FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

ROXAS CITY
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

A Self-learning Module 6
in
Earth Science
(Grade 11)

REUBEN JOHN A. ABALAYAN, LPT

Learning Facilitator
 Development Team
Authored by:
JOHN B. ITURALDE JR., LPT
Modified by:
REUBEN JOHN A. ABALAYAN, LPT
Teacher
Designed by:
MARU ALAYON
Teacher
Reviewed by:
ELEAONOR B. BECHAYDA, Ed D
Focal Person, HUMMS
SHIRLEY F. TIPON, Ph D
Assistant Principal
URLA S. DELA, MAT
Acting Principal
Checked by:
EXEQUIEL A. CALIMUTAN, MAT
Quality Assurance Officer

Approved by:
MINIE P. CHAN, Ph D
VP- Academic Affairs

Copyright 2022 by Filamer Christian University

All rights reserved. No part of this module/learning material may be reproduced or

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Office Address: Roxas Avenue, Roxas City, Capiz, Philippines 5800
E-mail Address: filamer_christian@yahoo.com
 Introduction

As we close to the end part of this semester, I hope that you were
able to appreciate the beauty of environmental conservation and
protection. All topics from Module 1-6 have made you realize the
importance of our very own Planet Earth and the different ways humans
have alter its beauty. This Module will give you more insights on how
humans generate different kinds of wastes and how these wastes should
be properly managed as it may cause various health and environmental
problems.
Learning all these things are necessary to save Earth from
catastrophic disasters which all root from improper waste disposal and
management.

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 Lesson 9
(Week 9)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• validate how people generate different types of waste in local community
through a short investigation;
• exhibit appropriate behavior on environmental protection and waste
management;
• initiate project or activity for waste management in the local community.

Waste Generation and Management

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Instructions: Read each statement carefully and ENCIRCLE the LETTER of the
correct answer.

1. It is an unavoidable by-product of most human activity.

A. Gasses B. Wastes C. Products D. Services

2. According to a report by the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) in 2016,

what produces the most amount of solid wastes?
A. Industrial B. Commercial C. Residential D. Manufacturing

3. These are the wastes also known as moist waste which decompose themselves
over a period of time depending on the material.
A. Biodegradable B. Non-biodegradable C. Environmental D. Garbage

4. Various wastes produced in the agricultural field are known as ___________.

A. Commercial B. Industrial C. Domestic D. Agricultural

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 5. Leaves, vegetable peels, excreta are examples of what classification of wastes?
A. Industrial B. Commercial C. Domestic D. Agricultural

6. The wastes generated from the natural Processes and anthropogenic activities
which pollute the environment are termed as__________.
A. Environmental wastes B. Commercial wastes C. Natural D. Organic

7. The type of environmental waste that may contain nontoxic inorganic substances
or toxic organic substances.
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Hazardous

8. What type of wastes are generated in the environment mainly due to

anthropogenic activities?
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Hazardous

9. The following are examples of solid wastes, EXCEPT:

A. Glass Bottles B. Metals C. Plastic containers D. Effluents

10. Wastes that are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices are classified
as________.
A. Commercial B. Industrial C. domestic D. Agricultural

Philippine Waste Situation

“Human society sustains itself by transforming nature into garbage,” said aphorist and
professor Mason Cooley in the news report from Inquirer.net last May 2019.

Waste is an unavoidable by-product of most human activity. In the Philippines, it was

unsurprising to know that as progress in economy happen and living standards are
enhanced, generated waste become more complex in quantity. According to a report
by the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO), the country’s waste generation
steadily increased from 37,427.46 tons per day in 2012 to 40,087.45 tons in 2016.
Meanwhile, solid wastes produced by Philippine cities are expected to increase by 165
percent to 77,776 tons by 2025. Residential areas produce the most amount of solid
wastes at 57 percent, while wastes from commercial establishments, institutional
sources, and industrial or manufacturing sector accounted for 27 percent, 12 percent,
and 4 percent of the total waste generated, respectively.2

Task 1: IDENTIFY AND CLASSIFY

Instructions: Look around the vicinity of your home or outside and identify some waste
which you can see. List down at least ten (10) wastes that you see and classify them
into Biodegradable or Non-biodegradable. Correct your answer after learning these two
types of waste in this lesson.

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Biodegradable Non-Biodegradable Am I
Correct?

Types of Wastes
Commonly waste is classified into two types: Biodegradable and Non-
biodegradable waste. These two kinds of wastes are explained below:

Source: https://byjus.com/chemistry/waste/. Accessed September 17, 2020

1. Biodegradable waste

• These are the wastes that come from our kitchen and it includes food
remains, garden waste, etc. Biodegradable waste is also known as moist
waste. This can be composted to obtain manure. Biodegradable wastes
decompose themselves over a period of time depending on the material.3

2. Non-biodegradable waste
• These are the wastes which include old newspapers, broken glass pieces,
plastics, etc. Non-biodegradable waste is known as dry waste. Dry wastes
can be recycled and can be reused. Non-biodegradable wastes do not
decompose by themselves and hence are major pollutants. 3

Environmental Waste

The wastes generated from the natural Processes and anthropogenic activities
which pollute the environment and make the earth an unhealthy planet, is termed as

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environmental wastes, depending upon the physical states of wastes, these are of three
types4:

1. Solid wastes- include solid portions of the discarded material such as glass
bottles, crockeries, plastic containers, metals and radioactive wastes. The solid
wastes may be biodegradable or non-biodegradable. The biodegradable solid
wastes are agricultural wastes, food wastes, paper, food processing by products,
manure, yard wastes etc. The non-biodegradable wastes include plastics,
metals, synthetic materials, polythene, radioactive wastes etc. 4

2. Liquid wastes- are the liquid part of the waste material. Liquid waste includes
effluents of industries, fertilizer and pesticide solutions from agricultural fields,
leachate from landfills, urban runoff of untreated waste water and garbage,
mining wastes etc. The liquid waste may contain nontoxic inorganic substances
or toxic organic substances.4

3. Gaseous wastes- are generated in to environment mainly due to anthropogenic

activities. The gaseous wastes include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO),
oxides of sulphur (SOx) etc. These gaseous wastes can cause serious
environmental hazards. Therefore, it is highly essential to take appropriate steps
for the proper management and control of gaseous wastes in the environment. 4

Task 2: WHICH IS WHICH?

Instructions: Categorize the following environmental wastes on the box as to solid,
liquid and gaseous. Write your answer on the table below.

Pesticide solutions Carbon monoxide Isinglass

Fertilizer Mining wastes Oxides of nitrogen
Yellow Pad Ionizing radiation Drainage Water
Carbon Dioxide Soft drink bottles Tupper ware
Synthetic Fiber Methane Chlorofluorocarbon
Excess food Soft drink bottles Sulphur dioxide

Solid Liquid Gaseous

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 Sources of Waste
Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types: Industrial,
Commercial, Domestic, and Agricultural.3

Source: https://byjus.com/chemistry/waste/. Accessed September 17, 2020

1. Industrial Waste
▪ These are the wastes created in factories and industries. Most industries
dump their wastes in rivers and seas which cause a lot of
pollution. Example: plastic, glass, etc.3

2. Commercial Waste
▪ Commercial wastes are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices.
Example: plastic, paper, etc.3

3. Domestic Waste
▪ The different household wastes which are collected during household
activities like cooking, cleaning, etc. are known as domestic wastes.
Example: leaves, vegetable peels, excreta, etc.3

4. Agricultural Waste
▪ Various wastes produced in the agricultural field are known as agricultural
wastes. Example: cattle waste, weed, husk, etc.3

Task 3: SHORT INVESTIGATION

Instructions: Search for other examples of wastes generated from Industrial,
Commercial, Domestic, and Agricultural. Then include it to the checklist below which
you will use in your investigation to at least eight (8) respondents. Two (2) respondent
for each source.

A. Objectives:
▪ To validate how people generate different types of waste in local
community.
▪ To explain how different types of wastes affect people and the
Environment

B. Procedure:

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1. Search for other examples of waste for each source (Industrial, Commercial,
Domestic, and Agricultural.)
2. Include at least five (5) examples for each source which you will use for the
interview:

Check whether these wastes are R. A R.B Explain in General (per

present in your area/field. source) how these wastes
affect the respondent and
her/his environment
I. Industrial
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

II. Commercial
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

III. Domestic
a.

b.

c.

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 d.

e.

IV. Agricultural
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

3. Identify at least two (2) respondents for each source/area/field which you will
interview online.

4. Write the Summary and Conclusion of your Interview which includes your
observations, insights and Generalizations:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Instructions: Read each statement carefully and ENCIRCLE the LETTER of the
correct answer.

1. Wastes that are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices are classified
as________.
A. Commercial B. Industrial C. Domestic D. Agricultural

2. Leaves, vegetable peels, excreta are examples of what classification of wastes?

A. Industrial B. Commercial C. Domestic D. Agricultural

3. What type of wastes are generated in the environment mainly due to

anthropogenic activities?
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Hazardous

4. Various wastes produced in the agricultural field are known as ___________.

A. Commercial B. Industrial C. Domestic D. Agricultural

5. The following are the examples of solid wastes, EXCEPT:

A. Glass Bottles B. metals C. Plastic containers D. Effluents

6. It is an unavoidable by-product of most human activity.

A. Gasses B. Wastes C. Products D. Services

7. These are the wastes also known as moist waste which decompose themselves
over a period of time depending on the material.
A. Biodegradable B. Non-biodegradable C. Environmental D. Garbage

8. The wastes generated from the natural Processes and anthropogenic activities
which pollute the environment are termed as__________.
A. Environmental wastes B. Commercial wastes C. Natural D. Organic

9. The type of environmental waste that may contain nontoxic inorganic substances
or toxic organic substances.
A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gaseous D. Hazardous

10. According to a report by the Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) in 2016,
what produces the most amount of solid wastes?
A. Industrial B. Commercial C. Residential D. Manufacturing

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 Waste Management: We Can!
For performance in Earth Science, you have to come up with a project or activity
which can help your local community manage waste. This project/activity should be
attainable for only a week. It could be, a general cleaning, eco-bricks making, etc.
Think of effective ways where you could share your resources or tap other young
people in your barangay to help you implement this project. A proper documentation
(photographs, videos, testimonies, etc.) should be made after you have successfully
implemented this project.

Rubrics in Assessing
Be guided Infographic
of the rubrics Materials:
for assessment on the next page.
Excellent Good Fair Poor
25 pts 20 pts 15 pts 10 pts
1.Problem
Identification Uses the Uses the Identifies waste Identified
community community management problem is not
assessment to assessment to concern that is related to the
identify a identify a vaguely evident assessment of
specific waste specific waste in the the community.
management management community
problem problem assessment. Provides little or
erroneous
Provides Provides basic Provides little information
complete information information on about the
information about the the problem or problem and/or
about the problem and how it affects how it affects
problem and how it affects individuals and individuals and
how it affects the the community community. populations.
individual and and individual.
community.

2.Implementation
Implements Implements Implements Implements
project that is project that is project that is project that is
very relevant to somehow not relevant to not relevant to
the needs of the relevant to the the needs of the the needs of the
community in needs of the community in community in
terms of waste community in terms of waste terms of waste
management terms of waste management management
concern. management concern. concern.
concern.
The project has The project has The project was
outstanding The project has outstanding not
output, outstanding output, however implemented,
community was output, community was community was
able to resolve community was not able to not able to
specific problem able to resolve resolve any resolve
in waste specific problem problem in problems in
management. in waste waste waste
management. management. management.

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3.Collaboration
With Local Excellent
Community cooperation and The student Conflicts Conflict was
collaboration Appeared to required evident
was evident in cooperate in the assistance to throughout the
the project. project. resolve or an preparation
inability to and/or during
There was no Any conflicts cooperate well the project
serious conflicts that arose were was noticeable. presentation.
and the student resolved with
was able to little assistance. Students did not
share seem to share
knowledge, A good finished knowledge or
experience, and product was work together to
compromise to created. complete the
create an presentation.
excellent
finished product.
4.Documentation The project was The project was The project was The project was
properly properly properly not properly
documented documented documented but documented
with complete with some lack some and lack
photos, videos, photos, videos, photos, videos, photos, videos,
and other and other and other and other
documentation documentation documentation documentation
available. available. available. available.
Source: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=MX2W488&sp=yes&

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Key to Answers:

Pretest
1.) B
2.) C
3.) A
4.) D
5.) C
6.) A
7.) B
8.) C
9.) D
10.) A

Post test
1.) A
2.) C
3.) C
4.) D
5.) D
6.) B
7.) A
8.) A
9.) B
10.) C

References:
[1] Department of Education Central Office. Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELCs). 2020.

Websites/ Online References

[2] Inquirer.net News Website. Retrieved at

https://business.inquirer.net/270819/solid-waste-mismanagement-in-the-
philippines. Accessed September 17, 2020

[3] BYJU’s Learning App Website. Retrieved at https://byjus.com/chemistry/waste/.

Accessed September 17, 2020

[4] Environmental Pollution Website. Retrieved at

https://www.environmentalpollution.in/waste-management/waste-management-
management-of-solid-liquid-and-gaseous-wastes/377. Accessed September 17,
2020

[5] https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=MX2W488&sp=yes&

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