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SAGAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES


LAS 5

NAME: ____________________________________________GRADE&SECTION: __________________

TITLE: APPROACHES IN LITERARY CRITICISM

I. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:


Uses appropriate critical writing a critique such as formalism, feminism, etc.
II. CONCEPTS:
When you express your views, it is also important to use appropriate language for a specific
discipline. There are terms that you should prefer to put in your writing depending on the field or
context you are in. For example, if you are to convince people who are experts in the field of Science
and Mathematics, you need to use their language. Here are examples of terms that you can use in the
following disciplines.

Science Mathematics General Terms


Experiments Equation Test

Lab equipment Statistical tool Materials

Invention Solution Action


Laboratory test Result Pregnancy Test
Hormones and Genes Equivalent Values Family

You should be formal and use technical terms that are familiar to them. However, if your audience
is the general public, you also need to use the language they know. Do not use those that are not
common to them. Avoid jargons or technical words and slang or invented words. You can be informal
when necessary. However, you must never forget to be POLITE to avoid having future problems.
Learning appropriate language and manner is not enough in expressing your views. There are
critical approaches that you can use to make it more convincing and appropriate. Read about the
critical approaches. You can highlight some important ideas. You can use these in expressing your
views.
1. FORMALIST CRITICISM
- This approach regards literature as “a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be
examined on its own terms.” All the elements necessary for understanding the work are
contained within the work itself. Of particular interest to the formalist critic are the
elements of form—style, structure, tone, imagery, etc.— that are found within the text. A
primary goal for formalist critics is to determine how such elements work together with the
text’s content to shape its effects upon readers.
2. GENDER CRITICISM
- This approach “examines how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of
literary works.” Originally an offshoot of feminist movements, gender criticism today
includes a number of approaches, including the so-called “masculinist” approach recently
advocated by poet Robert Bly. The bulk of gender criticism, however, is feminist and takes
as a central precept that the patriarchal attitudes that have dominated western thought have
resulted, consciously or unconsciously, in literature “full of unexamined ‘male-produced’
assumptions.” Feminist criticism attempts to correct this imbalance by analyzing and
combatting such attitudes—by questioning, for example, why none of the characters in
Shakespeare’s play Othello ever challenge the right of a husband to murder a wife accused
of adultery. Other goals of feminist critics include “analyzing how sexual identity
influences the reader of a text” and “examining how the images of men and women in
imaginative literature reflect or reject the social forces that have historically kept the sexes
from achieving total equality.”
3. HISTORICAL CRITICISM
- This approach “seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural,
and intellectual context that produced it—a context that necessarily includes the artist’s
biography and milieu.” A key goal for historical critics is to understand the effect of a
literary work upon its original readers.
4. READER-RESPONSE CRITICISM
- This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that “literature” exists not as an artifact upon
a printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and the mind of a reader. It
attempts “to describe what happens in the reader’s mind while interpreting a text” and
reflects that reading, like writing, is a creative process.
5. MEDIA CRITICISM
- It is the act of closely examining and judging the media. When we examine the media
and various media stories, we often find instances of media bias. Media bias is the
perception that the media is reporting the news in a partial or prejudiced manner. Media
bias occurs when the media seems to push a specific viewpoint, rather than reporting the
news objectively. Keep in mind that media bias also occurs when the media seems to ignore
an important aspect of the story. This is the case in the news story about the puppies.
6. MARXIST CRITICISM
- It focuses on the economic and political elements of art, often emphasizing the ideological
content of literature; because Marxist criticism often argues that all art is political, either
challenging or endorsing (by silence) the status quo, it is frequently evaluative and
judgmental, a tendency that “can lead to reductive judgment, as when Soviet critics rated
Jack London better than William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Edith Wharton, and Henry
James, because he illustrated the principles of class struggle more clearly.” Nonetheless,
Marxist criticism “can illuminate political and economic dimensions of literature other
approaches overlook.”
7. STRUCTURALISM
- It focused on how human behavior is determined by social, cultural and psychological
structures. It tended to offer a single unified approach to human life that would embrace all
disciplines. The essence of structuralism is the belief that “things cannot be understood in
isolation, they have to be seen in the context of larger structures which contain them. For
example, the structuralist analysis of Donne’s poem, Good Morrow, demands more focus
on the relevant genre, the concept of courtly love, rather than on the close reading of the
formal elements of the text.

III. ACTIVITIES
A. SAY IT PROPERLY
Since you have learned that it is important to use appropriate language, you can already
express your ideas appropriately. Let us try to use appropriate language and manner in raising
our contrary views about the issue on “Teenage Pregnancy.”

Target Audience: Students aged 13-19


Purpose: State your views about the issue
Language: Formal and Simple so that the target audience can easily understand it

Write your stand about the issue and consider the given information. Use terms that are
familiar to students like you

B. WHAT OTHERS SAY


Look for two or more persons who are also students or it can be an adult. Ask them to read
what you have written by sending it to them through personal message or email. Ask them
what they think of your written output. Listen to their comments and suggestions. You can also
write them down so that you can remember their responses when you answer the reflection
questions below. Let’s reflect on this activity.

1. Did they like how you express your views? Did they find it rude or not? Why?
2. What were their comments? How do you feel about it?
REFLECTION/WHAT I LEARNED.
Lesson: __________________________________________________________________________
What I want to say about the lesson: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
What I found out: __________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES:
CO_Q1_SHS English for Academic and Professional Purposes _ Module 3

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