Class 4 SST 7

CLASS 4 SOCIAL STUDIES
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK, KOLKATA

SESSION: 2022-23
SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES
CLASS IV
MONTH –DECEMBER
TOPIC: KNOW YOUR GOVERNMENT AND HOW TO CHOOSE IT
Introduction and Explanation:

Sub Topic: What is Democracy?
The word “Democracy” is derived from two Greek words= DEMOS & KRATOS
So it is a form of government that is of the people, by the people and for the people.
The first practice of Democratic form of governance can be traced to Ancient Greece.
Sub Topic: India as a Democracy
Currently most countries in the world have Democratic Government.

People choose their own leaders who run the country and provide services to the
people. In return they pay taxes for these services to the government.
India- world’ largest democracy
In a Democracy, people choose their leaders by a process called ELECTION.
#IN INDIA, ALL CITIZENS ABOVE

THE AGE OF 18 ARE ALLOWED TO
VOTE.
#Once you attain the age of 18, you have to

register your name in the electoral list.
#You will have to get a VOTER ID CARD

issued by the ELECTION COMMISSION
OF INDIA.
#Anyone who goes to cast a vote needs to

carry this voter id card.
A government is an organization that runs a country. Government looks after the needs,
welfare and safety of the people of our country. The government provides order within a
society by framing laws or rules. Government works for welfare of the society by building
schools, roads, hospitals, railway stations, bus stand, airports and parks. The people of the
country, in turn, pay money in the form of taxes to the government.
Sub Topic: Levels of Government
Since India is a huge country it will be difficult for a single government to look after the
entire country properly. So in India we have a Three-tier government, meaning government
at 3 levels.
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT- AT THE NATIONAL CAPITAL(NEW DELHI)
Central government or Union Government deals with issues that affect the country,
E.g. security, national defence, relationship with other countries, international
policies etc.
STATE GOVERNMENT- AT THE STATE CAPITAL OF RESPECTIVE STATES
State Government looks after issues related to states. E.g. Maintaining law and order,
health services within the state.
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT- AT THE CITY AND VILLAGE LEVEL
It is a form of government that exists in cities and villages.
Local self government deals with local affairs. The people of the community appoint
their leaders.
The local government body in the villages is the Village Panchayat or Gram Panchayat. A
Panchayat is a council of five members. The head of the Panchayat is called Sarpanch.
Villagers above eighteen years of age elect members of the Gram Panchayat. One third of
the seats in the Panchayat are reserved for women. The Panchayats are elected for a period
of 5 years. Panchayat looks after drinking water facilities, construction of schools and
health centres, solves disputes between villagers.
Did you know?
 The head of the Central Government is the Prime Minister.

 The head of the State Government is the Chief Minister.
 The head of each state is the Governor.
FUNCTIONS OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OR MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS
 Construction and repair of roads and streets.

 Providing water, electricity and public transport.
 Keeping the city clean and ensuring the proper disposal of
sewage.
 Keeping account of births and deaths.
 Setting up medical centers, schools and parks.
Sub Topic: ELECTION (National and State Political Parties)
In a democracy, political leaders belong to various political parties. In India, there are
NATIONAL PARTIES & STATE PARTIES. Each one of them has a unique logo. These
parties nominate candidates who represent the party and contest the elections.
NATIONAL PARTIES
 Can contest elections all over India.

 Is recognized in four or more states.
 Eg: Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janta Party etc.
STATE PARTIES
 Can contest elections within one state.

 Is recognized in less than four states.
 Eg: AIADMK in Tamil Nadu & Puducherry, National Conference in Jammu &
Kashmir.
Sub Topic: Importance of Voting
All citizens of the country should vote carefully and responsibly because the people we
vote for will be our leaders and will run the state or country. So we should vote wisely and
elect capable leaders. In a democracy the power lies in the hands of the common people.
For this, every citizen should be made aware of their Right to Vote and they should be
educated about the process of choosing their leaders. Only then a Democracy will function
properly and people will be truly have the power to bring a change.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Written Work: To be done neatly in the SST copy only under the supervision of the teacher
during the class.
PINK BOOK ACTIVITY:
1. In your Pink Activity Books, make a table and paste pictures of the LOGO
of any 2 National and 2 State Parties. Also write when they were formed and
by whom. For the state parties, also write the state where they are based.
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CLASS 4 SOCIAL STUDIES

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK, KOLKATA

Introduction and Explanation:

Sub Topic: India as a Democracy

Currently most countries in the world have Democratic Government.

India- world’ largest democracy

In a Democracy, people choose their leaders by a process called ELECTION.

#IN INDIA, ALL CITIZENS ABOVE

#Once you attain the age of 18, you have to

#You will have to get a VOTER ID CARD

#Anyone who goes to cast a vote needs to

Sub Topic: Levels of Government

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT- AT THE NATIONAL CAPITAL(NEW DELHI)

STATE GOVERNMENT- AT THE STATE CAPITAL OF RESPECTIVE STATES

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT- AT THE CITY AND VILLAGE LEVEL

It is a form of government that exists in cities and villages.

Did you know?

 The head of the Central Government is the Prime Minister.

FUNCTIONS OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OR MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS

 Construction and repair of roads and streets.

Sub Topic: ELECTION (National and State Political Parties)

 Can contest elections all over India.

 Can contest elections within one state.

Sub Topic: Importance of Voting

PINK BOOK ACTIVITY:

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