Felicity Marie Gargar BSN 1 Abraham

Felicity Marie Gargar BSN 1-C
Abraham Maslow
“Human Hierarchy of Needs”
History and Background

BIOGRAPHY
Born on April 1, 1908, in Brooklyn, New York.
Died: June 8, 1970, Menlo Park, California, United States
Spouse: Bertha Goodman (m. 1928–1970)
Children: Ann Maslow Kaplan, Ellen Maslow
Was an American psychologist who developed a hierarchy of needs to explain
human motivation.
He grew up the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who
emigrated from Russia.
EDUCATION
He studied at Cornell University, Boys' High School, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, The City College of New York
Maslow studied law at City College of New York (CCNY). After developing
an interest in psychology, he switched to the University of Wisconsin and
found a mentor in psychologist Harry Harlow who served as his doctoral
advisor.
Maslow earned all three of his degrees in psychology (a bachelor's, master's,
and doctorate) from the University of Wisconsin.
Abraham Maslow began teaching at Brooklyn College in 1937 and continued
to work as a member of the school's faculty until 1951.
Contents of the Theory

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising
a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a
pyramid.
This five-stage model can be divided into Deficiency Needs and Growth
Needs. The first four level are often referred as Deficiency Needs (D-needs)
This arise due to deprivation and are said to motivated people when they are
unmet, also the motivation to fulfill such needs will become stronger the longer
the duration they are denied. And the top level is known as Growth or Being
needs (B-needs).
Maslow initially stated that individuals must satisfy lower-level deficit needs
before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs. However, he later
clarified that satisfaction of needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon,
admitting that his earlier statements may have given “the false impression that
a need must satisfied 100 percent before the next need emerges”.
When deficit need has been “more or less” satisfied it will go away, and our
activities become habitually directed towards meeting the nest set of needs that
we have yet to satisfy, however, growth needs continue to be felt and may even
become stronger once they have been engaged.
Hierarchy of Needs Summary

(a) Human beings are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.
(b) Needs are organized in a hierarchy of prepotency in which more basic needs
must be more or less met (rather than all or none) prior to higher needs.
(c) The order of needs is not rigid but instead may be flexible based on external
circumstances or individual differences.
(d) Most behavior is multi--motivated, that is, simultaneously determined by more
than one basic need.
Major Concepts and Definitions
The Original Hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes:
Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and
that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic needs are for physical
survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is
fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.
1. Physiological Needs
- these are biological requirements for human survival, examples are air, food,
drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep, if these needs are not satisfied the
human body cannot function optimally.
2. Safety Needs
- protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
3. Love and Belongingness needs
- the need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior, examples include
friendship, intimacy, trust, acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love.
4. Esteem Needs
- Maslow classified two categories (1) esteem for oneself (dignity,
achievement, mastery, and independence) and (2) the desire for reputation or
respect from others.
5. Self-actualization Needs
- realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and
peak experiences, a desire to become everything one is capable of becoming.
The Expanded hierarchy of needs:

It is important to note that Malow’s five-stage model has been expanded to include
cognitive and aesthetic needs and later transcendence needs.
1. Biological and physiological Needs

- These are biological requirements for human survival, air, food, drink, shelter,
clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
-If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.
2. Safety Needs
- Protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
3.Love and Belongingness Needs
- Friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love.
Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
4. Esteem Needs
- Maslow classified two categories (1) esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement,
mastery, and independence) and (2) the desire for reputation or respect from others.
5. Cognitive Needs
- Knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and
predictability.
6. Aesthetic Needs
- Appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.
7. Self-actualization Needs
- Realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences. A desire ‘to become everything one is capable of becoming’
8. Transcendence Needs
- A person motivated by values which transcend beyond the personal self. (Mystical
experiences and certain experiences with nature, aesthetic experiences, sexual
experiences, service to others, the pursuit of science, religious faith, etc.).
Self-actualization
- It refers to the person’s desire for self-fulfillment, namely, to the tendency for
him to become actualized in what he is potentially. The specific form of this
needs will take will of course vary greatly from person to person.
Instead of focusing on psychopathology (abnormal-psychology) and what goes
wrong with people, Maslow formulated a more positive account of human
behavior which focused on what goes right, he was interested in human
potential, and how we fulfill that potential
Characteristics of Self-actualized people:
1. They perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty;

2. Accept themselves and others for what they are;
3. Spontaneous in thoughts and action;
4. Problem-centered (not self-centered);
5. Unusual sense of humor;
6. Able to look at life objectively;
7. Highly creative
8. Resistant to enculturation, but not purposely unconventional;
9. Concerned for the welfare of humanity
10. Capable of deep appreciation of basic life-experience;
11. Establish deep satisfying interpersonal relationships with few people;
12. Peak experiences;
13. Need for privacy;
14. Democratic attitudes;
15. Strong moral/ethical standards.
Behaviors Leading to self-actualization:

(a) Experience life like child, with full absorption and concentration;
(b) Trying new things instead of sticking to safe paths;
(c) Listening to your own feelings in evaluating experiences instead of the
voice of tradition, authority, or the majority;
(d) Avoiding pretense “game playing” and being honest;
(e) Being prepare to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of
the majority;
(f) Taking responsibility and working hard;
(g) Trying to identify your defenses and having courage to give them up.
It is not necessary to display all 15 characteristics to become self-actualized, and
not only self-actualized people will display them.
Assumptions on Maslow’s Hierarchy

1. Person – Prioritizing the patient needs, you have a patient recovering from
back surgery, the patient will have to complete physical therapy prior being
discharge, their pain relief and elimination needs must be met first.
2. Health – Maslow’s hierarchy also can assist nurses with care planning, you
can prioritize different nursing diagnoses based on the hierarchy of needs.
3. Environment – Maslow’s hierarchy can be used when considering ADLs
(activities of daily living), when you begin clinicals, your first few weeks will
involve you assisting patients with ADLs, if their basic needs aren’t met,
they’ll have trouble completing any other goals you may set for them.
4. Nursing – Maslow’s hierarchy will also come into play when you study for
the PNLE (Philippine Nursing Licensure Exam), you will choose your answer
based on prioritizing according to Maslow’s hierarchy, always choose the
answer with physiological/survival needs first.
Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy

Maslow’s hierarchy suggest that once nurses’ basic needs are met, their focus will
shift towards achieving higher level needs, including their sense of belonging, self-
esteem, and self-actualization. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs can be a valuable tool
for nurses, it can help us prioritize needs based on the different tiers of the hierarchy.

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Felicity Marie Gargar BSN 1-C

History and Background

Contents of the Theory

Hierarchy of Needs Summary

The Expanded hierarchy of needs:

1. Biological and physiological Needs

Characteristics of Self-actualized people:

1. They perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty;

Behaviors Leading to self-actualization:

Assumptions on Maslow’s Hierarchy

Application of Maslow’s Hierarchy

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