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    Cell Wall and Chloroplasts

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    Louie Sarmiento
    Plant cells contain organelles that each have specific functions. The cell wall is the outer protective layer of the plant cell and gives it structure. It is a multi-layered structure composed of cellulose. The chloroplast is an organelle that produces food for the plant cell through photosynthesis. It contains chlorophyll and has an inner and outer membrane with thylakoids inside where photosynthesis occurs. The chloroplast captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy to produce sugars and oxygen.

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    Cell Wall and Chloroplasts

    Uploaded by

    Louie Sarmiento
    8 views23 pages
    Plant cells contain organelles that each have specific functions. The cell wall is the outer protective layer of the plant cell and gives it structure. It is a multi-layered structure composed of cellulose. The chloroplast is an organelle that produces food for the plant cell through photosynthesis. It contains chlorophyll and has an inner and outer membrane with thylakoids inside where photosynthesis occurs. The chloroplast captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy to produce sugars and oxygen.

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    Plant cells contain organelles that each have specific functions. The cell wall is the outer protective layer of the plant cell and gives it structure. It is a multi-layered structure composed of cellulose. The chloroplast is an organelle that produces food for the plant cell through photosynthesis. It contains chlorophyll and has an inner and outer membrane with thylakoids inside where photosynthesis occurs. The chloroplast captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy to produce sugars and oxygen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views23 pages

    Cell Wall and Chloroplasts

    Uploaded by

    Louie Sarmiento
    Plant cells contain organelles that each have specific functions. The cell wall is the outer protective layer of the plant cell and gives it structure. It is a multi-layered structure composed of cellulose. The chloroplast is an organelle that produces food for the plant cell through photosynthesis. It contains chlorophyll and has an inner and outer membrane with thylakoids inside where photosynthesis occurs. The chloroplast captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy to produce sugars and oxygen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Parts of a

    Plant Cell
    Plant Cell
    Plant cells are the building
    blocks of all plants.
    Plant Cell
    Plant cells are composed of different parts.

    Each part has specific functions.


    Cell Wall &

    Chloroplast
    Cell Wall
    Cell Wall
    A cell wall is the non-living

    component that covers the

    cell's outer layer.


    Cell Wall
    It is the protective part of
    the plant cell. It gives the
    plant cell its rectangular
    shape.
    Plant Cell Wall Structure
    Plant Cell Wall Structure
    Plant cell wall is a multi

    layered structure
    It is generally arranged in

    three (3) layers. from outside

    to inside 3 layers of cell wall

    include:
    1. Middle Lamella
    2. Primary Wall
    3. Secondary Wall
    Plant Cell Wall Structure
    MIDDLE LAMELLA - it is a layer which

    cements the cell walls of two adjoining

    plant cells together.


    PRIMARY WALL - It is mainly made up of

    cellulose, allowing the wall to stretch for

    the purpose of growth. - It is also

    comparatively permeable and thinner

    than the other layers.


    SECONDARY WALL - this layer provides

    the characteristic rectangular or

    square shape to a cell. It is also the

    thickest layer and permits permeability.


    Functions of the Cell Wall
    Maintains shape of the cells.
    Protects cell from mechanical

    injury.
    Allows materials to pass in

    and out of the cell.


    It helps to control cell

    expansion due to the intake of

    water.
    Chloroplast
    Chloroplast

    It is the part that produces


    food in a plant cell.
    Chloroplast
    The chloroplast, found only

    in algal and plant cells, is a

    cell organelle that

    produces energy through

    photosynthesis.
    Chloroplast
    Chloroplasts are a type of

    plastid—a round, oval, or

    disk-shaped body that is

    involved in the synthesis

    and storage of foodstuffs.


    Chloroplast
    It has a high concentration of

    chlorophyll, the molecule that

    captures light energy, and this

    gives many plants and algae a

    green color. Like the

    mitochondrion, the chloroplast is

    thought to have evolved from

    once free-living bacteria.


    Structure of the Chloroplast
    Structure of the Chloroplast
    Chloroplasts are oval-shaped

    and have two membranes: an

    outer membrane and an inner

    membrane. Between the outer

    and inner membrane is the

    intermembrane space

    approximately 10-20 nm wide.

    The space within the inner

    membrane is the stroma, the

    dense fluid within the

    chloroplast.
    Structure of the Chloroplast
    Other chloroplast structures include:
    Thylakoid System: internal membrane system consisting of flattened

    sac-like membrane structures called thylakoids where light energy is

    converted into chemical energy. Thylakoids contain the light-harvesting

    complex, including the electron transport chains used in photosynthesis

    and pigments like chlorophyll and carotenoids.


    Granum: densely layered stacks of thylakoids (10 to 20) that are the sites

    of conversion of light energy to chemical energy.


    Chlorophyll: a green photosynthetic pigment sitting on the surface of

    thylakoids that absorbs light energy.


    DNA Ring: the circular DNA that is distinct from the nuclear DNA.

    Functions of the Chloroplast


    The most important function of the

    chloroplast is to synthesise food by

    the process of photosynthesis.


    Absorbs light energy and converts it

    into chemical energy.


    Chloroplast has a structure called

    chlorophyll which functions by

    trapping the solar energy and is

    used for the synthesis of food in all

    green plants.
    Functions of the Chloroplast
    Produces NADPH and molecular

    oxygen (O2) by photolysis of water.


    Produces ATP – Adenosine

    triphosphate by the process of

    photosynthesis.
    The carbon dioxide (CO2) obtained

    from the air is used to generate

    carbon and sugar during the Calvin

    Cycle or dark reaction of

    photosynthesis.
    THAT IS ALL!!
    References:
    https://www.cd-genomics.com/
    https://byjus.com/biology/chloroplasts/
    https://byjus.com/biology/cell-wall/
    https://biologydictionary.net/chloroplast/
    https://www.britannica.com/science/chloroplast
    https://rajusbiology.com/cell-wall-structure-and-

    functions
    https://byjus.com/biology/cell-wall

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