KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.

-2
SATNA (M.P.) 485113. CONTACT NO.
CBSE Affiliation No.: 1000092

The
Project “Slum Children”
Session 2022-2023

Class 12th

ENGLISH

Under the Supervision of Principal’s Signature Submitted By

(Mr. Prabhat Singh) BRAINY BAGGERS

 The Brainy Badgers GrOUP
MEMBERS ROLL
NO.
Anand RAJ TRIPATHI:- 12O7
Ashutosh Gautam:- 1212
Sagar singh:- 1225
Ritik pandey:- 1223
Vaibhavi singh:- 1236
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work on ‘‘Slum

Children’’ based on the curriculum of CBSE has been
completed by RITIK PANDEY of class XII studying in
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 2 Satna. The above-
mentioned project work has been completed under
guidance of Mr. Prabhat Singh during the academic year
2022-23.

Signature of Teacher:

Signature of Principal:
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the principal Mrs
M.Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2 Satna for her encouragement and for all the
facilities that she provided for this project work. I sincerely appreciate this
magnanimity by taking me into her fold for which I shall remain indebted to
her.

I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Prabhat Singh English Teacher, who guided
me to the successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity to
express my deep sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement, immense motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all the
stages of this Project work.

I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my parents and also to my

classmates who helped me to carry out this project work successfully and for
their valuable advice and support, which I received from them time to time.

Ritik Pandey

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  OBJECTIVE
 ABOUT Author
 INTRODUCTION
 CONTENT
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Objective

This project is based on the “Slum Children” inspired by the

theme of “The Lost Spring ” by Anees Jung .
The objective of selecting this topic are:

• Child labour – A short history

• Slum Children in Chennai

• Their livelihood – their work history

• Role oF constitution (Laws against Child Labour)

• Education or Slum CHILDREN

• The Role oF Government And private sector

• Conclusion – Overall view – Your Vision

 About author
Born in Rourkela  and growing up in Hyderabad, Anees Jung is from an
aristocratic family – her father, Nawab Hosh Yar
Jung, was a scholar and poet, and served as
the musahib (adviser) to the last Nizam (prince)
of Hyderabad State. Her mother and brother are
also Urdu poets. After schooling and college
at Osmania University in Hyderabad, she went to
the United States for higher studies at University of
Michigan Ann Arbor, where she did her master's degree in sociology and
American studies.
Jung published Unveiling India in 1987. It is a travel diary focusing on
interviews with women. She has written several subsequent books on the
same, talking to women about their everyday lives, including Night of the
New Moon: Encounters with Muslim women in India (1993), Seven
Sisters (1994). Breaking the Silence (1997) is based on conversations on
women's lives from around the world.
Others are maltreated by alcoholic fathers or married off early or sexually
abused though some find refuge in schools set up by well-meaning
NGOs. A section of this book is part of the NCERT Class 12 English Book
in CBSE Schools  Jung is noted for her lively and vivid descriptions.
She started her career in writing with the Youth Times, a Times of
India publication, where she worked as a journalist and editor (1973 to
1980). She has subsequently worked for The Christian Science
Monitor and the International Herald Tribune. Anees Jung lives in Delhi
 INTRODUCTion
For many families across the globe asking younger children to help with chores
around the house creates multiple benefits for the child. They grow in self-esteem
while learning necessary life skills: how to clean their room, wash laundry, cook
a meal, tend a garden.

But in impoverished communities, millions of children work simply because

their survival depends on it. When a family is very poor, often young children are
forced to work to provide for their own care or add to the household income.
Imagine a five-year-old going to bed hungry with no hope of food tomorrow
unless they work.

The United States has several lines of defense to protect the rights of workers.
For instance, the U.S. Department of Labor was set up in 1913 to promote the
wellbeing of all job seekers, wage earners, and retirees. The Fair Labor Standards
act of 1938 (FLSA) established minimum wage and minimum age for young
workers. Our national child labor laws preserve educational opportunities and
prohibit the employment of children in unsafe workplaces.
 Child labour : history
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many children aged 5–14 from
poorer families worked in Western nations and their colonies alike. These
children mainly worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations,
factories, mining, and services such as news boys – some worked night
shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of
schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates of child
labour fell.
Child labour forms an intrinsic part of pre-industrial economies.[19]
[20]
 In pre-industrial societies, there is rarely a concept of childhood in the
modern sense. Children often begin to actively participate in activities
such as child rearing, hunting and farming as soon as they are
competent. In many societies, children as young as 13 are seen as adults
and engage in the same activities as adults.[19]
The work of children was important in pre-industrial societies, as children
needed to provide their labour for their survival and that of their group.
[21]
 Pre-industrial societies were characterised by low productivity and
short life expectancy; preventing children from participating in productive
work would be more harmful to their welfare and that of their group in the
long run. In pre-industrial societies, there was little need for children to
attend school. This is especially the case in non-literate societies. Most
pre-industrial skill and knowledge were amenable to being passed down
through direct mentoring or apprenticing by competent adults.[19] With the
onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 18th century, there
was a rapid increase in the industrial exploitation of labour, including child
labour. Industrial cities such as Birmingham, Manchester,
and Liverpool rapidly grew from small villages into large cities and
improving child mortality rates. These cities drew in the population that
was rapidly growing due to increased agricultural output. This process
was replicated in other industrialising countries.[22]
The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under
which children were employed.[23] Children as young as four were
employed in production factories and mines working long hours in
dangerous, often fatal, working conditions.[24] In coal mines, children
would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for adults Children also
worked as errand boys, crossing sweepers, shoe blacks, or selling
matches, flowers and other cheap goods.[26] Some children undertook
work as apprentices to respectable trades, such as building or
as domestic servants (there were over 120,000 domestic servants in
London in the mid-18th century). Working hours were long: builders
worked 64 hours a week in the summer and 52 hours in winter, while
servants worked 80-hour weeks. Child labour played an important role in
the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic
hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their
family income.[26] In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families
were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandonment,
obliging many children to work from a young age. In England and
Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton
mills were described as children.[28] A high number of children also worked
as prostitutes.[29] The author Charles Dickens worked at the age of 12 in
a blacking factory, with his family in debtor's prison
Child labour working in jute mill
Child labour : a curse
Child labour refers to the exploitation of children through any
form of work that deprives children of their childhood,[3] interferes
with their ability to attend regular school, and is mentally,
physically, socially and morally harmful. Such exploitation is
prohibited by legislation worldwide, although these laws do not
consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include
work by child artists, family duties, supervised training, and some
forms of work undertaken by Amish children, as well as by
indigenous children in the Americas.
Child labour has existed to varying extents throughout history.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, many children aged 5–
14 from poorer families worked in Western nations and
their colonies alike. These children mainly worked in agriculture,
home-based assembly operations, factories, mining, and services
such as news boys – some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours.
With the rise of household income, availability of schools and
passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates of child labour
fell.
In the world's poorest countries, around one in four children are
engaged in child labour, the highest number of whom (29
percent) live in sub-saharan Africa. In 2017, four African nations
(Mali, Benin, Chad and Guinea-Bissau) witnessed over 50
percent of children aged 5–14 working. Worldwide agriculture is
the largest employer of child labour. The vast majority of child
labour is found in rural settings and informal urban economies;
children are predominantly employed by their parents, rather than
factories. Poverty and lack of schools are considered the primary
cause of child labour.
Globally the incidence of child labour decreased from 25% to
10% between 1960 and 2003, according to the World Bank.
Nevertheless, the total number of child labourers remains high,
with UNICEF and ILO acknowledging an estimated 168 million
children aged 5–17 worldwide were involved in child labour in
2013. Child wages were often low, the wages were as little as 10–20% of
an adult male's wage.[31][better  source  needed] Karl Marx was an outspoken
opponent of child labour,[32] saying British industries "could but live by
sucking blood, and children’s blood too", and that U.S. capital was
financed by the "capitalized blood of children". [33][34] Letitia Elizabeth
Landon castigated child labour in her 1835 poem The Factory, portions of
which she pointedly included in her 18th Birthday Tribute to Princess
Victoria in 1837.

Slums children in Chennai

The present study was carried out to study the prevalence and causes of
child labor in an urban slum and to find the factors associated to child
labor. Methodology-The present cross-sectional study was carried out in
an urban field practice area of Community Medicine Department of
Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad Maharashtra. All the children
in the age group of 5-14 years were contacted with a house-to-house
survey. Data was collected by filling a pre-tested semi-structured
questionnaire in the presence of their parents. The questionnaire
contained the details of working children, details of their jobs, their
employers and their pay, the effect of work on schooling/studies, about
their families and socioeconomic status. Their parents were also
interviewed and necessary information was obtained from them. The diet
history was obtained from them as well as their parent. Statistical
Analysis-Chi square test, proportions, percentages, means and standard
deviations. Results-The prevalence of child labor in the study area was
36.30%, amongst these 72.13% were boys and 27.86% were girls. 82% of
these were from socioeconomic class 4 and 68.8% of fathers and 95% of
mothers of these children were illiterate. 59% had an alcoholic father.
78.7% of child labourers were engaged in full time labour and were not
attending school at all. 76.92% said that work interfered with studies. The
main reason to go to work was poverty in 86.9% and family debt in 34.4%.
Most of the girls 76.47% work in homes and tamashas and 47.7% boys
work in catering. 65.6% were compelled to work, 39.34% were compelled
by their mothers. Neither employment security nor leaves were given to
any child. All children were found to be malnourished.

Role of constitution : against child labour

Child Labour Policies :----
The Policy of the Government on the issue of Child Labour The
National Policy on Child Labour declared in August, 1987, contains the
action plan for tackling the problem of Child Labour. It envisages:
 A legislative action plan: The Government has enacted the

Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986 to prohibit

the engagement of children in certain employments and to
regulate the conditions of work of children in certain other
employments.
 Focusing and convergence of general development

programmes for benefiting children wherever possible, A

Core Group on convergence of various welfare schemes of
the Government has been constituted in the Ministry of
Labour & Employment to ensure that, the families of the
Child Labour are given priority for their upliftment.

 Project-based action plan of action for launching of projects

for the welfare of working children in areas of high
concentration of Child Labour.

Education of slum children

We are very happy to report that since its inception, the School has
progressed rapidly – both qualitatively and quantitatively. We started with
20 children, but today, our School has reached its maximum capacity of
120 students. The response from the parents has been over whelming.
They are very eager to enrol their wards in our school, because of our
excellent teachers, its convenient location and provision of the free mid-
day meal, which we buy from ISKON, East of Kailash, New Delhi. 

Every year, since 2009, 30 students who pass out from our UKG get
admission in primary school. We continue to sponsor their primary and
secondary education and maintain their annual school report records. All
this is to promote Underprivileged Child Education in Delhi, Slum Children
Education in Delhi. Provide donations for children education or Sponsor Child
education. 
Seeing the success of our 1st Play/Pre School we started our 2nd one in
Community Centre, DDA Flats Kalkaji in 2013. Students enrolled here are
drawn from the 17 slums we work in – Kalkaji/Govindpuri area. As in our
First Pre School, here too, while the 3 year olds (Nursery A & B) are taught
nursery rhymes and kept busy with drawing, painting and educational toys
like building blocks, puzzles and games, the older ones (LKG & UKG) are
taught the Hindi & English alphabets, words, sentences, counting, basic
math to prepare them for admission into Std 1 in regular schools.

Role of government and private

sector --- NGOS
AROH Foundation, a Noida-based NGO, has been serving as the
leading element of digital education among poor slum children in
Delhi. Learning about the need of the hour and with futuristic
approach, the NGO understood the digital shift of education even
before the pandemic.
Plan India’s sponsorship program has made an impact on over
750,000 children and their communities till date. Our widespread
presence and connection with local communities help us in
understanding the ground realities and taught us that helping
families and communities become self-sufficient is the best way
to secure children’s futures. Sponsorship is a way to maximize
your impact by driving programs that are community led in your
sponsored child’s community which creates sustainable change.
We know that helping families and communities become self-
sufficient is the best way to secure children’s futures. And we
couldn’t do it this work without the support of our sponsors.
poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion-while promoting
gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability. They are
also basic human rights-the rights of each person on the planet to health,
education, shelter, and security". There can be no doubt that armed

conflict directly kills, injures, and harms more men than women in that
combatants are predominantly male. Armed conflict has many indirect
consequences such as on health and survival. "Armed conflict both
generates conditions for increased morbidity and mortality".
 conclusion:
It is time to consign child labour to the history books and to allow all
children to realise their rights. Child labour is a fact of life for children
and it is an issue that effect of all us in many country. It is the duty of
everyone to contribute to the stop child labour – governments, trade
unions, businesses, international organisations, communities, employers,
teachers, parents, children and you. The ‘school is the best place to work’
campaign believe that child labour of any type of work which is harmful
to a child’s development including affecting full-time quality education.
The main key to eliminate child labour is political mobilation and
practical action. Despite promise made by world’s to care for every child,
still
1. To bring a chance, all forms of child labour and to challenge those who
would argue for its relation.
2. To support the global campaign for education which seeks to provide
Education for All (EFA)?? The main source of information on child labour
comes from the International Labour Organisation (ILO). They conduct
research and publish reports on the issue and have a special department
dedicated to the elimination of child labour – the International
Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC).
IS ALL CHILD LABOUR HAR:-Child labour is any labour that prevents a child
from receiving a full time formal education. Helping around the house or
working in a local shop on weekends or for a few hours after school during the
week is not child labour. In fact, this kind of work can be good for a young
person- it helps them learn valuable life skills and knowledge. However, if this
work prevents a child from receiving a full time formal education and when it
contravenes existing laws on the minimum age and condition for employment,
it leads to child labour.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :---
https://brainly.in/question
https://www.thewisdompost.com/essay/child-labour-essay
https://www.thewisdompost.com/essay/child-labour-essay
https://lawcorner.in/child-labour-india/
https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal