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Purok Waling-waling, Arellano Street, Zone II, Koronadal City

ECONOMY IN LAKE SEBU SOUTH COTABATO

Final Requirement

Presented in

Economic Development Subject

By

Jaco, Kristen

Narvaza, John

Suaybaguio, Jade Mark

Unos, Arlyn Mae

May 2021
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History of Lake Sebu

LakeSebu is the Home of the T’boli Tribe dubbed as the Summer Capital of Southern Philippines. Lake

Sebu is located at the southwestern part of the Province of South Cotabato. It is approximately 40 kilometers

away from Koronadal City, the capital town of the Province of South Cotabato. It isbounded on the North by the

Municipality of Surallah, on the southwest by the Municipalities of Kiamba and Maitum in the east by the

Municipality of T’boli and in the west by Palimbang of the Province of Sultan Kudarat. It is located at 6’10’N

Latitude and 124’44’ Longitude. Lake Sebu is an Indigenous Cultural Community. It is a T’boli home land. After

27 years of corporate existence as a Municipal Government, its progress is remarkable. This progress can be

attributed to the harmonious and united constituents to a common vision towards Ecology, Culture and Tourism.

The Place is a beautiful inland sea on the island of Mindanao and is nested into the southern highlands at an

altitude of almost 300 meters (984 feet). Lake Sebu is surrounded by rolling hills and forested mountains and is

home to the T’boli, a highland tribe famous for their colorful costumes, intricate beadwork, woven work and brass

ornaments. Lake Sebu got its name from the biggest of the three lakes. The placid lake of Lake Sebu measures

354 hectares. The two other lakes are smaller; Lake Seloton is only 48 hectares while Lake Lahit is 24 hectares.

Furthermore, aside from T’bolis, Lake Sebu is also home of the Tasadays, the cave-dwelling and primitive, stone-

age tribe that lived in isolation in high caves of the primary rain forest area. The Department of Environment and

Natural Resources have recognized the claim of both tribes that the lake and its surroundings are under their

ancestral domain.

Lake Sebu or Lanaw Sbù, sbu in Tboli, Linaw ng Sëbu, səˈbu in Hiligaynon and Lawa ng Sëbu sa tagalog

is a natural lake located in the municipality of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato within the Alah Valley region. The

Philippine government has recognized it as one of the country's most important watersheds. Lake Sebu is one of

the many bodies of water supplying important irrigation to the provinces of Sultan Kudarat and South Cotabato.

The T'boli and Ubo tribes have been the traditional dwellers of the lake. The Department of Environment and

Natural Resources has recognized, through Department Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2, Series of 1993, the

claim of these tribes that the lake and its surroundings are under their ancestral domain. Lake Sebu is one of the

Philippines’ most important watersheds and a major provider of irrigation to the provinces of Sultan Kudarat and
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South Cotabato. It is located in the ancestral domain of the T'boli and Ubo tribes. The DOT has promoted the lake

as one of the prime eco-tourism destinations in Mindanao. The Place is said to have a long history of classical

pasts and sixty years of pioneering immigrants, who faced undauntedly the challenges of nature and the vagaries

of politics. Lake Sebu is inhabited by the Tagabili tribes and other ethnic groups who migrated to this part of

Mindanao perhaps even before the birth of Christ. They were believed to be of pure Malayan stock. These

Malayan pioneer led an isolated and peaceful existence. They remain isolated for centuries. When

Mohammedanism reach Mindanao, only Malayan in the lower valleys where converted into Islam Religion. The

Tagabili or T’boli as often called were not affected. Not even with the coming of Spaniards in the 15th and 17th

century nor the American in the early 20th Century. This was largely because of geographical barriers and

inadequate communication, infrastructure systems, Lake Sebu manage to remain autonomous throughout

centuries. Then came a significant trust, under the administration of the Late President Manuel L. Quezon.

Mindanao being the Land of Promise has been a site for settlement projects for people in Central and Northern

Philippines. The first wave of settlers had come led by Gen. Paulino Santos, that was 1938. It was in the 40’s

when settlers set foot on these Indigenous Cultural Communities. From February 1938 to October 1950, 8, 300

families were resettled by the National Land Settlement Agency (NSLA). These migrations adversely affected the

T’boli. In the wakeof home steaders came commercial ranching, mining and logging interests. Armed with land

grants and timeber licenses, these entities increasingly enchroached upon the T’boli homelands and

disenfranchised those who had resided on the land since time immemorial. By not having access to the

instruments of ownership recognized by the Philippines Government, the T’bolis did not obtain legal protection

from the former (CCP Encyclopedia 1994).

The upland of LakeSebu was dominantly inhabited by T’bolis and they called the place S’bu (until now).

Swa system or barter was already a long practice by the people as the means of acquiring goods and services.

The T’boli lived a happy, peaceful and abundant life. There were plenty of foods for their needs due to the land,

which is still spacious and fertile, suited for agriculture and domestication. Datu Baay Seng, Tamfungan Dulay

And Datu Sugan were recognized tribal leaders by the Local Government of Buluan in this place. Nevertheless,

when LakeSebu was placed under the one of the political geographical units of Banga, Mr. Samuel Undan was

recognized as a leader holding a position of Barrio Lieutenant Datu Balicucos Abdul, a Muslim from Kiamba who
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married a T’boli lady was appointed head of the Barangay by Mayor Improgo of Banga in 1956 and 1957. Mr.

Morito Dumaup(1962-1970); Mr. Juanito Aguilar (1970-1982) and Mr. Antonio Estares in 1982 with three T’boli

Councilmen and 3 Visayan Councilmen composing a total of six members of the barangay council. Barangay

Lake Sebu was created and declared a municipality last November 11, 1982, and then, a plebiscite in October 15,

1983 which is one year after the passage of Batas Pambansa Bldg. 249- an act of creating LakeSebu into a new

municipality of the Province of South Cotabato. The said act was sponsored by Hon. Assemblyman Jose T. Sison

Sr. and was approved on November 11, 1982.

Lake Sebu is a landlocked municipality in the coastal province of South Cotabato. The municipality has a

land area of 702.00 square kilometers or 271.04 square miles which constitutes 17.84% of South Cotabato's total

area. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 87,442. This represented 9.55% of the total

population of South Cotabato province, or 1.92% of the overall population of the SOCCSKSARGEN region. Based

on these figures, the population density is computed at 125 inhabitants per square kilometer or 323 inhabitants

per square mile. The municipality of Lake Sebu was declared as protected area and ancestral domain of the T'boli

and Ubo indigenous cultural communities

There’s a local myth on how Lake Sebu came to be. A time ago, a local princess had a dream of coming to

the mountain lands of Sebu. The princess saw a big leaf. When she opened it up a white frog leaped out along

with a gush of water which flooded the land and became the lake. From the heavens she threw here pythons to

the earth which formed the islands at the lake. And in order for the princess to pass by the lake, her brother parted

the islands. The name “Sebu” actually came from the T’boli word for lake or leaf.

Barangays

Lake Sebu have 19 Barangays as shown In the following,

1. Bacdulong 4. Hanoon 7. Lamcade

2. Denlag 5. Klubi 8. Lamdalag

3. Halilan 6. Lake Lahit 9. Lamfugon

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10. Lamlahak 14. Poblacion 18. Tasiman

11. Lower Maculan 15. Siluton 19. Upper Maculan

12. Luhib 16. Takunel

13. Ned 17. Talisay

Climate

Lake Sebu is 674m above sea level. The climate here is tropical. In Lake Sebu there is a lot of rain even in

the driest month. This climate is considered to be Af according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The

temperature here averages 21.8 °C | 71.3 °F. In a year, the rainfall is 2612 mm | 102.8 inch
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Lake Sebu Climate Graph // Weather By Month

The driest month is February, with 166 mm | 6.5 inch of rain. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in May,

with an average of 287 mm | 11.3 inch.

LAKE SEBU AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

April is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in April averages 22.5 °C | 72.5 °F. The lowest average

temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 21.5 °C | 70.7 °F.
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Climate data for Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
27 27 27 27 26 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26
Average high °C (°F)
(81) (81) (81) (81) (79) (77) (77) (77) (79) (79) (79) (79) (79)
19 19 20 20 21 21 20 20 20 21 20 20 20
Average low °C (°F)
(66) (66) (68) (68) (70) (70) (68) (68) (68) (70) (68) (68) (68)
146 121 164 212 347 397 364 366 302 308 280 192 3,199
Average precipitation m
(5.7 (4.8 (6.5 (8.3 (13.7 (15.6 (14.3 (14.4 (11.9 (12.1 (11.0 (7.6 (125.9
m (inches)
) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
16. 15. 19. 22. 22.
Average rainy days 29.0 28.9 27.9 27.5 26.5 28.1 27.2 292
7 5 4 7 6
Source: Meteoblue [7]

Demographics

Population census of Lake Sebu

Year Population ±% p.a.

1990 34,350 —

1995 47,617 +6.31%

2000 54,142 +2.79%

2007 60,401 +1.52%

2010 76,170 +8.81%

2015 87,442 +2.66%

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [3] [8] [9][10]

According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 87,442 people. The lake's shores and the surrounding

rainforest are home to the indigenous T'bolis, Tirurays, Ubos and Manobos.. The rest of the population are made

of Ilonggos, Bicolanos and Ilocanos.
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Census date Population Growth rate

1960 Feb 15 – –

1970 May 6 – –

1975 May 1 – –

1980 May 1 – –

1990 May 1 34,350 –

1995 Sep 1 47,617 6.31%

2000 May 1 54,142 2.79%

2007 Aug 1 60,401 1.52%

2010 May 1 76,170 8.81%

2015 Aug 1 87,442 2.66%

The population of Lake Sebu grew from 34,350 in 1990 to 87,442 in 2015, an increase of 53,092 people.

The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive growth rate of 2.66%, or an increase of 11,272 people, from

the previous population of 76,170 in 2010.

Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Lake Sebu is 5 to 9, with

12,500 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 232 individuals.

Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the the young dependent

population which include infants/babies, children and young adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of

41.80% (36,555). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the economically active population and actual or potential

members of the work force, constitute a total of 55.74% (48,740). Finally, old dependent population consisting of

the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 2.46% (2,147) in all.

The computed Age Dependency Ratios mean that among the population of Lake Sebu, there are 75 youth

dependents to every 100 of the working age population; there are 4 aged/senior citizens to every 100 of the
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working population; and overall, there are 79 dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working

population.

The median age of 19 indicates that half of the entire population of Lake Sebu are aged less than 19 and

the other half are over the age of 19.

Age group Population Age group 45 to 49 3,669 4.20%

(2015) percentage
50 to 54 2,667 3.05%
Under 1 2,384 2.73%
55 to 59 1,876 2.15%
1 to 4 10,205 11.67%
60 to 64 1,212 1.39%
5 to 9 12,500 14.30%
65 to 69 934 1.07%
10 to 14 11,466 13.11%
70 to 74 623 0.71%
15 to 19 9,630 11.01%
75 to 79 358 0.41%
20 to 24 8,154 9.33%
80 and over 232 0.27%
25 to 29 6,687 7.65%
Total 87,442 100.00%
30 to 34 5,537 6.33% Youth Dependency Ratio: 75.00
Old Age Dependency Ratio: 4.41
35 to 39 5,181 5.93% Total Dependency Ratio: 79.41
Median Age: 18.72
40 to 44 4,127 4.72%

Economic
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The economy is based on aquaculture of Tilapia grown in large fish cages floating in the lake. More than

one half of the land around the lake is cultivated for agriculture. The Philippine government is also trying to

promote ecotourism in the area. The finishing of a concrete road cut the travel time from 4 hours to less than 30

minutes greatly improving trade and commerce.

Economic Dynamism
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Festivals

1. Helobung Festival

Every 9th to 11th of November, the municipality of Lake Sebu, the summer capital and the eco-cultural

center of South Cotabato celebrates its foundation anniversary reflecting the unique cultural identity and ethnicity

of the province.

Helobung Festival is held to celebrate the Tboli culture. It is also celebrated to commemorate the founding

of the scenic town settled more than 700 meters above sea level in the mountains of South Cotabato in Mindanao.

It is said to be the liveliest time of the year in the town. The festival allows its streets to be adorned with geometric

ethnic designs with striking red and deep black colors, hues that represent the indigenous Tboli culture. Red
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represents the bravery and love and black is for the soil, the source of life. The one week celebration showcases

the life, history and stories of the Tboli peoples through the activities and competitions among local contestants

2. Lemlunay (T’Boli Tribal Festival)

Lemlunay or also known as T’Boli Tribal Festival is an annual celebration staged at Lake Sebu, South

Cotabato in Philippines. It is celebrated every third week of September that features tribal rituals that start at early

down amidst sounds of gongs and native music, culminating at the town plaza where cultural dances and ethic

sports like horsefight are held. However, Lemlunay Festival is renowned by the 6 major tribes of South Cotabato

(T´boli, Ubo, Manobo, Kalagan, Maguindanao, Tasaday) together with representatives from the different tribes in

Davao (Tirurays, Mandaya, Surigao tribes, Langilan, Bilaan, Bagog, Mansaka). It was originally just a small town

fiesta celebrating the feast day of Sta Cruz. During 1970’s, the religious feast has incorporated the features of the

Mo-ninum or thanksgiving ritual of the T´bolis. The commemorative mass held during the final day features a

unique blend of Catholic ritual and ethnic color. This festival was from the belief of the T’Boli in a golden age that

they called Lemlunay which means “the good place one goes to in the afterlife”. The word “Lemlunay” is a sort of

Camelot or paradise that they would like to make for their tribe. It is when the people there reenergize and renew

their vow to work for this coveted state of life.

Tourist Attractions

1. Lake Sebu 7 Falls- Deemed as the must-see famous attractions in Lake Sebu is its Seven Waterfalls. Here

are the T’boli names of the Seven Waterfalls found in Lake Sebu with its corresponding meaning:

 1st – Hikong Alu – Passage

 2nd – Hikong Bente – Unmeasurable

 3rd – Hikong B’lebed – Zigzag Coil

 4th – Hikong Lowing – Booth

 5th – Hikong Kefo-I – Wild flower

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 6th – Hikong Ukol – Short

 7th – Hikong Tonok – Soil

2. T’daan Kini Falls- Lake Sebu is known for its seven falls but these falls are not good for swimming

because the water came from lakes which are the home of tilapia cages. While T’daan Kini falls is very

clean and undeniably cold. The water that flows on the falls came from the spring above the mountain

which is very clean and suitable for bathing.

3. Lake Seloton- Situated few kilometers from Lake Sebu proper is the Lake Seloton. It is the second biggest

lake which has an area of 48 hectares and at more than 200 meters deep. Most of the lake is occupied

with tilapia fish cages which are the main source of livelihood in the area. Sunrise Garden Lake Resort is

the only resort can be found in the area.

4. School of Living Tradition- Positioned on a hill with a picturesque view of the serene lake in South

Cotabato, School of Living Tradition is the best place to experience authentic and well-preserved

indigenous T’boli tradition. The school is to be found in the village of Lambanig in Lake Sebu and

showcases several T’boli culture and arts through the Helubong Cultural Dance Troupe and its huts which

are made from bamboo and cogon grass.

5. Sunrise garden lake Resort- a resort that is located in Lake Siluton. You can see the sunset and sunrise in

the said resort.

6. Punta Isla Lake Resort- Punta Isla Lake Resort should without a doubt be included in your bucket list in

visiting Lake Sebu. Punta Isla portrays an important role in developing Lake Sebu as South Cotabato’s

premier nature sanctuary. It is situated less than a kilometer away from the town proper of Lake Sebu and

is highly regarded as an ideal place for fun, food and leisure. Furthermore, Punta Isla is popular for its

naturally sweet and luscious tasting tilapia which will surely fuel your appetite. Plus, if you would like to

spend a relaxing night in the place you may opt to stay in their VIP rooms, family or dormitory type rooms.
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7. Mountain Lake Eco-Resort- Owned and operated by Integrated Cooperative Towards Unified Service, the

Mountain Lake Eco-Resort promotes environmentally friendly, culturally conscious and oriented travel

experience to its visitors. The 8,000 square meters resort is very accessible and not difficult to go to

especially that it is just seven kilometers away from the center of Lake Sebu.

8. Monte Cielo Resort- Although this resort so near from the lake, it offers a spectacular view to visitors

because it is situated at an elevated area. Visitors can see in full view the wonders of both the beauty of

Lake Sebu and the mountain ranges around it.

9. Dolores Lake Resort- In terms of standard, there is nothing to question about Dolores Lake Resort’s

credibility especially that it holds the distinction of being the only resort accredited by both the city and

national tourism offices. It belongs to one of the many Dolores hotels and resorts operating in Mindanao.

10. Estares Lake Resort- What is there not to love about this resort? Located at Lake Sebu in South Cotabato,

this resort has literally seen the development of the lake from being a secluded getaway to its prominence

as a top tourist destination nowadays. Read this: the resort has been in business since 1992.

11. Mountain Log Resort- Are you looking for an exhilarating and unforgettable experience while staying at

Lake Sebu? Well, a perfect accommodation is what you are looking for, exactly what Lake Sebu Mountain

Log Resort has in all its humble splendor.

12. Merl Garden Spring Resort- Considered as one of the highly-esteemed resorts in Lake Sebu, Merl Garden

Spring Resort has earned its spot as the must visit resorts in South Cotabato. It takes pride for its

affordable accommodation rates with a 7 feet deep clean spring swimming pool, an exciting zipline,

cottages which are perfect for overnight stays and a function hall that is ideal for special events and

gatherings.

13. Sepaca Spring- a cold stream of water in lake sebu that provides a glimpse of nature. Sepaca spring is

another haven for those who desire to take the chance of dipping into the cold stream of water with

seemingly bubbles of water effects. Sepaca spring has been described as the most dependable natural

stream in Lake Sebu. The river is crystal-clear, it owns a natural pool where you can drench yourself and
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feel its coldness. The scenery is mostly hardwood timber with some rocky bluffs. The incessant flow of the

river is what makes the Sepaca spring as one of Lake Sebu’s best year-round cold spring river even during

the summer months when the river levels tend to fall.

14. Dreamweaver’s Hill- A new famous attraction in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato. Dreamweavers Hill offers you

a relaxing and peaceful retreat in the elevated parts of Lake Sebu. It gives you a memorable experience of

the rich T’boli culture while you bask yourself in the wonders of nature and agricultural products

surrounding the place.

Aside from the tourist attractions being stated above, there are new tourist attractions that are found in

Lake Sebu, South Cotabato.

Institutions

1. Glimmers Formation School

Address: Surallah-Lake Sebu-Maitum Road, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

2. Diente Elementary School

Address: Brgy. Lake Siluton, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

3. Lake Sebu Central Elementary School- A Public educational institution.

Address: T'boli Village Rd, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato.

4. Seven Lakes Elementary School- A Public educational institution.

Address: Ned, Lake Sebu.

5. Lake Lahit Elementary School

Address: Surallah-Lake Sebu Rd, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato.

6. Bacdulong Elementary School

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Address: Barangay Bacdulong, Lake Sebu, Timog Cotabato

7. Traankini Elementary School

Address: Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

8. Bandala Elementary School

Sitio Bandala NED, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

9. Lake Sebu National High School Multi-Purpose Cooperative

Address: T'boli Village Road, Lake Sebu, 9512

10. Ned National High School

Address: Ned, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

11. Santa Cruz Mission School Incorporated - Dekolon High School

Address: T'Boli Village, Barangay Poblacion, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, Lake Sebu, South

Cotabato

12. Santa Cruz Mission School Incorporated - Lem-ehek High School (Main)- Private educational institution

Address: Poblacion,Lake Sebu Rd, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato

13. Talisay Integrated School

Address: Barangay Talisay, Surallah-Lake Sebu Rd, Lake Sebu, South Cotabato.
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Notable Person

1. Lang Dulay- Lang Dulay was a Filipino traditional weaver who was a recipient of the National Living

Treasures Award. She is credited with preserving her people's tradition of weaving T'nalak, a dyed fabric

made from refined abaca fibre.

Born on August 3, 1928.

Lang Dulay was a T'boli princess

from the Lake Sebu region in

South Cotabato. She first learnt

weaving at the age of 12 from her

mother, Luan Senig. She is known

for maintaining the use of

traditional motifs in T'nalak

weaving amidst commercialization

of the craft which saw the

introduction of more modern

designs by non-T'bolis. She

notably had a mental repertoire of around 100 patterns and designs some of these were based on her

dreams, hence her description as a "dreamweaver". Lang Dulay set up the Manlilikha ng Bayan Center

workshop in her hometown to promote the traditional art of T'nalak weaving and by 2014, five of her

grandchildren had become weavers. Lang Dulay fell into a coma in early 2015 and died on April 30 of the

same year.

She was conferred the National Living Treasures Award in 1998. That same year, her works were

featured in an exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. in the United States as part of the

Philippine Independence Centennial celebrations.

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2. Michael Angelo Yambok- Born a pure T’boli from

Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, he was able to

witness and appreciate the beauty of their tribe’s

culture. After getting his degree of Community

Development from Sta. Cruz Mission school in

2003, he worked as a community and youth

organizer at Sta. Cruz Mission and was able to

explore communities as far as Sarangani

Province. Now he is the head of clustership in

the National Commision for Culture and Arts

T’Boli/Ubo Cluster, the director of the world-

renowned Tboli performing arts group, the

Helobung, and founded the Lake Sebu Youth Network, wherein they have annual programs on arts,

culture, tourism, community development and education with youth volunteers.

3. Maria Todi- GADOR awardee. The first tribal

leader who receives Gador Award, Maria

Todi is a Tboli musician, dancer, and chanter

from Lake Sebu. Gador Award is the Cultural

Center of the Philippines (CCP) award-giving

body that recognizes Mindanao individuals

and organizations who shared commendable

work and services in cultural and artistic

endeavors, research, development,

education and promotions in the last 10

years.
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 RAMON MAGSAYSAY MEMORIAL COLLEGES – MARBEL, INC.
Purok Waling-waling, Arellano Street, Zone II, Koronadal City

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