Satish Glass PDF
Satish Glass PDF
Satish Glass PDF
SUBMITTED BY –SATISH
KUMAR VERMA
B ARCH 2 YEAR
ROLL NO 21
INTRODUCTION
Glass: it is an amorphous, hard, brittle, transparent, or
translucent, super cooled liquid of infinite viscosity,
obtained by fusing a mixture of metallic silicates, most
commonly of Na,K,Ca and Pb
It has no sharp melting point and definite
structural formula
HISTORY
Glass has a long history of 5000 years. 1500
BC Small glass articles made from moulds
have been found in Egypt and Syria. The
first glass was produced probably in Egypt.
according to the archaeological
evidence, the first man made glass was in
Eastern Mesopotamia and Egypt around
3500BCand the first glass vessels were made
about 1500BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
COMPOSITION OF GLASS
Ordinary glass is manufactured by the
composition of various substances like silica,
bleaching powder, oxides of alkaline metals,
calcium oxide (lime) etc. These constituents of
the glass are transformed into fine micro
powder and after fusing these are melted into
the furnaces at moderate temperature and
ordinary glass is prepared by a suitable cooling
mechanism of the molten or liquid glass. Thus
ordinary glass is a non-crystalline substance of
ultra cooled liquid glass.
Manufacturing Steps:
1.Melting
2.Forming and Shaping
3.Annealing
4.Finishing
Melting
Raw marerials, in proper proportions(e.g sand,
soda, ash and limetone for common glass) are
mixed with refinely added cullets called as
“batch” are heated in open hearth furnace in
which heat is produced by burning of producer
gas.At high temperatures like 1800oC glass starts
melting
Forming
molten glass is then worked into articles of desired
shapes by either blowing or moulding or pressing
between rollers
Annealing
Glass, being insulator cannot be cooled rapidly
because if it is cooled rapidly the superficial
layer cools down and the inner layer remains in
expanded state which may cause breakage of
glass.
Due to this reason glass is passed through
different zones of decreasing temperature and
this process is known as annealing.
Finishing
All glass articles, after annealing, are subjected to
finishing processes such as cleaning, grinding,
polishing, cutting, sand- blasting, etc.
Properties of Glass:
Strength
A glass is a hard material but it is liable to break
easily. Thus, one should be careful while using glass
as a building material and in the home as well.
U value
U value is the measurement that calculates the
amount of heat transferred through the window. The
lower the U- values of glass, the better the insulation
properties.
Workability
A glass can be used in various ways as it can be
blown drawn and pressed. Thus, it can be molded
into different shapes and serves various purposes.
Transparency
A glass is transparent and allows visual
connection with the outside world. Though, its
transparency can be altered just by adding
admixtures and can leave the overall beautiful
look of glass.
Greenhouse effect
The trapping of heat in the glass leads to a
higher temperature and the trapping occurs
due to the greenhouse effect.
Recyclable
The glass material is totally recyclable and the
broken glass scrap is gathered and remelted to
be used again.
ARCHITECTURAL GLASS
Used as a Building Material.
Used as transparent glazing material in
the building envelope, including windows
in the external walls.
Also used for internal partitions and as an
architectural feature.
Glass is often of a safety type, which
include reinforced, toughened and
laminated glasses.
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TYPES
Safety glass Mirror glass
Acoustic glass Coated glass
Coloured glass Pattern glass
Special glass Annealed glass
Flat glass
Extra clear glass
Acid etched glass
Etched glass
Fire rated glass
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FLAT GLASS
There are 2 types of flat glass 1.The
float
2.The printed glass
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FLOAT GLASS
Float glass is a transparent, colorless or
colored glass, with uniform thickness and
homogeneous mass.
It is the ideal glass for application that
demand perfect visibility.
Has high light transmission,double
glazing.
It is used in automotive industry, of
household appliances, civil construction,
furniture and decoration.
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FLOAT GLASS
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PRINTED GLASS
The printed glass is a translucent flat
glass, colourless or coloured, which
receives the printing of a pattern
(drawing) when is leaving the furnace.
It is used in civil construction,
household appliances, furniture and
decoration.
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PRINTED GLASS
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SAFETY GLASS
• Produced from the float glass, aiming to
reduce the risks in case of accident and
accidental break.
• The safety glasses are defined by ABNT as
“those that, when broken, produce
fragments less susceptible to cause serious
injuries”.
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LAMINATED GLASS
The laminated glass is composed by two
glass plates intercalated by a plastic skin
of great resistance.
The laminated glass is used as cover,
facades, balconies, guardrail, doors,
windows, partitions, showcase, floorings
and others.
The laminated glass has other benefits,
as the reduction of external noise
entrance (when compared to the
common glasses) and the protection
against UV (Ultraviolet) rays. 20
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ACOUSTIC GLASS
The acoustic glasses that impede the noise from
passing from one environment to the other.
This sound comfort can be obtained through two
solutions: acoustic laminated glass and the
double glass (or insulated).
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ACOUSTIC LAMINATED GLASS
It is a glass laminated with a special PVB
(acoustic)
Because of this it works as an excellent
acoustic insulator.
It is an innovative product that ensures a
powerful protection against noises.
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INSULATED GLASS
It is the set of two glasses separated by an
air or gas layer, conferring a reduction in
the sound propagation, in the entrance of
heat and endless decorative combinations.
The double glass is present in our daily life,
as for instance, in freezers and refrigerators
doors (with the thermal insulation
function).
The double glazing can be composed by
any type of glass, improving the thermal
and acoustic performance.
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INSULATED GLASS
The double glazing can be composed by
any type of glass, improving the thermal
and acoustic performance.
Besides that, it can be equipped with
internal blinds that give the set a
differentiated aesthetic effect.
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COLOURED GLASS
There are two types of colored glasses:
1.painted
2. screen-printed.
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PAINTED GLASS
Produced from a float glass, it receives in the
production line a special painting, which gives to
it, besides the coloured and shiny finishing,
greater resistance.
Its versatility makes it possible to use in
furniture, residences, offices, hotels, stores
and museums.
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SCREEN PRINTED GLASS
Screen-printed glasses are glasses one side of
which is covered with permanent decorative
designs.
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SPECIAL GLASS
With the technological advance in the creation
of micro layers, several special types of
glasses have come up.
Actually, theses glasses have layers of diverse
type of materials, these layers of microscopic
dimension that offer several differentiated
characteristics to the glass.
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SPECIAL GLASS TYPES
Sun protection glass
Self-cleaning glass
Low reflection glass
Low-emissivity glass
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SUN PROTECTION GLASS
Also known as reflective glass or solar
control
Being indicated for places where there is
great incidence of solar rays, like facade
of buildings, windows, doors, balconies
and cover, as it provides a better thermal
comfort ,Function to reduce the entrance
of heat inside the environment, besides
producing a control in the entrance of
light for the interior
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SELF CLEANING GLASS
The self-cleaning glass is visual identical to the
normal glasses.
It ensures a clear vision in all the situations, even
on rainy days; and the self-cleaning layer is
integrated to the glass and because of this has a
high level of durability, and do not wear out over
the time.
It shall be applied always in the external part of
the buildings like facades, covers, windows,
doors, balconies and other in highly polluted
areas.
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LOW REFLECTION GLASS
It is an extra clear float glass
Ideal for showcases, showrooms,
museums, authorized dealers, displays
and other types of applications that need
to avoid the discomfort of the light
reflection in the glass, which many times
forces the person to create a shadow in
front to observe the object that is behind
the glass.
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LOW EMISSIVITY GLASS
It does not enables the heat exchange
between the internal and external
environment.
It has the appearance of a colourless float glass,
reducing the entrance of heat or cold.
Used in the commercial refrigerating
market and on civil construction, in
facades and covers.
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EXTRA CLEAR GLASS
It is an extremely transparent glass, that is,
without the green shade common to the
colourless glasses.
This happens because in its composition
there is one less concentration of iron
oxide.
Used in civil construction, decoration and
household appliances.
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ACID ETCHED GLASS
They are glasses treated with acid and
with whitish appearance.
It offers several aesthetic options for
architect and decorators.
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ETCHED GLASS
It is a glass worked with jets of sand grains that
mechanically attack the glass, transforming it in
translucent and slightly rough. It is used in
furniture and decoration.
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FIRE RATED GLASS
The fire-rated glasses, without the metal
mesh, are laminated glasses composed
by several intercalated plates with
transparent chemical material that melts
and dilates in case of fire.
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ANNEALED GLASS
It is common glass that tends to break into
large, jagged shards.
It is used in some end products and often
in double-glazed windows.
It is also the starting material used to
produce more advanced products through
further processing such as laminating,
toughening, coating, etc.
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MIRROR GLASS
Mirrored glass is gaining a more prominent place
in architecture, for important functional reasons
as well as for the aesthetic effect.
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PATTERN GLASS
Patterned glass is flat glass whose
surfaces display a regular pattern.
Patterned glass is mostly used in internal
decoration and internal architecture.
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COATED GLASS
Surface coatings can be applied to glass to
modify its appearance and give it many of
the advanced characteristics and
functions available in today's flat glass
products, such as low maintenance,
special reflection/transmission/absorption
properties, scratch resistance, corrosion
resistance, etc.
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HOW TO CUT A GLASS
Step 1: What You Need Step 3: Cutting/scoring
Opal glass
Solar control glass is a green glass type that also improves the
aesthetics of the structure that it has been installed on. It has
great value for money and is primarily designed to keep heat
from entering the building. Solar control glass is typically installed
on building exteriors, facades and windows.
Supersilver glass
This type of glass is easy to install, and can be
customized to provide thermal insulation, acoustic
insulation and protection from UV radiation. Its
glazing properties allow it to reflect light during the
day, thereby enhancing the privacy of a space.
Similar to most heat reflective glass, this type of
glass is also installed on facades and exterior
windows.
SIGNIFICANCE
Glass, a fascinating material, and usually quite viable in
most places, glass have become an extraordinarily useful
material in architecture. Both, classic and modern, its use
in the construction industry has stood the test of times
for over centuries now. Glass, when discovered, was
considered a magical material and was fascinating to the
world. The translucent and the transparent nature of the
material often accompanied every other material, be it
cement, mud or, steel in today’s times. It has now moved
heights, literally, with more and more skyscrapers in the
world using it with steel as the prominent construction
material.
Glass has various uses, and its special importance in
architecture.
CONCLUSION
The use of glass and glass product in architecture is
now quite popular ,especially with glass turning from
a fragile to sturdy material. Earlier glass was thought
to be too fragile to use as a building material but the
concept and types of modern glasses changed it all.
The use of architectural glass makes building most
elegant ,beautiful and eye catching but also the use
of glass in building provide energy efficiency .The use
of architectural glass product contributes to the
enhance natural light.
Moreover, the glass is usually quite inexpensive and
environment friendly . These are only few reasons on
why glass product are more popular as a building
material.
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