Hayden Crump - Student - LeesvilleRdHS - Lamberth Fall22 Academic Evolution Slides

Evolution is a theory. The word “theory” is really misunderstood. Why?
Have you heard somebody say something like, “I have a theory that my dog
is stealing my socks every morning”? People say things like that all of the
time, and it’s ok. But that is not what scientists mean when they use the
word theory.
Check out this video: Fact vs Theory vs Hypothesis vs Law
What is the difference between how we use the word “theory” in everyday
language and what it means in science?
So now, you know something
about Evolution!
Do you know who discovered this amazing process?
The concepts of common descent and natural
selection were first proposed by Charles Darwin in
his famous book, The Origin of Species in 1859
You can learn more about him here: Who was
Charles Darwin
Darwin was buried in Westminster Abbey next to Sir Isaac
Newton. Describe the significance of this honor.
The many Believe it or not, Evolution is the scientific
types of theory with the most evidence backing it up.
evidence for Think about it, we can study the relatedness of
Evolution. millions of living things. There are many
different types of evidence for Evolution.
What is the definition of a fossil?
Let’s start
with the
What is more likely to become a fossil, a worm or a snail? Why?
one we
think about
first. Fossils!
Watch this What does this tell us about the fossil record?
video: What
is a fossil?
Evidence for Evolution #2:
Comparative Anatomy
Have a look at your arm. Starting at your
shoulder, you have one long bone
(humerus), two more long bones (radius
and ulna), little round-ish bones in your
wrist (carpals), little long bones in your
hands (meta-carpals, and more little bits
of bones that make up your fingers
(phalanges).
Are you the only living thing with this arm

or forelimb structure? Nope. Every
tetrapod (animal with a backbone and 4
limbs) has this structure. What does that
mean?
It means that this forelimb structure was present
in the ancestor of all of these related creatures.
Compare the forelimbs of the 6

animals in this diagram. How are
the structures similar?
Compare the forelimbs of the bat and the whale. How are the forelimbs
different? (Use the correct names for the bones from the previous slide in
your answer).
Why do you think the bat has such long phalanges?

Evidence for Watch Proof of evolution that you can find in your own body
Evolution
#3: Why do you get goose bumps sometimes?
Vestigial
Structures
The primary mechanism for
Evolution is
Natural Selection
Let’s start with a simple, easy explanation here:
Introducing Lithipodius nulla!!
Answer the following questions as you watch the video:
Time stamp 0:23 –

What similar traits do the members of the species have?
What different traits do the members of the species have?

Time Stamp 0:46 – Which members of the species are more vulnerable to the predator?
Which members of the species are more likely to survive?
Time Stamp 1:33

What will happen to the green individuals in this sandy environment?
What if the environment changes and gets greener?

Your friend has a dog with fleas. She goes to the pet store and buys over-the-counter flea medicine. It
does not work. So she goes to the veterinarian and explains that she just spent $80 on medicine that
does not work. The vet casually says, “Oh yeah, that medicine does not work anymore.” Because you
now understand natural selection, your friend asks you questions. Answer them with evidence.
What caused the fleas to become resistant to the medicine?
Do all of the fleas become resistant right away?
What do the resistant fleas do that the sensitive fleas do not?

Natural Selection is not the only mechanism of Evolution
Watch this video (I know, I know, lots of videos): Genetic Drift and Gene Flow
Some basics:
What is a gene pool?
What is Genetic Drift?
Does Genetic Drift happen more often in a small or a large population?

1. Go to: The Evogeneao Website
2. Click on the interactive tree of life on the right hand side of the page. The branches
represent different living things. The branches that do not make it to the top of the
semi-circle represent extinct species.
3. Now click on Lungfish (in aqua blue under “Fish”)
What does our most recent common ancestor with the lungfish look like?
4. Click reset, top right: Now click on any other living thing in the semi-circle.
a. What living thing did you choose?
b. What does our most recent common ancestor with this living thing look like?
C. How long ago did we split?

The DNA in each cell guides the making of proteins, which are made up
of amino acids. Scientists can compare DNA or amino acids, to see how
related two species are to each other.
Use the graph on the previous slide to answer the next questions
According to the graph, what species are humans furthest related to?
How many amino acids differ between humans and this species?
As the difference in amino acid number increases, what happens to the genetic relatedness of
the two species?
Evidence for
Evolution #6:
Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity. Cells contain
DNA and DNA is passed on from parent to
offspring. As you may have learned in class, DNA
contains the instructions for an organism. The
more DNA you share in common with another
living thing, the more related you are.
How close is the DNA of a human and that of a
chimpanzee? Check it out:
Richard Dawkins compares the human and
chimpanzee genomes
Use the DNA sequences to
answer the following
questions. Count the number
of differences in nucleotides
(letters) between each
species. The fewer the
differences, the more closely
related they are: Answer the
questions on the next slide
Which animal is most closely

related to the human? How many
differences in DNA are there?
Which animal is least closely

related to the human? Explain.

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Evolution is a theory. The word “theory” is really misunderstood. Why?

Check out this video: Fact vs Theory vs Hypothesis vs Law

Are you the only living thing with this arm

Compare the forelimbs of the 6

Why do you think the bat has such long phalanges?

Answer the following questions as you watch the video:

Time stamp 0:23 –

What different traits do the members of the species have?

Which members of the species are more likely to survive?

Time Stamp 1:33

What if the environment changes and gets greener?

What caused the ﬂeas to become resistant to the medicine?

Do all of the ﬂeas become resistant right away?

What do the resistant ﬂeas do that the sensitive ﬂeas do not?

What is Genetic Drift?

Does Genetic Drift happen more often in a small or a large population?

C. How long ago did we split?

Which animal is most closely

Which animal is least closely

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