Senior High School

Senior High School

Practical Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Review of Related Literature

WHAT IS IT?

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In module 5, Background of Research, the importance of finding information
relevant to the study to be conducted was clearly stated. A research would not be
considered valid or reliable without the readings that would negate or affirm a certain
issue or problem. In the review, the related readings and information, like concepts
and theories, are discussed in-depth.

Review of related literature has three parts. Review of legal bases, Review of
related literature, and review of related studies. They were defined in module 5. As it
is most difficult to get sources for legal bases, and since senior high school students
are just starting to get the hang of writing, only the review of related literature and
studies will be emphasized in this module.

It is generally referred as “Review of related literature” because literature

means any written material, published or unpublished, that is accessible to people
for certain purposes.

The review of literature and studies involves the critiquing and

evaluating of what other researchers have done in relation to the problem to be
studied whether these studies affirmed or negate the subject under study
(Faltado, R.,et.al.,2016)
 SIMPLE RULES IN WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Define the topic and audience. Topics must be interesting, important,

and current.
2. Search and re-search the literature. Do not limit the readings. There
are a lot of available sources, find them, and be sure to acknowledge
their sources.
3. Take notes while reading. There are many ways to take notes.
Gathering grid, note cards, to name a few.
4. Choose the type of review you wish to write. Sometimes, long reviews
are not engaging anymore, so nowadays, many favors short but to the
point reviews with limited number of words and citations. It all depends
on the type of review you want to write. You will see the different types
of reviews on the following pages.
5. Keep the review focused but make it of broad interest.
6. Be critical and consistent. Being consistent in your writing will make
the study more valid and reliable.
7. Find a logical structure. It must be arranged logically so as not to
destroy its implications.
8. Make use of feedback. It is important that somebody else reads the
review written so as to avoid inaccuracies and inconsistencies.
9. Include your own relevant research.
10. Be up-to-date in your review of literature and studies.

What, Where and How to Find Information

First, it is necessary that you list down all the important variables which you need in
your study and any theories which you think can generate your hypothesis.

Second, continue your search for information related to your problem being studied.

Third, check the population you want to include in your study. Theories that have
bearing in your study, appropriate sources where you can find information
such as books, documents, and others.

Fourth, know how to write citations. It was already discussed in module 5, Background
of Research. It will be recapitulated in this module for emphasis and mastery.
Fifth, review and synthesize those findings that support or reject your hypothesis or
research questions.
Sixth, use on-line computers for searching and retrieval of information.

Seventh, synthesize the reviewed literature. Do not copy everything from your
sources or you will be committing plagiarism. Get only those that have
bearing in your study and explain in your own words.

Citation Format. The citation format below, American Psychological Association

(APA) will be used in citing and referencing the research study conducted.
APA Examples of References by Type
In a reference list In-text citation
1. Book with one author (King, 2000) or King
King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A life (2000) compares
of Janet Frame. Auckland, New Zealand: Viking. Frame…
2. Books with two authors (Dancey & Reidy,
Dancey, C.P., & Reidy, J. (2004). Statistics without 2004) or Dancey and
maths for psychology: Using SPSS for Reidy (2004) said…
Windows (3rd ed.). Harlow, England:
Pearson/Prentice Hall.
3. Book with three to five authors (Krause, Bochner, &
Krause, K.-L., Bochner, S., & Duchesne, S. (2006). Duchesne, 2006)
Educational psychology for learning and
teaching (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic., If used first time then
Australia: Thomson. in subsequent
citations, (Krause et
al., 2006)
4. Book or report by a corporate author e.g. (University of Waikato,
organization, association, government department 1967)
University of Waikato. (1967). First hall of residence
(Information series No. 3). Hamilton, New Zealand:
Author.
5. Book chapter in edited book (Helber, 1995) or
Helber, L.E. (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for (Helber (1995)
new markets. In M.V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), compares luxury
Island tourism: Management principles and resorts….
practice (pp. 105-113). Chichester, England:
John Wiley.

6. Conference paper online (Bochner, 1996) or

Bochner, S. (1996, November). Mentoring in higher According to Bochner
education: Issues to be addressed in developing a (1996)…
mentoring program. Paper presented at the
Australian Association for Research in Education
Conference, Singapore. Retrieved from
http://www.aare.edu.au/96pap/bochs96018.txt
7. Course handout/Lecture notes (Salter, 2007)
Salter, G. (2007). Lecture 3: SPLS205-07A
[PowerPoint slides]. Hamilton, New Zealand:
University of Waikato.
8. Film (see Library APA referencing webpage for (Zhang, 2000)
music and other media)
Zhang, Y. (Producer/Director). (2000). Not one less
[Motion picture]. China: Columbia Pictures.

9. Journal article- academic/scholarly (electronic (Hohepa, Schofield, &

version) with DOI Kolt,2006
Hohepa, M., Schofield, G., & Kolt, G. S. (2006). Physical Then subsequently, it
activity: What do high school students think? 3-5 authors
Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(3), 328-336. (Hohepa et al., 2006)
Doi:10.1016/j. jadohealth.2005.12.024

10. Journal article- academic/scholarly (electronic (Harrison & Papa,

version) with no DOI 2005) or
Harrison, B., & Papa, R. (2005). The development of Harrison and
an indigenous knowledge program in a New Papa(2005)
Zealand Maori-language immersion school. recommend…
Anthropology and Education Quarterly. 36(1),
57-72. Retrieved from ProQuest Education
Journals database.

11. Journal article-academic/scholarly (print version) (Gibbs, 2005) or

Gibbs, M. (2005). The right to development and Gibbs (2005)
indigenous peoples: Lessons from New Zealand. contradicts…
World Development, 33(8), 1365-1378.

12. Journal article-academic/scholarly (Internet only-no (Snell & Hodgetts,

print version) n.d.)
Snell, D., & Hodgetts, D. (n.d). The psychology of Or
heavy metal communities and white supremacy. Snell and Hodgetts
Te Kura Kete Aronui, 1. Retrieved from (n.d.) suggest “…”
http://www.waikato.ac.nz/wfass/tkka (para.3)

13. Magazine article- popular/trade/general interest (Goodwin, 2002) or

Goodwin, D.K. (2002, February 4). How I caused that Goodwin (2002)
story. Time, 159(5), 69. defends….

14. Newspaper article- (Print version) (Hartevelt, 2007)

Hartevelt, J. (2007, December 20). Boy racers. The
Press, p.3.

15. Newspaper article (Database like Newztext Plus) (Cumming, 2003)

(also see Library referencing webpage for Internet
version)
 Cumming, G. (2003, April 5). Cough that shook the world.
The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from Newztext Plus
database.

16. Newspaper article with no author (“Report Casts

Report casts shadow on biofuel crops. (2007, October Shadow,” 2007)
16). Waikato Times, p. 21.

17. Personal Communication (letters, telephone (H.Clarke, personal

conversations, emails, interviews) communication, March
19, 2004)
18. Thesis-Institutional or personal webpage-outside
the US
Dewstow, R. A. (2006). Using the Internet to enhance (Dewstow, 2006) or
teaching at the University of Waikato (Master’s Dewstow (2006)
thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New identified….
Zealand). Retrieved from
http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/
10289/2241

http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/study/referencing/styles/apa/examples accessed from Practical

Research 2 written by Baraceros,Esther, published 2016.

Argumentative Review. It examines

literature selectively to support or
refute an argument, deeply imbedded
assumption, or philosophical problem
Types of Literature
already established in the literature.
Reviews

1. Argumentative Integrative Review. It is considered a

form of research that reviews,
Review
2. Integrative Review critiques, and synthesizes
representative literature on a topic in
3. Historical Review
an integrated way such that new
4. Methodological
frameworks and perspectives on the
Review
topic are generated.
5. Systematic Review
6. Theoretical Review Historical Review. It is to
systematically examine past events to
give an account of what has
happened in the past.

Methodological Review. A review does not always focus on what someone said
but how they came about (method of analysis).

Systematic Review. It is to attain conclusion regarding the chosen topic.

Theoretical Review. It is to examine the body of theory that has accumulated

regarding an issue, concept, theory, phenomena.
Functions of Review of
Related Literature and Studies Characteristics of the Materials
Cited
1. To provide justification of the
Sarno (2010) enumerated the
study
different characteristics of the
2. To identify gaps, problems
literature and studies to be cited in
and needs of related studies the present study as cited by
3. To provide rationale of the Faltado (2016)
study as well as the reasons
1. The materials must be as
of conducting the study
recent as possible, may be
4. To have basis that will be 10 years back.
used to support findings of 2. Materials must be as
the study objective and unbiased as
possible.
3. Materials must be relevant
to the study.
4. Coherence principle must be
observed in writing literature
review.

Sample Review of Related Literature and Studies

Reaching the Unreached: A Challenge for Filipino Educators

Helen Bihag-Boholano & Mary Lou C. Go Puco

Education is one of the necessary elements for progress, a means of rising

above poverty, bridging the social gaps, improving living conditions and health, and
promoting wellness and a better life. It is required so that positive contributions to the
global community may be addressed. Globalization is seen by teachers in the effects
that it produces by following an economic, business oriented model of the world that
changes the classroom environment (Barron, Odell & Mercier, 2006); however, the
various initiatives have failed to address poverty issues which result in increased
dropouts and educational deficiencies. This oversight is a source of concern since the
Philippine Constitution of 1987 expressly provides for free and compulsory elementary
and secondary education. Education for All (EFA) recommends working with
international agencies like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund to devise
programs to reduce poverty-related barriers to learning (Goldstein, 2004). These
agencies and opportunities must be utilized to address the issues of education
deficiencies related to poverty. In other words, the benefits of globalization should be
employed to overcome some of its challenges, especially in poverty-stricken areas.
 From another perspective, globalization impacts both the numeracy and
literacy aspects of education since reading and math competencies closely determine
job opportunities. Sparkes (1999) posited that the ability to participate effectively in the
labor market, and its inverse- unemployment, are strongly affected by the realization
of basic literacy and numeracy skills, adding that this is especially so in developing
countries where the level of education is closely related to unemployment and
earnings. Moreover, as globalization increases the intensity of competition in these
areas, fewer jobs are available to those without these competencies (Bynner &
Parsons, 1997; Moser, 1999). In terms of labor market access, only one in every 50
jobs is open to those without basic entry-level skills and only 50% of jobs are open to
those with skills only at entry level (Moser, 1999). Given the increased availability of
human capital provided by the mobility aspect of globalization, the job market is
increasingly competitive and limited.

Note: The text above is just a sample. For practice as a Grade 12- Senior High Student, review of related
literature and studies should have a minimum of 3 pages and a maximum of 5 pages, double spacing.

WHAT’S MORE?

Test I. Referencing: Write the references below in the correct format. Do this on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Carleton, Lindsay & Robert J. Marzano. Vocabulary Games for the (2010).
Classroom. United States of America: Marzano Research Laboratory.

2. Scazzero, Geri with Peter Scazzero. (2010). The Emotionally Healthy

Woman. OMF Literature Inc. Metro Manila:

3. (2010). Teaching YA Lit through Differentiated Groenke, Susan L. & Lisa

Scherff. Instruction. USA: National Council of Teachers of English
(NCTE).

4. Guthrie, John T. (2008). USA: Corwin Press. Engaging Adolescents in

Reading.

5. Tovani, Cris. (2000). USA: Stenhouse Publishers. I Read it, But I don’t Get it:
Comprehension Strategies for Adolescent Readers.
 ASSESSMENT

Test I. IDENTIIFICATION. Read each question carefully. Give what is asked. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

_____1. This involves the critiquing and evaluating of what other researchers
have done in relation to the problem to be studied whether these
studies affirmed or negate the subject under study.
_____2. This is the label for the bibliography page of the research paper under
the APA citation style.
_____3. What does APA stand for?
_____4. We cite sources properly to avoid this offense of the law.
_____5. These are published and unpublished research studies such as thesis,
dissertation, and research proceedings.
_____ 6. This type of review wants to develop a body of literature that establishes
opposite perspective.
_____7. This review consists of an overview of existing evidence which uses pre-
specified and standardized methods to identify and critically appraise
relevant research.
_____8. This review helps to establish what theories already exist, the
relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories
have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.
_____9. The body of literature in this review includes all studies that address
related or identical hypotheses or research problems.
_____10. This review is a flowing, dynamic account of past events which involves
an interpretation of these events to recapture the nuances,
personalities, and ideas that influenced these events.

Test II. Essay. Read the question carefully. Explain what you have understood
about the question in 3-5 sentences. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper. Rubrics: Content-10, Grammar and Mechanics- 5= Total Score: 15 points

How will the review of related literature and conceptual framework help the
researcher in conducting his/her study?
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