Abc Analysis Project
Abc Analysis Project
Abc Analysis Project
Department of MBA
Acharya Institute of Technology
Soldevanahalli, Hessaraghatta Main Road, Bangalore-107
March-2019
Sri Anagha Refineries Pvt. Ltd.
Survey. No . 10/1(P) , ll/8A(P) , 12/3(P) , 12/4(P) ,
Industrial Area Baikampady, Mangalore - 575011 , Karnataka
CERTIFICATE
During the Project Work, she has done the work sincerely. Her conduct is good.
DIRECTOR
SRI ANAGHA REFINERIES PVT. LTD.
Date: 04/04/2019
CERTIFICATE
~ - - -- -- -
Acharya Dr. Sa rvepal li Radhakrishnan Road , So ladevanaha lli, Acharya PO ., Benga luru 560 107, Karnataka , India • www.acharya .ac .in/ ait
• Ph +91-80-225 555 55 Extn . • 2102 • Fax +91-80-237 002 42 • E-ma iL pri ncipala it@acharya .ac.in
DECLARATION
I, Namratha R Jain , hereby declare that the Project report entitled " A Study on
ABC ANALYSIS" with reference to " SRI ANAGHA REFINERIES PVT. LTD .
Finally, I express my sincere thanks to my Parents, Friends and all the Staff of
MBA department of AIT for their valuable suggestions in completing this
Project Report.
The project was undertaken to have knowledge about the Inventory Management in real
World.
The project was done at Sri Anagha Refineries Private Limited, Mangalore. It gives clear
picture of the “Inventory Management” of SARPL
For preparing this project report, I had been to the organisation, Sri Anagha Refineries
Private Limited, Mangalore, to study Inventory Management with the help of ABC Analysis
technique of Inventory Control.
It is very much clear that there is a wide scope for Sri Anagha Refineries Private Limited,
Mangalore. The organisation is developing day by day.
It was very exciting to experience the real corporate world in SARPL, Mangalore. From this
project I learnt about the Inventory Management Control. SARPL is a reputed organization
which has developed its goodwill in the market to compete with other famous brands such as
Adani Wilmar, KOF etc. SARPL is functioning well for the upliftment of the economy. Last
but not the least I would like to conclude SARPL as good Company to work as well as to
interact with people. All the workers and employees of the union motivated me.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Project works have become the bridge for students to enter to corporate level. Through
project work I got to know the real implication on theories learnt in the academics.
As per VTU guidelines every student of MBA program undertakes an individual project. So,
I did my project work from 3rd Jan to 16th Feb 2019 for a period of 6 weeks as a part of
academic curriculum under the mentorship of external guide of the organization. I choose
Anagha Refineries Pvt. Ltd. to do my project work in. My specialisation being finance, the
topic I had chosen to do the project on was ABC Analysis on the company’s inventory. All
the required data to do the analysis was collected from the company to do the above analysis.
I truly had the exposure to the financial aspect of a company, which indeed will surely help
be in my carrier. The term I spent at Anagha Refineries was more engaged with learning part
of inventory control. Thus, the project duration provided me with the opportunity to broaden
my knowledge, acknowledge my strengths/weakness that would be more helpful to shape up
my career in the future.
1
INDUSTRY PROFILE
INTRODUCTION
Amongst 200 odd countries in the whole of world India is one of the largest producer of
oilseeds and the position of this segment is prominent in agriculture. Two of the most
sensitive essential commodities are oilseeds and edible oil. With the yield of around 1000 kg
a hectare India grows oilseeds on an area of over 24 million hectares. But self-reliance in
edible oil is not observed and the country acquires nearly half of its essential.
India has far-ranging of oil seeds crops cultivated in its various agro climatic regions.
Groundnut, mustard/rape seed, sesame, safflower, linseed, nigerseed/ castor are the major
conventional grown oilseeds. In recent years Soyabean and sunflower are playing prominent
role. Coconut is of great significance amongst the plantation crops. Among the non-
traditional oils, the great valued ones are ricebran oil and cotton seed oil. The Indian edible
oil industry is composed of some 16000 oil mills, 650 solvent extraction units, 300 vanaspati
units and about 500 refining units.
The National council of Applied Economic Research has forecasted the demand for below
three situations on the basis of per capita income growing by 5%, 6% and 7% annually. In the
lower level growth scenario to 35 million tonnes in the forthcoming. The industry is ruled by
the large segment. Segment which are unbranded narrates for anywhere between 85%
division of the crude oil gets sold as unbranded oil. The ratio of vanaspati, raw oil, and
refined oil in the whole of market is roughly calculated at 15%, 40% and 56% respectively.
The packaged edible oil segment is gaining a lot of traction and is expected to constitute
almost 55% of the total sales in the future and this growth may be large attributed to the fact
that consumers perceive (and to a greater extent it is true) that packaged edible oil are far
more better in terms of quality, more reliable and more economical as compared to other
alternatives. The growth rate of packed edible oil business is currently around 14% in a year.
Market leader Major Player, Marico Industries with its two main brands Sweekar and Saffola
with 14% market value. The second one in the order with 12% is ITC Agrotech’s Sundrop.
Then it is followed by Godrej Foods and HLL’s Flora.
2
HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY
The existence of the industry can be witnessed even thousands of years before Christ. In
those times, usage of soya bean oil was made by Chinese whereas olive oil was used by the
southern Europeans. They realized that the heat of the sun had brought the seed oil to the
front, which is used for cooking. Later, humans successfully created the idea of squeezing or
heating seeds/ plants to extract oil. In early 1961, we started producing corn oil in the United
States. Far on in time, there realised many options like grape seed oil, cotton seed oil, etc.
The industry had a very fast expansion due to the betterment in technologies of oil pressing
and instigation of inventive technologies. Earlier, to extract the oil just the mortar and pestle
were used. Later on, lever and screw presses were introduced by the Greeks and Romans.
Over the period of time, substantially evolution of oil extraction technologies have taken
place. Now for consumption and industrial purpose there are various kinds of oil prevailing in
the market.
Oil extracted from vegetables are widely used for cooking in different cuisines.
This oil is extracted from various plants / seeds, which are not used for cooking but as content
of manufactured products. Soaps, perfumes, skin products, candles, cosmetics and personal
hygiene products. The oil, well known for its drying oil, is used in the manufacture of paints
and wood products. The edible oil has been modified for use as insulation in the electrical
industry due to its non-toxic and biodegradable characteristics.
The cooking oil production process involves extracting the oil from the plant components,
mainly seeds. Extraction is carried out mechanically in an oil mill or chemically extracted
with a solvent. The extracted oils are then purified, refined or chemically treated. Food oil
production stage:
3
There are many facilities related to the production of edible oil. Equipment used in oil
production includes centrifuges, deodorants, cookers, dryers, oilseed expellers and ejector
presses.
Oilseeds and cooking oil are two of the most sensitive products. India has a strong oilseed
production. In the creation of agricultural wealth this sector places an important role. The
sector estimates a production of 10.5 million metric tonnes of nine cultivated oil seeds in the
year. India’s contribution towards oilseeds production is about 8%. India was accounted for
nearly about 8% of oil meal export.
Two major features one which set up the Technology Mission on oilseeds in 1986 contributed
significantly in the development of the sector. To extend the production of oil seeds it gave
impel to the Government’s efforts. A magnificent raise from 11 million in 1986-87 to 24
million tonnes in 1998-99 in the production of oil seeds was noticeable. The hitch in 1999-
2000 occurred for the reason being un-seasonal rain followed by the bleak weather. For the
reason the year witnessed a reduced production of 20 million tonnes. Nevertheless, the
production raised the bar in the year 2005-06. According to the third estimate of the Ministry
of Agriculture, between 2007 and 2008, nine major oilseeds are estimated at nearly 26
million tons. Other key features give the impression of the current state of oilseeds and the
mitigation programs that governments' economic policies provide the freedom to open
markets and stimulate healthy competition and self-management rather than protection and
control. These improvisation resulted in an increased competitive market stand over on both
domestic and inter-continental.
Sunflower oil is extracted from the seeds of sunflower. The plant is well known for its fancy
flowers. Their seeds are high in protein and provide a great quality of vegetable oil used in
preparing margarine and cooking oil. This oil is good for frying, contributes towards health
benefits and is light in taste.
Edible oil plays an important role in Indian food because it plays an important role in Indian
food. The oil industry in India is divided into three groups according to the technology used.
4
• Ghani is a key technology used to expel oil in the villages.
• Large, sophisticated plants are located in larger cities and target larger markets.
Vanaspati is a "hydrogenated" oil. The first vanaspati factory was established in 1930 and
produced 298 tons. The industry received a premium of 1951 for import duties on World War
II and vanaspati. There were 48 factories with a production capacity of 3.3 lakh tons and a
production capacity of 155,000 tons. Production volume showed an upward trend and
reached 1260,000 tonnes in 1998-99.
Maharashtra has become the largest producer of vanaspati in India, although the industry has
made progress across India. Apart from Maharashtra there are these states which produce
edible oil i.e; Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Andra Pradesh, West Bengal, Karnataka,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. Main centres of edible oil industry being
Chennai, Akola, Modinagar, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Indore and Vadodara.
Production of edible oil falls short of the domestic demand and the country will have to
import oil seeds and edible oil from other countries. When importing edible oil, the prices of
edible oil and their value may vary in foreign countries. Nevertheless, edible oil imports have
risen sharply since 1996.
INDUSTRY CHALLENGES
India is expected to see a significant increase in per capita food oil consumption over the
coming decades as a result of population growth and strong economic growth. To meet the
extended demand for oil imports are taking place which will strongly influence India’s trade
and domestic agricultural policies. Hence it is essential to reduce the dependence on edible
oil imports. This can be achieved by increasing oilseeds production in the country.
5
Lack of adequate seeds multiplication
For the availability of quality seed material there is a constraint of seed multiplication
through foundation and certified stages.
Production in energy shortage the energy-rich cultures of India are growing under the
weight of famine. The low nutrient use of plants decreases the productivity of
oilseeds. All nutrients must be supplied in sufficient quantities to achieve high yields.
Vulnerability to pests and diseases
Among the 65 major diseases which damage the oil seed crops only 16 i.e; 25% of
these diseases can be partially resisted. This indicates the tack of genetic insulation
against the majority of the diseases.
Resource poor farmers
The technologies, new varieties of oilseeds and hybrids are hardly increasing the
production. There doesn’t exist further expansion in the area for farmers to cultivate
oilseed crops.
The technical inefficiency of the oil industry Special attention was given to
developing the technical expertise and expertise needed to disseminate improved
rapeseed technology to field staff and oilseed producers.
Low technology transfer The Indian processing industry faces several challenges,
including obsolete technology, reduced utilization of installed capacity, oil recovery
and higher unit prices. This leads to higher oil costs compared to other countries such
as China and the United States. This is mainly due to the low capacity, low technical
performance and low operating rate.
COMPANY PROFILE
6
Mangalore Port to its factory. The company has also constructed 2 Edible oil storage tanks
with total capacity of 10000 tons at a distance of 3.5 kms from the port. The company also
has a dealership from Suzuki for selling of bikes and scooters at Mangalore.
COMPANY DETAILS
CIN U15122KA2012PTC064680
Company name SRI ANAGHA REFINERIES PRIVATE
LIMITED
Company address S.No. 10/1P, 11/8P, 12/3P, 12/4P, Industrial
Area, Baikampady, Mangaluru, Karnataka-
575001.
Registration number 64680
Class of company Private
Company category Company limited by shares
Company sub-category Non- Govt Company
Date of incorporation 03 July 2012
Age of company 6 years
Activity Production, processing and preservation of
meat fish, fruit, vegetable oil and fats.
Authorised capital Rs. 150,000,000.
Paid up capital Rs. 74,412,801.
Listing status Unlisted
7
PROMOTERS
VISION
“To achieve a passionate commitment to social obligations to the community and improve
the quality of life by promoting sustainable and integrated development"
MISSION
“To act as a facilitator for persons without distinction of class or community, sector, religion,
class or belief in the fields of health, economic well-being and general economic
improvement.”
QUALITY POLICY
The SARPL is committing to the upliftment of the economy by supporting to produce oil of
good quality and continually satisfies customer expectations by timely delivery of good
quality of oil meeting to legal standards by developing a healthy relationship with the
suppliers and motivating the work force to adhere to good manufacturing practices.
8
PRODUCT PROFILE
Sun Premium sunflower oil: It is cold-pressed. Cold presses require a minimum of treatment
to produce a light and rich oil suitable for certain uses of cooking. The procedure involves
degumming, neutralisation, bleaching, dewaxing and deodorisation.
Energy- 900 Kcal, Fat- 100g, Carbohydrates and protein- 0g, Cholesterol- 0 mg
Contains- Vitamin A 750mcg (2500 I.U.) and Vitamin D 5mcg (200 I.U.) per 100g
DEGUMMING NEUTRALISATION
DEWAXING
DEODORISATION
FFA
REFINED OIL
9
Palmjyothi: Crude palm oil is obtained from the hydrolyzed portion of palm oil. The
extracted crude palm oil contains undesirable impurities that must be partially or completely
removed by a purification process to produce a good edible oil. These impurities are
phospholipids, free fatty acids, colored pigments, moisture, oxidizing substances, metallic
impurities and water-soluble impurities.
Energy- 900 Kcal, Fat- 100g, Carbohydrates and protein- 0g, Cholesterol- 0 mg, Saturated
Fatty Acid- 48g, Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid- 41g, Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid- 11g
10
Refining process
BLEACHING
DEODORISATION FFA
AREA OF OPERATION
SARPL established in the year 2012 and covered Dakshina Kannda and Udupi jurisdiction.
The Company’s plant is situated at Industrial area, Baikampady, Mangalore with the plant
capacity of 75 TPD. Presently the company covers the whole of southern part of India which
includes Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu and Andra Pradesh.
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
The company's state-of-the-art production facilities for edible oil refineries are located in the
Mangalore Baikampady Industrial Zone. SARPL has a modern infrastructure to help you
build your product line with the exact specifications required by the market. SARPL has
state-of-the-art processing machines, used for production in accordance with international
quality machines. The company is constructed in an area of 12acres with the plant capacity of
75 TPD and packaging capacity of 500 TPD. The office building of the company is
constructed in about 6000 sq.ft. The plant installed is of latest technology and Government
prescribed. The plant and the office building both have 100% of power backup facility.
SARPL has the quality assurance staff who do their work to the fullest.
11
COMPETITORS
Anagha Refineries Pvt.Ltd- 0.42, Adani Wilmar Ltd- 5.2, Mother Dairy- 4.1, Cargil- 4,
Marico- 3.9, Agro Tech Food Ltd- 4.9, Gokul Refoils and Solvent Ltd- 0.21, JVL Agro
Industries Ltd- 1.4, Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd- 0.2, Sunwaria Agro Oils Ltd- 0.9,
Emami Agro Tech Ltd- .03
Adani Wilmar Ltd is the major player in the edible oil segment because of its brand fortune
and having the turnover of Rs. 22600 crores. The other major players in the market which
give competition to Anagha Refineries Pvt.Ltd are Agro Tech Food Ltd, Gokul Refoils and
Solvent Ltd, JVL Agro Industries Ltd, Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd, Sunwaria Agro Oils Ltd,
Emami Agro Tech Ltd.
These companies are considered as a competition to Anagha Refineries Pvt.Ltd for the
following reason:
12
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
The advantage is defined as the best in the fields of activity where each company can exceed
its competitors.
Strong vision: Company has a vision that does not work as an individual that will
help the economy and develop individually.
Core values: The Company having the core value strong as in it is ethical which acts
as the strength to it.
Strong financial records: The Company has progressed continually without having
any down fall and has made a good financial record.
Uses health platform: People now a days are very much bothered about their health
and the company emphasizing on it benefits the company itself by increase of sakes.
Strong distribution network: Though there is a strong competition existing. The
company has penetrated market and found a good number of distributors to conduct
distribution function for them in their present jurisdiction.
WEAKNESSES
Weaknesses are used to indicate areas in which a business or brand needs to be improved.
Limited market penetration in rural area: The Company is situated in urban area.
The company has not penetrated or bought the awareness of the product in rural area
and the price doesn’t much the expectation of rural population and their standard of
living.
Price of product is slightly high that effect the demand: In the market there are
several edible oil which has slighter low priced with not much difference from the
product of SARPL. This effects the demand of the product.
No other products marketed: The Company is engaged only in refining edible oil
and marketing the same. They haven’t diversified in terms of their product. Whereas
their competitors market even other products.
Low advertising: Since it is a local brand, it can’t match up to the market penetration
of its competitors who are already an international brand.
13
OPPORTUNITIES
Sharp increases in demand of branded oil: Gone are those days of people buying
loose oil from small grocery stores. The development in retail sector has increased the
awareness and demand of branded oil which will create demand for SARPL products.
Health conscious people increasing: The growing population have become
conscious about their health but will not be able to give upon the habits and since the
product is marketed as it has health benefits, both the aspects support each other and
increases the sales.
Product line extension: The Company is just focused on edible oil which has the
potential and opportunities to process and market other food products.
Arrival of new technology: Edible oil industry has constant change in technology of
refining the oil which in turn reduces the cost of processing. By this means the
company has the opportunities of reducing the cost of production.
Loosening of regulations: The opportunities to the company if the Government
loosens the regulations on importing and other aspect will help the company grow
faster and better.
Removal of International trade barriers: This will help the company import more
crude oil and export their products to foreign countries.
Expand geographical presence: Now the company’s jurisdiction is compelled to
southern part of India which even has the opportunities to expand their presence to the
rest of India.
THREATS
Threats are an environmental factor that can affect business growth.
The threats of low price competition: Other brands of this industry have slighter
low price products which effect the demand of SARPL products.
Highly competitive industry: There are more number of entrants and many existing
competitors together are a threat to the company.
Strong competition: There are already international brands in the market which has
better market penetration.
14
People reducing the use of oil due to health reasons: The Company if not able to
convince the market with their intention of selling the oil which has health benefits,
demand for it will surely decrease due to health reason of the market.
New regulations: Any new barriers will affect the production capacity of the
company.
Increased trade barriers: This will affect the procurement of oil and cuts down the
opportunity of expanding internationally.
With the rapid increase in consumption and import of edible oil, the Indian food industry is
experiencing strong growth in this area. India is one of the largest food oil importers in the
world and one of the largest producers of mustard seeds. A relatively strong growth in the
consumption of edible oil. Globally, India stands fourth largest edible oil economy.
Edible oil industry has transformed from unorganised sector to organised sector with the
various national and multi-National brands over ruling the segments. The segment across the
country holds great potential on account of the rising edible oil consumption in India. In
India,
The South Island is the largest edible oil center and there is a wide variety of edible oil in the
country. South and West India is becoming a preferred destination for investors because of its
rapidly developing industrial sector, access to shipment facilities along with preferable agro-
climatic conditions.
One of the refining process SARPL is engaged in is refining of palm oil. Since in India palm
oil is highly consumed because of its industrial utilisation. Palm oil is also used for cooking
purpose in the Southern regions of India due to ease in availability of palm oil and direct
access to shipment and ports. The demand for palm oil has showcased a steady growth during
the previous years. The growth is driven by increasing out of home consumption and raising
per capita income.
15
Projections for the future suggest that this market is poised to grow gradually and steadily
during 2015 to 2019 at a CAGR of 15.2%.
Another refining process in which the company is engaged in is refining of sunflower oil.
Sunflower oil market in India has surged at a noticeable growth rate due to rising income
levels, changing trends of consumer spending, better living standards and raising health
consciousness among domestic consumers. India has a contribution of 1.5% in the global
sunflower oil production with Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Maharashtra being
the major hubs for the sunflower oil production. Sunflower oil one of the most expensive oil
in the country. The urban market contributes more towards the sales of the sunflower oil
compared to the rural market. North India has been the largest consumer of sunflower oil in
India. The domination of North India has been perceived on account of large cluster of urban
population. India has been regarded as one amongst the major producers of sunflower oil.
In the long run, the sunflower oil industry is expected to grow rapidly as a result of rising per
capita income and urban population growth in India.
Projections of the future suggest that this market is poised to grow gradually and steadily
during 2014 to 2019 at a CAGR of 5%.
16
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
NON-CURRENT
LIABILITIES
Long Term Provisions 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.05
17
Total Current 758.33 876.89 1,212.09 1,081.15 882.43
Liabilities
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Inventories 0.00 0.24 0.32 0.94 4.54
18
1.4 Table showing Profit and Loss Account of SARPL (in cr.)
19
CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE
REVIEW
Inventory refers to the sum of items of the type of personal property sold in the ordinary
course of business during the production process for sale. "Stocks are called the blood of life
in the making." However, an excess or insufficiency of stocks will hinder the proper
functioning of production. Inventory plays an important role in the working capital of the
company and helps to maximize the profits of the company.
On the financial side, the term "inventory" refers to "the sum of raw materials, fuel and
lubricants, spare parts, consumables, semi-finished products and finished products at any one
time".
In the accounting sense, the inventory is a set of finished products, production materials,
spare parts, raw materials and products in progress. Inventory costs represent the capital
associated with your business. The company must maintain an appropriate inventory
management system to combine economy and service. To this end, the company is constantly
exposed to new inventory management tools.
Inventory represents a very important part of the total assets of most of the company. In the
past forty years there have been considerably a vast advances in the study of inventory
managed. Inventory management, shipping and warehouse management have also been
improved. All of these factors have increased the company's turnover.
The materials, manufacturing and marketing departments are the three main operating
subsystems of the company. These input purchasing tasks become permanent work and create
an output through sales. Subsystems such as finance and human resources meet the needs of
the three operational subsystems. The system is connected to a chain that generates heat from
the interface. These three subsystems are interdependent because the output of one system
acts as an input for another system. By maintaining an adequate stocks, the lines can be
balanced. It has to be maintained in a way that breakdown in any sub-system must not affect
the other sub-system.
20
Inventory types
On the basis of the usage of the inventory they are been classified. This classification will
help the management to take the decision of which tool to use to control the inventory.
Raw materials
The raw materials enter into mass production and are converted into output. When the supply
goes down, the production line becomes inactive and its meaning is easy to understand. The
supply of raw materials affects the turnaround time, depending on whether the local
distributor or a foreign vendor provides it. The level of holding of raw materials even
depends on Government restrictions and credit situations.
Consumables
They are substances that act as catalysts in production processes and are not directly reflected
in the results. Their duty is to look after the smooth functioning of the production process.
Bought-out components
Companies in the engineering and consumer goods sector do not always produce 100% of
their production from raw materials. Sometimes you find that it is cheaper and more
convenient to buy inventory from regular suppliers. This helps you focus on critical parts and
assemblies.
Work-in-progress
It acts as a buffer within the manufacturing subsystem itself, including groups of machines
and assembly lines, also known as work subsystems. The raw material must undergo a
combination of operations before taking the form of a product.
Finished goods
They act as a buffer between the production and marketing departments. The consumption of
this stock depends on the market. The inventory of finished products is managed by the
marketing department of the company.
Spares
It alone retains an important type of inventory. Their consumption patterns are different from
other stocks. The stocking policies are different. The usage of spare parts differ from industry
to industry.
21
Objectives of inventory management
The goal is to balance the need to minimize investments and extend the delivery time.
To effectively manage your company's inventory, you need to use a systematic approach to
inventory management. The system approach takes into account all factors that affect the
inventory in a model. A model called a system can group multiple subsystems to achieve a
single goal. This aims to minimise the cost. The systems and sub-systems are as follows:
22
Perpetual inventory system
Continuous stock taking system
Two bin system
Statistical inventory control system
Ordering cycle system
Mini max system
Budgetary control system
Ordering system
ABC Analysis
X-Y-Z Analysis
S-D-E Analysis
M-N-G Analysis
F-S-N Analysis
HML Analysis
VED Analysis
G-NG-LF Analysis/ GOLF Analysis
S-OS Analysis
ABC Analysis
It refers to a very important principle, "minority minority". Statistics show that only a small
number of items make up the bulk of annual material expenditures. Some of these elements
are called "A" elements and play a key role in your business. Other items called "B" and "C"
are many but less important. This analysis divides all articles into three categories: A, B and
C. Based on annual usage. This allows leaders to pay attention to the most important
inventories.
Item 'A' - 20% of items represent 70% of the annual consumption value of the item
Item "B" - 30% of items represent 25% of the annual consumption value of the item
Item "C" - 50% of items represent 5% of the annual consumption value of the item
Item A, In general, 5 to 10% of all items rarely account for 70 to 75% of the total amount of
material consumed.
23
Item B: Typically 10-15% of total items and 10-15% of total material expenses.
Item C: The quantity (90% of total items) is high and low (5 to 10% of total annual
equipment expenses), and it is not important that the items do not require complete
management.
A item
B item
These elements are not as important as the elements A, but they are more important
than the elements C.
Since the material is between A and C, any inclusion in Category A or Category C is
monitored.
C item
These elements are less important than the other two categories.
They are reordered as and when required to be made a real purchase.
These items are of low demand which in turn is purchased only when it is stocked out.
ABC analyzes are widely used in supply chain management, inventory identification
and inventory systems, implemented with cycle counting systems.
Very useful for reducing working capital and shipping costs.
It is advisable to keep working capital available without being linked to stocks posing
a risk to health.
Helps companies keep track of the value of their assets at the same time, as they
become more able to identify their inventory and maintain control over valuable
products.
24
Also reconcile the order process and secure the inventory to secure the inventory.
Category C items move slowly and do not need to be rearranged at the same
frequency as items A and B.
When raw materials fall into this category, you can tell wholesalers and distributors
which items require inventory and can be replaced.
Advantages of implementing ABC Analysis method of inventory control
Using this method, you can control expensive items in which a large amount of
capital is invested.
With this method, items that do not need to be pinched can be out of stock and always
at the optimal stock level.
Maintain higher inventory turnover by systematically controlling inventory.
Save money with this tool.
There are provisions that will have enough C elements to be retained without
compromising larger products.
For this method to be effective and the desired results to be achieved, materials should
be standardized in the store.
The analysis requires a good coding system to work.
Since this method focuses on the cost savings associated with inventory conservation,
it probably ignores other more important factors for your business.
Conclusion
This model works by paying attention to important elements or certain important elements
and by not paying unnecessary attention to unimportant elements. Each category has its own
meaning.
Prioritizing attention and attention is focused on identifying and controlling costs in the
supply chain system. In order to obtain the best results from this model, special attention
should be paid to expensive items.
25
Create two item lists. One list for the items that are purchased and the other one for
manufactured items. This way a complete look at the highest, mid-range and low costs in
each category is obtained. Because the annual cost of the manufactured items are higher than
that of the purchased items.
Step 2: Collect the standard cost and annual usage of data for all the purchased items.
Create three columns. The first column is to enter the part numbers or names. The second one
is to enter the unit cost of each listed inventory item. The third column Is to enter the annual
demand for each of the listed item.
Next, create a forth column for the calculation of annual expenditure. To get this number,
simply multiply the unit cost of the item with its annual demand. This will give the annual
expenditure of each item.
Sort the annual expenditure in descending order so that the highest annual expenditure value
are on the top.
The next step is to calculate the cumulative annual expenditure. It is simply the running total
of each item’s annual expenditure that accumulates to equal the total annual expenditure of
all the items. For each row, the cumulative running total should be equal to the sum of the
annual spend of all items before it, when sorted by annual expenditure in descending order.
To determine which parts should be classified as class A items, you must first find the point
that acts as a threshold for 80% of the total annual expenditure.
Target total annual expenditure threshold (A items) = Total annual expenditure for all
purchased items x 80%
Round the calculated target total annual expenditure down to the nearest ones to see the
general estimate of the threshold. That is, in order to be considered as the A items.
Compare the cumulative annual expenditure with the target. Find the first row greater than
the target acts as your first estimate of the cut-off point for an item to be considered class A.
26
Compare the annual expenditure of the items on the threshold between class A and class B. if
there is not a significant difference between the two items on either side of the threshold,
raise or lower the threshold as needed as that there is a meaningful gap between where A
items end and B items begin.
Class B items will represent the next 15% of the total annual expenditure.
Target total annual expenditure (B items) = Total annual expenditure for all purchased items
x 95%
This estimated cut-off may include some of designated class A items depending on how the
threshold is adjusted manually. A meaningful adjustment needs to be done to find the cut-off
point. Designate the appropriate non-A items.
All remaining items that do not meet the requirements to classified as class A or class B are
simply labelled with a ‘C’ in the ABC classification column.
27
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW WITH RESEARCH GAP
28
to their stage in the life cannot make
cycle helps managers to decisions on the
choose and calibration initial orders. It
of models for each item. cannot manage
The term ‘model’ is not the stock of
just the procedure of future demand.
inventory control, but
also helps to the
decision of initial
orders, final order and
disposal including the
demand forecasting
method.
4.K. V. A study on inventory This job involves The study in
Sunitha(2012) management in keeping an accurate hand doesn’t not
Sujana metal record of the finished believe that the
products limited product ready for system of
shipment. Demand and inventory
supply are in a subtle management
equilibrium and stock must include any
management is hoping high quality
the balance will not be software.
distributed. Highly
qualified inventory
management and high
quality software can
help you manage your
inventory successfully.
5.Surabhi Dwivedi, Inventory The study points out The study in
Arun kumar , Preeti Management: A that ABC analysis is a hand focus not
kothiyal (2012) Tool of identifying feasible and effective just on the
items that need technology for finished goods
greater attention for inventory management. but also on the
29
control This will help improve procurement of
the availability of raw materials for
medicines. It identifies the production.
drugs that require strict
control for optimal use
of resources.
6.Lawrence Inventory This approach implies The study in
Imeokparia (2013) management system that inventory hand neither
and performance of reservations often put depends on the
food and beverages pressure on third-party customer
companies in logistics service feedback nor
Nigeria providers who expect involve them.
customers to meet
inventory requirements
and face inventory
management issues
directly.
7.Md. Sakil Ibne A study on Organized and The study in
Sayeed (2013) warehouse efficiently managed hand doesn’t not
management of REB warehouses can enable consider the
the proper management distribution of
of materials and procured raw
responsibilities at the material.
right time, if any, in the
right conditions.
Maximum profitability
with minimal
investment due to the
cost of orders and
shipping of materials to
all user departments.
Provides service and
control functions for the
30
material flow into and
out of the enterprise.
8.Eleonora Kontus Management of The study included a The study in
(2014) inventory in a new mathematical hand does not
company model to calculate the require any
net savings resulting mathematical
from changes to the tool. Doesn’t
inventory policy. This make any
study shows the changes in
relationship between the inventory policy
independent variables and classifies the
that determine net item without any
savings as a dependent dependence of
variable due to changes the item on each
in the inventory policy. other.
This template is used to
modify the inventory
policy.
9.Serhii Ziukov A literature review This study has The study in has
(2015) on models of published a review of the inventory
inventory the literature on system under
management under inventory management control.
uncertainty models under
uncertainty. The
existence of these two
models shows that
fuzzy set theory is one
of the appropriate
methods.
10.Lilian Tundura, Effect of inventory This study attempted to The study in
Daniel Wanyoike control strategies on evaluate the impact of hand is not
(2016) inventory record cycle recordings on the influenced by
accuracy in Kenya accuracy of inventory any stage of
31
power company, records at Kenya Power cycle counting
Nakuru in Nakuru. The results and has no harm
of the study confirm on the accuracy
that cycle accounting on the inventory
has a significant records.
positive impact on
inventory accuracy.
Therefore, this study
concluded that periodic
calculations are a
determining factor in
the accuracy of
inventory records.
11.Roselyne Inventory Studies have concluded The study in
Wanjiku Gitau management that there is a hand uses ABC
(2016) practices and significant relationship Analysis whereas
organizational between inventory the comparative
productivity in management practices one relies on
parastatals in Kenya in parastatals in Kenya EOQ method of
and organizational inventory
productivity. control.
12.Stephen Aro- Contemporary This research attempted The study in
Gordon (2016) inventory to study and summarize hand is discrete
management inventory management with the decision
techniques: a as a major management to be made on the
conceptual concern. Twelve viable classification of
investigation options related to the items to enter the
operation of warehouses production and
and stores. You can doesn’t consider
increase your bottom the services to
line by offering customers and
affordable storage, stakeholders.
product, materials and
32
services to your
customers and
stakeholders as quickly
as possible.
33
benefit should be inventory.
considered.
15.Irem Yavuz, A literature review The study tells that the The study in
Merve Şanlı, of visual inventory inventory management hand will not
Muhammed Turgut management system requires require much of
(2017) investment and time. investment and
All the information time if
regarding the same must information
be maintained to use it recorded as the
as and when required. purchases are
This reduces the time made.
consumption and
unnecessary investment.
17.Pratap A study on inventory From the study it is The study in
Chandrakumar, management and shown that buying of hand is similar
Gomathi Shankar control materials and shortage one with but not
(2017) occurs due to improper in case of the
way of forecasting the software used to
demand. ABC analysis know the
is carried to find out the importance of
materials which are each item.
moves fast and
important to the
company and which is
differs from sales and
volume in the
inventory.
18.Atnafu, Balda The impact of This study describes the The study in
(2018) inventory relationship between hand is not
management inventory management dependable on
practice on firms’ practices, competitive the competitors’
competitiveness and advantage and inventory
organizational organizational management and
34
performance: performance. This study is independent.
Empirical evidence suggests that improving
from micro and competitive advantage
small enterprises in and organizational
Ethiopia performance can
improve inventory
management practices.
19.Noucaiba Sbai, A literature review This article presents a The study in
Abdelaziz Berrado on multi-echelon review of the literature hand doesn’t
(2018) inventory on multistep inventory have the
management problems. Depending confusion in
on your network choosing the
architecture, your suppliers and
system may involve customers. The
multiple vendors and finite decision is
customers. This model made using the
is useful for decision- model which
makers to find gives a clear
alternatives for picture to the
choosing the right Manger of the
multi-step inventory inventory
system. control.
20.Xiaoting Hu Research on This study shows that The study in
(2019) customer geographic there is a positive hand is not
proximity and relationship between dependable on
inventory geographic proximity the geographic
management- and stock control levels. proximity instead
empirical evidence The higher the it relies on the
from Chinese geographic proximity of production
manufacturing listed the customer, the lower capacity of the
companies the inventory rate, the company which
higher the stock indirectly
turnover rate. dependable on
35
the demand.
36
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH DESIGN
Since the inventory control is important and it’s contributes for cost reduction, the
organisation need to adopt the various control techniques of inventory. It helps to reduce the
material handling time, handling cost and also reduces the obsolescence. Many researchers
conducted the research on this by using many techniques. But a very less people has done
research on this topic using ABC analysis. So I found a lot of grey area in this field.
Therefore I choose this problem “A Study on ABC Analysis with reference to Sri Anagha
Refineries Pvt. Ltd. Mangaluru”.
Inventories play vital role in production of edible oil. The inventory ensures operation
smoothness. In most companies, a significant portion of the capital is invested in stocks. Most
stocks account for about 60% of total liquid assets. As a result, the company's management
needs to focus on effective inventory regulation to optimize working capital.
Stocks must be well managed to prevent leakage, corruption and deterioration, aging
and material waste.
We aim to improve material handling, reduce material costs, increase production and
generate huge profits.
The company needs inventory for a smooth activity.
Inventory management aims to ensure sufficient availability of equipment and quality,
where appropriate, and minimize investments in inventory assets. Proper inventory
management and management is therefore essential.
It accounts for about 60% of total liquid assets. As a result, the company's
management needs to focus on effective inventory regulation to optimize working
capital.
To study the impact of ABC inventory control technique on reducing inventory handling cost.
37
To summarize findings, conclusion and to recommend the suggestion.
Research methodology
For the study descriptive methodology has been adopted. Since the data is extracted from the
records of the company the descriptive method will be appropriate to solve the problem.
Primary data
Secondary data
Primary data collected by interacting with the purchasing manager and the account manager.
Ancillary data comes from the company's historical archives and files, financial statements,
journals and the Internet.
Location of the study: The study was conducted at Sri Anagha Refineries Pvt. Ltd.
Sampling design
Limitations:
38
CHAPTER SCHEME
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
This chapter includes introduction to the project study, industry profile and the company
profile which includes information about promoters, vision, mission and quality policy,
product profile, area of operation, infrastructure facilities, competitors’ information, SWOT
analysis, future growth and prospects and financial statement.
This chapter includes theoretical background of the study and twenty literature review with
the research gap.
This chapter includes the statement of the problem, need for the study, objectives, scope of
the study, research methodology and limitations.
This chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the data collected in tabulated form with
graphs.
This chapter includes summary of findings, conclusion and suggestions to the company.
39
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Table showing calculation of ABC Analysis for the year 2018
40
4.1 Graph showing ABC Analysis for the year 2018
6.25
6.25
87.5
Interpretation
Palm loose falls under A category, crude sunflower oil is a B category item and the rest items
from item no R3 to item no R16 are all category C item.
A Items are subject to rigorous inventory management and are very safe in storage.
41
4.2 Table showing calculation of ABC Analysis for the year 2017
42
4.2 Graph showing ABC Analysis for the year 2017
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 6.25 6.25
0
Category A Category B Category C
Interpretation
Palm loose falls under A category, crude sunflower oil is a B category item and the rest items
from item no R3 to item no R16 are all category C item.
A items are subjected to strict inventory control and are given highly secured areas in terms
of storage.
B items are not as important as the A items but are more important than C items.
43
4.3 Table showing calculation of ABC Analysis for the year 2016
44
4.3 Graph showing ABC Analysis for the year 2016
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
6.25 6.25
10
Interpretation
Palm loose falls under A category, crude sunflower oil is a B category item and the rest items
from item no R3 to item no R16 are all category C item.
A items are subjected to strict inventory control and are given highly secured areas in terms
of storage.
B items are not as important as the A items but are more important than C items.
45
4.4 Table showing calculation of ABC Analysis for the year 2015
46
4.4 Graph showing ABC Analysis for the year 2015
90
87.5
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
6.25 6.25
0
Category A Category B Category C
Interpretation
Palm loose falls under A category, crude sunflower oil is a B category item and the rest items
from item no R3 to item no R16 are all category C item.
A items are subjected to strict inventory control and are given highly secured areas in terms
of storage.
B items are not as important as the A items but are more important than C items.
47
4.5 Table showing calculation of ABC Analysis for the year 2014
48
4.5 Graph showing ABC Analysis for the year 2014
Category C 87.5
Category B 6.25
Category A 6.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Interpretation
Palm loose falls under A category, crude sunflower oil is a B category item and the rest items
from item no R3 to item no R16 are all category C item.
A items are subjected to strict inventory control and are given highly secured areas in terms
of storage.
B items are not as important as the A items but are more important than C items.
49
CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Findings
The study found that category A items accounted for 6.25% of the total cost of
materials.
Loose palms are found to belong to one category.
Class B items represent 6.25% of the total cost of materials.
Crude oil is class B
Category C items represent 87.5% of the total cost of materials.
It is found Empty tins, Films palm jyothi (1 ltr), Palm jyothi 1 ltr CG box, Films palm
jyothi (1/2 ltr), Films sun premium sunflower (1 ltr), Sun premium 1 ltr CG box, Palm
jyothi ½ ltr CG box, Shrink film sheets, Films sun premium sunflower (1/2 ltr), 5 ltr
empty jar, Bopp tape, Sun premium CG box B5x4 ltr jar, Sun premium ½ ltr CG box,
Tin caps belong to C category.
It shows that the categorization technique used for material management where
accuracy and control increases from C to A.
These items require frequent reorders. They are been prioritized and made sure there
will not exist any unavailability of A items.
Important notes exist between A and C, so they are monitored for possible inclusion
in Category A or Category C.
They reorganize when and when they have to make a real purchase. These items are
only purchased if stocks are insufficient due to low demand.
Conclusion
Inventory management plays a key role in the success of the business. This task mainly
concerns the purchase of production equipment, which is an integral part of inventory
management. In a construction environment, organizations need to balance their large
inventories and inventory costs. In this study, this analysis proved beneficial in the
management of materials for all raw materials. It helps you understand issues related to
security purchases and inventories.
50
products. Inventories avoid unpredictable risks related to fluctuations in utilization and
delivery (preventative motives) in order to take advantage of the fluidity of production and
commercial operations (motivation of trading) and price fluctuations (speculative
motivation).
The ABC model works by paying attention to important elements or certain important
elements and by not paying unnecessary attention to non-critical elements or small elements.
Each category has different administrative controls. This prioritization of interests and
priorities is important for identifying and controlling costs in the supply chain system. For
best results, it is important to pay close attention to expensive items.
Suggestions
The company must provide adequate knowledge and training to untrained employees
to work in the store.
Items in the store must be placed in the correct order and taken into account.
You must have a good waste register.
The store manager must provide adequate knowledge of engineering and raw
materials.
The company must have competent staff in the department stores.
Human Resources Managers must listen to complaints from store staff and they can
tell where the hole is.
The company must include canteen facilities in the Company premises.
51
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Webliography
https://www.niir.org
www.oilmillmachinerysupliers.com
shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
www.yourarticlelibraury.com
www.mnit.ac.in
https://nmoop.gov.in
theindianlawyer.in
www.kof.co.in
https://www.zaubacorp.com
httpa://www.oilexpeller.com
https://www.kenresearch.com
https://cleartax.in
https://falconfastening.com
Journals
Articles
Zahrn, F. C. (2009). Studies of inventory control and capacity planning with multiple
sources (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology).
Jose Roberto do Rego, Marco Aurelio de Mesquita. (2010). Spare parts inventory
control.
SUNITHA, K. (2012). A STUDY ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN SUJANA
METAL PRODUCTS LIMITED (Doctoral dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University).
Md. Sakil Ibne Sayeed. (2013). A study on warehouse management of REB ( Doctoral
dissertation, BRAC University).
Eleonora Kontus. (2014). Management of inventory in a company.
Gitau, R. W. (2016). Inventory Management Practices and Organizational
Productivity in Parastatals in Kenya. Unpublished MBA Project, University of
Nairobi.
Aro-Gordon, S., & Gupte, J. (2016, January). Contemporary Inventory Management
Techniques: A Conceptual Investigation. In Proceedings of the International
Conference on Operations Management and Research (pp. 21-22).
Irem Yavuz, Merve Şanlı, Muhammed Turgut. (2017). A literature review of visual
inventory management. p.56.
Pratap Chandrakumar, Gomathi Shankar. (2017). A study on inventory management
and control. p. 1532.
ANNEXURE
Item Raw Unit cost Unit cost Unit cost Unit cost Unit cost
No material 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
(Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.)
R1 Palm loose 71.9884 65.55 63.21 60.351 60
R2 Crude 67.9279 65.92 64.31 62.1 62
sunflower
oil
R3 Empty tins 68.4998 66.595 65.6 63.12 62.16
R4 Films palm 168.9413 164.5 162.6 161.7 160
jyothi (1 ltr)
R5 Palm jyothi 10.9 10.8 10.6 10.5 10.5
1 ltr CG box
R6 Films palm 185.9995 178.95 175.36 174.31 172.5
jyothi (1/2
ltr)
R7 Films sun 221.6579 220.2515 219.561 218.53 217.8
premium
sunflower (1
ltr)
R8 Sun 14.2499 14.152 14.136 13.91 13.8
premium 1
ltr CG box
R9 Palm jyothi 11.5999 11.55 11.51 11.2 11
½ ltr CG
box
R10 Shrink film 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2
sheets
R11 Films sun 221.2298 220.25 219.34 218.33 217.62
premium
sunflower
(1/2 ltr)
R12 5 ltr empty 28.5357 27.558 25.12 24.126 23.63
jar
R13 Bopp tape 0.3251 0.3155 0.3056 0.301 0.3
R14 Sun 42 42 41.56 40.316 40
premium
CG box
B5x4 ltr jar
R15 Sun 10.8792 10.758 10.21 10 10
premium ½
ltr CG box
R16 Tin caps 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.4 0.4
55
Annual demand for raw materials in SARPL
56
ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
l+t.
ACHARYA
DEPARTMENT OF MBA
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
WEEK WORK UNDERTAKEN GUIDE GUIDE
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
3rd Jan 2019 - 9th Industry Profile and Company
Jan 2019 Profile
Preparation of Research
10th Jan 2019 -
instrument for data
17th Jan 2019
collection
18 th Jan 2019 -
Data collection
25 th Jan 2019
.
1t!~;r.~t;:g?~~;~dj I ~-
~,-~1 r~I~J j:-ist!,tt~t0 cf Tect-1:1-:\~-
'.:--J-: ...}~;~
J(~:r-t~iri!U, Bsrtgslorc-560 1 v .