Three Phase Induction Motor Experiment
Three Phase Induction Motor Experiment
Three Phase Induction Motor Experiment
Outline
Instructions:
- By the end of each experiment, report should be submitted individually by each student to
the lab’s instructor
- The experiments require at least three sessions of 2 hours each to be completed
EMU
Title InductionMotor
Designed by Assist. Ahmad AL Ahmad
M M M
Electric 1 3 Mechanical
3) Define the 4 parameters given on the name plate of three phase induction motor and fill them in
table 1.
4) What is the relation between angular speed, Torque and ouput mechanical power.
6) According to the equivalent circuit diagram of three phase induction motor given in Fig.4 (a) and
Fig.4. (b). Study the equivalent circuit and Define every parameter in table 2.
(b)
Fig.4. Equivalent circuit diagram of three phase induction motor
Table 2: The components of equivalent circuit diagram of the three phase induction motor
Parameters Definitions
and values
V1
E1
E2
Is
I2
I’2
I0
R1
R2
RC
X1
X2
X’2
Xm
s
10. What is the relation between synchronous speed, frequency, and number of poles?
11. What is the relation between synchronous speed, motor speed and motor slip?
13. Are asynchronous motors more applicable than synchronous motors? If yes, Why?
14. Compare the equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor to that of the transformer
16. What are the required Devices in your lab to test the three phase induction motor
DC Generator Voltmeter
V
DC Supply Field
Lf Display
A B
E Armature
Objective:
To measure the value of the stator resistance of 3-phase IM.
Theory:
Basically, a DC voltage is applied to the stator windings of a 3-phase IM. Because the current is DC, there
is no induced voltage in the rotor circuit and no resulting rotor current. Also, the reactance of the motor is
zero at direct current. Therefore, the only quantity limiting current now in the motor is the stator resistance,
and that resistance can be determined. The basic circuit for the DC test is shown in Figure 1. This figure
shows a DC power supply connected to two of the three terminals of a -connected 3-phase IM.
The measured value of resistance of 3-phase IM should be multiplied by a factor (Skin effect)
ranging from (1.05-1.25) in order to convert its value from DC value to AC value. The skin effect factor
depend on the temperature of motor before test (𝑡𝑠 ) and the temperature of motor at the moment of DC test
(𝑡𝑡 ).
𝑡𝑠 + 𝑘
𝑆𝑘𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 =
𝑡𝑡 + 𝑘
Procedure:
After applying DC voltage to the terminals of the stator winding and taking the reading of the voltage and
the current, the relationship between them should be plotted, then the DC resistance can be determined as
follows:
Vdc V2 V1
Rdc
I dc I 2 I1
Rdc
R1dc perphase for Y connection
2
R 3
R1dc dc perphase for connection
2
where R1, AC is the AC value of the stator resistance per phase of three phase induction motor
Report:
Theory:
The no load test is similar to the open circuit test on a transformer. It is performed to obtain the magnetizing
branch parameters (shunt parameters) in the induction machine equivalent circuit. In this test, the motor is
allowed to run with no-load at the rated voltage of rated frequency across its terminals.
Machine will rotate at almost synchronous speed, which makes slip nearly equal to zero. This causes the
equivalent rotor impedance to be very large (theoretically infinite neglecting the frictional and rotational
losses). Therefore, the rotor equivalent impedance can be considered to be an open circuit which reduces
the equivalent circuit diagram of the induction machine Fig. 1 (a) to the circuit as shown in Fig. 1 (d).
Hence, the data obtained from this test will give information on the stator and the magnetizing branch.
Io Io
(a) (b)
Io R1+R2' j(X1+X2') Io
Io Io
Vph Ic Im Vph Ic Im
Rc jXm Rc jXm
(c) (d)
Fig.1. Development of equivalent circuit of induction motor in open circuit test
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the connection diagram in Figure 2.
Table 1: The measured parameters during open circuit test of the induction motor
Parameter Measurement
Value
VLL
IL
P1
P2
Pinput
Discussion:
1. Calculate the machine parameters that is can be obtained from No-Load test.
2. What is the power factor of the machine? Comment on its value.
3. Comment on the slip of the machine when operated at rated voltage.
4. How to obtain the no-load input power to an induction motor when two-wattmeter method of
measuring power used?
5. What is the nameplate reading on the machine? What inferences can be drawn from it?
6. What are the different losses that are present in an induction machine?
7. Which loss in the machine is significant in no load test and why
Theory:
For this test, the motor shaft is clamped so that it cannot turn. The motor terminals are connected to a 3-
phase supply. The rotor becomes the secondary of a transformer operating at the supply frequency. So, the
blocked rotor test is similar to the short circuit test on a transformer. It is performed to calculate the series
parameters of the induction machine i.e., its leakage impedances. The rotor is blocked to prevent rotation
and balanced voltages are applied to the stator terminals where the rated current is achieved. Under the
reduced voltage condition and rated current, core loss and magnetizing component of the current are quite
small percent of the total current, equivalent circuit reduces to the form shown in Fig. (1).
+
Isc
Vph
The slip for the blocked rotor test is unity since the rotor is stationary. The resulting speed-dependent
equivalent resistance r2’{(1/s)-1} goes to zero and the resistance of the rotor branch of the equivalent circuit
becomes very small. Thus, the rotor current is much larger than current in the excitation branch of the circuit
such that the excitation branch can be neglected. Voltage and power are measured at the motor input.
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the connection diagram in Figure 2.
2. Before starting, ensure that the shaft is blocked completely from rotating.
3. Increase the voltage to the machine such that it draws rated current.
4. Note the readings of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter by carefully and fill them in table 1
Parameter Measurement
Value
VLL
IL
P1
P2
Pinput
5. Take the readings quickly so that the machine does not heat up due to full load copper losses
taking place at this condition.
6. Reduce the voltage to zero and turn the main switch off.
Discussion:
Aim:
(a) Perform load test on 3-phase induction motor.
(b) Compute Torque, Output power, Input power, Efficiency, Input power factor and Slip for every load
setting and to determine how speed, efficiency, power factor, stator current torque, and slip of an induction
motor vary with load.
(c) Plot the following performance curves: (i) Efficiency Vs. Output power, (ii) Torque Vs. Output power,
(iii) Line current Vs. Output power, (iv) Power factor Vs. Output, (v) Slip Vs. Output power, and (vi)
Torque Vs. Speed
Theory:
The load test on induction motor is performed to compute its complete performance i.e. torque, slip,
efficiency, power factor etc. During this test, the motor is operated at rated voltage and frequency and
normally loaded with resistive load after coupling with DC permanent magnet generator, the performance
can be calculated, following the steps given below.
1) Slip (s)
The speed of rotor (Nr) droops slightly as the load on the motor is increased. The synchronous speed
(Ns) of the rotating magnetic field is calculated, based on the number of poles, P and the supply
frequency (f).
120 f
Ns in rpm
p
Ns Nr
s
Ns
Normally, the range of slip at full load is from 2 to 5 percent.
2) Torque (Tm)
The torque of the motor depends on the load. The induction motor is coupled to DC permanent
generator which is connected to a resistive load and a meter.
The meter has the ability to measure the output torque, rotor speed and output mechanical power.
In this case, the torque will be measured by this type of meters.
3) Output Power (Pout)
The output power in watts developed by the motor is given:
Output power = Torque x Speed
The rotor speed (motor speed) can be measured also using the same meter that measured the output
power and torque.
Where Pin is the total input power of the induction motor. P1 and P2 are the measured values of
two wattmeter’s’.
6) Power factor (cosΦ)
The power factor of induction motors varies with load, typically from around 0.85 or 0.90 at full
load to as low as about 0.20 at no-load, due to stator and rotor leakage and magnetizing reactance’s.
The input power factor of induction motor can be determined as follows:
Pin 3 Vline Iline cos( )
Pin
cos( )
3 Vline Iline
7) Efficiency:
Percentage efficiency of the motor is
Pout
% 100
Pin
Full load efficiency of 3 phase induction motor lies in the range of 72 % (for small motors) to 82 %
(for very large motors).
Small permanent magnet with a coil wound around it. This magnetic pick up is placed near a
metallic toothed rotor as shown in Figure 1
As the shaft rotates, teeth passes by pick up & change magnetic flux Inductive voltage generates &
disappears.
Frequency of pulses depends on no. of teeth & rpm of shaft.
No. of teeth is known & RPM can be found
Speed N = Pulse per minute / No. of teeth rpm
Fig. 2: Schematic diagram for load test on Three Phase Induction Motor
2- Switch-on 3 phase AC mains and start the motor at reduced applied voltage.
4- Take-down the readings of all the meters and the speed under no load running in table (1).
5- Increase the load on the motor gradually using the variables resistive load
6- Record the readings of all the meters at every setting of the load in table (1).
7- Observation may be continued upto the full load current rating of the motor.
1. Torque vs speed
Load
Set 0 Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5 Set 6 Set 7 Set 8
settings
ILine (A)
VLine-Line
(v)
Measured values at each setting of the resistive load
P1 (watt)
P2(watt)
ILoad(A)
VLoad (v)
Tm
(mN.m)
Nr
(rev/min)
Pout (watt)
Slip s
Calculated values
Pin(watt)
Cos(Φ)
%η
Objective: This test is performed to study the power flow and performance of the three phase induction
motor.
Theory: for this test, the three phase induction motor IM is full loaded (full load test), that’s when the input
current of the loaded three phase IM equals the rated input current given on its name plate. At the end of
the full load test, many parameters which determines the performance of the induction motor is to be
calculated.
Procedure:
Fig. 1: Schematic diagram for load test on Three Phase Induction Motor
1- Switch-on 3 phase AC mains and start the motor at reduced applied voltage.
3- Increase the load on the motor gradually using the variable resistive load until the input current of
the three phase IM equals its rated current given on its name plate. In this case, the full load test is
achieved.
Calculations:
Using table1, equivalent circuit in figure 1, power flow diagram in figure 2 and the per phase values of
resistances and reactance’s of the three phase IM that are calculated in the previous tests, find the
following parameters in the purpose of studying the performance and the power flow of the three phase
induction motor:
1. Find the synchronous speed Ns, motor slip S and slip speed ns of the three phase IM given that the
motor has four poles fixed at the stator.
2. Find the frequency of the rotor
3. Find the input power factor of the three phase induction motor
4. Find I1, I0 and I2’ using equivalent circuit in Figure 1 (use current divider for I0 and I2’).
Io
Vph Ic Im R2'*((1-s)/s)
Rc jXm
14. Find the starting current Ist and starting torque Tst
15. Using thevenin’s theorem, find maximum slip Smax and maximum torque Tmax
16. State the values of the slip S in three cases:
- Min value of s (No load)
- Max value of s (at maximum torque)
- Value of slip at full load
17. Draw the Torque-speed characteristic by your hand showing the values of speed, slip and torque
(min, max, starting and the values at full load).