Humanistic Psychology Prezentacja J. Angielski

Humanistic psychology
Humanistic psychology arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two main

trends: psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanists disagreed with the creators of
earlier trends, considering their theories too simplistic.
They acused Sigmund Freud, the creator of psychoanalysis, of focusing on
instincts and primal, unconscious desires, that make a human inherently evil and
hostile. They believed that it was a mistake to underestimate the potential that
lies dormant in a human being. The creators of humanistic psychology also
disagreed with the behaviorists, who treated psychology as a science of behavior
and denied the existence of human consciousness and phenomena mental. Humanists
believed that the human being is a homogeneous whole with the psyche and the
body. Human beings are inherently good and make intentional decisions
considering the consequences of their actions. They are guided by their own
experiences and pursue their goals. Humanistic psychologists in psychotherapy
focused on dialogue based on acceptance, empathy and honesty, and rejected
effective manipulation. The therapists were supposed to take into account the
perspective of the examined person, his or her interior, and not only the
perspective of the researcher. Therapy is about creating an atmosphere of
security and trust. The therapist is open, listens without judgement or giving
advices, and focuses on the person, their experiences, feelings and self-
perception. Sincere interest in the client has a therapeutic effect, which is of
great importance not only on the psychotherapist's couch, but everywhere, where
there is a relationship between the doctor and medical staff and the patient.
Humanistic approach puts the person in the center, not a specific case or
disease.
Founders of humanistic psychology
Unlike psychoanalysis and behaviorism, contributed to the breakthrough in

psychology were research of many people from various fields, for example
psychiatry, philosophy, pedagogy and neurology. Its main creators are considered
to be: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Carl Rogers (zdjęcie Rogersa)
American psychologist and psychotherapist. He created a trend called "client-

centered psychotherapy", later "person-centered psychotherapy". His theories,
empathy, personal commitment and positive vision brought about huge changes in
psychotherapy. He was always focused on a person first of all, and encouraged to
take responsibility for oneself and openly to new experiences. He believed that
the role of the therapist is to create conditions in which the client
can listen to himself, understand the reasons for his suffering and find the
direction of change. He encouraged to give up the "mask" of an expert and a
professional, and to coherence and acceptance and empathy. Rogers believed in
the uniqueness of the individual and his experiences.
Abraham Maslow (zdjęcie Maslowa)
American psychologist. One of the most important representatives of the trend of

humanistic psychology. Creator of the theory of the hierarchy of needs. Called
the "father" of humanistic psychology. He believed that human behavior is
governed by needs that are innate, and every human being is inherently good and
creative, and problems come from disregarding one's own needs. The human being
strives for personal development and self-realization, but first the needs
necessary for survival must be met. The author noted that the early childhood
period is extremely important, and development is influenced by upbringing and
social conditions. Children need to feel a sense of safety, respect and love.
Maslow believed that our lower needs must come first satisfied, so that we can
move on to the higher ones and reach a level of self-actualization. He believed
that higher needs give a person a sense of happiness and are conducive
maintaining mental health. His theory of the hierarchy of needs gained great
publicity in the world of psychology, marketing and business.
Hierarchy of needs
(obrazek piramidy)
1. The physiological needs: breathing, food, water, sleep, homeostasis.
2. The safety and security needs: security of body, employment, resources,

morality, the family, health, property.
3. The love and belonging needs: friendship, family, children.
4. The esteem needs: confidence, respect of others, fame, glory reputation.
5. Self- actualization: morality, creativity, lack of prejudice.
Opponents of humanistic psychology accused its creators of the lack of

transparent theories, definitions of specific disorders and models of human
behavior. They were afraid of abuse by therapists,
which therapy gives a lot of freedom.

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Humanistic psychology

Humanistic psychology arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two main

Founders of humanistic psychology

Unlike psychoanalysis and behaviorism, contributed to the breakthrough in

Carl Rogers (zdjęcie Rogersa)

American psychologist and psychotherapist. He created a trend called "client-

Abraham Maslow (zdjęcie Maslowa)

American psychologist. One of the most important representatives of the trend of

1. The physiological needs: breathing, food, water, sleep, homeostasis.

2. The safety and security needs: security of body, employment, resources,

3. The love and belonging needs: friendship, family, children.

4. The esteem needs: confidence, respect of others, fame, glory reputation.

5. Self- actualization: morality, creativity, lack of prejudice.

Opponents of humanistic psychology accused its creators of the lack of

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