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    Antimony, Sb3

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    Ramiris Tempest
    Antimony exists in two common oxidation states, +3 and +5, with +3 being more stable. Sb3+ forms white precipitates with aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Under acidic conditions, hydrogen sulfide precipitates red Sb2S3. Sb3+ is also reduced to metallic antimony when reacted with aluminum or iron in HCl.

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    Antimony, Sb3

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    Ramiris Tempest
    22 views1 page
    Antimony exists in two common oxidation states, +3 and +5, with +3 being more stable. Sb3+ forms white precipitates with aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Under acidic conditions, hydrogen sulfide precipitates red Sb2S3. Sb3+ is also reduced to metallic antimony when reacted with aluminum or iron in HCl.

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    Antimony exists in two common oxidation states, +3 and +5, with +3 being more stable. Sb3+ forms white precipitates with aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Under acidic conditions, hydrogen sulfide precipitates red Sb2S3. Sb3+ is also reduced to metallic antimony when reacted with aluminum or iron in HCl.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views1 page

    Antimony, Sb3

    Uploaded by

    Ramiris Tempest
    Antimony exists in two common oxidation states, +3 and +5, with +3 being more stable. Sb3+ forms white precipitates with aqueous ammonia and sodium hydroxide. Under acidic conditions, hydrogen sulfide precipitates red Sb2S3. Sb3+ is also reduced to metallic antimony when reacted with aluminum or iron in HCl.

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    of 1

    Characteristic Reactions of Antimony Ions (Sb³⁺)

    Most common oxidation states: +3, +5


    M.P. 630º
    B.P. 1380º
    Density 6.69 g/cm3
    Characteristics: Antimony is brittle and silvery. Not very active, but reacts with oxygen, sulfur and chlorine at high
    temperatures.
    Characteristic reactions of Sb : (Sb(III) is the more stable oxidation state.)
    3 +

    Chloride Ion:
    No reaction observable, but will be present as SbCl . 4

    Aqueous Ammonia:
    Sb(III) reacts with aqueous ammonia to precipitate white Sb(OH) . 3

    3 + +
    Sb (aq) + 3 NH (aq) + 3 H O(l) −
    ↽⇀
    − Sb(OH) (s) + 3 NH (aq) (1)
    3 2 3 4

    Sodium Hydroxide
    Sodium hydroxide also precipitates Sb(OH) , which is amphoteric and dissolves in an excess of hydroxide and in acids.
    3

    3 + −
    Sb (aq) + 3 OH (aq) −
    ↽⇀
    − Sb(OH) (s) (2)
    3

    − −
    Sb(OH) (s) + OH (aq) −
    ↽⇀
    − Sb(OH) (aq) (3)
    3 4

    + 3 +
    Sb(OH) (s) + 3 H (aq) −
    ↽⇀
    − Sb (aq) + 3 H O(l) (4)
    3 2

    Hydrogen Sulfide
    Under moderately acidic conditions, H 2
    S precipitates red Sb 2
    S
    3
    .
    +
    2 SbCl (aq) + 3 H S(aq) −
    ↽⇀
    − Sb S (s) + 6 H (aq) + 8 Cl (aq) (5)
    4 2 2 3

    This sulfide is soluble in solutions of hot NaOH which contain excess sulfide ion and in hot, concentrated (12 M) HCl.
    −
    Sb S (s) + 3 S (aq) −
    ↽⇀
    − 2 SbS (aq) (6)
    2 3 2 33

    + − 2 −
    Sb S (s) + 6 H (aq) + 8 Cl (aq) −
    ↽⇀
    − 2 SbCl (aq) + 3 H S(aq) (7)
    2 3 4 2

    Water
    Solutions of antimony(III) chloride in HCl react when added to excess water to form the basic, white, insoluble salt SbOCl.
    − + −
    SbCl (aq) + H O(l) −
    ↽⇀
    − SbOCl(s) + 2 H (aq) + 3 Cl (aq) (8)
    4 2

    Reducing Agents
    In the presence of HCl, either aluminum or iron will reduce Sb 3 +
    to Sb metal, which will be deposited as black particles.
    − 3 + −
    SbCl (aq) + Al(s) −
    ↽⇀
    − Sb(s) + Al (aq) + 4 Cl (aq) (9)
    4

    No Reaction
    2 −
    SO
    4

    This page titled Characteristic Reactions of Antimony Ions (Sb³⁺) is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or
    curated by James P. Birk.

    1 https://chem.libretexts.org/@go/page/97261

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