ARTICULATION

Principles of Effective Speech Delivery:
Articulation
OBJECTTIVE
Uses principles of effective speech delivery focusing on Articulation

EN11/12OC-IIcj-24
Audience - google
www.oralcommunication.com
Speech Organs
All organs on the figure contribute to the production of speech. All
the sounds of English are made using air on its way out from the
lungs. The lungs pull in and push out air, helped by the diaphragm.
The air goes out via trachea, where the first obstruction it meets is
the larynx, which it has to pass through. Inside the larynx the air
passes by the vocal folds, which, if they vibrate, make the sound
voiced. Afterwards the air goes up through the pharynx, and
escapes via either the oral or the nasal cavity.
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Manner of Articulation
Manner of Articulation is the “how” of making sounds. When
learning our first language, we don’t usually think about how we
make the sounds we do. We just reproduce what we’ve heard
over the first few years of our lives. We make the sounds without
thinking how our mouth tongue, and teeth are doing, unless we
need the additional support of speech therapy.
Audience - google
1. Stop or Plosive  We build pressure of air and then release it.
This is a sudden burst of air. Examples of stops include: /p/ /b/
/t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
Initial Sounds:
/p/ – pig /d/ – dad
/b/ – bag /k/ kick
/t/ – tall /g/ – girl
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2. Fricative  We stop part of the air so it can’t come through
everywhere. It is a stream of air. Imagine a river of water flowing. Then
imagine putting a large rock in the center of the river. The flow of the
water would change because of the large rock, but the water would still
flow around it. This is a strong description of what a fricative sound is
formed. There is a flowing river of air, and you partially block it with
your tongue, teeth, or lips.
Sounds include: /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /h/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /ð/ /θ/
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Initial Sounds:
1. /f/ – four 8. /ð/ – these
2. /v/ – van 9. /θ/ – thin
3. /s/ – sun
4. /z/ – zip
5. /h/ – hello
6. /ʃ/ – ship
7. /ʒ/ – This sound does not occur at the beginning of words in English.
It usually occurs in the middle of English words.
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3. Affricate  We combine stops and fricatives to form affricates.
Examples include: /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. Affricates start with a stop and then
transitions into a fricative.
Initial Sounds: Final Sounds:

1. /tʃ/ – chip 1. /tʃ/ – catch
2. /dʒ/ – just 2. /dʒ/ – badge
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4. Nasal  We close our palate and let air stream through the nose.
Examples include: /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Initial Sounds
1. /m/ – moon
2. /n/ – nap
3. /ŋ/ – This sound does not occur at the beginning of words in English.
Audience - google
5. Liquid  We let air stream on the sides of our tongue. Examples
include: /ɹ/ /l/
Initial Sounds
1. /ɹ/ – red
2. /l/ – light
Audience - google
6. Glide  We move our mouth constantly from a articulation to a
vowel sound. Examples include: /w/ and /j/
Initial Sounds
1. /w/ – win
2. /j/ – yellow
Audience - google
Place of Articulation
1. Bilabials  Formed with two (bi-) lips (labials) .
Examples:
/p/ – pop
/b/ – Bob
/m/ – mom
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2. Labiodentals  Formed with the bottom lip (labio-) and top

teeth (dentals)
Examples:
/f/ – fish
/v/ – very
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3. Interdentals  Formed by putting the tongue between (inter-)

the teeth (dentals)
Examples:
/θ/ – thick
/ð/ – though
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4. Alveolar  Formed by putting the tongue on the alveolar ridge,
which is the gum line above the top teeth
Examples:
/t/ – Tom /ɹ/ – run
/d/ – dad
/n/ – none
/s/ – sit
/z/ – zoo
/l/ – lamp
Audience - google
5. Palatals  Formed by touching the sides of the tongue to the
roof of the mouth
Examples:
/ʃ/ – ship
/ʒ/ – pleasure
/tʃ/ – cheap
/dʒ/ – jump
/j/ – yogurt
Audience - google
6. Velars  Formed by putting the back part of the tongue against
the soft palate
Examples:
/k/ – curl
/g/ – girl
/ŋ/ – song
Gmail Images
Articulation
Articulation refers to the clarity of sounds and words we

produce. If someone is articulate, they speak words clearly.
Audience - google
Four Speech Acts
1. Breathing – in which you get air from storage chamber.

2. Phonation – the process by which you force air into vibration by the
action of vocal folds.
3. Resonation – in which you mouth, nose and throat cavities amplify the
sound so you can hear it.
4. Articulation – you modify the sound by movements of the speech
articulators.
Audience - google
The following should be avoided to demonstrate

proper articulation:
1. Deletion  It is omitting word or part of word. In formal context
deletion maybe perceived as careful in articulation. Example, instead
of “going”, you say “goin’”.
2. Substitution  It is pronouncing a sound of word incorrectly by
replacing it with another sound. For example, Filipinos tend to
interchange the [p] and [f].
3. Slurring  It involves an overlap of the ending sound of one word and
the beginning sound of the other.
Gmail Images
Modulation
refers to the speaker’s ability to adjust or manipulate the

resonance and timbre of one’s voice. This also means the
line-tuning of the pitch or tone of the voice that helps the
audience clearly hear and understand the lecture,
presentation, and speech delivered by the speaker.
Audience - google
Tips on Modulation Gmail Images
1. Always convey your message with the variation in the pitch and tempo.
2. Speak at a rate so that your audience can understand you because fast
delivery betrays a lack of confidence.
3. Speak normally. Check your speed and try to bring it within range.
4. Pronounce words properly, putting stresses at the right syllable.
5. Speak loud enough so that everyone in the audience can hear you clearly.
6. Pause for a moment in between sentences to control your speech and
approach better.
7. Refrain from vocalized pauses and nasalization such as “er”, “ah”, “uhn”,
“umm”, etc.

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Principles of Effective Speech Delivery:

Uses principles of effective speech delivery focusing on Articulation

Initial Sounds: Final Sounds:

1. Bilabials  Formed with two (bi-) lips (labials) .

2. Labiodentals  Formed with the bottom lip (labio-) and top

3. Interdentals  Formed by putting the tongue between (inter-)

Articulation refers to the clarity of sounds and words we

Four Speech Acts

1. Breathing – in which you get air from storage chamber.

The following should be avoided to demonstrate

refers to the speaker’s ability to adjust or manipulate the

Tips on Modulation Gmail Images

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