Kt. 9. P. takes Kt.
10. P. takes P. 10. P. takes P.
11. K. P. one 11. Q. to Q. Kt. third
12. Q. Kt. to R. third 12. Kt. to K. second
13. Kt. to Kt. fifth 13. Kt. to K. B. fourth
14. Q. R. to Q. square 14. Q. B. P. two
15. K. Kt. P. two 15. Q. R. P. one
16. Q. to Q. third 16. Castles
17. P. takes Kt. 17. P. takes Kt.
18. B. takes P. 18. B. takes P.
1 9. Q. takes B. 19. Q. takes B.
20. R. to Q. third 20. Q. R. takes P.
21. K. P. one 21. P. takes P.
22. Q. takes P. (check) 22. K. to R. square
23. R. to K. R. third 23. Q. R. to Q. R. third
24. Q. to K. seventh 24. Q. R. to K. Kt. third (check)
25. R. to K. Kt. third 25. K. R. to K. square
26. Q. to K. B. seventh 26. R. takes R. (check)
27. K. B. P. takes R. 27. K. R. P. one
28. K. Kt. P. one 28. Q. B. P. one
29. K. R. P. two 29. Q. P. one
30. K. Kt. P. one 30. ft. to Q. B. fourth (check)
31. K. to R. square 31. Q. to Q. B. third (check)
32. K. to Kt. square 32. R. to K. seventh
33. Q. to K. B. eighth (check) 33. K. to R. second
WHITE RESIGNED.
394 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
GAME CXXXVI.
Between Mr. St- n and a strong Metropolitan Player.
Black. (Mr. —.) White. (Mr. S—.)
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. P. two
4. P. takes P. 4. K. Kt. to B. third
5. QL Kt. to B. third 5. Q. B. P. one
6. 0, P. one 6. K. B. to Q. third
7. P. takes a B. P. 7. Q. Kt. takes P.
8. K. Kt. to B. third 8. Castles
9. Castles 9. Q. B. to K. Kt. fifth
10. U. Kt. to K. second 10. B. takes Kt.
11. K. Kt. P. takes B. 11. Kt. to K. R. fourth
12. Q. P. one 12. Q. to K. R. fifth
13. Q. B. P. one 13. Q. R. to K. square
14. R. to B. second 14. Kt. to K. second
15. Q. to her third 15. Q. to R. sixth
1C. R. to K. Kt. second 16. Kt. to K. B. fourth
17- K. to R. square 17. R. takes Kt.
BLACK RESIGNED. .
GAME CXXXVII.
Between M. Zytogorski and Mr. St- -n ; the latter giving the
Pawn and two Moves.
(Black's K. B. P. must be taken from the board.)
White. (M. Z—.) Black. (Mr. S—.)
1. K. P. two 1.
2. Q. P. two 2. K. P. one
3. K. B. to Q. third 3. Q. B. P. two
4. P. takes P. 4. Q. to Q. R. fourth (check)
5. Q. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. takes P.
6. Q. B. to K. third 6. Q. to Q. R. fourth
7. K. Kt. to K. second 7. K. B. to Q. third
8. Castles 8. K. Kt. to B. third
9. Q. R. P. one 9. Castles
10. Q. Kt. P. two 10. B. takes K. R. P. (check)
11. K. takes B. 11. Q. to K. R. fourth (check)
12. K. to Kt. square 12. Kt. to K. Kt. fifth
WHITE RESIGNED.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 395
GAME CXXXVIII.
The following brilliant little Game was played by Mr. C- with
a Native of India ; Mr. C. giving his opponent the odds of the Queen.
(White's Queen must be taken from the board.)
White. (Mr. C—.) Black. ( )
1. K. P. two 1. K. P. two
2. K. B. P. two 2. P. takes P.
3. K. B. to Q. B. fourth 3. Q. checks
4. K. to Q. square 4. K. B. to Q. B. fourth
5. K. Kt. to B. third 5. Q. to her square
6. Q. P. two 6. K. B. to Q. Kt. third
7. Q. B. takes P. 7. K. B. P. one
8. K. P. one 8. K. Kt. to K. second
9. P. takes P. 9. P. takes P.
10. Q. Kt. to B. third 10. Q. Kt. to B. third
11. R. to K. square 11. B. to d. R. fourth
12. Q. Kt. to K. fourth B. takes R.
13. Kt. takes K. B. P. (check) K. to B. square
14. Q. B. to K. R. sixth (mate).
GAME CXXXIX.
In the Match between M. De la Bourdonnais and Mr. M'Donnell.
(Game 23rd.)
White. (M. De la B.) Black. (Mr. M'D.)
1. Q. P. two 1. Q. P. two
2. Q. B. to K. B. fourth 2. Q. B. P. two
3. K. P. one 3. Q. Kt. to B. third
4. K. Kt. to B. third 4. B. to K. Kt. fifth
5. K. B. to K. second 5. B. takes Kt.
6. B. takes B. 6. K. P. one
7. Q. B. P. two 7. K. Kt. to B. third
8. Q. Kt. to B. third 8. Q. B. P. takes P.
9. K. P. takes P. 9. Q. P. takes P.
10. Castles 10. K. B. to K. second
11. B. takes Q. Kt. (check) 11. P. takes B.
12. Q. to Q. R. fourth 12. Castles
13. Q. takes P. at her B. fourth 13. Q. R. to Q. B. square
14. Q. R. P. one 14. B. to Q. third
15. B. to K. Kt. third 15. B. takes B.
16. K. B. P. takes B. 16. Kt. to Q. fourth
17. Q. R. to K. square 17. Q. to K. Kt. fourth
18. Kt. to K. fourth 18. Q. to K. second
19. Q. Kt. P. two 19. Q. R. P. two
396 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. (M. De la BO Black. (Mr. M'D.)
20. Kt. to Q. B. fifth 20. Q. R. P. takes P.
21. P. takes P. 21. Q. R. to Q. Kt. square
22. Kt. to Q. R. sixth 22. R. to Q. Kt. third
23. Q. Kt. P. one 23. Q. to Q. R. sixth
24. Q. to Q. B. fifth 24. Q. takes Q.
25. Kt. takes Q. 25. R. takes P.
26. Kt. to Q. seventh 26. K. R. to Q. B. square
27. Kt. to K. fifth 27. Q. R. to Q. Kt. second
28. R. to Q. B. square 28. Q. R. to Q. B. second
29. R. to Q. B. fifth 29. K. B. P. one
30. Kt. to Q. B. fourth 30. K. to B. square
31. K. R. to Q. R. square 31. K. to K. second
32. K. R. to Q. R. sixth 32. Kt. to Q. Kt. fifth
33. R. to Q. R. fourth 33. R. to Q. Kt. square
34. Kt. to Q. R. fifth 34. Kt. to Q. sixth (a)
35. K. to B. square 35. Kt. takes R.
36. P. takes Kt. 36. R. to Q. Kt. fourth
WHITE RESIGNED.
Note to Game CXXXIX.
(a) Threatening mate. This game is remarkably well played by
Mr. M'Donnell.
SOLUTIONS
TO THE
PROBLEMS FOR YOUNG PLAYERS,
Published in our last Week's " Chronicle."
No. 35.
White. Black.
1. R. to K. Kt.'s sixth 1. Kt.'s P. takes P. (check) (best)
2. K. to B.'s third 2. P. to K. R.'s seventh
3. R. to K. Kt.'s fourth (check) 3. K. to R.'s sixth
4. Kt. to K. R.'s square, and
must mate next move.
No. 36.
White. Black.
1. K. to Kt.'s second 1. P. to K. Kt.'s sixth
2. Q. to K. Kt.'s sixth 2. P. to Kt.'s fifth
3. Q. to B.'s sixth (check) 3. K. takes P.
4. Q. to B.'s fifth (check) 4. K. to R.'s fifth
5. Q. to K. Kt.'s sixth 5. R. P. one
6. Q. to B.'s sixth (mate).
SCIENTIFIC STRATAGEMS
SELECTED FROM THE WORKS OP
THE BEST AUTHORS ON CHESS.
No. 31.
By PonzianI.
White. Black.
K. at Q. B.'s square K. at K. R.'s third
R. at K. B.'s second R. at K.'s second
B. at K.'s square B. at K. B.'s second
Pawns at K. Kt.'s third, Q.'s sixth,
Q. B.'s seventh, and Q. Kt.'s
fifth
White to draw.
No. 32.
By the same.
White. Black.
K. at K.'s second K. at his R.'s eighth
R. at Q. B.'s sixth R. at K. R.'s second
308 THE BRITIPII MISCELLANY,
White. Black.
B. at Q.'s seventh R. at K. B.'s square
Pawns at Q. R.'s second and Q. Pawns at K. R.'s seventh, K. B.'s
Kt.'s fifth fifth, Q. B.'s second, and Q. R.'s
fourth
White to draw.
No. 33.
By Lewis.
White. Black.
K. at his Kt.'s square K. at Q. R.'s square
Q. at her R.'s third Q. at K.'s second
R. at Q.'s square R. at K.'s fourth
R. at Q.'s fourth Kt. at Q. B.'s fourth
Pawns at K. R.'s fourth, K. Kt.'s Pawns at K. Kt.'s fifth, K. B.'s
third, K. B.'s second, Q. B.'s . sixth, K.'s sixth, Q. Kt.'s third,
fourth, and Q. Kt.'s fifth and Q. R.'s second
White to win.
No. 34.
By Cozio.
White. Black.
K. at Q.'s seventh K. at Q. R.'s square
B. at Q. R.'s fourth R. at Q. B.'s eighth
Kt. at K.'s third Pawns at K. R.'s fourth, K. Kt.'s
Pawn at Q. R.'s sixth fifth, K. B.'s third, Q. B.'s
second, Q. Kt.'s third, and Q.
R.'s second
White to win.
No. 35.
By the Rev. H. Bolton.
White. Black.
K. at Q. R.'s eighth K. at Q. R.'s fourth
R. at Q. Kt.'s fourth Q. at K. Kt.'s square
B. at K.'s fifth R. at K. R.'s square
Kt. at Q.'s fourth B. at Q. Kt.'s square
Pawns at Q. Kt.'s second and Pawns at K.'s third and Q.'s fourth
Q. R.'s third
White to win in six moves.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHKONICLE. 399
PROBLEM, No.47.
By M. D'Orville.
White to play, and effect Mate in eight Moves.
33lads.
mm
IP ■ mm 111
■
■
■ H B
bp
H H fill
HP
ill 11 ill is
HP
fsB
& IF
mm
IIP
■f ■
OThtte.
NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
CHESS.
" G. S. S., Liverpool."—The game alluded to, was one played by
two Members of the Liverpool Chess Club ; the first player giving a
Knight. Thanks for the solution.
" Palamedes."—The solution is correct.
" G. W., Bath."—We will attend to the suggestion immediately.
" Cambridge Advertiser."—A communication has been forwarded.
"M n, Highbury."—The diagrams referred to are printed
correctly : solutions will appear in No. 26.
" Guy of Warwick."—We know of no Chess Club in the "An
cient City of Coventry," nor are we acquainted with any players in that
neighbourhood. There are several amateurs resident in Birmingham ;
and a new Club, comprising upwards of forty members, has been esta
blished, during the past month, at Wolverhampton.
400 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
" J. B., Brighton."—The solution of Problem No. 35 is true. In
Problem No. 31, the Pawn is rightly placed, as " J. B." will perceive on
looking at the solution in our next.
" T. S. D."—The best players in London may be met with at Goode's
Chess Rooms. Apply there for Mr. Lewis's " Second Series of Chess
Lessons."
" W. C. H., Gloucester."—The solution has been forwarded as
desired.
The suggestions of "W. R." "S. M." and "J. L. C." concerning a
revision of the Laws of Chess, have been anticipated.
"Qoilp's" interpretation of the advice addressed to "A Young
Student," (Notices to Correspondents, page 383,) into a reflection upon
Chess authors and professors, is a very wilful or a very silly perversion
of our meaning. The observations in question were intended for, and
are only applicable to, amateurs of the game.
" Old 72, Witney Chess Club."—Neither of the solutions is
correct. In Problem No. 28, our Correspondent must remember that
White is not to allow his opponent an opportunity of moving his Pawns.
Twenty-five Numbers of "The Chess Player's Chronicle" have
appeared. The three parts of the First Series of "The British
Miscellany," may be obtained of the Publisher. Will " Old 72 "
favour us with a List of the Members belonging to the Witney Chess
Clubs f
" Honest, Wise, Hale, Bristol."—The solutions alluded to were
mislaid : they shall be examined ; and the other particularly replied to
in a private communication.
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 401
SOLUTIONS
THIS VOLUME.
No. 1.
White. Black.
1. Q to her sixth (check) K. to B.'s third
2. Q. to K. B.'s fourth (check) K. to his second
3. Q. to Q. Kt.'s fourth (check) K. to his B 's third
4. Q. to her fourth (check) K. to his second
5. Q. to Q. B.'s fifth (check) K. to his B.'s third (a)
6. R. to K. B.'s fifth (check) P. takes R.
7. Q. to her sixth (mate).
No. 2.
White. Black.
1. B. to Q. B.'s fourth K. to Q. Kt.'s fifth
2. B. to Q.'s fifth K. to Q. R.'s fifth
3. B. to Q. R.'s second K. to Q. Kt.'s fifth
4. Kt. to Q. B.'s second (check) K. to Q. R.'s fifth
5. P. advances one square (mate).
No
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s seventh (check) K. to Q. Kt.'s square (best) (b)
2. Q. to her R.'s eighth (check) K. takes Q.
3. B. to Q. B.'s sixth (check and K. to Kt.'s square
discov. check)
4. R. to Q. R.'s eighth (mate).
No. 4.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K. Kt.'s sixth (check) P. takes Kt.
2. B. takes K. Kt.'s P. (check) Q. takes B.
3. R. to K. R.'s third (check) Q. interposes
4. R. takes Q. (mate).
No. 5.
White. Black.
1. R. takes Kt. R. takes R. ; or (A)
2. Q. to K. B.'s fifth K. to his Kt.'s square (best)
3. B. to Q. Kt.'s third (check) Q.s' R. interposes
4. Q. takes R. (check) R. takes Q.
5. R. to K.'s eighth (mate).
Vol. I.—N. S. 2d
402 THR BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. Black.
1. R. takes Kt. Kt. to K.'s second
2. R. takes Kt. R. at K. Kt.'s square takes R.
3. Q. to K. B.'s fifth R. takes Q. (best)
4. R. checks R. interposes
5. R. takes R. (mate).
No. 6.
Black.
1. R. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 1. K. to Kt.'s second
2. R. to K. Kt.'s sixth (check) 2. K. to B.'s second
3. R. to B.'s sixth (check) 3. K. to his square.
4. R. to K.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to Q.'s square (best)
5. R. to Q.'s sixth (check) 5. K. to Q. B.'s square
6. Kt. to Q. Kt.'s sixth (check) 6. K. to Kt.'s square (best)
7. R. to Q.'s eighth (check) 7. K. to B.'s second
8. R. to Q.'s seventh (check) 8. K. takes Kt.
9. R. takes Q. 9. K. takes R.
10. K. R.'s P. one 10. Q. Kt.'s P. one (best)
11. R.'s P. one 11. Kt.'s P. one
1 2. R.'s P. one, becoming a Queen 12. Kt.'s P. one, becoming a
Queen
13. Q. to her fourth (check), win
ning the Pawn, and draw
ing the game.
No. 7.
White. - Black.
1. Kt. to K. R.'s fifth (check) 1. K. to his R.'s third (d)
2. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 2. Kt. interposes (best)
3. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 3. K. takes Kt. at his R.'s fourth
4. Q. to K.'s second (check) 4. K. to his R.'s fifth
5. Q. to K. B.'s second (check) 5. K. to R.'s fourth
6. Q. to K. B.'s third (check) 6. K. to R.'s fifth
7. Q. to K. R.'s third (mate).
No. 8.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s B.'s fourth 1. B. to K.'s sixth (best)
2. Kt. to K. R.'s fifth 2. B. to B.'s seventh
3. Kt. takes P. (check) 3. B. takes Kt.
4. R. takes B. 4. K. to R.'s seventh (best)
5. R. to K.'s third 5. P. one
6. R. to Q.'s third 6. P. one
7. R. to K.'s third 7. P. one
8. R. to B.'s third 8. K. to R.'s eighth
9. R. takes P. (mate).
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 403
No. 9.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s fourth 1. K. to his B.'s fourth
2. K. to K.'a third 2. K. to his fourth (best)
3. Kt. from K.'s sixth, to K. Kt.'s 3. K. to B.'s fourth
fifth
4. Kt. to K. B.'s third 4. K. to K. Kt.'s fifth
5. Kt. to Q.'s fourth 5. K. to K. R.'s fifth
6. Kt. to K. B.'s fifth (check) 6. K. to K. Kt.'s fifth
7. Kt. to K. Kt.'s seventh 7. K. to K. R.'s fifth
8. K. to K. B.'s second 8. K. to Kt.'s fifth
9. Kt. to K. Kt.'s sixth 9- K. to R.'s sixth
10. Kt. to K. B.'s sixth 10. K. to R.'s seventh
11. Kt. to K. B.'s fourth. 11. K. to R.'s eighth
12. Kt. to K. B.'s fifth 12. K. to R.'s seventh
13. Kt. to K. Kt.'s fourth (check) 13. K. to R.'s eighth
14. Kt. to Kt.'s third (mate).
No. 10.
[The correct solution of this difficult Problem has not yet reached
us.—Ed.]
No. 11.
White. Black.
1. R. to K. Kt.'s fourth (check) I 1. Q. takes R. (best)
2. Kt. from K.'s fifth, to K. B.'s I 2. K. to his R.'s fourth
seventh (check)
3. Q. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 3. K. Kt.'s P. takes Q.
4. Kt. from Q.'s fifth, to K. B.'s
sixth (mate).
No. 12
White. Black.
1. K. B.'s P. one Q. to K. Kt.'s eighth (check)
2. R. takes Q. K. Kt.'s P. takes Q.
3. K. B.'s P. one, (discov. check) K. R. to Kt.'s second
4. K. B.'s P. one becoming a
Queen (mate).
No. 13
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K. Kt.'s eighth (check) K. to his Kt.'s fourth
2. R. takes K.'s P. (discov. check R. takes Q. ; or (A)
with the Q.)
3. B. to K. B.'s sixth (check) 3. Kt. takes B.
4. K. R.'s P. two (mate).
White. (A) Black.
2. K. to his R.s fifth
Q. to K. B.'s second (check) 3. K. to his Kt.'s fourth ; or to
K. R.'s P. two (mate) ; or his R.'s sixth
Q. to K. Kt.'s third (mate). 2d2
404 THB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
No. 14.
White. Black.
1. K. Kt.'s P. takes P. 1. B. takes K.'s P.
2. P. to K. R.'s eighth, becomes a
Bishop (e)
And White wins easily.
No. 15.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to Q. R.'s seventh (check) 1. K. to Q.'s second
2. K.'s P. one (check) 2. K. to Q.'s third
3. Kt. from Q. R.'s seventh to 3. K. to his fourth
Q. Kt.'s fifth (check)
4. K. to his Kt.'s fifth 4. Kt. to Q.'s fourth (best)
5. B. to Q. B.'s seventh (check) 5. Kt. takes B.
6. K. B.'s P. two (MATE).
No. 16.
White. Black.
1. K. B. to K. Kt.'s fourth 1 . K. to his Kt.'s square
2. Q. B. to K. Kt.'s fifth 2. K. to R.'s square
3. K. to K. Kt.'s third 3. K. to Kt.'s square
4. K. to K. B.'s fourth 4. K. to R.'s square
5. K. to B.'s fifth 5. K. to Kt.'s square
6. K. to K.'s sixth 6. K. to R.'s square
7. Q. to K. B.'s square 7. K. to Kt.'s square
8. Q. R. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 8. K. to Kt.'s second, or to R.'s
second
9. K. R. to K. B.'s seventh (ch.) 9. K. to Kt.'s third
10. Q. B. to Q.'s eighth 10. K. to R.'s third
11. K. R. to Q. R.'s seventh 11. K. to Kt.'s third
12. Q. R. to K. B.'s sixth (check) 12. K. to Kt.'s fourth
13. K. B. to Q.'s square 13. K. to R.'s fifth
14. Q. R. to K. B.'s seventh 14. K. to Kt.'s sixth
(discov. check)
15. K. R. to Q. R.'s second 15. K. to R.'s seventh
16. Q. R. to Q. R.'s seventh 16. K. to Kt.'s sixth
17. Q. R. to Q. R.'s sixth 17. K. to R.'s seventh
18. K. to K. B.'s seventh 18. K. to Kt.'s sixth
19. K. to K. B.'s eighth 19. K. to R.'s seventh
20. Q. B.'s P. two (discov. check) 20. K. to Kt.'s sixth
21. K. R. to K. Kt.'s second (ch.) 21. K. to R.'s sixth
22. K. R. to Q. B.'s second 22. K. to Kt.'s sixth
(discov. check)
23. Q. to K. Kt.'s second (check) 23. K. to B.'s fifth
24. Q. to K. B.'s third (check) 24. K. to his fourth
25. Q. to K. Kt.'s third (check) 25. K. to his third, or to B.'s
fourth
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 405
White. Black.
26. Q. to K. Kt.'s fourth (check) 26. K. to his fourth
27. Q. to K. Kt.'s fifth (check) 27. K. to his third
28. Q. to K. B.'s sixth (check) 28. K. to Q.'s second
29. K. B. to K. Kt.'s fourth (ch.) 29. K. to Q. B.'s third
30. Q. B.'s P. one 30. K. to Q. Kt.'s second
31. K. B. to Q. B.'s eighth (check) 31. K. takes K.'s B. ; or (A) or (B)
32. Q. B.'s P. one 32. K. to Q. Kt.'s square
33. K. R. to Q. R.'s second 33. K. to Q. B.'s square
34. Q. R. to Q. R.'s seventh 34. K. to Q. Kt.'s square
35. Q. R. to Q. Kt.'s second (ch.) 35. K. to Q. B.'s square
36. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 36. K. takes B.
37. Q. B.'s P. one (mate).
White. Black.
31. K. B. to Q. B.'s eighth (check) 31. K. to Q. B.'s third
32. Q. B. to Q. B.'s seventh 32. K. takes Q.'s B.
33. Q. B.'s P. one 33. K. takes B. ; or (C)
34. Q. R. to Q. R.'s seventh 34. K. to Q. Kt.'s square
35. K. R. to Q. R.'s second 35. K. to B.'s square
36. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 36. K. to Q. or Kt.'s square
37. Q. B.'s P. one (mate).
(B)
White. Black.
31. K. B. to Q. B.'s eighth (ch.) 31. K. to Q. Kt.'s square
32. Q. B.'s P. one 32. K. takes K.'s B.
%3. K. R. to Q. R.'s second 33. K. to Kt.'s square
34. Q. R. to Q. R.'s seventh 34. K. to B.'s square
35. Q. to K.'s sixth (check) 35. K. takes B., or moves to Kt.'s
square
36. Q. B. P. one (MATB).
White. Black.
33. Q. B.'s P. one 33. K. to Q. Kt.'s square
34. Q. to K.'s sixth 34. K. to B.'s second
35. Q. to Q.'s seventh (check) 35. K. to Kt.'s square
36. Q. B.'s P. one (mate).
No. 17.
White. Black.
1. B. takes Q. B.'s P. (discov. Kt. takes Q. (best)
check with the Q.)
2. B. to K.'s eighth (discov. check Q. takes R. (best)
with R.)
3. K. Kt's P. one (check) K. to his Kt.'s third
4. K. B.'s P. one (becoming a Kt.,
checking, and discov. check
with the B.) (mate).
-UK! THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
No. 18.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to Q. Kt.'s fifth . 1. Q. Kt.'s P. one
2. Kt. to Q.'s fourth 2. Q. Kt.'s P. one
3. a B.'s P. one 3. Q. Kt.'s P. one
4. R. to Q. R.'s third (check) 4. P. takes R.
5. Q. Kt.'s P. one (check) (mate). [
No. 19.
We have been favoured by an ingenious Correspondent with the
following solution of this Problem, in six moves.
White. Black.
1. Q. to her B.'s third (check) K. to his second (best)
2. Q. to her B.'s fifth (check) K. to his square (best)
3. Q. to her B.'s eighth (check) K. to his second
4. R. to Q.'s seventh (check) K. to B.'s third
5. Q. takes Q. (check) R. to K. Kt.'s second
6. Q. takes R. (check) (mate).
No. 20.
White. Black.
1. R. to K. Kt.'s sixth to his B.'s fourth
2. B. to K. R.'s seventh to his fourth
3. R. to Q. B.'s sixth to Q.'s fourth
4. B. to K.'s fourth (check) to his fourth
5. Q.'s P. two (check) (mate).
No. 21.
White. Black.
1. R. to Q. R.'s sixth 1. K. to K. Kt.'s square (best)
2. Kt. to Q.'s second 2. K. to R.'s square (c)
3. Kt. to K. B.'s third 3. K. to Kt.'s square
4. Kt. to Q.'s fourth 4. K. to R.'s square
5. Kt. to K. B.'s fifth 5. K. to Kt.'s square
6. R. to K. Kt.'s sixth (check) 6. K. to R.'s square
7. R. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 7. K. to Kt.'s square
8. R. to K. R.'s square 8. K. to K. B.'s second
9. R. to K. Kt.'s square 9. K. to K. B.'s square
10. Kt. to Q.'s sixth 10. K. to his second
11. R. to K. B.'s square 11. K. to his third
12. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh 12. K. to his second
13. Kt. to K. Kt.'s fifth 13. K. to his square
14. R. to K. B.'s seventh 14. K. to Q.'s square
15. Kt. to K.'s fourth 15. K. to his square
16. Kt. to Q.'s sixth (check) 16. K. to Q.'s square
17. R- to K. B.'s square 17. K. to Q.'s second
18. R. to K.'s square 18. K. to Q.'s square
19. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 19. K. to Q.'s second
20. R. to K.'s second 20. K. to Q. B.'s square
AND CHESS PLAYER'* CHRONICLE. 407
White. Black.
21. R. to K 's seventh 21. K. to Q. Kt.'s square
22. Kt. to Q.'s sixth 22. K. to Q. R.'s square
23. R. to K.'s eighth (check) 23. K. to Q. R.'s second
24. R. to Q. B.'s eighth 24. K. to Q. R.'s third
25. R. to Q. R.'s square (check)
(mate).
No. 22.
White. Black.
1. R. to K. R.'s eighth (check) 1. K. to his Kt.'s eighth
2. Q. to K. R.'s second (check) 2. K. to his B.'s eighth
3. R. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 3. K. to his eighth
4. Q. to K. B.'s second (check) 4. K. to Q.'s eighth
5. R. to Q.'s eighth (check) 5. K. to Q. B.'s eighth
6. Q. to K.'s third (check) 6. K. to Q. B.'s seventh
7. Q. to Q.'s third (check) 7. K. to Q. B.'s eighth
8. R. to Q. B.'s eighth (check) 8. Kt. interposes
9. R. to Q. B.'s seventh 9. Q Kt.'s P. one square (mate).
No. 23.
White. Black.
1. R. takes Kt. (check) 1. Kt. takes R.
2. Q. takes B. (check) 2. Kt. takes Q.
3. B. takes Kt. (check) 3. K. takes B.
4. Kt. to B.'s fourth (mate).
No. 24.
White. Black.
1. R. to Q. B.'s seventh 1. K. to Q.'s fourth
2. R. to Q. B.'s sixth 2. K. to Q.'s fifth
3. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh 3. K. to Q.'s fourth
4. Kt. to K.'s fifth 4. K. to Q.'s fifth
5. Kt. to Q-'g third 5. K. to Q.'s fourth
6. Kt. to Q. Kt.'s fourth (check) 6. K. to Q.'s fifth
7. P. one (mate).
No. 25.
White. Black.
1. Q.'s P. one (check) 1. K. to Q.'s fourth
2. Kt. to Q.'s eighth 2. P. one (check)
3. K. to Q.'s third 3. P. one
4. R. to K. B.'s sixth 4. P. one
5. R. takes P. 5. K. to Q.'s third
6. R. to K. B.'s seventh 6. K. to Q.'s fourth
7. R. to Q.'s seventh (ch.) (mate).
408 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
No. 26.
Since we published this stratagem, the author has discovered the following
method of effecting mate, in accordance with the imposed conditions
in sixteen moves.
White. Black.
1. Kt. to K.'s sixth 1. K. to R.'s second
2. Kt. to Q. B.'s seventh 2. K. to Kt.'s square
3. Kt. to B.'s eighth 3. P. two squares (best)
4. Kt. to R.'s sixth (check) 4. K. to Kt.'s second
5. Kt. to Kt.'s fourth 5. K. to Kt.'s square
6. Q. B.'s P. one 6. K. to R.'s square
7. Kt. to Kt.'s sixth (check) 7. K. to R.'s second
8. Kt. from Kt.'s sixth, to Q.'s 8. K. to Kt.'s square, or (A)
fifth
9. Kt. to K. B.'s fourth 9. K. to R.'s second
10. K. to Q. B.'s seventh 10. K. to R.'s square
11. K. to Kt.'s sixth 11. K. to Kt.'s square
12. Kt. to K.'s sixth 12. K. to B.'s square
13. K. to Q. R.'s sixth 13. K. to Kt.'s square
14. Kt. to Q.'s fifth 14. P. one
15. Kt. to Q. Kt.'s sixth 15. P. one
16. Q. B.'s P. one (check) (mate).
(A)
White. Black.
8. Kt. from Kt.'s sixth to ft.'s fifth K. to R.'s square
9. K. to Q. B.'s seventh K. to R.'s second square
10. Kt. to K. B.'s fourth K. to R.'s square
11. K. to Q. Kt.'s sixth K. to Kt.'s square
12. Kt. to K.'s sixth 12. K. to R.'s square
13. K. to R.'s sixth 13. K. to Kt.'s square
14. Kt. to ft.'s fifth 14. K. to B.'s square
15. Kt. to Q. Kt.'s sixth (check) 15. K. to Kt.'s square
16. Q. B.'s P. one (check) (mate).
No. 27.
White. Black.
1 . Kt. to. K. B. fifth (double ch.) 1. K. to his fifth
2. Kt. to K. R.'s fourth 2. Kt. to Q.'s second (best)
3. Kt. to K. B.'s second (check) 3. K. to his sixth, or to Q.'s fifth
4. Kt. to Q.'s square (discov. ch.) 4. K. to his fifth
5. Kt. to ft. B.'s third (check)
(mate).
No. 28.
White. Black.
Q. to her fifth (check) 1. K. to Q. R.'s fifth
Q. to her R.'s eighth (check) 2. K. to Q. Kt.'s sixth
AND CHES3 PLAYEr's CHRONICLE. 409
White. Black.
3. B. to K. B.'s second 3. K. to Q. B.'s fifth
4. Q. to K.'s fourth (check) 4. K. to Q. Kt.'s sixth
5. K. to Q. B.'s square 5. K. to Q. R.'s fifth or seventh
6. Q. to Q. R.'s eighth (check) 6. K. to Q. Kt.'s sixth
7. Q. to Q. R.'s seventh 7. K. to Q. B.'s fifth
8. Q. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 8. K. to Q.'s sixth
9. Q. to K. B.'s third (check) 9. K. to Q. B. s fifth
10. P. one check and (mate).
No. 29.
We have been favoured, by Dr. Bledow, of the Berlin Chess Club, with
the following ingenious solution of this Problem, in twelve moves.
White. Black.
Kt. from K. Kt.'s eighth to | 1 K. to R.'s seventh (best)
K. B.'s sixth
K. to his Kt.'s fourth 2 K. to R.'s eighth (best)
K. to his R.'s third 3. K. to his Kt.'s eighth
K. to his Kt.'s third 4. K. to R.'s eighth
Kt. from B.'s sixth to K.'s 5 P. advances two (/)
fourth or K. Kt.'s fourth
6. Kt. to K. B.'s second (check) 6. K. to Kt.'s eighth
7. Kt. to R.'s third (check) 7. K. to R.'s eighth
8. Kt. to K. B.'s fourth 8. K. to Kt.'s eighth
9. Kt. to K.'s second (check) 9. K. to R.'s eighth
10. Kt. from K.'s third to B.'s sq. 10. P. one (check)
11. K. to bis B.'s second 11. P. one
12. Kt. from K.'s second to Kt.'s
third (mate).
No. 30.
White. Black.
Q. to her R.'s fourth (check) 1. K. to his B.'s square
Q. Kt. to Q.'s seventh (check) 2. K. to his square
Q. Kt. to K.'s fifth (discov. 3. K. to B.'s square
check)
R. to Q. Kt.'s fifth (discov. 4. K. to his square
check)
5. R. to Q. B.'s fifth (discov. ch.) 5. K. to B.'s square
6. R. to Q. B.'s sixth (discov. ch.) 6. K. to his square
7. R. to Q.'s sixth (discov. ch.) 7. K. to B's square
8. R. to Q.'s seventh (discov. ch.) 8. K. to his square
9. R. to K.'s seventh (double ch.) 9. K. to B.'s square
10. Q.'s Kt. to K. Kt.'s sixth 10. Q. takes Kt.
(check)
11. Q. to K.'s eighth (check) 11. Q. takes Q.
12. R. takes ft. (double check) 12. K. takes R.
13. K. B.'s P. one (check) (mate).
410 TUB BRrrrsH MISCELLANY,
No. 31
White. Black.
1. B. to Q's fifth (check) 1. B. takes B.
2. R. to K. Kt.'s eighth (check) 2. B. takes R.
3. Kt. to Q. B.'s sixth, and mates
with the Pawn next move.
No. 33.
White. Black.
1. Q. takes K. Kt.'s P. (check) 1. K. takes Q.
2. Kt. to Q.'s fifth (discov. check) 2. K. to his Kt.'s square (best)
3. Kt. to K. B.'s sixth (check) 3. K. to his R. square
4. Kt. to K. Kt.'s fourth (discov. 4. K. to R.'8 second ; or (A)
check)
5. Kt. from R.'s third, to Kt.'s 5. K. to his Kt.'s square
fifth (check)
6. Kt. takes R.'s P. (check)
(mate).
(A)
White. Black.
4. Kt. to K. Kt.'s fourth (discov. 4. K. to Kt.'s square
check)
5. Kt. takes R.'s P. (check) 5. K. to R.'s second
6. Kt. from R.'s third, to Kt.'s
fifth (check) (mate.)
No.. 33.
White. Black.
1. R. takes K. R.'s P. (check) 1. K. takes R. (best)
2. Kt. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 2. K. to R.'s square
3. Q. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 3. P. takes Q.
4. B. takes K.'s P. (check)
(mate).
No. 34.
White. Black.
1. R. takes Kt. (discov. check) 1. R. takes Q.
2. R. takes K.'s P. (check) 2. R. takes R.
3. R. takes Q.'s P. (check) 3. B. takes R.
4. Q. B.'s P. one (discov. check) 4. B. takes B.
5. Kt. to Q.'s third (check)
(mate).
No. 35.
A valued contributor has favoured us with a solution of this
Problem, in Jive moves.
White. Black.
1. Q. to Q. R.'s seventh (check) 1 . K. to B.'s second
2. Q. takes B. (check) 2. K. to Q.'s third
AND CHESS PLAYERS CHRONICLE. 411
White. Black.
3. Q. to her fifth (check) K. to B.'s second
4. Q. to her B.'s sixth (check) K. to Kt.'s square
5. Q. takes Kt. (check) (mate).
No. 36.
White. Black.
1. Q. Kt.'s P. one (check) 1. K. to Q.. Kt.'s square
2. B. to K. B.'s fourth (check) 2. R. to Q. B.'s second
3. K. to his Kt.'s sixth 3. K. R.'s P. one
4. B. to K.'s fifth 4. R.'s P. one
5. K. to K. R.'s seventh 5. K. Kt.'s P. two (discov. check)
(best)
6. K. to Kt.'s eighth 6. R.'s P. one
7. K. to B.'s eighth 7. R.'s P. one
8. B. takes R.'s P. 8. Kt.'s P. one
9. B. to K.'s fifth 9. Kt.'s P. one
10. K. to his eighth 10. Kt.'s P. one
11. K. to Q.'s eighth 1 1 . Kt.'s P. one becoming a Queen
12. B. takes R. (check) (mate).
No. 37.
White. Black.
1. Q.'s R. to K.'s eighth (check) 1. R. interposes (discov. check)
2. K.'s R. to K. B.'s third (discov- 2. Kt. to K.'s fourth (best)
check)
3. Q.'s R. takes R. (check) Q. takes Q.'s R.
4. B. takes Kt. (check) Q. interposes
5. R. to K. B.'s eighth (check) B. interposes
6. R. takes B. (check) (mate).
No. 38.
Through an error in the diagram from whence this Problem was copied,
Black's King and Pawn are incorrectly placed : the following is the
proper position of the pieces.
White. Black.
1. K. at Q. B.'s square 1. K. at Q. R.'s fourth
2. B. at K. B.'s second 2. Pawn at Q. R.'s third
3. Kt. at Q.'s fourth
4. Pawns at Q. B.'s fourth, and
Q. R.'s second
The Mate is given thus :—
White. Black.
1. Kt. to Q. B.'s sixth (check) 1. K. to Q. R.'s fifth
2. B. to Q. B.'s fifth 2. P. one
3. B. to Q. Kt.'s fourth 3. P. takes B.
4. K. to Q. Kt.'s second 4. P. one
5. Q. R.'s P. takes P. (check)
(MATE).
412 TUB BRITISH MISCELLANY,
No. 39.
White. Black.
1. K. to his sixth 1. K. to his Kt.'s square
2. R. to K. B.'s fourth 2. K. to R.'s square
3. Q. to her B.'s third (check) 3. K. to Kt.'s square
4. K. Kt. P. one 4. P. takes P.
5. R. to K. B.'s seventh 5. P. one
6. R. P. one (check) (mate).
No. 40.
White. Black.
1. Q. to Q. R.'s eighth (check) 1. K. to Q.'s sixth
2. K. B. to Q. Kt.'s square (ch.) 2. K. to Q. B.'s sixth
3. Kt. to Q.'s square (check) 3. K. to Q. Kt.'s sixth
4. K. B. to Q. R.'s second (ch.) 4. K. to Q. R.'s sixth
5. R. to K. R.'s third (check) 5. B. interposes
6. Q.B. to K.'s third (discov. ch.) 6. B. takes Q.
1. Q.B.toQ. B.'s square (discov. 7. B. interposes.
check)
8. K.B. to Q. B.'s fourth (discov.
check) (mate).
No. 41.
White. Black.
1. K. B. to Q. Kt.'s fifth (discov. 1. K. to Q. Kt.'s eighth
check.)
2. K. B. to his square (discov. 2. Q. to Q. Kt.'s second
check)
3. Q. to Q. R.'s second (check) 3. K. to B.'s eighth
4. R. to Q. B.'s sixth (check) 4. Q. takes R.
5. Q. B. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 5. Q. takes Q.'s B.
6. Q. to her second (check) 6. Q. takes Q. giving check
mate).
No. 42.
White. Black.
]. Kt. to K. B.'s second 1. K. to R.'s fourth (hest)
2. Kt. from B.'s second, to Kt.'s 2. K. to R.'s fifth
fourth
3. K. to his Kt.'s sixth 3. K. to his Kt.'s sixth
4. K. to Kt.'s fifth 4. K. to Kt.'s seventh
5. K. to B.'s fourth 5. K. to R.'s eighth (best)
6. K. to B.'s third 6. K. to Kt.'s eighth
7. K. to Kt.'s third 7. K. to R.'s eighth
8. Kt. from R.'s second, to K. 8. P. one
B.'s third
9. Kt. to K. B.'s second (check)
(mate).
AND CUES* PLAYER'* CHRONICLE. 413
No. 43.
White. Black.
1. Q. Kt.'s P. two 1. P. takes Kt.
2. Kt.'s P. one (check) 2. K. to Q. R.'s fourth
3. Q. R.'s P. one 3. Q. R.'s P. one
4. Kt.'s P. one 4. Q. B.'s P. takes P.
5. Q.'s P. one 5. P. one
6. K. to Q. B.'s fifth 6. P. one
7. R.'s P. takes P. (check) (mate).
No. 44.
Black. White.
1. K. takes P. (discov. check) 1. K. to R.'s second (best)
2. K. to Q. Kt.'s fifth 2. K. to R.'s square
3. K. to Kt.'s sixth 3. P. takes P.
4. K. to B.'s fifth 4. P. takes P.
5. K. to Q.'s fourth 5. P. takes P.
6. K. to K.'s fifth K. to Kt.'s square
7. K. takes P. (discov. check) K. to R.'s square
8. K. to Q.'s fourth (discov. ch.)
(mate).
No. 45.
White. Black.
1. K. to his fifth 1. K. to his Kt.'s square
2. Q. to her eighth (check) 2. K. to B.'s second
3. P. to K. R.'s fifth 3. P. takes P.
4. Q. to K. B.'s eighth (check) 4. K. to Kt.'s third
5. Q. to K. B.'s fourth 5. P. one
6. Q. to K. B.'s fifth (check) 6. K. to R.'s fourth
7. K. Kt.'s P. one (discov. check) 7. K. takes R.'s P.
8. B. to Q.'s second (check) 8. K. to Kt.'s second
9. Q. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 9. K. to R.'s square
10. K. Kt.'s P. one (check) (mate).
No. 46.
White. Black.
1. R. to Q.'s fifth (check) Kt. takes R.
2. Q. to Q. B.'s sixth (check) K. takes Kt. (best)
3. Kt. to K. B.'s third (check) K. takes K.'s P.
4. Q. to Q. B.'s second (check) 4. K. takes Kt.
5. Q. to K. Kt.'s second (check)
(mate).
No. 47
White. Black.
1. Q. to K. R.'s sixth (check) 1. K. to Kt.'s fifth
2. K. R.'s P. one (check) 2. K. to B.'s fourth
414 THE BRITISH MISCELLANY,
White. Black.
3. Q. to K. B.'i sixth (check) 3. K. to his fifth
4. Kt. to Q. B.'s third (check) 4. K. to his sixth
5. Q. to Q. Kt.'e sixth (check) 5. K. to Q.'s seventh
6. Q. to her fourth (check) 6. K. to his eighth
7. Q. to K. Kt.'g square (check 7. K. to Q.'s second
8. Q. to Q. B.'s square (check)
(MATE).
Notes to Solutions.
(a) Since the publication of this Problem, it has been found that by
playing the Black King at move five, to his own square, mate may be
postponed beyond the given number of moves.
(b) The reader will please to bear in mind, that throughout these solu
tions, wherever a move is given to the defending side, as "best," it
implies that any other mode of play would tend to accelerate checkmate.
(c) When there is a choice of moves open to the second or defensive
side, and the move set down in the solution is not specified as " best," it
is to be understood as indifferent which move is made.
(d) Should Black retire his King to the R.'s square, mate may be given
as follows :—
White. Black.
1. Kt. to R.'s fifth (check) 1. K. to his R.'s square
2. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh (check) 2. K. to Kt.'s square
3. Kt. to K. R.'g sixth (double 3. K. to R.'s square
check)
4. Q. to K. Kt.'g eighth (check) 4. R. or Kt. takes Q.
5. Kt. to K. B.'s seventh (check)
(mate).
(e) If, instead of a Bishop, White were to claim a Queen for his Pawn,
Black would draw the game : ex. gr.
White. Black.
K. Kt.'s P. takes P B. takes K.'s P.
P. to K. R.'g eighth (becoming a Queen) - Kt. to Q.'s fifth
White must now move the Q., the B., or a Pawn in any case ; Black,
by checking with the Kt. at K. B.'s seventh, and then with the Bishop
at Queen's fifth, compels his adversary to stalemate him.
(/) If the Pawn be moved only one square, mate can be effectedin four
moves ; and if the King be played instead of the Pawn, White plays as
above.
AND CHESS PLAYER'S CHRONICLE. 415
INDEX.
END OF VOl. I.