8.sti 2
8.sti 2
8.sti 2
Dr Sana Jamil
Assistant Professor(Microbiology)
SIUT
Bacterial
1. Pathogenic Chlamydia:
Obligate intracellular pathogen
C. psittaci: pneumonia
C. pneumoniae acute respiratory disease
atherosclerosis?
C. trachomatis: trachoma
STD
LGV
Chlamydia trachomatis:
NGU--Non-gonococcal urethritis
Asymptomatic (particularly in women)
3 catagories of serovars associated with
disease
Bacterial: C. trachomatis
*
Bacterial: C. trachomatis
“Developmental lifecycle”
Purulent cervicitis
Bacterial: C. trachomatis
Diagnosis
Serology is unreliable
Cell culture
Infect McCoy cells in tissue culture
Form inclusions in 48-72 hours
• DNA probe
Sensitivity 73-96%
Specificity 85-99%
• Enzyme Immunoassay
Sensitivity 65-95%
Specificity 95% or >
Nucleic Acid Amplification
Techniques
PCR
Diagnosis
DFA stain
Bacterial: C. trachomatis
Treatment:
Worldwide in distribution
Manifests soon after genital inoculation
Painful, non-indurated genital ulcer
-contrast to syphilitic chancre
Local lymphadenopathy
Confused with genital herpes
-lesions tend to be larger
CHANCROID
Bacterial: Chancroid
Etiologic agent:
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (gram neg. rod)
Referred as “Donovanosis”
Common in tropical climates
Nodules on genitalia that erode, forming
granulomatous lesions that bleed upon contact;
purulent exudate
Secondary infections can occur
No lymphadenopathy (contrast to LGV)
Invade and multiply in mononuclear cells
Bacterial: Donovanosis
Diagnosis:
Examination of smear from lesion stained with
Giemsa or Wright’s
“Donovan bodies”
Clustering of encapsulated bacteria seen in monocyte is
diagnostic
Etiologic agents:
Mycoplasma hominis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Found in genital tracts of sexually active men and
women
Not found as often in populations who are not
sexually active
Associated with NGU, especially
U. Urealyticum -urethritis and prostatitis in men
Diagnosis:
Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge
or culture can confirm diagnosis
Treatment:
Oral: Fluconazole or Topical: Nystatin
Protozoal: Trichomonas
Diagnosis:
Must be distinguished from BV; can be done by
examining discharge microscopically
-actively motile trophozoites present
Treatment:
Metronidazole
Viral: Herpes simplex types I&II
HSV1: spread via saliva; oropharyngeal infection
-cold sores
HSV2: venereal route; recovered from oral and genital sites
1 week incubation--start to see vesicles
Vesicles form painful shallow ulcers
-can be found in vagina, on penis, in anus
Result in painful urination, malaise, fever
Spontaneous healing occurs
Therapy is highly supportive
Reactivation of latent virus can occur
-virus infects neurons, goes latent
Diagnosis of Herpes Genitalis
Treatment:
Acyclovir helps suppress the frequency of recurrences
Viral: Papilloma