AZAMGARH PUBLIC

SCHOOL

KOTILA CHECK POST, AZAMGARH

SESSION: 2022-23

ENGLISH PRACTICAL FILE

Child Labor

SUBMITTED BY:- SUBMITTED TO:-

Himanshu Yadav Mr. PRAVEEN KUMAR

XII- PCM (PGT, ENGLISH)
ROLL No -
______________
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the contents of
this project file is submitted by
Himanshu Yadav of class XII for the
subject English is his bonafide work
submitted to Azamgarh Public School
for fulfilment of the requirements for
CBSE examinations of class XII. The
project has been completed under the
guidance and supervision of Mr. Praveen.
I certify that the project is up to my
expectations and can be submitted for
evaluation. 
TEACHER SIGN. PRINCIPAL SIGN.

_______________
_____________
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr.
Praveen Kumar and our principal Ms.
Huma Waseem who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this project on the
topic CHILD LABOR. It helped
me in doing a lot of research and I came
to know about many things related to
this topic.
Finally, I would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.
 INDEX
Definition:
Causes of child labor
Consequences of child labor
Laws that regulate the child labor
The role of international organizations and
NGOs
Personal and societal responsibilities
Conclusion
 Child labor
Definition:Child labor is defined as work that is mentally,
physically, socially or morally harmful to children, and that
interferes with their education and development. It can take
many forms, including full-time or part-time work, as well as
unpaid work, such as household chores.
There are several types of work that are considered harmful to
children:
 Hazardous work: This refers to work that is dangerous or
unhealthy for children, and that exposes them to risks such
as accidents, injury, or illness. Examples include work in
mines, factories, or on construction sites, as well as work
with pesticides or chemicals.
 Forced labor:This refers to work that is performed under
threat or coercion, and that deprives children of their
freedom and autonomy. This can include forms of slavery,
such as human trafficking and debt bondage, as well as
other forms of exploitation, such as sexual exploitation or
forced begging.
 Illegal work: This refers to work that is forbidden by law,
such as work that is done by children under the minimum
age for employment, or work that is related to illegal
activities, such as drug trafficking or prostitution.
 Work that interferes with education: This refers to work
that takes up so much time and energy that it prevents
children from attending school or receiving an education.
It's important to note that not all work done by children is
considered child labor. The United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child defines child labor as work that is harmful to
children, and that interferes with their education and
development. In order to be considered child labor, the work
must meet one of the criteria listed above
Causes of child labor
There are many factors that can contribute to the prevalence of
child labor:
 Poverty: One of the main causes of child labor is poverty.
Children who live in poverty are often forced to work in order to
survive, or to help support their families. They may be unable to
afford to go to school, and may see work as their only option.
 Lack of access to education: In some parts of the world,
children may not have access to education due to lack of
resources or infrastructure, such as schools or teachers. When
children are unable to attend school, they may be forced to work
in order to contribute to their families' income.
 Cultural and social norms: In some cultures and societies, it is
seen as normal or even necessary for children to work in order to
support their families. This can be especially true in rural areas,
where children may be expected to help with agricultural or other
household tasks from a young age.
 Demand for cheap labor: Some industries, such as agriculture,
manufacturing, and mining, rely on cheap labor to keep costs
down. Children may be seen as an attractive source of labor
because they are cheaper and more pliable than adults.
 Lack of enforcement: In some countries, there may be laws in
place that prohibit child labor, but they are not enforced, allowing
the practice to continue.
 Political instability: In countries that are experiencing conflict or
political instability, children may be forced to work in order to
survive, or to support their families during times of crisis.
Consequences of child labor
Child labor can have serious consequences for the health, education, and
well-being of children. Some of the negative impacts of child labor include:

 Physical harm: Children who work in hazardous conditions, such as

mines, factories, or on construction sites, are at risk of accidents, injuries,
and illness. They may be exposed to dangerous machinery, chemicals, or
other hazards that can cause serious physical harm.

 Mental harm: Children who work long hours and are subjected to abuse
or exploitation may suffer from mental health problems, such as anxiety,
depression, and stress. They may also be at risk of psychological trauma,
such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

 Deprivation of education: Children who work instead of going to school

are denied the opportunity to receive an education, which can have long-
term consequences for their future prospects and well-being.

 Exploitation: Some forms of child labor, such as forced labor, sexual

exploitation, and debt bondage, are forms of exploitation that deprive
children of their freedom and dignity. Children who are exploited may be
subjected to abuse, violence, and other forms of mistreatment.

 Interference with development: Child labor can interfere with children's

physical and cognitive development, as well as their social and emotional
development. It can also hinder their ability to form relationships and
participate in age-appropriate activities.
Laws that regulate the child labor
Some National and international laws regulate the child labor.
1. NATIONAL
 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act,
1986: This act prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 14 in certain
hazardous occupations and processes, and
regulates the working conditions of children in
other occupations. It also provides for the
rehabilitation of children who have been rescued
from child labor.
 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of
Children) Act, 2015: This act provides for the
care, protection, and rehabilitation of children in
conflict with the law, and children in need of care
and protection. It also prohibits the employment
of children in hazardous occupations and processes.
 Right to Education Act, 2009: This act provides for the right to free and
compulsory education for all children between the ages of 6 and 14. It
also prohibits the employment of children in any capacity, including as
domestic help, during school hours.
 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2017: This
act prohibits the employment of children under the age of 14 in all
occupations and processes, except in cases of family-based work or in
the entertainment industry. It also provides for stricter penalties for
employers who violate the law.
 The Bonded Labor System (Abolition) Act, 1976: This act provides for
the rehabilitation of bonded laborers, including children, and prohibits the
creation of new bonds of labor.
 The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and
Conditions of Service) Act, 1979: This act regulates the employment
and conditions of service of inter-state migrant workers, including
children, and provides for their welfare.
 The Mines Act, 1952: This act prohibits the employment of children
under the age of 18 in mines.
 The Factories Act, 1948: This act regulates the working conditions and
hours of work of children in factories, and prohibits their employment in
certain hazardous processes.
  The Plantations Labor Act, 1951: This act regulates the working
conditions and hours of work of children in plantations, and prohibits their
employment in certain hazardous processes.

2. International laws
 International Labor Organization (ILO) Minimum Age Convention,
1973 (No. 138): This convention sets the minimum age for employment
at 15 years, although it allows for a lower minimum age of 13 years in
developing countries under certain circumstances. It also prohibits the
worst forms of child labor, such as slavery, forced labor, and the use of
children in illicit activities.
 ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, 1999 (No. 182): This
convention defines the worst forms of child labor as those that are
particularly hazardous or exploitative, and it requires countries to take
immediate and effective measures to eliminate them. It also requires
countries to provide assistance and support to children who have been
removed from these forms of child labor.
 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989: This
convention sets out the rights of children and defines the minimum age
for work at 18 years, except for light work that does not interfere with
children's education or development. It also requires countries to take
measures to protect children from exploitation and abuse.

The role of international organizations and NGOs in

combatting child labor.
International organizations and NGOs strive to eradicate child labor and
safeguard the rights of minors by promoting the implementation of more
stringent laws and policies, conducting research and surveillance,
disseminating information to the general public and policymakers, providing
direct assistance to children, and collaborating with other relevant parties.
They may also advocate for the enforcement of existing laws and regulations.
These organizations may furnish medical care, education, and vocational
training to children who have been rescued from child labor, and may work
with communities to furnish support and resources that can aid in preventing
child labor, such as income-generating opportunities or access to education.
By increasing awareness of the detrimental effects of child labor and the
significance of protecting children's rights, these organizations can help to
bring about social and cultural transformation and create a world in which all
children have the opportunity to reach their full potential.
Grassroots and community-based efforts to end child
labor and protect the rights of children.

 Grassroots and community-

based efforts are important
for ending child labor and
protecting the rights of
children. These efforts can
take many forms, including:
 Community organizing:
Grassroots organizations
may work with communities
to build awareness about
the issue of child labor and to mobilize people to advocate for
change. They may also work with communities to develop and
implement strategies to prevent child labor and to protect the rights of
children.
 Education and vocational training: Some grassroots organizations
provide education and vocational training to children who have been
rescued from child labor or who are at risk of being exploited. This
can help to provide children with the skills and knowledge they need
to break the cycle of poverty and to build better lives for themselves
and their families.
 Income-generation: Grassroots organizations may also work with
communities to provide income-generation opportunities, such as
microfinance loans or skills training. This can help to reduce the
economic pressures that can lead to child labor, and it can provide
families with an alternative source of income.
 Advocacy and lobbying: Grassroots organizations may also advocate
for stronger laws and policies to prevent child labor and protect the
rights of children. They may lobby governments and other decision-
makers to bring about change, and they may work with international
organizations and NGOs to raise awareness and build support for
their efforts.
 Collaboration and networking: Grassroots organizations may also
collaborate and network with other organizations and stakeholders to
share knowledge, resources, and expertise, and to amplify their
impact. By working together, they can leverage their collective power
and influence to bring about lasting change.
Personal and societal responsibilities for addressing the
issue of child labor.

There are several personal and societal responsibilities for addressing

the issue of child labor. Some of these include:
 As individuals, we have a responsibility to educate ourselves about the
issue of child labor and to advocate for the rights of children. We can
learn more about the causes and consequences of child labor, and we
can raise awareness among our friends, family, and community. We
can also support organizations that are working to end child labor and
protect the rights of children, either through financial donations or by
volunteering our time and skills.
 As consumers, we have a responsibility to be mindful of the products
we buy and the companies we support. We can choose to buy
products that are made ethically and sustainably, and we can avoid
products that may have been produced using child labor. We can also
use our purchasing power to send a message to companies that we
will not support practices that exploit or harm children.
 As citizens, we have a responsibility to advocate for policies and laws
that protect children's rights and prevent child labor. We can write to
our representatives, attend public meetings and hearings, and
participate in grassroots campaigns and movements to bring about
change.
 As a society, we have a responsibility to address the root causes of
child labor, such as poverty and lack of access to education. We can
support initiatives that aim to reduce poverty and increase access to
education, and we can work to create a more equitable and inclusive
society that values and protects the rights of all children.
 Conclusion
Child labor has been a persistent problem in India, despite efforts to
eliminate it. According to data from the International Labor
Organization (ILO), in 2020, there were an estimated 4.35 million
children in India who were engaged in child labor. This represents a
decline from 5.75 million children in 2016, but it is still a significant
number. Children in India are often forced to work in hazardous
industries, such as agriculture, construction, and manufacturing, and
they may be subjected to abuse, exploitation, and other forms of
mistreatment.
Over the years, there have been several efforts to address the issue of
child labor in India. In 1986, the Indian government enacted the Child
Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, which prohibited the
employment of children below the age of 14 in certain hazardous
occupations and processes, and regulated the working conditions
of children in other occupations. In 2017, the government passed the
Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, which
prohibited the employment of children under the age of 14 in all
occupations and processes, except in cases of family-based work or in
the entertainment industry. The act also provided for stricter penalties for
employers who violate the law.
n addition to legislation, there have also been various initiatives and
programs aimed at preventing child labor and protecting the rights of
children in India. These have included education and vocational training,
poverty reduction programs, and social and cultural change campaigns.
While there have been some successes in reducing the prevalence of
child labor in India
References
www.google.com
www.wikipidea.com
www.openAi.com/gpt3