By : Sonal Khanduja

 An elevator can be defined as an electric lift which is used

as vertical transportation of goods as well as people among
the floors in buildings using bins otherwise silos. As usual,
these are activated with the electrical motors that also to
drive counterweight system cables for drive transaction such
as a hoist, otherwise, pump hydraulic fluid for raising a
cylindrical piston such as a jack.
 These are used in many areas like agriculture,
manufacturing, etc. Elevators are classified into different
types based on our requirement. Elevators are frequently
used in the latest multistory constructions, in particular
wherever ramps of wheelchair would be not practical.
 The working principle of an elevator or lift is similar to the pulley
system. A pulley system is used to draw the water from the well.
This pulley system can be designed with a bucket, a rope with a
wheel. A bucket is connected to a rope that passes throughout a
wheel. This can make it very easy to draw the water from the well.
Similarly, present elevators use the same concept. But the main
difference between these two are; pulley systems are operated
manually whereas an elevator uses sophisticated mechanisms for
handling the elevator’s load.
 Basically, an elevator is a metal box in different shapes which is
connected to a very tough metal rope. The tough metal rope
passes through a sheave on the elevator in the engine room. Here
a sheave is like a wheel in pulley system for clutching the metal
rope strongly. This system can be operated by a motor. When the
switch is turned ON, the motor can be activated when the elevator
goes up and down or stops.
 speed controlling system,
 electric motor,
 rails, cabin,
 shaft,
 doors (manual and automatic),
 drive unit,
 buffers,
 safety device.
 building lift,
 capsule lift,
 hydraulic elevator,
 pneumatic elevator,
 passenger lift,
 freight elevator,
 traction elevator/cable driven,
 residential elevators,
 machine room-less elevator
 A hydraulic elevator is power-driven by a piston that
moves within a cylinder. The piston movement can be
done by pumping hydraulic oil to the cylinder. The piston
lifts the lift cab easily, and the oil can be controlled by an
electrical valve.
 The applications of hydraulic elevators involve in five to
six-floor buildings. The operating of these elevators can be
done at speeds up to 200 ft or 61 meters for each minute.
All the current hydraulic pumps are designed with a
mechanical Y-delta starter otherwise solid state
contractor. For the power supply of motor as well as
building, solid-state starters are superior. Because the
windings stay longer as well as there is no voltage drop
across the building power supply.
 In Y-delta type starter, the motor can be
activated by using two contractors on a
decreased speed, after that continues with full
speed. Older hydraulic elevators now started up
suddenly, transmitting mains power at full-blast
right into the electric motor. This sets a lot of
damage on the motor, which will make it burn
out quicker than motors on Solid-State or Y-
Delta Contactor starters. The hydraulic
elevators are classified into four types such as
holed, hole less & roped elevators
 The pneumatic elevator can be designed with an external cylinder,
and the cylinder is a crystal clear self-supporting cylinder. This
cylinder includes modular sections to fit effortlessly into one by
one. The top of this tube is designed with steel material that
ensures tight air shutting by suction valves as well as inlets. A lift
car runs within the cylinder, & the head unit on the top cylinder
surface consists of valves, controllers, and turbines for controlling
the elevator movements.
 Pneumatic elevators are very easy to fit, operate as well as
maintain when compared with the traditional elevators. These are
used in existing homes because of their solid design. The main
benefits of using these elevators include solid design & smooth,
speed and flexibility, energy efficient and very safe.
 The traction elevator or cable driven elevators
are the most popular elevators. It consists of
steel cables as well as hoisting ropes that run
above a pulley which is connected to the motor.
This is geared otherwise gearless-traction type
elevator. In this kind of elevator, several wire and
hoisting cables are connected to the surface of
an elevator car with covering around it on
sheaves at one end & the other side is connected
to a counterweight that travels up & down on its
guide rails.
 Capsule lift or Elevators are used in prestigious
buildings, which can be called as decoration of a
building because they improve the building’s beauty as
well as carries life into it.
 The main features of this elevators mainly include
design, and travel comfort is best. The interior design of
these lifts is attractive with a large glass panel for
viewing. The ultramodern design of these lifts offers a
cosmic zone travel experience for the passengers. These
lifts are consistent and inexpensive with the least
maintenance
 A building lift is a vertical transportation among
the floors of the building. These are frequently
used in public buildings, complexes, offices, and
multistory building. These lifts are important in
providing vertical movement, mostly in high
buildings, for a wheelchair as well as other non-
ambulant building customers. Some type of lifts
also is applicable for emigration & firefighting
purposes.

 This type of lift has entirely included a lift car that moves
vertically in a specially equipped lift shaft. Passengers are
traveled between the floors in the building at quick speed.
 The control systems in the lift frequently designed to offer
the most economical sharing of passengers all over the
building. These lifts are very space efficient which are used
in existing buildings where space is at a best.
 The main advantages of using passenger lift give a very
comfort traveling among different floors, particularly
space efficient, fully fixed shaft, small construction works,
and no level loadings on the building.
 In the world of elevators, these lifts are workhorses. These
are very useful for transporting materials, goods in
warehouses, manufacturing industries, shopping malls,
seaports, etc. This type of elevator is separated into
classes, to describe their load capacity as well as
application. These lifts are strong in nature, and they are
specially manufactured by engineers.
 The features of this elevator include: the range of loading
capacity is from 2500 lbs to 10000 lbs, height of the travel
up to 50fts. The benefits of these elevators include; these
elevators are designed for commercial as well as industrial
applications. The flexible design to hold the application,
door designs can be changed, eco-friendly, etc.
 Residential elevators provide stylish options to
the platform as well as stair lifts. These lifts can
be effortlessly incorporated in any available
home, otherwise incorporated in edifice plans
for latest homes. These types of elevators are
available in different styles, and these can be
installed in your home walls, otherwise included
effortlessly to improve your home’s decoration.
The main benefits of residential elevators are;
they can move you securely among floors even
during a power failure. Quick installation and
offers you an effortless life.