Oral Communication

An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect.
Speech Act
According to ________, there are 3 types of acts in every utterance, given the right
circumstances or context.
J.L Austin
Is the actual act of uttering.

Locutionary Act
Is the social function of what is said.

Illocutionary Act
Is the resulting act of what is said.

Perlocutionary Act
This occurs when there is no direct connection between the form of utterance and the
intended meaning.
Indirect Speech Act
Statements which enable the speaker to perform something just by stating it. Results a
change in the world.
Performatives
Who classified illocutionary acts into five distinct categories?

John Searle
A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses belief about the truth of
proposition. Examples are suggesting, putting forward, swearing.
Assertive
A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an
action. Examples are asking, ordering, requesting.
Directive
A type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in the future.
Examples are promising, planning, vowing, and betting.
Commissive
A type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional
reactions. Examples are thanking, apologizing, welcoming, and deploring.
Expressive
A type of illocutionary act which brings a change in the external situation. Examples are
blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, and passing a sentence.
Declaration
A speaker carries out to collaboratively and productively establish a topic. You try to open a
topic with the people you are talking to.
Nomination
Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. You are typically given a specific
instructions that you must follow.
Restriction
Process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.

Turn-Taking
When a topic is initiated, it should be collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary

interruptions and topic shifts.
Topic Control
Moving from one topic to another.

Topic Shifting
Speakers address the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending that they may
encounter in a conversation.
Repair
Refers to the conversation participants’ close initiating expressions that end a topic in a
conversation.
Termination
Speech according to purpose.

Informative, Entertainment, Persuasive.
Speech according to delivery.

Manuscript, Memorized, Impromptu, and Extemporaneous.
These are speeches about objects or people, processes, events, concepts. To inform and
provide knowledge to the listeners.
Informative Speech
Aim to share goodwill, joy, and pleasure to the audience. To make the audience relax, enjoy,
and even laugh.
Entertainment Speech
To influence the thoughts, feelings, actions, and behaviors or attitudes of your listeners.
Persuasive Speech
Writing and delivering a speech word for word. You read or glace upon your manuscript or a
copy of speech while delivering it.
Manuscript Speech
Requires you to commit the speech to memory so that you do not bring your notes when
delivering it.
Memorized Speech
Delivered with little or no time for preparation. You are called to speak at the spur of the
moment because you are expected to be knowledgeable about the subject.
Impromptu Speech
Planned and prepared speech. Delivered with the help of short notes and clear outlines.
More spontaneous and personal.
Extemporaneous Speech
This refers to the speaker’s skill in pronouncing the words of the speech since clear diction
effectively transmits the message.
Articulation
This refers tp the speaker’s ability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of one’s
voice.
Modulation
This refers to the speaker’s ability to own the stage, filling it with one’s personality and
projecting it to the audience or group of listeners.
Stage Presence
Are meaningful visible symbols of speech. This reflects to the sp[eaker’s thinking and
emotional attitudes.
Facial Expression
Are supplements to good speech with its being transformed into actual replacements for the
audible code.
Movement/ Bodily Actions
Te speaker appears incapable of movement.

Statue/Stone
The speaker paces and walks from one side of the platform to the other and back.
Pacer
The speaker rhythmically moves his body from side to side or forward and backward
followed by the shifting of weight.
Swayer
Are purposive movements of some parts of the body, but not the entire body. These include
movements of heads, shoulders, arms, and occasionally feet.
Gestures
Building rapport is the name given to the process of creating an understanding and
harmonious bond between yourself and someone else.
Audience Rapport
Fear of speaking in front of a group of people. This is often called “performance anxiety.”
Actors call it flopsweat. Psychologists call it topophobia.
Stage Fright

Oral Communication

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An utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect.

Is the actual act of uttering.

Is the social function of what is said.

Is the resulting act of what is said.

Who classified illocutionary acts into five distinct categories?

Process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor.

When a topic is initiated, it should be collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary

Moving from one topic to another.

Speech according to purpose.

Speech according to delivery.

Te speaker appears incapable of movement.

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