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    Summary 1.4 & 1.5

    Uploaded by

    Aida Fithriyatur Rohmah
    The document discusses joints and muscles. It describes two types of moveable joints - hinge joints like the elbow that move in one direction, and ball and socket joints like the shoulder that move in multiple directions. Fixed joints like those in the skull are also mentioned. Key bones and muscles in the elbow and shoulder are identified, including how the biceps and triceps muscles work to bend and straighten the arm. The roles of cartilage, synovial fluid, and ligaments in lubricating joints and holding bones together are outlined. Tips for studying biology emphasize reviewing materials daily and asking questions when concepts are unclear.

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    Summary 1.4 & 1.5

    Uploaded by

    Aida Fithriyatur Rohmah
    14 views1 page
    The document discusses joints and muscles. It describes two types of moveable joints - hinge joints like the elbow that move in one direction, and ball and socket joints like the shoulder that move in multiple directions. Fixed joints like those in the skull are also mentioned. Key bones and muscles in the elbow and shoulder are identified, including how the biceps and triceps muscles work to bend and straighten the arm. The roles of cartilage, synovial fluid, and ligaments in lubricating joints and holding bones together are outlined. Tips for studying biology emphasize reviewing materials daily and asking questions when concepts are unclear.

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    The document discusses joints and muscles. It describes two types of moveable joints - hinge joints like the elbow that move in one direction, and ball and socket joints like the shoulder that move in multiple directions. Fixed joints like those in the skull are also mentioned. Key bones and muscles in the elbow and shoulder are identified, including how the biceps and triceps muscles work to bend and straighten the arm. The roles of cartilage, synovial fluid, and ligaments in lubricating joints and holding bones together are outlined. Tips for studying biology emphasize reviewing materials daily and asking questions when concepts are unclear.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views1 page

    Summary 1.4 & 1.5

    Uploaded by

    Aida Fithriyatur Rohmah
    The document discusses joints and muscles. It describes two types of moveable joints - hinge joints like the elbow that move in one direction, and ball and socket joints like the shoulder that move in multiple directions. Fixed joints like those in the skull are also mentioned. Key bones and muscles in the elbow and shoulder are identified, including how the biceps and triceps muscles work to bend and straighten the arm. The roles of cartilage, synovial fluid, and ligaments in lubricating joints and holding bones together are outlined. Tips for studying biology emphasize reviewing materials daily and asking questions when concepts are unclear.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    U.

    Aida

    ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
    JOINTS & MUSCLES

    1. JOINTS
     2 examples of Moveable joints: Hinge joints (move in one direction; ex: elbow joint) & Ball and
    Socket joints (move round in a complete circle).
     One place in the body where you have a fixed joint is in the cranium (part of the skull). This helps to
    make the cranium strong, so it can protect the brain.
     The bones that form the ball-and-socket joint in your shoulder are Scapula (socket) and Humerus
    (ball).
     The bones that form the hinge joint at your elbow are Humerus and Ulna.
     It is important to reduce friction at moveable joints because friction between the bones would make
    it difficult to move them. More force would be needed. The ends of bones would be damaged. It
    would be painful.
     The cartilage is found in the elbow joint because it covers the ends of the bones. It is there to reduce
    friction, as it is very smooth and slippery.
     Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction.
     The 2 bones in the elbow joint are held together because there is the joint capsule (made mostly of
    ligaments) helps to hold the bones together.

    2. MUSCLES
     Biceps muscle is attached to 2 bones, they are Scapula and Radius.
     Triceps muscle is attached to 2 bones, they are Scapula, Humerus and Ulna.
     Biceps and Triceps are given their names because the biceps has 2 tendons attaching its upper end
    to bones, and triceps has 3.
     If the biceps stop contracting (relaxed) and the triceps contracts means the triceps will get shorter.
    It will pull the ulna towards scapula. The arm will get straighter.
     It is important that tendons do not stretch. It because the tendons must transmit the force of the
    contracting muscles to the bones. If the tendons stretched, the bones would not move.
     The biceps muscle alone cannot make the arm straighten because the biceps muscle cannot make
    itself get longer. It cannot push the radius downwards.

    Tips to study Biology:

     READ your coursebook and notebook AFTER CLASS on THAT DAY and BEFORE CLASS on the
    NEXT MEETING.
     Read over and over until you understand.
     If you don’t understand the meaning, kindly CHECK your DICTIONARY.
     If you STILL don’t understand or have any question, please feel free to ASK ME ANYTIME.

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