Language Teaching Methodology

THE GRAMMAR – TRANSLATION METHOD ( GTM )
1. Grammar is taught deductively

2. T is an authority in class, Ss are passive
3. L1 is used most of the time
4. T invites another student to give the correct answer
5. Help Ss to read and appreciate literature in L2
6. Emphasize on reading and writing, grammar and vocabulary
THE DIRECT METHOD ( DM )

1. Situational syllabus
2. Grammar is taught inductively
3. T and Ss are partners
4. Meaning are conveyed directly in L2 using demonstration or visual aids
5. No L1 in class
6. Oral-based approach
7. T use “Or Question” for Ss to self correct
8. Based on the learning theory that the first lg. acquisition should be like the
second lg. acquisition
THE AUDIO – LINGUAL METHOD ( ALM )

1. No L1 in class
2. Oral-based approach
3. Errors should be avoided at all cost
4. T conducts a lot of drills to help Ss practice new knowledge
5. Grammar is taught inductively
6. T is an orchestra leader, Ss are imitators
7. Using a back-chaining technique to help Ss with long difficult sentences
8. Pronunciation receives attention from the beginning
9. Grammar and vocabulary are presented though dialogues
10.Structural syllabus
11.Based on the learning theory that language learning is a set of habit
established by constant practice and reinforcement
COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING ( CLT )
1. Help Ss communicate in L2 appropriately
2. Communicative activities : information gap, choice and feedback
3. Functional syllabus
4. Using authentic materials
5. L2 is used most of the time, L1 is used when and where necessary
6. Ss need linguistics competence and communicative competence to
communicate in L2 effectively
Design a task for the lesson on (……) for a class with 15 students who are from
13-16 years old and at pre-intermediate level.
PRE TASK
T introduces the task:
- “Hello class, how are you today?”
- “I hope you ready to learn the new lesson”
- “Now, I will teach you about……..”
- “Before the lesson, we will play a game to understand the outline of the
lesson”
T gives instructions:
- “Open your book on page 02, please”
- “I will give you 5 minutes to read it”
- “We will have “fill the blanks” test”
T prepares Ss for the task:

1. Vocabulary
- T write the new words on the board and translate it
“…”
“…”
“…”
“…”
- Ask students if they have any words that they do not know the meaning
T says : “Any new words, class? Feel free to ask me”
Ss says : “I don’t know the meaning of the word “…”, could you help me
teacher?”
T says : “Of course” and write it on the board.
- T require Ss repeat the new words
T says : “Now repeat after me”
 T says : “….”
Ss says : “….”
T says : “…”
Ss says : “…”
2. Grammar
T says : “We have some new important structure”
“Let me introduce it to you”
T provides a task model:

- T required Ss to read the passage
- T says : “Close your book, please”
- T give Ss a dialogue with 20 blanks
TASK CYCLE
Ss work in groups of 5
T : “Now, you have to work in group of 5 to do the task that I give you”
 Ss find friends to do the task
Ss discuss with their friends about the task

T : “It is your turn”. “discuss please”
Ss report the results in front of class
T : “Time up!”, “I will invite each group to present the results”
Ss : “My group result is…”
T congregate to all the group because they have done their group work
T explain the answer and told them the group that have the best correct result
T correct the answer.
T provides supports when necessary
T : “If you have any question, I will give you some suggestion”
Ss : “I don’t know….”
T : “You have to…, then…”
LANGUAGE FOCUS
T provides feedback :
T : “you have to say…, not say….”
T : “…”
Conduct practice with the structure:

1. Create a small activity :
- Give 10 vocabulary in row A, 10 Vietnamese meaning of 10 vocabulary in
row B ( mix it )
 Ss do it and review the vocabulary
2. Review
- Review the vocabulary
- Review the grammar
- Ask them to learn by heart the new vocabulary
- Give homework
- Ask them if they have any question about this lesson
- Say goodbye

Language Teaching Methodology

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THE GRAMMAR – TRANSLATION METHOD ( GTM )

1. Grammar is taught deductively

THE DIRECT METHOD ( DM )

THE AUDIO – LINGUAL METHOD ( ALM )

T prepares Ss for the task:

T provides a task model:

Ss discuss with their friends about the task

Conduct practice with the structure:

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