PHYSICS (Code No.

042)

COURSE STRUCTURE

Class XII – 2022-23 (Theory)

Time: 3 hrs. Max Marks: 70

No. of
UNITS Marks
Periods

UNIT I Electrostatics 26 16

Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and
Capacitance
Unit-II Current Electricity 18

Chapter–3: Current Electricity

Magnetic Effects of Current and

Unit–III 25
Magnetism
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and
Magnetism
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Electromagnetic Induction and
Unit–IV 24 17
Alternating Currents
Chapter–6: Work, Energy and Power
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Unit–V Electromagnetic Waves 04

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 1

 Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit-VI Optics 30 18
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical
Instruments
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Unit–VII Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 8
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and
Matter
Unit–VII
Atoms and Nuclei 15 12
I
Chapter–12: Atoms
Chapter–13: Nuclei

Unit–IX Electronic Devices 10 7

Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics:

Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Total 160 70

Unit I
Electrostatics 26 Periods
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between twopoint
charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous
charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines, electric dipole,
electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to
infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 2

Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole
and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system
of two-point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and
without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor (no
derivation, formulae only).

Unit II
Current Electricity 18 Periods
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity,
mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, V-I characteristics (linear
and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity,
temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference
and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff's rules,
Wheatstone bridge.

Unit III
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 25 Periods
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop.

Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight solenoid
(only qualitative treatment), force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and
electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two

parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, torque experienced by a
current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 3

magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometerits current sensitivity and
conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only),
magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and
perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar
magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances with
examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit IV
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 24 Periods
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law,
Self and mutual induction.

Chapter–7: Alternating Current

Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and
impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only), resonance, power in AC circuits, power
factor, wattless current. AC generator, Transformer.
Unit V
Electromagnetic waves 18 Periods
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their
transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet,

X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

Unit VI
Optics 30 Periods

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 4

Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light,
total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin
lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of
thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism.

Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and

refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Chapter–10: Wave Optics

Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens principle, reflection and refraction of plane
waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction
using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression
for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained
interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima
(qualitative treatment only).

Unit VII
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 08 Periods
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations;
Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of
photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.

Unit VIII
Atoms and Nuclei 15 Periods
Chapter–12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model of
hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of
electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter–13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Mass-energy relation, mass defect;
binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission,
nuclear fusion.

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 5

Unit IX
Electronic Devices 10 Periods
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only)
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction Semiconductor
diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode
-diode as a rectifier.

PRACTICALS

Total Periods: 60

The record, to be submitted by the students, at the time of their annual examination,
has to include:
● Record of at least 8 Experiments [with 4 from each section], to be performed by
the students.
● Record of at least 6 Activities [with 3 each from section A and section B], to be
performed by the students.
● Report of the project carried out by the students.

EVALUATION SCHEME

Time 3 hours Max. Marks: 30

Topic Marks
Two experiments one from each section 7+7
Practical record (experiment and activities) 5
One activity from any section 3
Investigatory Project 3
Viva on experiments, activities and project 5
Total 30

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 6

 SECTION–A
Experiments
1. To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential
difference versus current.
2. To find resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a metre bridge.
3. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.
Or
To verify the laws of combination (parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
4. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find
its figure of merit.
5. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit)
into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
Or
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit)
into an ammeter of desired range and to verify the same.
6. To find the frequency of AC mains with a sonometer.

Activities
1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron
core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a
given circuit using a multimeter.
3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches,
a fuse and a power source.
4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.
5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady
current.

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 7

 6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION–B
Experiments
1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to
find the focal length.
2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or
between 1/u and 1/v.
4. . To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph
between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.
6. To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a convex lens and plane mirror.
8. To find the refractive index of a liquid using a concave mirror and a plane
mirror.
9. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction diode in forward and
reverse bias.

Activities
1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection
of such items.
2. Use a multimeter to see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and
an LED and check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode) is in
working order.
3. To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an
LDR.
4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely
on a glass slab.

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 8

 5. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
6. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, or (ii)
concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different
distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).
7. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses
from the given set of lenses.

Suggested Investigatory Projects

1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.
2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR
because of a variation in
(a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all
the lamps at a fixed distance).
(b) the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the
LDR.
3. To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror,
an equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable
object needle.
4. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage and (ii)
number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed transformer.
5. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence
using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.
6. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical Styrofoam (or pith)
balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.
7. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the
effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an
A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
8. To study the earth's magnetic field using a compass needle -bar magnet by plotting
magnetic field lines and tangent galvanometer.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity of the apparatus for assessment in
practical’s (All Experiments)

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 9

Meter scale, general shape of the voltmeter/ammeter, battery/power supply, connecting
wires, standard resistances, connecting wires, voltmeter/ammeter, meter bridge, screw
gauge, jockey Galvanometer, Resistance Box, standard Resistance, connecting wires,
Potentiometer, jockey, Galvanometer, Leclanche cell, Daniell cell [simple distinction
between the two vis-à-vis their outer (glass and copper) containers], rheostat
connecting wires, Galvanometer, resistance box, Plug-in and tapping keys, connecting
wires battery/power supply, Diode, Resistor (Wire-wound or carbon ones with two
wires connected to two ends), capacitors (one or two types), Inductors, Simple
electric/electronic bell, battery/power supply, Plugin and tapping keys, Convex lens,
concave lens, convex mirror, concave mirror, Core/hollow wooden cylinder, insulated
wire, ferromagnetic rod, Transformer core, insulated wire.

B. List of Practicals
1. To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph between
voltage and current.
2. To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel combination) of resistances by
Ohm’s law.
3. To find the resistance of a given wire / standard resistor using a meter bridge.
4. To determine the resistance of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
5. To identify a resistor, capacitor, inductor and diode from a mixed collection of
such items.
6. To observe the difference between
(i) a convex lens and a concave lens
(ii) a convex mirror and a concave mirror and to estimate the likely difference
between the power of two given convex /concave lenses.
7. To design an inductor coil and to know the effect of
(i) change in the number of turns
(ii) Introduction of ferromagnetic material as its core material on the inductance
of the coil.
8. To design a (i) step up (ii) step down transformer on a given core and know the
relation between its input and output voltages.

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 10

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.

Prescribed Books:
1. Physics, Class XI, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.
2. Physics, Class XII, Part -I and II, Published by NCERT.
3. Laboratory Manual of Physics for class XII Published by NCERT
4. The list of other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider
multimedia also).

Note: The content indicated in NCERT textbooks as excluded for the year
2022-23 is not to be tested by schools.

Class XI 2023 www.vedantu.com 11