Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography
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MALPRACTICE APOLOGY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PAPER 2
Introduction
malpractice is related to conduct or activities that are not standard for that particular profession
or activity. It is a wrong act that is done by someone who is considered a professional in this
illegal or unethical practice by a healthcare provider. Nurses are the healthcare providers
considered professionals in the medical field. They are the first responders who give the
necessary care to a patient. The rate or frequency of occurrence may be low because it is normal
for any person working in the medical field to commit an act that he knows is inappropriate.
However, some situations can create a malpractice case. The most common activities that result
in malpractice differ depending on the field of practice. Some examples of these activities are
giving the wrong diagnosis, giving the wrong treatment to a patient, harmful manipulation of a
patient, or using controlled substances. When it occurs in medicine, it has the most negative
impact on the patient and his health. The sources below explain the apology's role in medical
malpractice, the biblical considerations, and the lawsuit involved when medical malpractice
occurs.
Sources
This article is about one of the most essential and delicate subjects in medicine: medical
malpractice. It talks about what a lawsuit is and how it can be successful in lawsuits if they have
all the necessary records (injuries, admitting documents, operative notes) to make them win.
MALPRACTICE APOLOGY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PAPER 3
They also discuss the damages and how they help with the damages that can happen when a
doctor's negligence injures someone. Those damages can include pain, suffering, anguish, and
suffering and death (if it is of a great magnitude). All these damages are not only personal
damages to the victim but also emotional pain and suffering. The article describes what a lawsuit
is about. This consists of the plaintiff (one who takes the case) suing a defendant (one who is
being sued). The defendants may be any hospital where the patient was treated and doctors who
have done treatments or maybe just have done other kinds of practices in their health care. The
plaintiff will be seeking monetary damages and a new law, which is harder to understand
because it involves the law and being able to tell that the court case is likely to be successful. In
this article, they talk about winning a court case with enough evidence that they can win. They
also discuss how the defendant will answer, meaning whether they will accept responsibility.
2. Lyu, H. G., Cooper, M. A., Mayer-Blackwell, B., Jiam, N., Hechenbleikner, E. M.,
Wick, E. C., ... & Makary, M. A. (2017). Medical harm: patient perceptions and
In this study, patients were asked whether their medical care harmed them. Harm
statements were categorized into three categories: "definitely," "probably," and "unlikely."
Participants responded definitively to at least one statement in 65% of cases and probably in
another 20%. While actual harms are more likely to be reported than probable harms, 75% of
potential harms remained unreported. Even when patients do not experience harm themselves,
they are often aware of other people harmed by their medical care. 64% of patients in this study
witnessed at least one probable harm performed on another person. Participants were also asked
what actions they took after experiencing or witnessing possible harm. Most patients who
experienced either definite or probable harm said they did not take action afterward. This is
MALPRACTICE APOLOGY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PAPER 4
likely because most of the harms were not severe, and there were no clear repercussions for
reporting them to medical professionals. "In my mind, I didn't feel anyone was wrong, but I just
didn't know what to do," said a patient experiencing probable harm. "It wasn't black and white."
The results of this study show that patients are aware of those who have experienced harm and
are likely aware of the most probable harms, although they chose not to report them. More
studies are needed to research why patients do not report their experiences.
The article contends that doctors must take responsibility for their mistakes no matter
what time frame they occur to give patients and their families confidence in the medical
profession. Previous studies have shown that people are more likely to trust a doctor who shares
his mistakes over time. Self-disclosure is an effective way of instilling confidence in the medical
profession. Therefore, the article argues from an ethical and sociological perspective that doctors
must be open about their mistakes for patients and their families to feel confident in the practice
environment. Some moral philosophers have advocated the confessional approach, but it was
Laws, Health Care, and Medical Malpractice. Lewis & Clark L. Rev., p. 22, 1199.
This article focuses on the implications of apology laws in light of medical malpractice
and their impact on physicians' attitudes and behavior. These laws can dramatically affect a
physician's conduct during interactions with patients. Since the advent of apology laws, many
more cases have been settled in favor of physicians and hospitals for less money. While there is a
MALPRACTICE APOLOGY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PAPER 5
self-defense strategy for enacting these laws, it does not appear that physicians genuinely benefit
from them.
The author of this article argues that clinical ethics consultations (CECs) should be
conducted authentically and that clinical ethics committees are best advised to avoid attempting
to impose their ethical values on respondents when considering the impact of religious
order to better understand the authenticity of CECs, this article provides examples from previous
studies and interviews with clinicians regarding how they determine what is in the best interests
of their patients.
6. Robertson, J. J., & Long, B. (2018). Suffering in silence: medical error and its
This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of adverse events related to medical
errors among emergency medicine providers and patients. This article discusses how many
providers experience symptoms from mistakes made during their work days. The article will also
discuss these errors' impact on the providers and the people they treat. This study involved 135
providers from all levels of emergency medicine education and a total of 576 experiences of
adverse events. These data were compared to national data published by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), which surveyed 7,031 providers, representing 10,004
7. Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical error reduction
This article summarizes "Suffering in silence: medical error and its impact on health care
providers. The impact of medical errors is not limited to patients but also affects healthcare
providers. In this study, 1,000 providers were surveyed about their experiences with patient
mistakes. Medical errors were found to have detrimental effects on the experience of both
patients and practitioners. The most common type of patient error involved a misdiagnosis; an
unnecessary or delayed diagnosis was the second most prevalent mistake. Most errors were
observed by a provider and directly affected the patient. The quality of care may be significantly
compromised by medical errors as providers respond to requests for care using their knowledge,
skills, and experience. The authors suggest that health systems should create a culture that
encourages open communication between providers and patients. A culture of openness would
8. Ross, N. E., & Newman, W. J. (2021). The role of apology laws in medical
According to a study by Ross and Newman, many states have amnesty laws that protect
doctors who apologize for their mistake during a medical malpractice trial from being sued for
damages from the patients they have harmed. New laws are needed to protect doctors who would
apologize for the mistakes that happen in the clinic. If doctors do not apologize for their
mistakes, it will protect them from being sued for damages. In addition, there is a stigma that
goes with apologizing, and it is a negative thing in society, and not many people like to feel as if
MALPRACTICE APOLOGY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PAPER 7
they have done something wrong or bad because of making a mistake. Each state is different and
has its amnesty laws that can protect doctors from being sued and keep the system intact.
Newman and Ross considered the presentation of evidence regarding apologies made by or to
patients. The current U.S. legal system considers a medical apology as an admission of liability,
which could influence the outcome of legal proceedings. This paper explains how current laws
may be influencing the way the medical apology is practiced in various states and suggests ways
that these laws might be changed to eliminate detrimental effects on apology and continue to
help patients understand that society values their voice during a trial process, even if they do not
recover financially.
Analysis
After reviewing the above articles related to malpractices in the healthcare sector and
more so in my area of specialty (administration), I have found out that malpractices are pretty
diverse. They range from corruption, medical errors, and lack of knowledge on some issues
related to the healthcare sector. It is an area of concern that local and global healthcare
institutions should focus on to ensure that patients do not suffer in the quest to get healthcare
services. Therefore, after this analysis, my research paper will be more skewed in the analysis of
medical malpractices, acknowledgment and apology, lawsuits concerning medical errors, and
References
Lyu, H. G., Cooper, M. A., Mayer-Blackwell, B., Jiam, N., Hechenbleikner, E. M., Wick, E.
C., ... & Makary, M. A. (2017). Medical harm: patient perceptions and follow-up
Health Care, and Medical Malpractice. Lewis & Clark L. Rev., p. 22, 1199.
Parker, J. C. (2019, June). Religion, authenticity, and clinical ethics consultation. In HEC
Robertson, J. J., & Long, B. (2018). Suffering in silence: medical error and its impact on health
Rodziewicz, T. L., Houseman, B., & Hipskind, J. E. (2022). Medical error reduction and
Ross, N. E., & Newman, W. J. (2021). The role of apology laws in medical malpractice. J Am