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NEURAL AND SOCIAL NETWORKS

   

     Neural networks (also referred to as connectionist systems) are a computational


approach, which is based on a large collection of neural units (AKA artificial neurons),
loosely modeling the way a biological brain solves problems with large clusters of
biological neurons connected by axons. Each neural unit is connected with many others,
and links can be enforcing or inhibitory in their effect on the activation state of
connected neural units. Each individual neural unit may have a summation function
which combines the values of all its inputs together. There may be a threshold function
or limiting function on each connection and on the unit itself: such that the signal must
surpass the limit before propagating to other neurons. These systems are self-learning
and trained, rather than explicitly programmed, and excel in areas where the solution
or feature detection is difficult to express in a traditional computer program.
     Neural networks typically consist of multiple layers or a cube design, and the signal path
traverses from front to back. Back propagation is where the forward stimulation is used to
reset weights on the "front" neural units and this is sometimes done in combination with
training where the correct result is known. More modern networks are a bit more free flowing
in terms of stimulation and inhibition with connections interacting in a much more chaotic
and complex fashion. Dynamic neural networks are the most advanced- in that they
dynamically can, based on rules, form new connections and even new neural units while
disabling others.
     The goal of the neural network is to solve problems in the same way that the human brain
would, although several neural networks are more abstract. Modern neural network projects
typically work with a few thousand to a few million neural units and millions of connections,
which is still several orders of magnitude less complex than the human brain and closer to
the computing power of a worm.

SOCIAL NETWORKS
  
      A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as
individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between
actors. The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure
of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in
these structures. The study of these structures uses social network analysis to identify local
and global patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network dynamics.
Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field
which emerged from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. Georg
Simmel authored early structural theories in sociology emphasizing the dynamics of triads
and "web of group affiliations". Jacob Moreno is credited with developing the
first sociograms in the 1930s to study interpersonal relationships. These approaches were
mathematically formalized in the 1950s and theories and methods of social networks became
pervasive in the social and behavioral sciences by the 1980s. Social network analysis is now
one of the major paradigms in contemporary sociology, and is also employed in a number of
other social and formal sciences. Together with other complex networks, it forms part of the
nascent field of network science.
Posted by Darren Mabagos at 10:48 PM 
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8 comments:

1.

nencyApril 20, 2019 at 3:40 AM

It is a great website.. The Design looks very good.. Ke


neural network is a network or circuit of biological neurons, or, in a modern sense, an artificial
neural network, composed of artificial neurons or nodes.[1] Thus, a neural network is either
a biological neural network, made up of biological neurons, or an artificial neural network, used for

solving artificial intelligence (AI) problems.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 BUSINESS  
 MARKETING ESSENTIALS

What Is Social Networking?


By 

WILL KENTON

Updated September 15, 2022

Reviewed by 
JULIUS MANSA

Fact checked by 

AMANDA JACKSON
Investopdia / Julie Bang

What Is Social Networking?


The term social networking refers to the use of internet-based social media sites to stay
connected with friends, family, colleagues, or customers. Social networking can have a social
purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and
Pinterest.

Social networking is also a significant opportunity for marketers seeking to engage customers.
Facebook remains the largest and most popular social network, with 2.91 billion people using the
platform on a monthly basis, as of Dec. 31, 2021.1 Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest are among
the next most popular, according to Statista.2

KEY TAKEAWAYS

 Social networking is the use of internet-based social media platforms to get and stay connected
with friends, family, or peers.
 Three of the most popular social networking sites in the U.S. include Facebook, Instagram, and
Twitter.
 Marketers use social networking to increase brand recognition and encourage brand loyalty.
 Social media can help connect people with businesses for various needs.
 There are disadvantages related to social media, including the spread of misinformation,
concerns posed by user anonymity, and the high cost of using and maintaining social network
profiles.
How Social Networking Works
Social networking involves the development and maintenance of personal and business
relationships using technology. This is done through the use of social networking sites, such
as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

These sites allow people and corporations to connect with one another so they can develop
relationships and share information, ideas, and messages.

For Family and Friends

Family members and friends can reconnect and remain connected through personal social
networking sites like Facebook. They can share photos and status updates on everyday or
important events in their lives. People can also connect with unknown individuals who share the
same interests, goals, or experiences. Individuals can find each other through groups, lists, and
the use of hashtags.

For Marketers

Social networking is commonly used by marketers to increase brand recognition and encourage


brand loyalty. Social media marketing helps promote a brand’s voice and content. It can help
make a company more accessible to new customers and more prominent for existing ones,

For example, a frequent Twitter user may learn about a company for the first time through a
news feed and decide to buy a product or service. The more exposed people are to a company’s
brand, the greater the company's chances of finding and retaining new customers.
Marketers use social networking to improve conversion rates. Building a following provides
access to and interaction with new, recent, and longtime customers. Sharing blog posts, images,
videos, or comments on social media allows followers to react and engage, visit a company’s
website, and become customers

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